| 1. |
- Akerman, H. Jonas, et al.
(author)
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En "ny fjäril"
- 2023
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In: Det nya Svalbard. - 0044-0477. ; , s. 98-113
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Akerman, H. Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Svalbards nya klimat
- 2023
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In: Det nya Svalbard. - 0044-0477. ; 143, s. 54-77
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kamb, Anneli, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Klimatpåverkan från svenska befolkningens internationella flygresor. Metodutveckling och resultat för 1990 – 2014
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Flygets klimatpåverkan är stor och ökande för rika länder som Sverige. Dagens produktionsbaserade uppföljningssystem bygger på hur mycket flygplanen tankar i respektive land (bunkring) och återspeglar bara utsläppen till första mellanlandning. I denna rapport utvecklas en beräkningsmetod som återspeglar utsläppen från den svenska befolkningens internationella flygresor. Metodiken appliceras sedan för tidsperioden 1990-2014 med hjälp av både resvaneundersökningar och totalstatistik. Beräkningarna visar att antalet internationella resor som svenska invånare gör har ökat med 130 % från 1990 till 2014. Den genomsnittliga flygsträckan för en tur-och-retur-resa har emellertid inte förändrats avsevärt under tidsperioden. Utsläppen per person-km har dock minskat med 37 % mellan 1990 och 2014. År 2014 var utsläppen 190g CO2-ekvivalenter per person-km. En betydande andel av denna effektivisering kan tillskrivas en ökning av kabinfaktorn. De totala utsläppen från svenska invånares internationella flygresor ökade drastiskt 1993-2000, fluktuerade kring samma nivå under perioden 2000-2009, för att sedan åter öka från 2010. När effekterna av utsläpp på hög höjd inkluderas så närmar sig utsläppen 11 Mt CO2-ekvivalenter för 2014 vilket ungefär motsvarar utsläppen från alla personbilstransporter i Sverige. Utvecklingen av utsläpp från flyget kan jämföras med de totala klimatpåverkande utsläppen som Sverige orsakar. Medan utsläppen från svenska invånares internationella flygresor har ökat med 61 % sedan 1990 så har Sveriges officiellt rapporterade totala utsläpp från samtliga sektorer minskat med 24 %. Utan effektiva klimatstyrmedel för flyget riskerar utsläppen från flygandet att bli större än de totala officiella utsläppen redan år 2040.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Jörgen, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from international air travel of a country's residents methodological development and application for Sweden
- 2018
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In: Environmental Impact Assessment Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 72, s. 137-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global civil aviation accounts for 4–5% of total greenhouse gas emissions and these emissions are increasing. In the absence of sufficiently effective global climate instruments, national instruments might be considered as a complement, in which case some way of allocating emissions from international air travel between countries is needed. The purpose of this paper is to develop an accounting method that reflects one country's greenhouse gas emissions from international air travel, and to apply this methodology to Sweden. The new methodology consists of three parts: the number of international air trips made by the country's residents; the average distance of these trips; and the greenhouse gas emissions per passenger km. For Sweden, data for 1990 to 2014 show an increase in the number of trips by Sweden's population of 3.6% per year, resulting in, on average, one international journey (round trip 5800 km) per capita in 2014. The average distance to the final destination has increased only marginally due to simultaneous growth in both long and short trips. However, global average greenhouse gas emissions per passenger km have decreased by 1.9% per year between 1990 and 2014. Because the increase in the number of their trips has outweighed the decrease in emissions per km, the total emissions from Swedish residents' international air travel have increased by 61% between 1990 and 2014. The total emissions from Swedish residents' air travel, including both CO2and non-CO2-effects, were 11 Mt CO2equivalents in 2014, which is the same level as the emissions from Swedish car traffic. This type of reliable data is important when designing policies and for getting public support for new policies.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Jörgen, 1966, et al.
(author)
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SvD Debatt: Forskare - Ohållbart att vi svenskar flyger allt mer
- 2016
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In: Svenska Dagbladet.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utsläppen från svenskarnas internationella flygresor riskerar att bli högre än hela Sveriges övriga rapporterade utsläpp år 2040. Nu krävs politiska styrmedel för att vända denna ohållbara utveckling, skriver fyra forskare.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Åkerman, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Forskare: Så ser vi på alternativen till flygskatt
- 2017
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In: Dagens Samhälle. - : Dagens samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Sverige och andra länder behöver driva på för att etablera starka internationella styrmedel för att få ner utsläppen från flyget. Detta kommer dock att ta många år. Med tanke på den snabba ökningen av utsläpp krävs därför också temporära styrmedel om Parismålen ska kunna nås.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Åkerman, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Low-carbon scenarios for long-distance travel 2060
- 2021
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In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 99
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In many industrialised countries, the climate impact from long-distance travel is greater than that from short-distance travel. In this paper, we present five scenarios for long-distance travel in 2060, which are consistent with a 67% probability of limiting global warming to 1.8 degrees. The scenarios concern travel by the Swedish population, but per capita travel volume and fuel use could be generalised globally. A key result is that all scenarios require reductions in Swedish per capita air travel in the range of 38–59% compared to 2017. The direct effect on air travel of implementing a high-speed rail network in Sweden and Northern Europe was found to be modest. A higher emission reduction could be achieved if mixed mode trips comprising rail and air legs were more widely adopted. Finally, the pros and cons of future aviation fuels are discussed, the main candidates being biofuel, electrofuel, and liquid hydrogen.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Åkerman, Jonas, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Styrmedel för att begränsa det globala flygets klimatpåverkan – ett svenskt perspektiv. Uppdaterad och korrigerad version 200702
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den globala, kommersiella luftfartens koldioxidutsläpp beräknas 2018 ha uppgått till drygt 900 miljoner ton. Det motsvarar ca 2,5 procent av de globala, energirelaterade koldioxidutsläppen, som i sin tur beräknas svara för 75-80 procent av den av mänskliga aktiviteter orsakade förstärkningen av växthuseffekten. Inkluderas även s.k. höghöjdseffekter, som orsakas av flygtrafik på höjder över cirka 8 000 meter, ökar andelen väsentligt. Beträffande inrikesflyg har alla länder, åtminstone på pappret, stora möjligheter att genom egna beslut påverka flygets klimatpåverkan med hjälp av t.ex. bränsleskatter. Även klimateffekter från internationellt flyg kan i viss mån påverkas med nationella åtgärder, t.ex. passagerarskatter eller krav om biobränsleinblandning. Förutsättningarna för effektiva, nationella åtgärder avgörs dock i hög grad av det internationella regelverket. Den främsta möjligheten för Sverige att bidra till att den internationella luftfartens klimatpåverkan begränsas är att påverka EUs agerande. Reglerna för EUs utsläppshandeln är avgörande, liksom reglerna för beskattning av flygbränsle. För att Sverige ska kunna påverka det globala regelverket är ett samlat agerande med övriga EU centralt. Klimatpåverkan från det internationella flyget berörs inte i Paris-avtalet, utan hanteras istället inom ICAO, FNs luftfartsorgan. ICAO bildades för att främja den civila luftfarten, vilket kan ha bidragit till att organisationen har varit sen och långsam när det gällt att ta sig an klimatproblemen. 2016 beslöts dock att etablera CORSIA, ett system för utsläppskompensation som ska börja fungera 2021. Målet med CORSIA är inte primärt att minska utsläppen från flyget. Istället är syftet att skapa en mekanism för flygbolagen att kompensera för den ökning av utsläppen från internationell flygtrafik jämfört med 2019/2020 som förväntas. I besluten om CORSIA sägs att de deltagande länderna inte får tillämpa andra, parallella ekonomiska styrmedel. EU-länderna har trots detta förklarat att flyget även fortsättningsvis ska omfattas av utsläppshandel, samtidigt som man försäkrat att den internationella flygtrafiken till och från EU-länderna ska inkluderas i CORSIA fr.o.m. 2021. Hur detta ska fungera, och om flygindustrin och resten av världen kommer att acceptera agerandet, är oklart. Inom EU och enskilda medlemsstater pågår parallellt en diskussion om att beskatta flygbränsle för såväl inrikes- som internationell trafik, en åtgärd som sannolikt kan komma att ifrågasättas av resten av världen, bl.a. med hänvisning till CORSIA. Samtidigt kan livskraften hos CORSIA ifrågasättas. Stora länder som Kina, Indien, Ryssland och Brasilien har distanserat sig från systemet, och väntas delta tidigast från 2027. Hur allvarlig en kollaps för CORSIA skulle vara från klimatsynpunkt kan diskuteras – de incitament för att begränsa utsläppen som systemet ger är svaga samtidigt som svårigheterna att hitta kompensationsåtgärder som är effektiva och trovärdigt additionella är uppenbara och väl kända. Mot denna bakgrund identifieras följande handlingsalternativ för den svenska klimatpolitiken inom luftfartsområdet. (Förslagen baserade på läget vid årsskiftet 2019/2020.) 1. Reformering av EUs utsläppshandel a. Höjning av den linjära reduktionsfaktorn (=begränsa den ytterligare utgivningen av utsläppsrätter) b. Minskad gratistilldelning av utsläppsrätter c. Incitament för minskade höghöjdseffekter 2. EUs utsläppshandel är viktigare än CORSIA a. Verka för att flygtrafik inom EES inte ska omfattas av CORSIA b. Hålla öppet för att utvidga utsläppshandeln till ”full scope” (=allt flyg till/från flygplatser inom EES) c. Bjuda in länder utanför EES att delta i en utsläppshandel för flyget 3. Reformering av EU-regler kring beskattningen av flyget a. Slopande av förbudet mot beskattning av flygbränsle – EU-gemensam minimiskatt på flygbränsle b. Verka för att momsfrågan löses 4. Nationella styrmedel a. Passagerarskatt b. Differentiering av landningsavgifterna c. Samarbete kring beskattning av flygbränsle med andra intresserade länder inom ECAA (EES + Balkanländerna) d. Reduktionsplikt även för flyget. Utred möjligheterna att på sikt koncentrera den fysiska inblandningen av biodrivmedel till flyg med destination utanför EES.
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| 16. |
- Albrecht, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Electrification of vehicles – policy drivers and impacts in two scenarios.
- 2013
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In: Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets. - Oxford, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118446072
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter examines current policy drivers of battery electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs, the current and anticipated impacts on carbon emissions, as well as what potential role policy can play in enhancing the innovation system and market development around such vehicles in the future. We start with a policy review of key targets in the Nordic countries and the EU, up to 2030, and discuss to what extent they are consistent with industry and expert estimates of how the systems can grow. On the basis of this, the second part elaborates two simple scenarios of EV development in the EU: one breakthrough expansion scenario and one incremental expansion scenario. Building on that is an analysis of the climate impacts of the two scenarios, given different assumptions relating to, for example, electricity production as well as EV penetration in the fleet. The third part examines what policy drivers might be needed to enable the breakthrough scenario, using a technological innovation systems perspective to describe the needed processes, drivers and developments.
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| 17. |
- Albrecht, Martin
(author)
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Enabling socio-technical transitions – electric vehicles and high voltage electricity grids as focal points of low emission futures
- 2017
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Today humankind is facing numerous sustainability challenges that require us to question CO2 intensive practices like those present in the transport and energy sector. To meet those challenges, many countries have adopted ambitious climate targets. Achieving such targets requires an understanding of the wider socio-technical context of transitions. The aim of this licentiate thesis is therefore to analyse such socio-technical transitions towards low-emission futures enabled by the electrification of passenger cars and high voltage grid development.A combination of different transitions theories (for ex. Multi-level perspective and Technological innovation systems) and institutional theory has been used. To reach the aim paper I analyses the climate impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) and policy measures to achieve a breakthrough scenario for EVs. The results show that a mixture of short and long term policies are needed that take into account the technology development stage and behavioural aspects of EV adopters. Paper II addresses the need to include the high voltage transmission grid and its planning procedures as a central part of debates on transitions. Therefore the opportunities, challenges and reasons for conflict in the established regime are studied. The results show that in order to achieve a sustainable grid development regime, it is necessary to spend time on achieving legitimacy and social sustainability. The third paper uses semi-structured expert interviews and focuses on innovation dynamics for EV adoption. By focusing on dynamics instead of single policy measures, it is possible to grasp interactions within a niche, but also in between a niche, regime and landscape. The results show that strong initial technology legitimacy was needed to start substantial innovation dynamics. This could be further strengthened with a strong and broad coalition of actors. Both those factors led, if present, to an improved variety and match of policy instruments.As such this thesis has shown that transitions are not just about technology or policy instruments as such but about the dynamics and processes needed to enable them. This can be relevant in other transitions that otherwise may underestimate the importance of these components.
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| 18. |
- Albrecht, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Nordic power road map 2050:Strategic choices towards carbon neutrality. D4.2.R Policy and Institutional Review Electric Vehicles (EV).
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report examines policy drivers of electric vehicles (EVs), and what potential role policy can play in enhancing the innovation and market development of EVs. We start with a policy review of key targets in the Nordic countries and the EU, up to 2030, and discuss to what extent they are consistent with industry, government and expert estimates of how the EV innovation systems can grow. On the basis of this, the second part examines what policy drivers might be needed to enable a breakthrough scenario, using a technological innovation systems (TIS) perspective to describe the needed processes, drivers and developments in policy and technology.
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| 19. |
- Alvegård, Thor, et al.
(author)
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Cellular DNA content and prognosis of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group experience
- 1990
-
In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 8:3, s. 538-547
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The nuclear DNA content of 148 high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and trunk was determined by flow cytometry, using tumor material from paraffin-embedded tissue. The patients were part of a prospective randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of adjuvant single-agent chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Chemotherapy did not improve the metastasis-free survival (MFS). After a median follow-up time of 48 months (range, 2 to 97), a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for developing metastatic disease was performed. DNA aneuploidy was found to be an independent prognostic risk factor in addition to histologic malignancy grade IV, intratumoral vascular invasion, tumor size over 10 cm, and male sex. Patients with none or one risk factor had a 5-year MFS of 79%, with two risk factors 65%, with three risk factors 43%, and with four and five risk factors 0%. About one half (78 of 148) of the patients with three factors or less belonged to a group with a MFS over 60%. The combination of different risk factors, including DNA aneuploidy, seems to be a useful prognostic model for soft tissue sarcomas, which could be of value to select high-risk patients for further trials with adjunctive therapy.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bainsla, Lakhan, et al.
(author)
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Ultrathin Ferrimagnetic GdFeCo Films with Low Damping
- 2022
-
In: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:23, s. 2111693-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ferromagnetic materials dominate as the magnetically active element in spintronic devices, but come with drawbacks such as large stray fields and low operational frequencies. Compensated ferrimagnets provide an alternative as they combine the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of antiferromagnets with a ferromagnet-like spin-orbit-torque behavior. However, to use ferrimagnets in spintronic devices their advantageous properties must be retained also in ultrathin films (t < 10 nm). In this study, ferrimagnetic Gdx(Fe87.5Co12.5)1−x thin films in the thickness range t = 2–20 nm are grown on high resistance Si(100) substrates and studied using broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements at room temperature. By tuning their stoichiometry, a nearly compensated behavior is observed in 2 nm Gdx(Fe87.5Co12.5)1−x ultrathin films for the first time, with an effective magnetization of (Formula presented.) = 0.02 T and a low effective Gilbert damping constant of α = 0.0078, comparable to the lowest values reported so far in 30 nm films. These results show great promise for the development of ultrafast and energy efficient ferrimagnetic spintronic devices.
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| 23. |
- Banister, David, et al.
(author)
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Transport Policy Scenarios for the EU : 2020 Images of the Future
- 2000
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In: Innovation. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is essential to take a longer term view if sustainable mobility is to become a reality. This paper takes a perspective to 2020 and constructs Images of the future which conform to the principles of sustainable mobility. Set at the EU level, clear environmental, regional development and efficiency targets are set, within which strategies are developed, based on different combinations of technological innovation and the decoupling of economic growth from transport growth. The external political situation is taken as given with either a move towards greater co-operation (and extension) or towards greater fragmentation (and regionalisaization) in Europe. The three Images of the future (2020) demonstrate that challenging targets for sustainable mobility can be achieved through a range of different policy actions within the transport sector and more widely. Immediate action is required and even more difficult choices will have to be made in the EU 15, if large-scale extension of the EU takes place. Improvements in vehicle technology alone will not achieve the targets. More fundamental changes have to take place in the way in which people make travel choices and in the means by which freight is transported. All of these measures must involve less travel, more efficient and cleaner travel modes.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Blinge, Magnus, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Trafikverket på kollisionskurs med klimatmålen
- 2015
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In: Göteborgs Posten. - 1103-9345. ; :2015-12-12
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Trafikverket räknar med en kraftig ökning av trafiken för både personbilar och lastbilar i sin nya infrastrukturplan, detta trots att Sveriges klimatmål kräver raka motsatsen. Det finns anledning för regeringen att snarast ge Trafikverket tydliga direktiv att i sin planering utgå från att klimatmålen ska nås, skriver en lång rad professorer och forskare.
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| 26. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(author)
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Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems : Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
- 2011
-
In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 705-716
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the responses of tundra systemsto global change has global implications. Most tundraregions lack sustained environmental monitoring and oneof the only ways to document multi-decadal change is toresample historic research sites. The International PolarYear (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such researchthrough the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project#512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 paperswithin this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes includeglacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increasedsnow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, andincreased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden;drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availabilityin Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at mostlocations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relativelyminor plant community change at two sites in Greenland tomoderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increasesin shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarcticSweden. The population of geese tripled at one sitein northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plotsdoubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTFstudy forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds andincreases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado overthe next century. In general, results support and provideimproved capacities for validating experimental manipulation,remote sensing, and modeling studies.
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| 27. |
- Cao, Gaolong, et al.
(author)
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Femtosecond laser driven precessing magnetic gratings
- 2021
-
In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 13:6, s. 3746-3756
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manipulation and detection of spins at the nanoscale is of considerable contemporary interest as it may not only facilitate a description of fundamental physical processes but also plays a critical role in the development of spintronic devices. Here, we describe the application of a novel combination of transient grating excitation with Lorentz ultrafast electron microscopy to control and detect magnetization dynamics with combined nanometer and picosecond resolutions. Excitation of Ni80Fe20 thin film samples results in the formation of transient coherently precessing magnetic gratings. From the time-resolved results, we extract detailed real space information of the magnetic precession, including local magnetization, precession frequency, and relevant decay factors. The Lorentz contrast of the dynamics is sensitive to the alignment of the in-plane components of the applied field. The experimental results are rationalized by a model considering local demagnetization and the phase of the precessing magnetic moments. We envision that this technique can be extended to the study of spin waves and dynamic behavior in ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems.
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| 28. |
- Christensen, Torben, et al.
(author)
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Thawing sub-arctic permafrost : Effects on vegetation and methane emissions
- 2004
-
In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 31:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecosystems along the 0degreesC mean annual isotherm are arguably among the most sensitive to changing climate and mires in these regions emit significant amounts of the important greenhouse gas methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. These CH4 emissions are intimately related to temperature and hydrology, and alterations in permafrost coverage, which affect both of those, could have dramatic impacts on the emissions. Using a variety of data and information sources from the same region in subarctic Sweden we show that mire ecosystems are subject to dramatic recent changes in the distribution of permafrost and vegetation. These changes are most likely caused by a warming, which has been observed during recent decades. A detailed study of one mire show that the permafrost and vegetation changes have been associated with increases in landscape scale CH4 emissions in the range of 22-66% over the period 1970 to 2000.
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| 29. |
- Christiansen, H. H., et al.
(author)
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The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007-2009
- 2010
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In: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1099-1530 .- 1045-6740. ; 21:2, s. 156-181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides a snapshot of the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009. Several intensive research campaigns were undertaken within a variety of projects in the Nordic countries to obtain this snapshot. We demonstrate for Scandinavia that both lowland permafrost in palsas and peat plateaus, and large areas of permafrost in the mountains are at temperatures close to 0 degrees C, which makes them sensitive to climatic changes. In Svalbard and northeast Greenland, and also in the highest parts of the mountains in the rest of the Nordic area, the permafrost is somewhat colder, but still only a few degrees below the freezing point. The observations presented from the network of boreholes, more than half of which were established during the IPY, provide an important baseline to assess how future predicted climatic changes may affect the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area. Time series of active-layer thickness and permafrost temperature conditions in the Nordic area, which are generally only 10 years in length, show generally increasing active-layer depths and risings permafrost temperatures. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Fasth, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Small and medium-sized enterprises response to Covid-19: The effect of external openness and procedural management
- 2023
-
In: International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship. - : SAGE Publications. - 0266-2426 .- 1741-2870. ; 41:5, s. 465-487
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Crisis management research is strongly influenced by the behaviour of large multinationals with few insights into how small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) mitigate the negative effects of exogenous shocks such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Inspired by the capability-based view on crisis management, we postulate that management openness and degree of interactivity determine SME crisis response. We test our theoretical model with an original dataset of 902 Swedish SMEs compiled from a telephone-based survey conducted in June 2020. We find that formalised procedures for crisis management and openness to input from others, particularly external actors, enhances an organisation’s ability to make a decisive rapid response. We discuss our findings and suggest that formalised procedures and openness are important components of an SME’s rapid response capability.
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| 32. |
- Fearnley, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Best practices and recommendations on policy packaging
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report, which is the final deliverable of the Optic project (Optimal Policies for Transport In Combination), summarises two years of collaborative research into the policy process of combining individual measures into policy packages.Six stages of the policy process are identified. This report gives practical and general advice for each of these stages:Define objectives and targetsCreate an inventory of measures, identify potential primary measures and detect causal relationshipsAssess policy packageModify packagePackage implementationEvaluate effects, introduce remedial actionsIn addition, this report explores in further detail indicators and tools for the assessment of policy packages; the management of barriers; and issues of transferability.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Lägg Förbifarten i malpåse
- 2009
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In: Svenska dagbladet. - : Hb Svenska dagbladets AB & Co. - 1101-2412. ; :24-04-09
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 35. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Not planning a sustainable transport system : Swedish case studies
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of World Renewable Energy Congress 2011.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The overall objective of the Swedish transport policy is to ensure the economically efficient and sustainable provision of transport services for people and business throughout the country. More specifically the transport sector shall contribute to the achievement of environmental quality objectives where the development of the transport system plays an important role in the achievement of the objectives. The aim of this study is to analyse if current transport planning supports this policy. This is done by analyzing two recent cases: the national infrastructure plan 2010-2021 and the planning of Bypass Stockholm, a major road investment. Our results show that the plans are in conflict with several of the environmental quality objectives. Another interesting aspect of the planning processes is that the long-term climate goals are not included in the planning processes, neither as a clear goal nor as factor which will influence the future transport system. In this way the long-term sustainability aspects are not present in the planning. We conclude that the two cases do not contribute to a sustainable transport system. Thus, several changes must be made in the processes, including putting up clear targets for emissions.
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| 36. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Not planning a sustainable transport system
- 2014
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In: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 46, s. 53-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The overall objective of the Swedish transport policy is to ensure the economically efficient and sustainable provision of transport services for people and business throughout the country. More specifically, the transport sector shall, among other things, contribute to the achievement of environmental quality objectives in which the development of the transport system plays an important role in the achievement of the objectives. The aim of this study is to analyse if current transport planning supports this policy. This is done by analysing two recent cases: the National Infrastructure Plan 2010-2021, and the planning of Bypass Stockholm, a major road investment. Our results show that the plans are in conflict with several of the environmental quality objectives. Another interesting aspect of the planning processes is that the long-term climate goals are not included in the planning processes, neither as a clear goal nor as factor that will influence future transport systems. In this way, the longterm sustainability aspects are not present in the planning. We conclude that the two cases do not contribute to a sustainable transport system. Thus, several changes must be made in the processes, including putting up clear targets for emissions. Also, the methodology for the environmental assessments needs to be further developed and discussed.
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| 37. |
- Finnveden, Göran, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Redovisa hur vi ska klimatmålen, Bildt
- 2013
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In: Expressen. - 0345-2425. ; :27/4, s. 4-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- I en artikel i Expressen den 24 mars hyllar Carl Bildt det ökade resandet. Han skriver om dess fördelar. De är vi överens om.Det är när han skriver om resandets nackdelar som det blir konstigt.
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| 38. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Underkänt till både Maud och Maria
- 2010
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In: Expressen. - : AB Kvällstidningen Expressen. - 1103-923X. ; , s. 4-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 39. |
- Gisnås, Kjersti, et al.
(author)
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Permafrost Map for Norway, Sweden and Finland
- 2017
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In: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1045-6740 .- 1099-1530. ; 28:2, s. 359-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A research-based understanding of permafrost distribution at a sufficient spatial resolution is important to meet the demands of science, education and society. We present a new permafrost map for Norway, Sweden and Finland that provides a more detailed and updated description of permafrost distribution in this area than previously available. We implemented the CryoGRID1 model at 1km(2) resolution, forced by a new operationally gridded data-set of daily air temperature and snow cover for Finland, Norway and Sweden. Hundred model realisations were run for each grid cell, based on statistical snow distributions, allowing for the representation of sub-grid variability of ground temperature. The new map indicates a total permafrost area (excluding palsas) of 23 400km(2) in equilibrium with the average 1981-2010 climate, corresponding to 2.2 per cent of the total land area. About 56 per cent of the area is in Norway, 35 per cent in Sweden and 9 per cent in Finland. The model results are thoroughly evaluated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, as a collaboration project including permafrost experts in the three countries. Observed ground temperatures from 25 boreholes are within +/- 2 degrees C of the average modelled grid cell ground temperature, and all are within the range of the modelled ground temperature for the corresponding grid cell. Qualitative model evaluation by field investigators within the three countries shows that the map reproduces the observed lower altitudinal limits of mountain permafrost and the distribution of lowland permafrost.
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| 40. |
- Givoni, Moshe, et al.
(author)
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Inventory of measures, typology of non-intentional effects and a framework for policy packaging
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This document represents the conceptual foundations of the EU-FP7 OPTIC project. As such, it seeks to provide a range of theoretical resources with which to develop an informed and pragmatic understanding of the complex causal processes involved in contemporary transport policy-making at the European level. Specifically, this deliverable aims to further methodological advancement with respect to the identification, classification, ex-ante prevention and ex-post mitigation of policies' unintended effects, and the systematic manner in which individual policy measures may be combined so as to improve their effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility. Overall, we argue that policy packaging can offer a far greater potential for achieving policy targets and objectives than single policy measures deployed in isolation. Yet, a careful and relatively well designed process must be undertaken for such packages to be effective.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Non-intentional effects of transport policies
- 2010
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In: European Transport Conference, October 11-13, 2010, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A wide variety of policy measures and interventions can be applied in order to promote efficient, accessible and sustainable transport systems. However it is widely recognized that transport systems are complex and their performance depends on multiple factors. It is therefore a significant challenge to ensure that policies actually lead towards their intended objectives, and to avoid unanticipated negative side-effects within and beyond the transport sector. One way to approach this challenge is to adopt integrated policy packages where measures supplement each other and compensate for expected negative effects of individual measures. A key element in a systematic approach for policy packaging must be to enable the identification in advance of non-intentional effects of individual or joint policy measures. This paper develops a typology of non-intentional effects of transport policy measures as part of a methodology for policy packaging in the OPTIC research project. The paper first establishes the need to address systematically unintended effects and then proceeds to unfold the dimensions of the typology with concrete examples along the way. Ways to use the typology is discussed in the final section of the paper.
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| 44. |
- Gulz, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Datorspelets mening och potential
- 2009
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In: Lärande och IT. - : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173312899 ; , s. 139-150
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vad kan man lära sig av att spela datorspel? Den som spelar finner nog frågan tämligen ointressant. För spelaren är vitsen med spelandet inte att lära sig något. Meningsfulla frågor är istället: Vad kan jag göra med det här spelet? Vilka regler har jag att förhålla mig till och hur kan jag hantera dem? Hur kan jag komma vidare i spelet? Hur gör jag för att vinna?Många barn och ungdomar, och även vuxna för den delen, tillbringar idag delar av sin tillvaro med att spela datorspel. För många är datorspelandet också ett stort intresse som upptar många timmar. Uppenbarligen finns det starka drivkrafter som gör att man ägnar sig åt att spela datorspel. Det ligger då nära till hands att fundera både över om spelandet kan ha någon positiv eller negativ effekt på individens utveckling och lärande. För pedagoger blir det också intressant att fundera över om datorspel kan ha någon potential som redskap i undervisningen. Men för att kunna förstå datorspelandets eventuella negativa eller positiva effekter behöver vi först förstå datorspelets speciella struktur och den mening som spelandet har för spelarna själva. För en sådan förståelse kan forskningen ge ett viktigt bidrag.
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| 45. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Beskatta det smutsiga flyget
- 2007
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In: Svenska dagbladet. - Oslo, Norge : Schibsted ASA. - 1101-2412. ; 2007-11-12:Brännpunkt
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
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| 46. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(author)
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Strategies to manage barriers in policy formation and implementation of road pricing packages
- 2014
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In: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 60, s. 40-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the transport policy domain, as in other highly-contested spheres of public policy, it is commonplace for certain policy measures to emerge as promising only to then remain unimplemented. Road pricing is one example of a theoretically well-developed transport policy measure that has proven notoriously difficult to decide and implement. There are however lessons to learn from practice on how to manage barriers to policy formation and implementation also within this field. Drawing on the congestion charging schemes implemented in London in 2003 and Stockholm in 2006, and the Swiss Heavy Vehicle Fee scheme implemented in 2001, this paper identifies a selection of strategies which appear to have supported the policymakers' capacity to implement effective road pricing schemes. Together, these three examples offer a sound empirical basis from which to infer a set of strategies for the formulation and implementation of politically-contentious road pricing packages addressing issues of measure combination, flexibility, legitimacy, communication, timing and organisational dynamics. While acknowledging the primacy of broader external and contextual issues, the conclusion is that taking inspiration from the strategies identified in this paper may increase the likelihood of successful policy package processes.
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| 47. |
- Hylen, Bertil, et al.
(author)
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Challenges and barriers for a sustainable transport system : exploring the potential to enact change
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report is divided into three parts; the first part summarizes the results from a workshopconducted within the TRANSFORuMproject. The second part presents the results of interviewscarried out with different experts discussing the different goals and their perceptionsof what might prevent or delay appropriate implementation. The third part is based on a literature reviewdiscussing how to overcome or remove the various barriersand challenges. The overall aim ofthe studies presented in this report is to identify barriers but also to present necessary steps which need to be takenin order to help achieving the goals.The term "Barrier" relates to something which prevents some form of progress or movement, while "Challenge" can be something difficult but also something which is regarded as stimulating; or an opportunity.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Jacobson, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Tipping to staying on the ground : Internalized knowledge of climate change crucial for transformed air travel behavior
- 2020
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Air travel accounts for a major share of individual greenhouse gas emissions, particularly for people in high-income countries. Until recently, few have reduced flying because of climate concerns, but currently, a movement for staying on the ground is rising. Sweden has been a focal point for this movement, particularly during 2018–2019, when a flight tax was introduced, and air travel reduction was intensely discussed in the media. We performed semi-structured interviews with Swedish residents, focusing primarily on individuals who have reduced flying because of its climate impact. We explore how such individual transformation of air travel behavior comes about, and the phases and components of this process. Applying a framework of sustainability transformation, we identify incentives and barriers in personal and political spheres. We show that internalized knowledge about climate change and the impact of air travel is crucial for instigating behavioral change. Awareness evokes negative emotions leading to a personal tipping point where a decision to reduce or quit flying is made. However, the process is often counteracted by both personal values and political structures promoting air travel. Even individuals with a strong drive to reduce flying feel trapped in social practices, norms and infrastructures. Hence, we argue that personal and political spheres interact complexly and to reduce flying at larger scales, interventions are needed across spheres, e.g., change of norms, effective policy instruments and better alternatives to air travel.
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| 50. |
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