| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ammenwerth, Elske, et al.
(author)
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International Comparison of Six Basic eHealth Indicators Across 14 Countries: An eHealth Benchmarking Study
- 2020
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 59:S2, s. e46-e63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Many countries adopt eHealth applications to support patient-centered care. Through information exchange, these eHealth applications may overcome institutional data silos and support holistic and ubiquitous (regional or national) information logistics. Available eHealth indicators mostly describe usage and acceptance of eHealth in a country. The eHealth indicators focusing on the cross-institutional availability of patient-related information for health care professionals, patients, and care givers are rare. Objectives This study aims to present eHealth indicators on cross-institutional availability of relevant patient data for health care professionals, as well as for patients and their caregivers across 14 countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States) to compare our indicators and the resulting data for the examined countries with other eHealth benchmarks and to extend and explore changes to a comparable survey in 2017. We defined "availability of patient data" as the ability to access data in and to add data to the patient record in the respective country. Methods The invited experts from each of the 14 countries provided the indicator data for their country to reflect the situation on August 1, 2019, as date of reference. Overall, 60 items were aggregated to six eHealth indicators. Results Availability of patient-related information varies strongly by country. Health care professionals can access patients most relevant cross-institutional health record data fully in only four countries. Patients and their caregivers can access their health record data fully in only two countries. Patients are able to fully add relevant data only in one country. Finland showed the best outcome of all eHealth indicators, followed by South Korea, Japan, and Sweden. Conclusion Advancement in eHealth depends on contextual factors such as health care organization, national health politics, privacy laws, and health care financing. Improvements in eHealth indicators are thus often slow. However, our survey shows that some countries were able to improve on at least some indicators between 2017 and 2019. We anticipate further improvements in the future.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cunningham, S. G., et al.
(author)
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Core Standards of the EUBIRO Project Defining a European Diabetes Data Dictionary for Clinical Audit and Healthcare Delivery
- 2016
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 55:2, s. 166-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A set of core diabetes indicators were identified in a clinical review of current evidence for the EUBIROD project. In order to allow accurate comparisons of diabetes indicators, a standardised currency for data storage and aggregation was required. We aimed to define a robust European data dictionary with appropriate clinical definitions that can be used to analyse diabetes outcomes and provide the foundation for data collection from existing electronic health records for diabetes. Methods: Existing clinical datasets used by 15 partner institutions across Europe were collated and common data items analysed for consistency in terms of recording, data definition and units of measurement. Where necessary, data mappings and algorithms were specified in order to allow partners to meet the standard definitions. A series of descriptive elements were created to document metadata for each data item, including recording, consistency, completeness and quality. Results: While datasets varied in terms of consistency, it was possible to create a common standard that could be used by all. The minimum dataset defined 53 data items that were classified according to their feasibility and validity. Mappings and standardised definitions were used to create an electronic directory for diabetes care, providing the foundation for the EUBIROD data analysis repository, also used to implement the diabetes registry and model of care for Cyprus. Conclusions: The development of data dictionaries and standards can be used to improve the quality and comparability of health information. A data dictionary has been developed to be compatible with other existing data sources for diabetes, within and beyond Europe.
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| 5. |
- Cunningham, S G, et al.
(author)
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Core Standards of the EUBIROD Project. Defining a European Diabetes Data Dictionary for Clinical Audit and Healthcare Delivery.
- 2016
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - 2511-705X. ; 55:2, s. 166-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A set of core diabetes indicators were identified in a clinical review of current evidence for the EUBIROD project. In order to allow accurate comparisons of diabetes indicators, a standardised currency for data storage and aggregation was required. We aimed to define a robust European data dictionary with appropriate clinical definitions that can be used to analyse diabetes outcomes and provide the foundation for data collection from existing electronic health records for diabetes.Existing clinical datasets used by 15 partner institutions across Europe were collated and common data items analysed for consistency in terms of recording, data definition and units of measurement. Where necessary, data mappings and algorithms were specified in order to allow partners to meet the standard definitions. A series of descriptive elements were created to document metadata for each data item, including recording, consistency, completeness and quality.While datasets varied in terms of consistency, it was possible to create a common standard that could be used by all. The minimum dataset defined 53 data items that were classified according to their feasibility and validity. Mappings and standardised definitions were used to create an electronic directory for diabetes care, providing the foundation for the EUBIROD data analysis repository, also used to implement the diabetes registry and model of care for Cyprus.The development of data dictionaries and standards can be used to improve the quality and comparability of health information. A data dictionary has been developed to be compatible with other existing data sources for diabetes, within and beyond Europe.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ethier, J-F., et al.
(author)
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Clinical Data Integration Model : Core Interoperability Ontology for Research Using Primary Care Data
- 2015
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 54:1, s. 16-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on "Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems". Background: Primary care data is the single richest source of routine health care data. However its use, both in research and clinical work, often requires data from multiple clinical sites, clinical trials databases and registries. Data integration and interoperability are therefore of utmost importance. Objectives: TRANSFoRm's general approach relies on a unified interoperability frame-work, described in a previous paper. We developed a core ontology for an interoperability framework based on data mediation. This article presents how such an ontology, the Clinical Data Integration Model (CDIM), can be designed to support, in conjunction with appropriate terminologies, biomedical data federation within TRANSFoRm, an EU FP7 project that aims to develop the digital infrastructure for a learning healthcare system in European Primary Care. Methods: TRANSFoRm utilizes a unified structural /terminological interoperability framework, based on the local-as-view mediation paradigm. Such an approach mandates the global information model to describe the domain of interest independently of the data sources to be explored. Following a requirement analysis process, no ontology focusing on primary care research was identified and, thus we designed a realist ontology based on Basic Formal Ontology to support our framework in collaboration with various terminologies used in primary care. Results: The resulting ontology has 549 classes and 82 object properties and is used to support data integration for TRANSFoRm's use cases. Concepts identified by researchers were successfully expressed in queries using CDIM and pertinent terminologies. As an example, we illustrate how, in TRANSFoRm, the Query Formulation Workbench can capture eligibility criteria in a computable representation, which is based on CDIM. Conclusion: A unified mediation approach to semantic interoperability provides a flexible and extensible framework for all types of interaction between health record systems and research systems. CDIM, as core ontology of such an approach, enables simplicity and consistency of design across the heterogeneous software landscape and can support the specific needs of EHR-driven phenotyping research using primary care data.
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| 8. |
- Fernandez-Luque, Luis, et al.
(author)
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Evidence-Based Health Informatics as the Foundation for the COVID-19 Response : A Joint Call for Action
- 2022
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Thieme Verlag. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 59:6, s. 183-192
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background As a major public health crisis, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the urgent need for safe, effective, and evidence-based implementations of digital health. The urgency stems from the frequent tendency to focus attention on seemingly high promising digital health interventions despite being poorly validated in times of crisis. Aim In this paper, we describe a joint call for action to use and leverage evidence-based health informatics as the foundation for the COVID-19 response and public health interventions. Tangible examples are provided for how the working groups and special interest groups of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) are helping to build an evidence-based response to this crisis. Methods Leaders of working and special interest groups of the IMIA, a total of 26 groups, were contacted via e-mail to provide a summary of the scientific-based efforts taken to combat COVID-19 pandemic and participate in the discussion toward the creation of this manuscript. A total of 13 groups participated in this manuscript. Results Various efforts were exerted by members of IMIA including (1) developing evidence-based guidelines for the design and deployment of digital health solutions during COVID-19; (2) surveying clinical informaticians internationally about key digital solutions deployed to combat COVID-19 and the challenges faced when implementing and using them; and (3) offering necessary resources for clinicians about the use of digital tools in clinical practice, education, and research during COVID-19. Discussion Rigor and evidence need to be taken into consideration when designing, implementing, and using digital tools to combat COVID-19 to avoid delays and unforeseen negative consequences. It is paramount to employ a multidisciplinary approach for the development and implementation of digital health tools that have been rapidly deployed in response to the pandemic bearing in mind human factors, ethics, data privacy, and the diversity of context at the local, national, and international levels. The training and capacity building of front-line workers is crucial and must be linked to a clear strategy for evaluation of ongoing experiences.
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| 9. |
- Guardado, Sharon, et al.
(author)
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An Exploratory Study on the Utility of Patient-Generated Health Data as a Tool for Health Care Professionals in Multiple Sclerosis Care
- 2022
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Patient-generated health data (PGHD) are data collected through technologies such as mobile devices and health apps. The integration of PGHD into health care workflows can support the care of chronic conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients are often willing to share data with health care professionals (HCPs) in their care team; however, the benefits of PGHD can be limited if HCPs do not find it useful, leading patients to discontinue data tracking and sharing eventually. Therefore, understanding the usefulness of mobile health (mHealth) solutions, which provide PGHD and serve as enablers of the HCPs' involvement in participatory care, could motivate them to continue using these technologies. Objective The objective of this study is to explore the perceived utility of different types of PGHD from mHealth solutions which could serve as tools for HCPs to support participatory care in MS. Method A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative research and participatory design. This study includes three sequential phases: data collection, assessment of PGHD utility, and design of data visualizations. In the first phase, 16 HCPs were interviewed. The second and third phases were carried out through participatory workshops, where PGHD types were conceptualized in terms of utility. Results The study found that HCPs are optimistic about PGHD in MS care. The most useful types of PGHD for HCPs in MS care are patients' habits, lifestyles, and fatigue-inducing activities. Although these subjective data seem more useful for HCPs, it is more challenging to visualize them in a useful and actionable way. Conclusion HCPs are optimistic about mHealth and PGHD as tools to further understand their patients' needs and support care in MS. HCPs from different disciplines have different perceptions of what types of PGHD are useful; however, subjective types of PGHD seem potentially more useful for MS care.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jacobsen, Marc, et al.
(author)
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Deconfounding microarray analysis : independent measurements of cell type proportions used in a regression model to resolve tissue heterogeneity bias
- 2006
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - Stuttgart, Germany : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 45:5, s. 557-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Microarray analysis requires standardized specimens and evaluation procedures to achieve acceptable results. A major limitation of this method is caused by heterogeneity in the cellular composition of tissue specimens, which frequently confounds data analysis. We introduce a linear model to deconfound gene expression data from tissue heterogeneity for genes exclusively expressed by a single cell type.Methods: Gene expression data are deconfounded from tissue heterogeneity effects by analyzing them using an appropriate linear regression model. In our illustrating data set tissue heterogeneity is being measured using flow cytometry. Gene expression data are determined in parallel by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and microarray analyses. Verification of deconfounding is enabled using protein quantification for the respective marker genes.Results: For our illustrating dataset, quantification of cell type proportions for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and controls revealed differences in B cell and monocyte proportions between both study groups, and thus heterogeneity for the tissue under investigation. Gene expression analyses reflected these differences in celltype distribution. Fitting an appropriate linear model allowed us to deconfound measured transcriptome levels from tissue heterogeneity effects. In the case of monocytes, additional differential expression on the single cell level could be proposed. Protein quantification verified these deconfounded results.Conclusions: Deconfounding of transcriptome analyses for cellular heterogeneity greatly improves interpretability, and hence the validity of transcriptome profiling results.
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| 13. |
- Klein, Gunnar O, 1953-
(author)
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Standardization of health informatics - Results and challenges
- 2002
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - Stuttgart : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 41:4, s. 261-270:1, s. 103-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: This review article aims to highlight the importance of standards for effective communication and provides an overview of international standardization activities.Methods: This article is based on the experience of the author of European standardization in CEN, which he leads, and the global work of ISO, where he is leading the security working group, and an overview of the work of DICOM, IEEE and HL7, partly using their web presentations.Results: Health communication is highly dependent of the general development of information technology with standards coming from ISQ/IEC ITC1, ITU and several other organizations e.g. IETE, the World Wide Web consortium and Open group. A number of standardization initiatives have been in progress for more than ten years with the aim to facilitate different aspects of the exchange of health information. Electronic record architecture, Message structures, Concept representation, Device communication including imaging and Security are the main areas.Conclusions: Important results have been achieved, and in some fields and parts of the worked, standards are widely used today. Unfortunately, we are still facing the fact that most healthcare information systems cannot exchange information with all systems for which this would be desired. Either the existing standards are not sufficiently implemented, or the required standards and necessary national implementation guidelines do not yet exist. This causes unacceptable risks to patients, inefficient use of healthcare resources, and sub optimal development of medical knowledge. Fortunately, the different bodies are now largely co-operating to achieve global consensus.
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| 14. |
- Koch, S, et al.
(author)
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Back on Track
- 2017
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2511-705X .- 0026-1270. ; 56:4, s. 274-275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Koch, S, et al.
(author)
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Methods Refocused
- 2020
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2511-705X .- 0026-1270. ; 59:02/032-03, s. 57-58
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 19. |
- Koch, S, et al.
(author)
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On Bridges and Stacks
- 2016
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - 2511-705X. ; 55:4, s. 299-300
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 20. |
- Koch, S, et al.
(author)
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One Year with Methods Open
- 2017
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - 2511-705X. ; 56:6, s. 414-415
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 21. |
- Mohd Sulaiman, Ismat, et al.
(author)
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Mapping Acute Coronary Syndrome Registries to SNOMED CT. A Comparative Study between Malaysia and Sweden.
- 2017
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 56:4, s. 330-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Malaysia and Sweden have mapped their acute coronary syndrome registries using SNOMED CT. Since similar-purposed patient registries can be expected to collect similar data, these data should be mapped to the same SNOMED CT codes despite the different languages used. Previous studies have however shown variations in mapping between different mappers but the reasons behind these variations and the influence of different mapping approaches are still unknown.OBJECTIVES: To analyze similar-purposed registries and their registry-to-SNOMED CT maps, using two national acute coronary syndrome registries as examples, to understand the reasons for mapping similarities and differences as well as their implications.METHODS: The Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease - Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD-ACS) registry was compared to the Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA). The structures of NCVD-ACS and RIKS-HIA registry forms and their distributions of headings, variables and values were studied. Data items with equivalent meaning (EDIs) were paired and their mappings were categorized into match, mismatch, and non-comparable mappings. Reasons for match, mismatch and non-comparability of each paired EDI were seen as factors that contributed to the similarities and differences between the maps.RESULTS: The registries and their respective maps share a similar distribution pattern regarding the number of headings, variables and values. The registries shared 101 EDIs, whereof 42 % (42) were mapped to SNOMED CT. 45 % (19) of those SNOMED CT coded EDIs had matching codes. The matching EDIs occurred only in pre-coordinated SNOMED CT expressions. Mismatches occurred due to challenges arising from the mappers themselves, limitations in SNOMED CT, and complexity of the registries. Non-comparable mappings appeared due to the use of other coding systems, unmapped data items, as well as requests for new SNOMED CT concepts.CONCLUSIONS: To ensure reproducible and reusable maps, the following three actions are recommended: (i) develop a specific mapping guideline for patient registries; (ii) openly share maps; and (iii) establish collaboration between clinical research societies and the SNOMED CT community.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Oh, J. H., et al.
(author)
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A Factor Analysis Approach for Clustering Patient Reported Outcomes
- 2016
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 55:5, s. 431-439
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In the field of radiation oncology, the use of extensive patient reported outcomes is increasingly common to measure adverse side effects after radiotherapy in cancer patients. Factor analysis has the potential to identify an optimal number of latent factors (i.e., symptom groups). However, the ultimate goal of treatment response modeling is to understand the relationship between treatment variables such as radiation dose and symptom groups resulting from FA. Hence, it is crucial to identify clinically more relevant symptom groups and improved response variables from those symptom groups for a quantitative analysis. Objectives: The goal of this study is to design a computational method for finding clinically relevant symptom groups from PROs and to test associations between symptom groups and radiation dose. Methods: We propose a novel approach where exploratory factor analysis is followed by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the relevant number of symptom groups. We also propose to use a combination of symptoms in a symptom group identified as a new response variable in linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the symptom group and dose-volume variables. Results: We analyzed patient-reported gastrointestinal symptom profiles from 3 datasets in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The final structural model of each dataset was validated using the other two datasets and compared to four other existing FA methods. Our systematic EFA-CFA approach provided clinically more relevant solutions than other methods, resulting in new clinically relevant outcome variables that enabled a quantitative analysis. As a result, statistically significant correlations were found between some dose volume variables to relevant anatomic structures and symptom groups identified by FA. Conclusions: Our proposed method can aid in the process of understanding PROs and provide a basis for improving our understanding of radiation-induced side effects.
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| 24. |
- Repsilber, Dirk, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Sample selection for microarray gene expression studies
- 2005
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - Stuttgart, Germany : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 44:3, s. 461-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The choice of biomedical samples for microarray gene expression studies is decisive for both validity and interpretability of results. We present a consistent, comprehensive framework to deal with the typical selection problems in microarray studies.Methods: Microarray studies are designed either as case-control studies or as comparisons of parallel groups from cohort studies, since high levels of random variation in the experimental approach thwart absolute measurements of gene expression levels. Validity and results of gene expression studies heavily rely on the appropriate choice of these study groups. Therefore, the so-called principles of comparability, which are well known from both clinical and epidemiological studies, need to be applied to microarray experiments.Results: The principles of comparability are the study-base principle, the principle of deconfounding and the principle of comparable accuracy in measurements. We explain each of these principles, show how they apply to microarray experiments, and illustrate them with examples. The examples are chosen as to represent typical stumbling blocks of microarray experimental design, and to exemplify the benefits of implementing the principles of comparability in the setting of microarray experiments.Conclusions: Microarray studies are closely related to classical study designs and therefore have to obey the same principles of comparability as these. Their validity should not be compromised by selection, confounding or information bias. The so-called study-base principle, calling for comparability and thorough definition of the compared cell populations, is the key principle for the choice of biomedical samples and controls in microarray studies.
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| 25. |
- Repsilber, Dirk, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Tutorial on microarray gene expression experiments : An introduction
- 2005
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - Stuttgart, Germany : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 44:3, s. 392-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: With the collection of articles presented in this special issue, we aim at educating interested statisticians and biometricians on the one hand as well as biologists and medical researchers on the other with respect to basic necessities in planning, conducting and analyzing microarray gene expression experiments. The reader should get comprehensive directions to understand both the overall structure of this approach as well as the decisive details, which enable--or thwart--a meaningful data analysis.Methods: For a one-day workshop with tutorial character we brought together experts in design, conduct and analysis of microarray gene expression experiments who prepared a series of comprehensive lessons. These contributions were then reworked into a series of introductory articles and bundled in form and content as a Special Topic.Results: It was possible to present a tutorial overview of the field. The interested reader was able to learn the basic necessities and was referred to further references for details on the possible alternatives. A recipe style all-embracing plan, covering all eventualities and possibilities was not only beyond the scope of an introductory tutorial-like presentation, but was also not yet agreed upon by the scientific society.Conclusions: It proved feasible to find a framework for integrating the interdisciplinary approaches to the challenging field of gene expression analysis with microarrays, hopefully contributing to a rapid and comprehensive introduction for novices.
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| 26. |
- Repsilber, Dirk, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Two-color microarray experiments. Technology and sources of variance
- 2005
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - Stuttgart, Germany : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 44:3, s. 400-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Microarray gene expression experiments have a complex technical background. Knowledge about certain technical details is inevitable to judge alternatives for both experimental design and analysis. Here, we introduce the necessary details for the so-called two-color microarray experiments and review major sources of technical variance.Methods: We follow the sequence of experimental steps during a typical two-color microarray gene expression experiment, stressing decisive points in the choice of technique, experimental handling and biophysical basics. We point out where technical variation is to be expected.Results: Tissue storage, RNA extraction techniques, as well as the microarray hybridization represent major components of technical variance to be considered. Depending on the possibilities for access to the biomedical material under investigation, choice of amplification and labeling techniques can also be decisive to avoid additional technical variance. The two-color microarray experimental approach seeks to avoid a group of probe-level technical biases making use of the advantages of an incomplete block-design.Conclusions: It is worth to know the major sources of technical variance during the typical experimental sequence, both for choice of experimental design and techniques of molecular biology, as well as for the understanding of quality control and normalization approaches. Here, early investments pay at the level of reduced technical variance, allowing for enhanced detection levels for the effects under investigation.
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| 27. |
- Riggare, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Patient-driven N-of-1 in Parkinson's Disease. Lessons Learned from a Placebo-controlled Study of the Effect of Nicotine on Dyskinesia
- 2017
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - 2511-705X. ; 56:99, s. e123-e128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: New insights and knowledge in biomedical science often come from observation and experimentation. Methods traditionally used include self-experimentation, case reports, randomised controlled trials, and N-of-1 studies. Technological advances have lead to an increasing number of individuals and patients engaging in self-tracking. We use the term patient-driven N-of-1 for self-tracking performed with the explicit intention to disseminate the results by academic publishing.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to: 1) explore the potential role for patient-driven N-of-1 studies as a tool for improving self-management in Parkinson's disease (PD) using the example of managing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) with nicotine, and 2) based on this example; identify some specific challenges of patient-driven N-of-1 studies.METHODS: We used a placebo controlled patient-driven N-of-1 study with nicotine administered via e-cigarette to treat LID. The first author initiated and conducted the experiment on herself and noted her observations. The evaluations of the potential of N-of-1 for improving self-management of PD as well as the effects of nicotine on dyskinesia were based on the perception of the subject. During the planning and undertaking of the experiment, notes were made to identify challenges specific to patient-driven N-of-1 studies.RESULTS: The subject was able to distinguish a decrease of her LID from nicotine but no effect from placebo. The main challenges of patient-driven N-of-1 studies were identified to be associated with planning of the study, recruiting a suitable research team, making sure the data collection is optimal, analysis of data, and publication of results.CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that nicotine administered via e-cigarette may have an effect on levodopa-induced dyskinesia in individual patients with PD. The main contribution is however highlighting the work done by patients on a daily basis for understanding their conditions and conducting self-tracking experiments. More work is needed to further develop methods around patient-driven N-of-1 studies for PD.
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| 28. |
- Rossander, Anna, 1980, et al.
(author)
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A State-of-the Art Review of SNOMED CT Terminology Binding and Recommendations for Practice and Research
- 2021
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In: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 60
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Unambiguous sharing of data requires information models and terminology in combination, but there is a lack of knowledge as to how they should be combined, leading to impaired interoperability. Objectives: To facilitate creation of guidelines for SNOMED CT terminology binding we have performed a literature review to find existing recommendations and expose knowledge gaps. The primary audience is practitioners and researchers working with terminology binding. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for papers containing “terminology binding,” “subset,” “map,” “information model” or “implement” and the term “SNOMED.” Results: The search yielded 616 unique papers published from 2004 to 2020, from which 55 papers were selected and analyzed inductively. Topics described in the papers include problems related to input material, SNOMED CT, information models, and lack of appropriate tools as well as recommendations regarding competence. Conclusion: Recommendations are given for practitioners and researchers. Many of the stated problems can be solved by better co-operation between domain experts and informaticians and better knowledge of SNOMED CT. Settings where these competences either work together or where staff with knowledge of both act as brokers are well equipped for terminology binding. Tooling is not thoroughly researched andmight be a possible way to facilitate terminology binding.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Tan, SSL, et al.
(author)
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Big Data and Analytics in Healthcare
- 2015
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In: Methods of information in medicine. - 2511-705X. ; 54:6, s. 546-547
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 31. |
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