| 1. |
- Broström, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Elite European Universities and the R&D Subsidiaries of Multinational Enterprises
- 2009
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2009). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848440012
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter analyzes why large multinational firms are willing to invest resources in long-term collaboration with leading universities. This chapter is based on interviews with the multinationals at universities in Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The issue of how and why multinational corporations are willing to invest in longer-term collaboration with universities relates back to the core of the ‘positive’ interpretation of the knowledge society for Europe – namely how to remain attract node for R&D. This chapter thus moves to the perspective of the firm, in their interactions with university-based researchers active in top universities in different fields.
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| 2. |
- Deiaco, Enrico, et al.
(author)
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From Social Institution to Knowledge Business
- 2009
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2009). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781848440012 - 978 1 84844 001 2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter analyzes the main results, in terms of the four horizontal themes, namely ‘Emergent Strategies; Diversification and Specialization; Rethinking University-Industry Relations; and ‘Reflections’ This part of the chapter focuses upon what we have learnt theoretically and empirically about European universities learning to compete, through this book. The main focus of this chapter is on the implications for the future, of this new competitive regime, as universities, institutes of technologies and colleges move from social institutions to knowledge businesses. The future implications are presented in terms of restructuring the university sector at the macro level and in terms of strategies at the micro level. Hence, these conclusions are particularly relevant both for public policy and for decision-makers within universities, at all levels ranging from heads of research groups to vice chancellors and presidents.
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| 3. |
- Deiaco, Enrico, et al.
(author)
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What Does it Mean Conceptually that Universities Compete?
- 2009
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2009). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781848440012 - 978 1 84844 001 2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter asks what competition may mean for universities and other higher education institutions. The modern rhetoric states that universities compete but is hardly very precise in formulating what this entails. This chapter describes an evolutionary economics and innovation management perspective for understanding international trends and the responses of specific universities, but also comments upon the limits to such competition as regulated by government, laws etc. The chapter portrays universities as knowledge based service providers with a set of different stakeholders (students, firms, governments). From a selection perspective, the chapter analyses what type of outputs these stakeholders are interested in and what metrics there are in terms of assessing these outputs. This analysis is conducted in terms of characteristics of the university sectors in terms of value, resources and appropriation for education, research and ‘innovation’. This chapter thus addresses what competition and transformation mean for universities, focusing on universities within a global sector providing knowledge-based services.
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| 4. |
- Lissoni, Francesco, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Academic Patenting in France, Italy and Sweden
- 2009
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2009). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781848440012 - 978 1 84844 001 2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter asks whether national institutions determine patenting behaviour of academics located in three different European countries. The chapter uses the CESPRI database on EPO patents, in connection with cleaned patent data, and gathered by researcher, for each of the three countries over the period 1978 to 2004. We would expect differing national institutions affect propensity to patent. However, the results indicate that the patenting patterns are similar across the countries, and also within scientific disciplines across countries. Comparisons are made with evidence from the USA, indicating similar levels of academic patenting and firm involvement. The chapter thus focuses upon the patenting of academics at the individual level, and uses that data to describe the patenting behaviour in terms of countries and disciplines.
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| 5. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Polarization of the Swedish University Sector: Structural Characteristics and Positioning
- 2009
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2009). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781848440012 - 978 1 84844 001 2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter relates the structural characteristics of Swedish universities, to the propensity of different categories of university to attract external research funding, including industry financing. Existing literature about the ability of universities to obtain research grants in general, and to obtain industrial funding for research in particular, have focused on questions such as the quality of the research performed, the impact of informal networks in creating constructed communities, and the ‘Matthew effect’ for indiv¬idual researchers. While these streams of literature raise interesting relevant issues about the quality and orientation of research, this paper takes a different angle. By addressing structural characteristics, the chapter is related to debates about the need for critical mass and excellence, not only within research groups but also within universities. These notions leads firstly to a categorization of the Swedish university sector, and secondly to the ability of the different universities to obtain external research funding. The chapter draws upon a national database of statistical material reported to the government and additional sources to test these ideas. This chapter thus addresses the university sector in Sweden, based on time-scale data at the micro-level of specific universities.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, Mats, 1968, et al.
(author)
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The Forgotten Individuals in the Commercialization of Science: Attitudes and skills in relation to commercialization in Sweden
- 2008
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2008). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - Cheltenham UK : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781848440012 - 978 1 84844 001 2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter addresses whether and why individual researchers have the skills and attitudes necessary for commercialization in Sweden, and place this in relation to the services provided by the university for commercialization. The Swedish innovation system has been focused upon explicitly organizing the support structure of an individual university, and includes services such as technology transfer offices, access to patent attorneys, localities of science parks, consultancy for business plans and setting up companies, etc. Much current public policy and also the strategy documents of specific universities stress the need to build such large-scale systems. This chapter analyzes commercialization and patenting, through a questionnaire to 1200 Swedish university researchers, with a 24% response rate. The researchers work within six research fields, namely fluid mechanics, wood technology, biotechnology, computer science, automatic control and inorganic chemistry. The questionnaire of Swedish academics also includes research groups at different universities within these fields. All research centres financed by the strategic research grants had a mission to both develop ‘high quality science’ and to ‘promote interaction with industry’ within their field. This chapter thus turns the question from the national innovation system towards skills and attitudes of the individual researcher.
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| 8. |
- McKelvey, Tomas, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Introduction
- 2008
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In: McKelvey, M. and M. Holmén (2008). Learning to Compete European Universities: From Social Institutions to Knowledge Business. - 9781848440012
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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