| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Partnerships implementing ecosystem-based moose management in Sweden
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 10:3, s. 228-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden is undergoing an extensive transformation from single species management towards ecosystem-based management. This study analyses the implementation of the new moose management system, focusing on the newly formed partnerships at ecosystem level (the moose management areas) and their potential to ease conflicts between participants and develop into sustainable collaborations that enable ecosystem-based management. Empirical evidence was obtained from semi-structured interviews with involved actors (hunters, landowners, wildlife managers and forest consultants) in five Swedish counties. Several challenges, based on the participants’ abilities, willingness and understanding needed to implement the new management system, were identified. Lack of funding, unclear roles and responsibilities appear to be the most serious issues. If these are not properly solved, then they have the potential to hamper and aggravate the implementation of the new management system, that is, the ecosystem-based management, as well as the partnership arrangement.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, et al.
(author)
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Why protect biodiversity? Perspectives of conservation professionals in Poland
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 11, s. 349-362
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are numerous strategies to reverse biodiversity decline, ranging from economic, through ecological, to ethical ones. Which arguments are used in the conservation may have bearing on the actual implementation of biodiversity policies. To understand conservation professionals' perceptions of biodiversity is particularly important in the countries in transition, where the new environmental policies are being implemented, the approaches to governance are changing and new biodiversity discourses are emerging. This study investigates what the biodiversity conservation professionals in Poland believe the rationale behind conservation is. We reveal two main perspectives - one focused on intrinsic value of biodiversity and one underlining its utilitarian value. Even if the intrinsic value perspective prevails, the economic framing of biodiversity value is emerging. This framing is important in the face of the ongoing changes in Poland with focus on economic development and relatively little attention paid to biodiversity. The utilitarian approach to conservation, reinforced by the concept of ecosystem services, can be used to supplement the emerging biodiversity discourse strengthening the conservation case. The richness of perspectives among the conservation professionals can facilitate deliberate construction of the new conservation discourse in Poland combining the notion of intrinsic value of nature with the utilitarian approach.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dick, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Testing the ecosystem service cascade framework and QUICKScan software tool in the context of land use planning in Glenlivet Estate Scotland
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 13:2, s. 12-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of ecosystem services has been extensively studied in recent decades. Most studies have focused on describing the specific aspects such as production, spatial extent, valuation of services and the trade-off between services. Few studies however assess the practitioners? views on the frameworks, models or tools developed. In this paper, we report on a multi-stakeholder workshop where two tools were tested (i) the ecosystem service cascade framework was tested as a means to frame the issues and (ii) a participatory-spatial modelling method, QUICKScan, was tested as an aid to support discussion over natural resource management and planning in a multi-use landscape. A focused group discussion was utilised to determine stakeholders? views of the cascade framework and pre- and post-workshop questionnaires quantified the stakeholders? views of the QUICKScan method. The stakeholders identified both positive and negative aspects of both tools. The diversity of views expressed were associated with (i) the past experience of the individual with the issues discussed, (ii) the technical aspects of the tools i.e. the ability with GIS and (iii) the level of new shared knowledge they reported acquiring on the day which was related to their initial knowledge of the issue and area studied.
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| 8. |
- Ezebilo, Eugene Ejike
(author)
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Economic value of a non-market ecosystem service: an application of the travel cost method to nature recreation in Sweden
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 12, s. 314-327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most ecosystem services that are not traded on markets contribute to human welfare; however, these services are often undervalued due to the fact that their economic value is not well known. Accounting for the value of these services can help in making decisions that enable efficient use of environmental resources. This paper reports on a study of recreational trips to nature areas, the economic value of recreation in nature and factors influencing such trips. It also aimed to explore the possibilities of designing a nature-based recreation management strategy that could meet societal preferences and demands for recreation amenities. Data were obtained from a survey that involved Swedish residents who were randomly selected from a national register and were analysed using a negative binomial regression model. The results showed that the average frequency of trips to nature areas was 80 trips annually and the average travel cost for a trip to these areas was 117 SEK (16 USD). Forest-dominated areas were the most frequently visited and mountainous areas the least. Trips to mountain-dominated areas had the highest travel cost, followed by water-dominated areas, with forest areas the lowest. The consumer surplus for a trip to a nature area was 526 SEK (72 USD). The frequency of trips to nature areas was influenced by factors such as travel cost, type of nature area, travel time to and time spent at the nature area, recreational activity, income and dwelling place. If the aim of the Swedish policy on outdoor recreation (i.e. Right to Public Access) is to increase the frequency of trips to nature areas, facilities that could help reduce travel costs to these areas should be provided. Nature areas should be managed towards meeting societal preferences and demands for recreation. The findings could assist ecosystem managers in land use planning processes and in designing a sustainable nature-based recreation strategy.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fauchald, Ole Kristian, et al.
(author)
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Internationalization of protected areas in Norway and Sweden : examining pathways of influence in similar countries
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 10:3, s. 240-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines differences in how international regimes for the establishment and management of protected areas have been implemented in Norway and Sweden. We focus on regulatory and normative pathways of international influence, which mirror the distinction between legal and non-legal regimes in international environmental law. Sweden and Norway have essentially responded similarly to the regulatory regimes that apply to both countries. The more normative regimes have influenced them in different ways – primarily by strengthening traditional nature conservation norms in Sweden, and norms about sustainable use by local communities in Norway. The findings indicate that the normative pathway is important mainly as a support for domestic policies that correspond to existing national norms and discourses, and they support the proposition that a high degree of regulatory hardness contributes to increase the level and consistency of implementation.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Greiser, Caroline, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Archive value : measuring the palaeo-information content of peatlands in a conservation and compensation perspective
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 14:1, s. 209-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The value of peatlands as archives for vegetation, landscape, climate, and human history is well known, but often neglected in conservation planning. Archive value is the potential to satisfy future (yet unknown) demands for information about the past. This study aims at assessing the comparative archive value of a set of peatlands, to identify the most similar alternatives for three peatlands and to estimate the archive loss in case of their destruction. Representative cores from 49 peatlands in the region were assessed with respect to age, depth, resolution, (in)completeness, evenness, and diversity of substrates, peat accumulation status, and thickness of every single substrate type. After using cluster analysis to identify archive types and the relatedness among peatlands, the archive value of each peatland was expressed as a proportion of the total regional archive. We found candidates for compensating the three threatened peatlands, but also identified other archives of high conservation interest according to our criteria. The outcomes appeared rather robust but were determined by the criteria, resolution, and algorithms chosen. This work presents a first step towards developing an objective and consistent evaluation procedure of peatland archives, allowing the archive value to be considered in conservation and management decisions.
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| 13. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(author)
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Estimating economic value of site quality for uncertain ecosystem service provision in Swedish forests
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 14:1, s. 117-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As in other ecosystems, provision of ecosystem services from forests is uncertain because of stochastic weather conditions. In general, society is risk-averse, which means that factors increasing or decreasing the uncertainty in ecosystem services add a source of cost or value to society, measurement of which is lacking in the literature. This article suggests a method for calculating the impact of site-specific ecological conditions in Swedish forests on the economic value of uncertain ecosystem services in terms of timber and carbon sequestration. Applying econometric tools from economics and finance to time-series forest data in Sweden reveals that a site quality indicator adds positively to forest growth rate and decreases uncertainty in forest productivity and associated provision of ecosystem services. The importance of site quality is demonstrated by showing that a marginal increase in site quality can raise the economic value of timber and carbon sequestration by 9% and that neglecting uncertainty can underestimate the value of the contribution by 12%. These findings indicate that management practices improving site quality have the potential of raising the total economic value of forest ecosystem and stabilizing its volatility.
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| 14. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Effects of breed on foraging sites and diets in dairy cows on mountain pasture
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 10, s. 334-342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biodiverse semi-natural pastures are threatened because of sub-optimal grazing. Breed effects on choice of foraging vegetation type, diet and hence pasture management was investigated in dairy cows kept on mountain pastures. Five dairy cows each from the traditional Swedish Mountain breed and the commercial Holstein breed were equipped with GPS receivers measuring animal position for 6h daily grazing time during 6days. Plant groups in ingested vegetation were recorded visually for 30min per cow and day. The grazing area, mapped using infra-red aerial photography combined with field work, consisted of ten vegetation types dominated by bilberry forest (33%), mixed forest (28%) and grass and sedge fen (12%). Although grass-dominated pasture comprised only 0.3% of the area, the cows spent, on average, 27% of their time there. Swedish Mountain cows spent less time in grass-dominated pasture than Holsteins (24% vs. 31%, p=0.035). Swedish Mountains also travelled longer distances (6.3 vs. 5.0km, p=0.016) and were scattered over longer distances from other cows (419 vs. 259m, p=0.011). This limited study revealed a general selection of grass-dominated pasture, but indicated that using traditional breeds can result in better management of other vegetation types.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(author)
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Energizing agroforestry : Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 13:1, s. 191-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Guayusa (Ilex guayusa) is a native tree of the western Amazon region grown by indigenou farmers in traditional agroforestry systems. Its leaves are used as a drink similar to tea, which is now commercialized and marketed outside of the Amazon. To assess the impacts from theearly stages of commercial guayusa production, we conducted interviews in four commercial guayusa-producing communities with indigenous guayusa farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon. We focus on their experiences and critically discuss and speculate about the socio-ecological implications of the expanding commercialization of guayusa, particularly in relation to propositions of this special issue. Results reveal that revenues from guayusa have not overtaken those from other cash crops. Commercializing guayusa can have benefits for farmers and the environment, provided that rigorous criteria that measure social and environmental impacts are adhered to. Furthermore, guaysa production is characterized by vertical integration where many individual farmers supply one processing and wholesale company in a short value chain fostering a locally tailored certification approach that is able to exert the continuation of the traditional agroforestry practices. Yet, sustainability initiatives, standards and certification only provide partial solutions for protecting ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
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| 17. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(author)
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More than just trees : animal species diversity and participatory forest monitoring in the Ecuadorian Amazon
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 9:3, s. 225-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gradual disappearance of tropical animal species due to overhunting and habitat loss represents a major risk for biodiversity and tropical rainforest conservation efforts. Uncontrolled hunting and other human-induced declines in diversity and abundance of seed-dispersing animal species might also negatively affect biomass carbon storage, which could undermine climate change mitigation efforts. We study how the Ecuadorian Socio Bosque conservation incentive programme [Programa Socio Bosque – PSB] addresses animal species conservation and engages with local communities. Drawing on official documents, as well as interviews and observations in four indigenous communities that participate in PSB, we discuss the role of local participation in conservation monitoring. The PSB’s incentive and control approach has to some extent supported the establishment and financing of forest monitoring systems in indigenous communities. However, we argue that PSB in its current design exerts a conservation gap because it does not include animal species diversity and abundance as important components for successful long-term forest conservation. Supporting a bottom-up participatory monitoring methodology for locally-based conservation action can increase the existing positive conservation attitudes among community members. We provide specific examples of how animal species conservation and participatory monitoring can be combined and carried out.
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| 18. |
- Löf, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Management of oak forests: Striking a balance between timber production, biodiversity and cultural services
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 12, s. 59-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identification of the ecosystem services provided by oak-dominated forests in southern Sweden is a prerequisite for ensuring their conservation and sustainable management. These forests seem well-suited for multiple-use forestry, but knowledge is limited regarding how to manage them for multiple uses. Management for the production of high-value timber species like oaks and management to conserve biodiversity, or for cultural services can be in conflict with each other. This study evaluates the capacity of three contrasting management regimes to provide societies with economic revenue from timber production, habitats for biodiversity and cultural services, and the study analyses associated trade-offs and synergies. The three regimes were: intensive oak timber production (A), combined management for both timber production and biodiversity (B) and biodiversity conservation without management intervention (C). We synthesized relevant scientific literature, governmental statistics and grey literature. Our assessments identified that Regime A provided the highest levels of economic returns and the lowest level of biodiversity. Regime C provided higher levels of habitat provision but at expense of wood production and cultural services. In contrast, Regime B provided a balanced delivery of timber production, biodiversity conservation and cultural services. We identified several stand-management options which provide comparatively synergistic outcomes in ecosystem services delivery. The use of these management options in combination with more traditional stand-management approaches may be a more effective means of achieving sustainable forest goods and services.
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| 19. |
- Setten, Gunhild, et al.
(author)
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Ecosystem services and landscape management: three challenges and one plea
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3740 .- 2151-3732. ; 4:8, s. 305-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article identifies three interrelated challenges concerning the ecosystem services (ES) framework and the nature of landscape dynamics within the context of landscape management. These challenges are set within a problematic externalization of nature inherent in the ES framework. The first challenge concerns the lack of compatibility between the ES framework and the logics of landscapes. The second challenge addresses the complexity of ecosystems, unsubstitutable values, and intangible dimensions in economic valuation when applied to landscapes. The third challenge points at how the ES framework has problems in accounting for how and why sociocultural processes are crucial to environmental attitudes and behavior. We argue that the idea of landscape and its inherent landscape dynamics, a crosscutting dimension of these challenges, is a missed opportunity for the ES framework in order to take immeasurable and context-specific social and cultural processes more seriously and consequently deliver sounder advice on landscape management. We thus make a plea for the importance of creating platforms for dialogue across research communities working to improve the understanding of human–nature dynamics.
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| 20. |
- Speed, James, et al.
(author)
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Natural and cultural heritage in mountainlandscapes: towards an integrated valuation
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem services & management. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 2151-3740 .- 2151-3732. ; 8:4, s. 313-320
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mountain areas of Europe have been managed by humans for a long time, leading to a prevalence of semi-natural habitats in mountain landscapes today. These landscapes contain both natural and cultural heritage; however, natural and cultural heritage are rarely considered together when valuing landscapes and developing management plans in protected areas. Here we present a case study of seven protected areas in the mountains of Great Britain and Norway. We take a long-term perspective on landscape and land-use change and propose an integrated model of landscape valuation on the basis of combined natural and cultural heritage. Our model plots indicators of natural and cultural heritage along a gradient of land-use intensity, allowing simultaneous assessment and highlighting how valuation depends on what type of heritage is considered. We show that while contemporary land-use changes follow similar trajectories in Norway and Britain, different land-use histories mean that the loss of heritage differs between the regions. The model presented here thus allows for the consolidation of valuation based on both cultural and natural heritage in landscapes
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| 21. |
- Öborn, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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Trees in agricultural landscapes enhance provision of ecosystem services in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 12, s. 255-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recent interest in multi-functional agricultural landscapes has not been matched with formal assessment of the roles that trees play across the spectrum of ecosystem services (ESs) provided in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A structured literature review (1995-2014) assessed 350 journal articles about provision of one or more ESs by trees on farms and in agricultural landscapes in SSA. This revealed information on 15 ESs from studies in 23 countries covering arid (1% of studies), semi-arid (49%), sub-humid (26%) and humid (24%) agro-ecological zones. The majority of the studies reported provisioning (39%) and supporting (35%) followed by regulating (26%) ESs while studies on cultural services were scarce. Beneficial impacts of trees were dominating (58%), in particular in semi-arid zones where they were associated with enhancing water and nutrient cycling. A decline in some ESs was reported in 15% of the studies, while 28% found no effect of trees. Although the effects of trees were mainly positive, a decline in crop production was noted as a key trade-off against the provisions of ESs, such as modification of microclimate. This highlights the need to manage trade-offs among impacts of trees on ES provision to reduce competition and increase complementarity between trees and crops.
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