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1.	Engvall, Jan, et al. (author) Moderately trained male football players, compared to sedentary male adults, exhibit anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling, a cross-sectional study 2021 In: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BMC. - 1476-7120. ; 19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Elite athletes have been the subject of great interest, but athletes at an intermediate level of physical activity have received less attention in respect to the presence of cardiac enlargement and/or hypertrophy. We hypothesized that playing football, often defined as demanding less endurance components than running or cycling, would still induce remodelling similar to sports with a dominating endurance component. Methods 23 male football players, age 25+/- 3.9 yrs. underwent exercise testing, 2D- and 3D- echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The results were compared with a control group of engineering students of similar age. The athletes exercised 12 h/week and the control subjects 1 h/week, p < 0.001. Results The football players achieved a significantly higher maximal load at the exercise test (380 W vs 300 W, p < 0.001) as well as higher calculated maximal oxygen consumption, (49.7 vs 37.4 mL x kg(- 1) x min(- 1), p < 0.001) compared to the sedentary group. All left ventricular (LV) volumes assessed by 3DEcho and CMR, as well as CMR left atrial (LA) volume were significantly higher in the athletes (3D-LVEDV 200 vs 154 mL, CMR-LVEDV 229 vs 185 mL, CMR-LA volume 100 vs 89 mL, p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.009 respectively). LVEF and RVEF, LV strain by CMR or by echo did not differentiate athletes from sedentary participants. Right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain, LA and right atrial (RA) strain by CMR all showed similar results in the two groups. Conclusion Moderately trained intermediate level football players showed anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling compared to sedentary males.
2.	Engvall, Jan, 1953-, et al. (author) Recalibration of calculated VO2max against measured VO2max 2021 Other publication
3.	Landberg, Eva, et al. (author) Disialo–trisialo bridging of transferrin is due to increased branching and fucosylation of the carbohydrate moiety 2012 In: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 414, s. 58-64 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundCarbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for detection of alcohol abuse and follow-up. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of transferrin glycoforms is highly specific for identification of alcohol abuse, but unresolved disialo- and trisialotransferrin glycoforms sometimes makes interpretation difficult. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, cannot be explained by genetic variants of transferrin, but seems to be associated with liver disease.MethodsNineteen serum samples showing di–tri bridging when analyzed by HPLC were collected. Transferrin was purified by affinity chromatography, and N-linked oligosaccharides were released enzymatically. The N-glycans were further analyzed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.ResultsThe HPLC-analysis showed three different types of glycoform patterns. The N-glycans from fifteen samples showed patterns with increased number of triantennary structures containing one or two fucose residues. One sample contained an increased amount of triantennary glycans without fucose. Three samples showed a glycosylation pattern similar to normal transferrin.ConclusionsThe di–tri bridging phenomenon was associated with alterations in transferrin glycosylation in the majority of cases. Transferrin contained a higher extent of triantennary and often fucosylated N-linked oligosaccharides. These results may be important in future diagnostic approaches to liver diseases.
4.	Leal, Gabriela Ferraz, et al. (author) Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of Phenotypes Caused by Pathogenic Variants in PLOD2 2018 In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 33:4, s. 753-760 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a strikingly heterogeneous group of disorders with a broad range of phenotypic variations. It is also one of the differential diagnoses in bent bone dysplasias along with campomelic dysplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia and can usually be distinguished by decreased bone mineralization and bone fractures. Bent bone dysplasias also include syndromes such as kyphomelic dysplasia (MIM:211350) and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (MIM249710), both of which have been under debate regarding whether or not they are a real entity or simply a phenotypic manifestation of another dysplasia including OI. Bruck syndrome type 2 (BRKS2; MIM:609220) is a rare form of autosomal recessive OI caused by biallelic PLOD2 variants and is associated with congenital joint contractures with pterygia. In this report, we present six patients from four families with novel PLOD2 variants. All cases had multiple fractures. Other features ranged from prenatal lethal severe angulation of the long bones as in kyphomelic dysplasia and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon through classical Bruck syndrome to moderate OI with normal joints. Two siblings with a kyphomelic dysplasia-like phenotype who were stillborn had compound heterozygous variants in PLOD2 (p.Asp585Val and p.Ser166). One infant who succumbed at age 4 months had a bent bone phenotype phenotypically like skeletal dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (with mesomelic shortening, camptodactyly, retrognathia, cleft palate, skin dimples, but also with fractures). He was homozygous for the nonsense variant (p.Trp561). Two siblings had various degrees of Bruck syndrome caused by the homozygous missense variant, p.His687Arg. Furthermore a boy with a clinical presentation of moderate OI had a possibly pathogenic homozygous variant p.Trp588Cys. Our experience of six patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in PLOD2 expands the phenotypic spectrum in the PLOD2-related phenotypes.
5.	Activity Report: Automatic Control 1980-1982 1982 Reports (other academic/artistic)
6.	Activity Report: Automatic Control 1990-1991 1991 Reports (other academic/artistic)
7.	Activity Report: Automatic Control 1994-1995 1995 Reports (other academic/artistic)
8.	Andersson, Kristofer, et al. (author) Mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 and dental aberrations in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta - A retrospective cohort study 2017 In: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of connective tissue, caused mainly by mutations in the collagen I genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2). Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and other dental aberrations are common features of OI. We investigated the association between collagen I mutations and DGI, taurodontism, and retention of permanent second molars in a retrospective cohort of 152 unrelated children and adolescents with OI. The clinical examination included radiographic evaluations. Teeth from 81 individuals were available for histopathological evaluation. COL1A1/2 mutations were found in 104 individuals by nucleotide sequencing. DGI was diagnosed clinically and radiographically in 29% of the individuals (44/152) and through isolated histological findings in another 19% (29/152). In the individuals with a COL1A1 mutation, 70% (7/10) of those with a glycine substitution located C-terminal of p. Gly305 exhibited DGI in both dentitions while no individual (0/7) with a mutation N-terminal of this point exhibited DGI in either dentition (p = 0.01). In the individuals with a COL1A2 mutation, 80% (8/10) of those with a glycine substitution located C terminal of p. Gly211 exhibited DGI in both dentitions while no individual (0/5) with a mutation N-terminal of this point (p = 0.007) exhibited DGI in either dentition. DGI was restricted to the deciduous dentition in 20 individuals. Seventeen had missense mutations where glycine to serine was the most prevalent substitution (53%). Taurodontism occurred in 18% and retention of permanent second molars in 31% of the adolescents. Dental aberrations are strongly associated with qualitatively changed collagen I. The varying expressivity of DGI is related to the location of the collagen I mutation. Genotype information may be helpful in identifying individuals with OI who have an increased risk of dental aberrations.
9.	Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (author) Determination of right ventricular volume and function using multiple axially rotated MRI slices 2011 In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 233-239 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Pandgt;Background: The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for right ventricular (RV) volume and motion, using short-axis (SA) orientation, is limited by RV anatomy and shape. We suggest an orientation based on six slices rotated around the long axis of the RV, rotated long axis (RLA). Materials and methods: Three phantoms were investigated in SA and RLA using cine balanced steady-state free precession MRI. Volumes were calculated based on segmentation and checked against true volumes. In 23 healthy male volunteers, we used six long-axis planes from the middle of the tricuspid valve to the RV apex, rotated in 30 degrees increments. For comparison, short-axis slices were acquired. Imaging parameters were identical in both acquisitions. Results: Right ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) and stroke volumes (SV) determined in the RLA 179 center dot 1 +/- 29 center dot 3; 80 center dot 1 +/- 17 center dot 1; 99 center dot 3 +/- 16 center dot 9 ml and in the SA were 174 center dot 0 +/- 21 center dot 1; 78 center dot 8 +/- 13 center dot 6; 95 center dot 3 +/- 14 center dot 5 ml with P-values for the difference from 0 center dot 17 to 0 center dot 64 (ns). Interobserver variability ranged between 3 center dot 2% and 6 center dot 6% and intraobserver variability between 2 center dot 8% and 6 center dot 8%. In SA views, consensus for the definition of the basal slice was necessary in 39% of the volunteers for whom the average volume change was 20% in ESV and 10% in EDV. Conclusions: The RLA method results in better visualization and definition of the RV inflow, outflow and apex. Accurate measurement of RV volumes for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac diseases are enhanced by the RLA orientation, even though additional acquisition time is required.
10.	Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (author) Evaluation of Right and Left Ventricular Function Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their First Degree Relatives Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Introduction and aim: The identification of right ventricular abnormalities in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in early stages is still difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking can detect subtle right (RV) or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as an early sign of ARVC. Methods and results: Seventeen male patients, fulfilling Task force criteria for ARVC, 49 (32-70) years old, nineteen male first degree relatives 29 (19-73) y.o. and twenty-two healthy male volunteers 36 (24-66) y.o participated in the study. Twelve-lead and signal-averaged electrocardiograms were recorded. All subjects underwent echocardiography. LV and RV diameters, peak systolic velocity from tissue Doppler and longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking were measured from the basal and mid segments in both ventricles. RV longitudinal strain measurement was successful in first degree relatives and controls (95 resp. 86%) but less feasible in patients (59%). Results were not systematically different between first degree relatives and controls. Using discriminant analysis, we then developed an index based on echocardiographic parameters. All normal controls had an index Conclusion: Longitudinal strain of LV and RV segments was significantly lower in patients than in relatives and controls. An index was developed incorporating dimensional and functional echocardiographic parameters. In combination with genetic testing this index might help to detect early phenotype expression in mutation carriers.
11.	Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (author) Novel plakophilin2 mutation. Three generation family with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 2012 In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 46:2, s. 72-75 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: The autosomal dominant form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)has been linked to mutations in desmosomal proteins. Different studies have shown that amutation in plakophilin-2 (PKP 2) is a frequent genetic cause for ARVC. We describe a newmutation in the PKP2 gene, the genotype-phenotype variation in this mutation and its clinicalconsequences. Design: Individuals in a three generation family were investigated after the sudden cardiac death of a young male. Clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, endomyocardial biopsy and genetic testing were performed. Results: A novel heterozygote mutation, a c.368G>A transition, located in exon 3 of the PKP2 gene was found (p.Trp123X). The phenotype was characterized by arrhythmia at an early age in some individuals, with mild abnormalities on imaging. However a relative carrying this mutation, with positive findings on endomyocardial biopsy had an otherwise normal phenotype, for 16 years, whereas a relative fulfilling the modified Task Force Criteria for ARVC turned out to be a non-carrier. Conclusions: This shows the variable penetrance and phenotypic expression in ARVC and highlights the need of genetic testing as well as a thorough phenotype examination as a part of the investigations in ARVC pedigrees.
12.	Asplund, Sofia, et al. (author) Self-rated exhaustion disorder and associated health-related factors among municipal employees in rural areas of northern Sweden 2021 In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; , s. 659-668 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study among municipal employees in rural areas of northern Sweden were to assess the prevalence of self-rated exhaustion disorder (s-ED), describe plausible between-group differences in self-reported health-related factors among employees with or without s-ED, and identify health-related factors associated with s-ED.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 1093 municipal employees (76.1% women) in two rural areas using an instrument measuring s-ED and health variables drawn from the Modern Worklife Questionnaire (MWQ), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the National Board of Health and Welfare's questions about physical activity. Comparisons were made between an s-ED and a non-s-ED group. Health-related factors associated with s-ED were identified through a logistic regression.RESULTS: Self-rated exhaustion disorder was reported by 21.5% of the participants. Health-related factors associated with s-ED were cognitive problems, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, high stress, poor self-rated health, and stomach problems. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of participants who met the criteria of physical activity among s-ED and non-s-ED group.CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that s-ED is more common among municipal employees in rural areas than in other working populations in Sweden. Several health-related factors were associated with s-ED. Regular use of a self-rated instrument in evaluating the organizational and social work environment can identify people at risk of developing exhaustion disorder and requiring long-term sick leave.
13.	Bergström Lind, Sara, et al. (author) Immunoaffinity Enrichments Followed by Mass Spectrometric Detection for Studying Global Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation 2008 In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 7:7, s. 2897-2910 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues regulates important cell functions and is, when dysregulated, often crucially involved in oncogenesis. It is therefore important to develop and evaluate methods for identifying and studying tyrosine phosphorylated (P-Tyr) proteins. P-Tyr proteins are present at very low concentrations within cells, requiring highly selective enrichment methods to be detected. In this study, we applied immunoaffinity as enrichment step for P-Tyr proteins. Five selected anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies (monoclonal antibodies 4G10, PY100, PYKD1, 13F9 and one polyclonal antiserum) were evaluated with respect to their capability to enrich P-Tyr proteins from cell extracts of the K562 leukemia cell line. The enrichment resulted in the detection of a group of proteins that potentially were tyrosine-phosphorylated (putative P-Tyr proteins). High accuracy identification of actual P-Tyr sites were performed using a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LC-FTMS) setup with complementary collision activated dissociation (CAD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) fragmentations. 4G10 and PY100 antibodies recognized the greatest number of putative P-Tyr proteins in initial screening experiments and were therefore further evaluated and compared in immunoaffinity enrichment of both P-Tyr proteins and peptides. Using the 4G10 antibody for enrichment of proteins, we identified 459 putative P-Tyr proteins by MS. Out of these proteins, 12 were directly verified as P-Tyr proteins by MS analysis of the actual site. Using the PY100 antibody for enrichment of peptides, we detected 67 P-Tyr peptides (sites) and 89 putative P-Tyr proteins. Generally, enrichment at the peptide level made it difficult to reliably determine the identity of the proteins. In contrast, protein identification following immunoaffinity enrichment at the protein level gave greater sequence coverage and thus a higher confidence in the protein identification. By combining all available information, 40 proteins were identified as true P-Tyr proteins from the K562 cell line. In conclusion, this study showed that a combination of immunoaffinity enrichment using multiple antibodies of both intact and digested proteins in parallel experiments is required for best possible coverage of all possible P-Tyr proteins in a sample.
14.	Bergström, Maria, et al. (author) Elucidating the selectivity of recombinant forms of Aleuria aurantia lectin using weak affinity chromatography 2012 In: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 885, s. 66-72 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aberrant glycosylation is connected to several pathological conditions and lectins are useful tools to characterize glycosylated biomarkers. The Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) is of special interest since it interacts with all types of fucosylated saccharides. AAL has been expressed in Escherichia coil as a fully functional recombinant protein. Engineered variants of AAL have been developed with the aim of creating monovalent lectins with more homogenous binding characteristics. Four different forms of AAL were studied in the present work: native AAL purified from A. aurantia mushrooms, recombinant AAL dimer, recombinant AAL monomer and recombinant AAL site 2 (S2-AAL). The affinities of these AAL forms toward a number of saccharides were determined with weak affinity chromatography (WAC). Disaccharides with fucose linked alpha 1-3 to GIcNAc interacted with higher affinity compared to fucose linked alpha 1-6 or alpha 1-4 and the obtained dissociation constants (K-d) were in the range of 10 mu M for all AAL forms. Tetra- and pentasaccharides with fucose in alpha 1-2, alpha 1-3 or alpha 1-4 had K-d values ranging from 0.1 to 7 mM while a large alpha 1-6 fucosylated oligosaccharide had a K-d of about 20 mu M. The recombinant multivalent AAL forms and native AAL exhibited similar affinities toward all saccharides, but S2-AAL had a lower affinity especially regarding a sialic acid containing fucosylated saccharide. It was demonstrated that WAC is a valuable technique in determining the detailed binding profile of the lectins. Specific advantages with WAC include a low consumption of non-labeled saccharides, possibility to analyze mixtures and a simple procedure using standard HPLC equipment.
15.	Bertilsson, Jan, et al. (author) Hållbara matvägar – referens- och lösningsscenarier för mjölkproduktion och framställning av konsumtionsmjölk och lagrad ost. 2014 Reports (other academic/artistic)
16.	Carlén, Anna, et al. (author) Exercise-induced ST depression in an asymptomatic population without coronary artery disease 2019 In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 53:4, s. 206-212 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives. Exercise electrocardiogram (ExECG) in low risk populations frequently generates false positive ST depression. We aimed to characterize factors that are associated with exercise-induced ST depression in asymptomatic men without coronary artery disease. Design. Cycle ergometer exercise tests from 509 male firefighters without imaging proof of significant coronary artery disease were analysed. Analysed test data included heart rate at rest before exercise, and workload, blood pressure, heart rate, ST depression and ST segment slope at peak exercise. ST depression of amp;gt;0.1 mV was considered significant (STdep). With a mean follow-up of 6.1 +/- 1.7 years, medical records were reviewed for cardiovascular diagnoses, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was used for risk assessment. Results. In total, 22% had STdep in amp;gt;= 1 lead. Subjects with STdep were older than those with normal ExECG (p amp;lt; .001). Downsloping STdep was more common in extremity leads (9%) than in precordial leads (2%). STdep was categorized according to location (precordial/extremity) and slope direction into eight categories. Larger age-adjusted heart rate increase predicted STdep in seven categories (p amp;lt; .05). Age-adjusted peak heart rate correlated with STdep in five categories, predominantly where the ST slope was positive. Peak blood pressure and exercise capacity were both associated with STdep in few categories. We found no association between STdep and hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes (all p amp;gt; .05). Conclusions. In asymptomatic men with a physically demanding occupation and no coronary artery disease, both age and heart rate response were associated with ST depression, whereas common cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure response and exercise capacity were not.
17.	Carlén, Anna, 1985- (author) Exercise Testing in Firefighters : Work Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in a Low-Risk Population 2019 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Background. Firefighting is one of the most physically demanding occupations and it requires a high cardiorespiratory fitness level.Pre-duty medical evaluation of firefighters includes fitness testing and assessment of cardiac health to ensure that firefighters meet the minimum physical fitness standard and to ensure that they are not at increased risk of cardiac events. The medical evaluation methods for Swedish firefighters are regulated by the Swedish Work Environment Authority and include a 6 min constant workload treadmill (TM) test for fitness evaluation in which the firefighter wears full smoke diving equipment and a maximal effort exercise electrocardiography test (ExECG) at cycle ergometer (CE) for assessment of cardiac health. Previously, fitness was also evaluated by cycle ergometry.The standard parameter for evaluation of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is exercise-induced ST depression. In general, exercise testing of asymptomatic low-risk individuals is discouraged due to low sensitivity and specificity for IHD, generating both false-positive and false-negative test results. Heart rate (HR) adjustment of the ST-segment response has been shown to be superior to simple ST depression to evaluate cardiac ischaemia in some populations, but has not been extensively evaluated in an occupational setting.Methods. We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 774 firefighters who were asymptomatic at the time of the testing.In paper I, test approval, HR response, and calculated oxygen uptake from TM tests and CE tests for 424 firefighters (44±10 years) were compared.Paper II methodologically described the process for data extraction, processing, and calculation of ExECG data from a clinical database. Procedures for noise assessment, error checking, and computerized calculation of ST/HR parameters were described.In paper III, ExECG and medical records of 521 male firefighters (44±10 years) were studied. During 8.4 ± 2.1 years of follow-up, IHD was verified angiographically in 12 subjects. The predictive value of HR-adjusted ST variables (ST/HR index, ST/HR slope, and ST/HR loop) for IHD was evaluated.In paper IV, subjects with objectively verified IHD were excluded and factors associated with exercise-induced nonischaemic ST depression were studied in the remaining 509 males (46±11 years). Results. The firefighters had an average maximal exercise capacity of 281 ± 36 W (range 186-467 W) achieved by incremental CE exercise. To enable comparison, the maximal workload was converted to the workload sustainable for 6 min. It was more common to pass the 6 min TM fitness test but to fail the supposedly equivalent CE test rather than vice versa.Twenty percent of the firefighters developed an ST depression of ≥o.1 mV in at least one lead during exercise and half of the firefighters had a horizontal or downsloping ST depression. While an abnormal ST response associated with an increased risk for IHD only in V4, both an abnormal ST/HR index and an abnormal ST/HR slope associated with IHD in three leads each. Clockwise rotation of the ST/HR loop was infrequent in all precordial leads (1%), but it associated with an increased risk for IHD.In the subgroup without evidence of coronary artery disease, age and the HR response associated with ST depression, whereas hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, blood pressure response, and exercise capacity did not. Conclusions. Even though the calculated oxygen uptake was higher for the TM test than for the supposedly equivalent CE test, the higher treadmill approval rate may indicate that the fitness requirement for Swedish firefighters has been lowered by changing the test modality.Exercise-induced ST depression was common in asymptomatic physically active men, although there were only a few cases of IHD during follow-up. If performing ExECG in asymptomatic, low-risk populations, ST/HR analysis could be given more importance. However, the limited clinical value of ExECG in low-risk populations was emphasised and needs to be reconsidered.In asymptomatic, physically active men without coronary artery disease, false-positive ST depressions can be partially explained by HR variables rather than by common cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure response to exercise.
18.	Carlén, Anna, et al. (author) Loaded treadmill walking and cycle ergometry to assess work capacity : a retrospective comparison in 424 firefighters. 2017 In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 37:1, s. 37-44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The fitness of firefighters is regularly evaluated using exercise tests. We aimed to compare, with respect to age and body composition, two test modalities for the assessment work capacity. A total of 424 Swedish firefighters with cycle ergometer (CE) and treadmill (TM) tests available from Jan 2004 to Dec 2010 were included. We compared results from CE (6 min at 200 W, 250 W or incremental ramp exercise) with TM (6 min at 8° inclination, 4·5 km h(-1) or faster, wearing 24-kg protective equipment). Oxygen requirements were estimated by prediction equations. It was more common to pass the TM test and fail the supposedly equivalent CE test (20%), than vice versa (0·5%), P<0·001. Low age and tall stature were significant predictors of passing both CE and TM tests (P<0·05), while low body mass predicted accomplishment of TM test only (P = 0·006). Firefighters who passed the TM but failed the supposedly equivalent CE test within 12 months had significantly lower body mass, lower BMI, lower BSA and shorter stature than did those who passed both tests. Calculated oxygen uptake was higher in TM tests compared with corresponding CE tests (P<0·001). Body constitution affected approval differently depending on the test modality. A higher approval rate in TM testing suggests lower cardiorespiratory requirements compared with CE testing, even though estimated oxygen uptake was higher during TM testing. The relevance of our findings in relation to the occupational demands needs reconsidering.
19.	Carlén, Anna, 1985-, et al. (author) ST/HR variables in firefighter exercise ECG : relation to ischemic heart disease 2019 In: Physiological Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2051-817X. ; 7:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Exercise electrocardiography (ExECG) is regularly performed by Swedish firefighters by law. Heart rate-corrected analysis of ST segment variables (ST/HR) has shown improved prediction of ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared to ST depression alone. This has not previously been extensively studied in asymptomatic persons with a low probability of IHD. We therefore evaluated the predictive performance of ST/HR analysis in firefighter ExECG. ExECG was studied in 521 male firefighters. During 8.4 ± 2.1 years, 2.3% (n = 12) were verified with IHD by catheterization or myocardial scintigraphy (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and were compared with firefighters without imaging proof of IHD (44.2 ± 10.1 years). The predictive value of ST depression, ST/HR index, ST/HR slope, and area and rotation of the ST/HR loop was calculated as age-adjusted odds ratios (OR), in 10 ECG leads. Predictive accuracy was analyzed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. ST/HR index ≤-1.6 μV/bpm and ST/HR slope ≤-2.4 μV/bpm were associated with increased IHD risk in three individual leads (all OR > 1.0, P < 0.05). ST/HR loop area lower than the fifth percentile of non-IHD subjects indicated IHD risk in V4, V5, aVF, II, and -aVR (P < 0.05). ST depression ≤-0.1 mV was associated with IHD only in V4 (OR, 9.6, CI, 2.3-40.0). ROC analysis of each of these variables yielded areas under the curve of 0.72 or lower for all variables and leads. Clockwise-rotated ST/HR loops was associated with increased risk in most leads compared to counterclockwise rotation. The limited clinical value of ExECG in low-risk populations was emphasized, but if performed, ST/HR analysis should probably be given more importance.
20.	Christel, Stephan, et al. (author) Comparison of Boreal Acid Sulfate Soil Microbial Communities in Oxidative and Reductive Environments 2019 In: Research in Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0923-2508 .- 1769-7123. ; 170:6-7, s. 288-295 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Due to land uplift after the last ice age, previously stable Baltic Sea sulfidic sediments are becoming dry land. When these sediments are drained, the sulfide minerals are exposed to air and can release large amounts of metals and acid into the environment. This can cause severe ecological damage such as fish kills in rivers feeding the northern Baltic Sea. In this study, five sites were investigated for the occurrence of acid sulfate soils and their geochemistry and microbiology was identified. The pH and soil chemistry identified three of the areas as having classical acid sulfate soil characteristics and culture independent identification of 16S rRNA genes identified populations related to acidophilic bacteria capable of catalyzing sulfidic mineral dissolution, including species likely adapted to low temperature. These results were compared to an acid sulfate soil area that had been flooded for ten years and showed that the previously oxidized sulfidic materials had an increased pH compared to the unremediated oxidizied layers. In addition, the microbiology of the flooded soil had changed such that alkalinity producing ferric and sulfate reducing reactions had likely occurred. This suggested that flooding of acid sulfate soils mitigates their environmental impact.
21.	Coelho, Vera, et al. (author) Preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the United States 2021 In: Early Childhood Research Quarterly. - : Elsevier BV. - 0885-2006 .- 1873-7706. ; 55, s. 79-96 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Across countries, there are important differences related to the goals, organization, and educational philosophies of care provided to young children prior to formal schooling. Those differences are likely reflected in the classroom practices and teacher-child interactions within a country's early childhood education and care (ECEC) classrooms. This study aims to evaluate the within-country relevance of two classroom observation measures primarily based on a behavioral count approach focused on teacher and child behaviors; and to examine preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the U.S., as they reflect each country's ECEC goals, organization, and educational philosophies. Participants are 78 preschool settings in Sweden, 42 in Portugal, and 168 in the U.S. Results show that the measures targeted culturally-relevant behaviors and provided inter-rater reliability for the behavior count variables in the three countries. Future collaborations may address additional culturally-specific variables. The behavioral descriptions yielded by combining behavioral counts of the measures are analyzed by researchers from the relevant country for insights to the country's values related to early childhood as well as current debates regarding care for children. Measures that provide comprehensive descriptions of classroom settings and apply minimal external or comparative value judgments on the behaviors observed are of practical utility for collaborative international work.
22.	Drake, Henrik, 1979-, et al. (author) Activity of sulfur reducing bacteria in deep bedrock fractures revealed by variability of δ34S in pyrite and dissolved sulphate 2013 In: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. - : Elsevier. - 1878-5220. ; 7, s. 228-231 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Euhedral pyrite crystals coating 46 granite fractures at depths down to nearly 1 km at Laxemar, Sweden, were analysed for sulfur isotopes (δ34Spyr) by in situ SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) analysis. Most of these fractures had corresponding chemical and isotopic groundwater data, providing a unique opportunity of pyrite-sulfate comparison within the same fracture network. Comparison of the isotopic ratios (δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr) of co-genetic calcite with the groundwater showed that the sampled fractures carried pyrite and calcite that are of low-temperature origin, and with some exceptions, possibly precipitated from the present groundwater, or similar pre-modern fluids.The δ34Spyr showed huge variations across individual crystals (such as -32 to +73‰) and an extreme overall range (-50‰ to +91‰), which can only be explained by the activity of sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB). The most common sub-grain features were an increase in δ34Spyr with crystal growth related to successively higher δ34SSO4 caused by ongoing SRB activity and Rayleigh fractionation in fractures with low flow. The groundwater δ34SSO4 values (+9 to +37‰) are, in particular in the sulfate-poor waters down to -400 m, higher than the anticipated initial values, and this can also be explained by SRB-related Rayleigh distillation. The δ34SSO4 of the groundwater is, however, lower than that required to produce the highest δ34Spyr values, which may be due to the signal of groundwater in low-flow fractures (carrying 34S-rich sulfate and pyrite) being masked in the water data by high-flow parts of the water-flowing structure carrying abundant and less fractionated sulfate.
23.	Drake, Henrik, et al. (author) Extreme fractionation and micro-scale variation of sulphur isotopes during bacterial sulphate reduction in deep groundwater systems 2015 In: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 161, s. 1-18 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study conducted at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, SE Sweden, determines the extent and mechanisms of sulphur-isotope fractionation in permanently reducing groundwater in fractured crystalline rock. Two boreholes > 400 m below the ground surface were investigated. In the 17-year-old boreholes, the Al instrumentation pipes had corroded locally (i.e., Al[oxy] hydroxides had formed) and minerals (i.e., pyrite, iron monosulphide, and calcite) had precipitated on various parts on the equipment. By chemically and isotopically comparing the precipitates on the withdrawn instrumentation and the borehole waters, we gained new insight into the dynamics of sulphate reduction, sulphide precipitation, and sulphur-isotope fractionation in deep-seated crystalline-rock settings. An astonishing feature of the pyrite is its huge variability in delta S-34, which can exceed 100 parts per thousand in total (i.e., -47.2 to +53.3 parts per thousand) and 60 parts per thousand over 50 mu m of growth in a single crystal. The values at the low end of the range are up to 71 parts per thousand lower than measured in the dissolved sulphate in the water (20-30 parts per thousand), which is larger than the maximum difference reported between sulphate and sulphide in pure-culture experiments (66 parts per thousand) but within the range reported from natural sedimentary settings. Although single-step reduction seems likely, further studies are needed to rule out the effects of possible S disproportionation. The values at the high end of the range (i.e., high delta S-34(py)) are much higher than could be produced from the measured sulphate under any biogeochemical conditions. This strongly suggests the development of closed-system conditions near the growing pyrite, i.e., the rate of sulphate reduction exceeds the rate of sulphate diffusion in the local fluid near the pyrite, causing the local aqueous phase (and thus the forming pyrite) to become successively enriched in heavy S (S-34). Consequently, the delta S-34 values of the forming pyrite become exceptionally high and strongly decoupled from the delta S-34 values of the sulphate in the bulk fluid. The Al-(oxy) hydroxide and calcite precipitates are explained by a combination of deposit and galvanic corrosion initiated by Al corrosion by H2S produced by sulphate-reducing microorganisms. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
24.	Drake, Henrik, 1979-, et al. (author) Trace metal distribution and isotope variations in low-temperature calcite and groundwaters in granitoid fractures down to 1 km depth 2012 In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 84, s. 217-238 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Studies of low-temperature fracture calcite in Proterozoic or Archaean crystalline rocks are very limited, mainly becausethis calcite usually is, first, not very abundant and second, very fine-grained or forms rims on older (and much more abundant)hydrothermal calcite and is thus difficult to distinguish. Knowledge of chemical characteristics and the correlation withgroundwater chemistry is thus scarce for low-temperature calcite in these settings, and consequently, knowledge of the recentpalaeohydrogeological history is limited. Boreholes drilled with triple-tube technique in the upper 1 km of the Palaeoproterozoiccrystalline crust at Laxemar, SE Sweden, have enabled preservation of fragile and potentially recently formed fractureminerals. Earlier investigations of these boreholes have resulted in an extensive set of groundwater chemistry data from variousdepths, and in detailed knowledge of the fracture mineral assemblages (ranging from 1.8 Ga to present). This has made itpossible to identify and sample low-temperature, potentially recently formed, calcite from water-flowing fractures for whichrepresentative groundwater chemical data exists. This, in turn, provides an opportunity to detailed comparisons of fracturecalcite (age span in the order of million years, with possibility of post-glacial contributes) and groundwater (age in the order ofdecades to more than a million year depending on depth) in terms of both isotopic and geochemical properties, giving input tothe understanding of groundwater history, partition coefficients derived in laboratory experiment, and reliability of calcitegeochemistry in terms of representing the actual source fluid composition. In this study, the focus is on trace elements (Fe,Mg, Mn and Sr), stable isotopes and Sr isotopes and, for the groundwater data set, also aquatic speciation with Visual MINTEQ.An optimised step-by-step sample specific analytical procedure was used for the collection of calcite coatings. The methodsused depended on the crystal homogeneity (one or several calcite generations), discerned by detailed SEM-investigations(back-scatter and cathodo-luminescence). 87Sr/86Sr ratios as well as d18O signatures in calcite are in the range expected for theprecipitates from present-day groundwater, or older groundwater with similar composition (except in sections with a considerableportion of glacial water, where calcite definitely is older than the latest glaciation). Stable carbon isotopes in calcitegenerally show values typically associated with HCO3 originating from soil organic matter but at intermediate depth frequentlywith HCO3 originating from in situ microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (highly depleted d13C). For one ofthe studied metals – manganese – there was a strong correlation between the sampled calcite coatings and hypothetical calcitepredicted by applying laboratory-based partition coefficients (literature data) on groundwater chemistry for sections correspondingto those where the calcites were sampled. This points to temporal and spatial stability in groundwater Mn/Ca ratiosover millions of years, or even more, and show that it is possible to assess, based on laboratory-derived data on Mn partitioning,past groundwater Mn-composition from fracture calcites. For other metals – Fe, Sr, and Mg – which are expected to interact with co-precipitating minerals to a higher degree than Mn, the correlations between measured and predicted calcitewere weaker for various reasons.
25.	Drake, Henrik, et al. (author) Variability of sulphur isotope ratios in pyrite and dissolved sulphate in granitoid fractures down to 1km depth - Evidence for widespread activity of sulphur reducing bacteria 2013 In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 102, s. 143-161 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Euhedral pyrite crystals in 46 open bedrock (granitoid) fractures at depths down to nearly 1 km were analysed for sulphur isotope ratios (delta S-34) by the in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique and by conventional bulk-grain analysis, and were compared with groundwater data. Twenty nine of the fractures sampled for pyrite had corresponding data for groundwater, including chemistry and isotopic ratios of sulphate, which provided a unique opportunity to compare the sulphur-isotopic ratios of pyrite and dissolved sulphate both at site and fracture-specific scales. Assessment of pyrite age and formation conditions were based on the geological evolution of the area (Laxemar, SE Sweden), and on data on co-genetic calcite as follows: (1) the isotopic ratios of the calcite crystals (delta O-18, delta C-13, Sr-87/Sr-86) were compared with previously defined isotopic features of fracture mineral assemblages precipitated during various geological periods, and (2) the delta O-18 of the calcites were compared with the delta O-18 of groundwater in fractures corresponding to those where the calcite/pyrite assemblages were sampled. Taken together, the data show that all the sampled fractures carried pyrite/calcite that are low-temperature and precipitated from the current groundwater or similar pre-existing groundwater, except at depths of -300 to -600 m where water with a glacial component dominates and the crystals are from pre-modern fluids. An age of <10 Ma are anticipated for the pre-modern fluids. The delta S-34(pyr) showed huge variations across individual crystals (such as -32 to +73 parts per thousand) and extreme minimum (-50 parts per thousand) and maximum (+91 parts per thousand) values. For this kind of extreme S-isotopic variation at earth-surface conditions there is no other explanation than activity of sulphur reducing bacteria coupled with sulphate-limited conditions. Indeed, the most common subgrain feature was an increase in delta S-34(pyr) values from interior to rim of the crystal, which we interpret are related to successively higher delta S-34 values of the dissolved source SO42- caused by ongoing bacterial sulphate reduction in fractures with low-flow or stagnant waters. The measured groundwater had delta S-34(SO4) values of +9 parts per thousand to +37 parts per thousand, with the highest values associated with low sulphate concentrations. These values are overall, and especially in the sulphate-poor waters down to -400 m, somewhat higher than the anticipated initial values, and can thus, like for the S-34-enriched pyrites, be explained by a Rayleigh distillation process driven by microbial sulphate reduction. An intriguing feature was that the delta S-34(SO4) values of the groundwater were in no case reaching up to the values required to produce biogenic pyrite with delta S-34 values of +40 parts per thousand to +91 parts per thousand. To explain this feature, we suggest that groundwater in low-flow fractures with near-stagnant water (carrying sulphate and pyrite with high delta S-34) is masked by high-flow parts of the fracture system carrying groundwater that often contains sulphate in abundance and considerably less fractionated with respect to S-34 and S-32. In order to gain detailed knowledge of chemical processes and patterns in groundwater in fractured rock, fracture-mineral investigations are a powerful tool, as we have shown here for the sulphur system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
26.	Egberg Thyme, Karin, 1943-, et al. (author) Individual brief art therapy can be helpful for women with breast cancer : A randomized controlled clinical study 2009 In: Palliative & Supportive Care. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1478-9515 .- 1478-9523. ; 7:1, s. 87-95 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: Recent research shows that almost every second woman with breast cancer is depressed or has anxiety; the risk for younger women is even higher. Moreover, research shows that women are at risk for developing depression, also a threat for women with breast cancer. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to study the outcome of five sessions of art therapy given at a 5-week period of postoperative radiotherapy.Methods: The participants were between 37 and 69 years old; six participants in each group were below 50 years of age. Half of the participants (n = 20) received art therapy and the other half (n = 21) were assigned to a control group. At the first measurement, at least 17% (n = 7) of the participants medicated with antidepressants. Data were collected before and after art therapy and at a 4-month follow-up using self-rating scales that measure self-image (the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour) and psychiatric symptoms (the Symptom Check List–90).Results: At follow-up, significant lower ratings of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms and less general symptoms were reported for the art therapy group compared to the control group. The regression analysis showed that art therapy relates to lower ratings of depression, anxiety, and general symptoms; chemotherapeutic treatment predicts lower depressive symptoms; in contrast to axilliary surgery and hormonal treatment as well as being a parent predicts higher ratings of anxiety and general symptoms.Significance of results: The conclusion suggests that art therapy has a long-term effect on the crisis following the breast cancer and its consequences.
27.	Ericsson, Anders, et al. (author) Automated interpretation of ventilation-perfusion lung scintigrams for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using support vector machines 2003 In: 13th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2003 Halmstad, Sweden, June 29 – July 2, 2003 Proceedings/Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783540406013 ; 2749, s. 415-421 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a new completely automated method for the interpretation of ventilation-perfusion (V-P) lung scintigrams for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. A new way of extracting features, characteristic for pulmonary embolism is presented. These features are then used as input to a Support Vector Machine, which discriminates between pulmonary embolism or no embolism. Using a material of 509 training cases and 104 test cases, the performance of the system, measured as the area under the ROC curve, was 0.86 in the test group. It is concluded that a completely automatic method can be used for interpretation of V-P scintigrams. It is faster and more robust than a previously presented method [4,5] and the accuracy is at the same level as the the previous method. It also handles abnormalities in the lungs.
28.	Ericsson, Olle, et al. (author) Clinical validation of a novel automated cell-free DNA screening assay for trisomies 21, 13, and 18 in maternal plasma. 2019 In: Prenatal diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 1097-0223 .- 0197-3851. ; 39:11, s. 1011-1015 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To evaluate clinical performance of a new automated cell-free (cf)DNA assay in maternal plasma screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and to determine fetal sex.Maternal plasma samples from 1200 singleton pregnancies were analyzed with a new non-sequencing cfDNA method, which is based on imaging and counting specific chromosome targets. Reference outcomes were determined by either cytogenetic testing, of amniotic fluid or chorionic villi, or clinical examination of neonates.The samples examined included 158 fetal aneuploidies. Sensitivity was 100% (112/112) for trisomy 21, 89% (32/36) for trisomy 18, and 100% (10/10) for trisomy 13. The respective specificities were 100%, 99.5%, and 99.9%. There were five first pass failures (0.4%), all in unaffected pregnancies. Sex classification was performed on 979 of the samples and 99.6% (975/979) provided a concordant result.The new automated cfDNA assay has high sensitivity and specificity for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and accurate classification of fetal sex, while maintaining a low failure rate. The study demonstrated that cfDNA testing can be simplified and automated to reduce cost and thereby enabling wider population-based screening.
29.	Erlandsson, Per, et al. (author) Determination of Fucose Concentration in a Lectin-Based Displacement Microfluidic Assay 2019 In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : SPRINGER. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 188:3, s. 868-877 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We compare three different methods to quantify the monosaccharide fucose in solutions using the displacement of a large glycoprotein, lactoferrin. Two microfluidic analysis methods, namely fluorescence detection of (labeled) lactoferrin as it is displaced by unlabeled fucose and the displacement of (unlabeled) lactoferrin in SPR, provide fast responses and continuous data during the experiment, theoretically providing significant information regarding the interaction kinetics between the saccharide groups and binding sites. For comparison, we also performed a static displacement ELISA. The stationary binding site in all cases was immobilized S2-AAL, a monovalent polypeptide based on Aleuria aurantia lectin. Although all three assays showed a similar dynamic range, the microfluidic assays with fluorescent or SPR detection show an advantage in short analysis times. Furthermore, the microfluidic displacement assays provide a possibility to develop a one-step analytical platform.
30.	Evander, Eva, et al. (author) Role of ventilation scintigraphy in diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: an evaluation using artificial neural networks. 2003 In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 30:7, s. 961-965 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the value of the ventilation study in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism using a new automated method. Either perfusion scintigrams alone or two different combinations of ventilation/perfusion scintigrams were used as the only source of information regarding pulmonary embolism. A completely automated method based on computerised image processing and artificial neural networks was used for the interpretation. Three artificial neural networks were trained for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Each network was trained with 18 automatically obtained features. Three different sets of features originating from three sets of scintigrams were used. One network was trained using features obtained from each set of perfusion scintigrams, including six projections. The second network was trained using features from each set of (joint) ventilation and perfusion studies in six projections. A third network was trained using features from the perfusion study in six projections combined with a single ventilation image from the posterior view. A total of 1,087 scintigrams from patients with suspected pulmonary embolism were used for network training. The test group consisted of 102 patients who had undergone both scintigraphy and pulmonary angiography. Performances in the test group were measured as area under the receiver operation characteristic curve. The performance of the neural network in interpreting perfusion scintigrams alone was 0.79 (95% confidence limits 0.71–0.86). When one ventilation image (posterior view) was added to the perfusion study, the performance was 0.84 (0.77–0.90). This increase was statistically significant (P=0.022). The performance increased to 0.87 (0.81–0.93) when all perfusion and ventilation images were used, and the increase in performance from 0.79 to 0.87 was also statistically significant (P=0.016). The automated method presented here for the interpretation of lung scintigrams shows a significant increase in performance when one or all ventilation images are added to the six perfusion images. Thus, the ventilation study has a significant role in the diagnosis of acute lung embolism.
31.	Forsberg, Lena, et al. (author) Bröstimplantat kan försvåra diagnostik av hjärtsjukdomar : Inför kirurgi bör patienten informeras om vilka konsekvenser bröstimplantat kan ha för framtida hjärtdiagnostik [Cosmetic breast implants can influence cardiac imaging] 2022 In: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Cosmetic breast implants are increasing in popularity. The presence of foreign material overlying the anterior wall of the heart can influence cardiac imaging and lead to misdiagnosis of cardiac disease. Echocardiography is commonly used in patients for evaluation of cardiac structure and function. Breast implants can cause impaired quality of the echocardiographic images because of an interaction between the implant material and the ultrasound beam, and as a consequence this can lead to a decreased diagnostic accuracy. In myocardial perfusion imaging breast implant can induce attenuation artifacts, which can be mistaken for myocardial infarction. The number of indications for cardiac MRI examinations are increasing, but also with this technique the presence of breast implants can induce artefacts that impair the possibilities to optimal quality. Women considering breast augmentation should be informed of the risk that the procedure can result in impaired quality of different cardiac imaging modalities.
32.	Fred, Jenny, 1972-, et al. (author) Vad kan ett algebraiskt "wicked problem" vara? 2022 In: Book of abstracts. ; , s. 29-30 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Inom forskningsfältet early algebra framhålls betydelsen av att elever redan i årskurs F-3 utmanas till ett algebraiska tänkande, då goda kunskaper i algebra bland annat anses möjliggöra för elever att utvecklas även inom andra områden inom matematiken (e.g. Cai & Knuth, 2011; Kieran, 2018). Ur ett bredare perspektiv, än bara algebra, har intresset för de sociopolitiska dimensionerna av matematikundervisning vuxit bland forskare och praktiker under de senaste decennierna (Gutiérrez, 2013; Planas & Valero, 2016). Ur ett sociopolitiskt perspektiv handlar matematikundervisningen inte bara om att lära matematik utan också om vad matematikundervisningen tillför eleverna i förhållande till att bli aktiva medborgare. Det finns således en utmaning för undervisningen i algebra i relation till att försöka kombinera främjandet av framtida demokratiska medborgare och elevers utveckling av algebraiskt tänkande. Ett sätt att försöka hantera denna utmaning kan vara att arbeta med ”wicked problems” (se t.ex. Rittel & Webbers, 1973). ”Wicked problems" är komplexa problem som kan stödja idén om elevnära kontexter, stärka elevers kritiska reflektion och demokratiska deltagande i utvidgade gemenskaper samt skapa en annan typ av behov av algebraiskt tänkande.Syftet med vår presentation är att diskutera ”wicked problems” (för elever i årskurs 1-3) som såväl utmanar elevers algebraiska tänkandet som deras förmåga att bli aktiva medborgare. Frågeställningen är: Hur samspelar/samspelar inte socio-politiska, algebraiska och didaktiska aspekter i ett algebraiskt ”wicked problem”?Presentationen bygger på data från ett kollaborativt arbete där lärare, lärarstudenter, lärarutbildare och forskare tillsammans i en iterativ process har utforskat idén om algebraiska ”wicked problems”. I den iterativa processen har Skovsmose och Borbas (2004) modell använts. Den erbjuder metodologiska verktyg för att tänka, göra och prata om kritiska element som kan dyka upp i utforskandeprocessen när man vill utmana en existerande och/eller dominerande praktik. I detta fall handlar det om att försöka placera algebraiskt tänkande i ett större sammanhang och där även idén om främjandet av aktiva medborgare finns med.Våra tentativa resultat ger en indikation på att ”wicked problem” kan stödja idén om vad en elevnära kontext kan vara samt hur man kan skapa en annan typ av behov av algebraiskt tänkande. Resultaten visar också att det finns en uppenbar risk att elever antingen bortser från algebraiska aspekter eller från sociopolitiska aspekter samt att de i vissa fall bortser från båda. I vår presentation kommer vi att med utgångspunkt i våra designade algebraiska ”wicked problem” diskutera möjliga orsaker till vad som gör att socio-politiska, algebraiska och didaktiska aspekter samspelar, inte samspelar eller helt bortses från.
33.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) Expert Knowledge as a Condition of the Rhetorical Situation in Criminal Cases 2017 In: Oslo Law Review. - Oslo, Norway : University of Oslo. - 2387-3299. ; 4:1, s. 28-47 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article focuses on the use of expert knowledge as a basis for legal decisions in serious criminal cases. Using a model that describes rhetorical situations, as well as empirical material based on 150 court decisions, the aim is to analyse the conditions surrounding the use of expert evidence in criminal law processes, to what extent and by whom such evidence is used, and how it affects the outcome of the cases. The rhetorical situation in criminal cases is reconstructed to include the exigence (urgent issue that requires addressing) and, thereby, the related discourse, in order to retrieve relevant conditions, which could be identified as evidentially favourable or unfavourable to the suspect and the prosecutor respectively. It is concluded that there is a theoretical imbalance between the parties to the benefit of the defendant. Empirically grounded analysis of the criminal cases shows, however, that the defendant’s theoretical advantage does not correspond to the actual situation in court. The results indicate that the defendant usually adopts a passive stance and therefore does not use favourable constraints effectively. The study also shows that the defendant’s chances of winning the case increase when they use written expert evidence and expert witnesses.
34.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) Expert Knowledge as a Condition of the Rhetorical Situation in Criminal Cases. 2017 In: Oslo Law Review. - 2387-3299. ; 4:1-2017, s. 28-47 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In the scope of a Swedish research project on expert knowledge as a basis for legal decisions, this article focuses on serious criminal cases. Using a model that describes rhetorical situations as well as empirical material based in 150 court decisions, the aim is to analyze the conditions surrounding the use of expert evidence in criminal law processes, to what extent and by whom such evidence is used, and how it affects the outcome of the cases.The rhetorical situation in criminal case is reconstructed to include the urgent issue and the thereby related discourse, in order to retrieve relevant conditions, which could be identified as evidentially favorable or unfavorable to the suspect and the prosecutor respectively. It is concluded that there is a theoretical imbalance between the parties’ to the benefit of the defendant. Empirically grounded analysis of the criminal cases shows, however, that the defendant’s theoretical advantage does not correspond to the actual situation in court. The results indicate that the defendant usually adopts a passive stance and therefore does not use favorable constraints effectively. The study has also shown that the defendant’s options to win the case increase when they actually use written expert evidence and expert witnesses.
35.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) Expertkunskap i rättegång - En rättssociologisk studie 2018 In: Juridisk tidskrift vid Stockholms Universitet. - 1100-7761. ; 2018-19:2, s. 344-371 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
36.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) The Gap Problem 2020. - 1 In: Om rättssociologisk tillämpning. - 9789144132181 ; , s. 107-122 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
37.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) The use of court- and party-appointed experts in legal proceedings in Sweden: the judges experiences and attitudes 2017 In: Oslo Law Review. - Oslo, Norway : Universitetet i Oslo. - 2387-3299. ; 4:2, s. 63-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article focuses on the use of expert knowledge as a basis for legal decisions in serious criminal cases. Using a model that describes rhetorical situations, as well as empirical material based on 150 court decisions, the aim is to analyse the conditions surrounding the use of expert evidence in criminal law processes, to what extent and by whom such evidence is used, and how it affects the outcome of the cases. The rhetorical situation in criminal cases is reconstructed to include the exigence (urgent issue that requires addressing) and, thereby, the related discourse, in order to retrieve relevant conditions, which could be identified as evidentially favourable or unfavourable to the suspect and the prosecutor respectively. It is concluded that there is a theoretical imbalance between the parties to the benefit of the defendant. Empirically grounded analysis of the criminal cases shows, however, that the defendant’s theoretical advantage does not correspond to the actual situation in court. The results indicate that the defendant usually adopts a passive stance and therefore does not use favourable constraints effectively. The study also shows that the defendant’s chances of winning the case increase when they use written expert evidence and expert witnesses.
38.	Friis, Eva, et al. (author) The use of court- and party-appointed experts in legal proceedings in Sweden: the judges experiences and attitudes 2017 In: Oslo Law Review. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 2387-3299. ; 4:2, s. 63-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
39.	Gracia-Marco, Luis A., et al. (author) Seasonal variation in physical activity and sedentary time in different European regions. The HELENA study 2013 In: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 31:16, s. 1831-1840 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This report aims (1) to examine the association between seasonality and physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in European adolescents and (2) to investigate whether this association was influenced by geographical location (Central-North versus South of Europe), which implies more or less extreme weather and daylight hours. Valid data on PA, sedentary time and seasonality were obtained in 2173 adolescents (1175 females; 12.5-17.5 years) included in this study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometers. ANCOVA was conducted to analyse the differences in PA and sedentary time across seasons. Results showed that girls had lower levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and average PA, and spent more time in sedentary activities in winter compared with spring (all P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed differences in PA and sedentary time between winter and spring in European girls from Central-North of Europe (P < 0.05 for sedentary time). There were no differences between PA and sedentary time across seasonality in boys. In conclusion, winter is related with less time spent in MVPA, lower average PA and higher time spent in sedentary activities in European adolescent girls, compared with spring. These differences seem to mainly occur in Central-North Europe.
40.	Holst, Holger, et al. (author) An independent evaluation of a new method for automated interpretaion of lung scintigrams using artificial neural networks. 2001 In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0340-6997 .- 1432-105X. ; 28, s. 33-38 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
41.	Holst, Holger, et al. (author) An independent evaluation of a new method for automated interpretation of lung scintigrams using artificial neural networks 2001 In: European Journal Of Nuclear Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6997 .- 1619-7089. ; 28:1, s. 33-38 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new automated method for the interpretation of lung perfusion scintigrams using patients from a hospital other than that where the method was developed, and then to compare the performance of the technique against that of experienced physicians. A total of 1,087 scintigrams from patients with suspected pulmonary embolism comprised the training group. The test group consisted of scintigrams from 140 patients collected in a hospital different to that from which the training group had been drawn. An artificial neural network was trained using 18 automatically obtained features from each set of perfusion scintigrams. The image processing techniques included alignment to templates, construction of quotient images based on the perfusion/template images, and finally calculation of features describing segmental perfusion defects in the quotient images. The templates represented lungs of normal size and shape without any pathological changes. The performance of the neural network was compared with that of three experienced physicians who read the same test scintigrams according to the modified PIOPED criteria using, in addition to perfusion images, ventilation images when available and chest radiographs for all patients. Performances were measured as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance of the neural network evaluated in the test group was 0.88 (95% confidence limits 0.81–0.94). The performance of the three experienced experts was in the range 0.87–0.93 when using the perfusion images, chest radiographs and ventilation images when available. Perfusion scintigrams can be interpreted regarding the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by the use of an automated method also in a hospital other than that where it was developed. The performance of this method is similar to that of experienced physicians even though the physicians, in addition to perfusion images, also had access to ventilation images for most patients and chest radiographs for all patients. These results show the high potential for the method as a clinical decision support system.
42.	Holst, Holger, et al. (author) Automated Interpretation of Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans 1999 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
43.	Holst, Holger, et al. (author) Automated Interpretation of Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scintigrams for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism using Artificial Neural Networks 2000 In: European Journal Of Nuclear Medicine. - 1432-105X. ; 27:4, s. 400-406 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
44.	Johnson, Anders, et al. (author) Dredging and deposition of metal sulfide rich river sediments results in rapid conversion to acid sulfate soil materials 2022 In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 813 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Sediments along the Baltic Sea coast can contain considerable amounts of metal sulfides that if dredged and the spoils deposited such that they are exposed to air, can release high concentrations of acid and toxic metals into recipient water bodies. Two river estuaries in western Finland were dredged from 2013 to 2018 and the dredge spoils were deposited on land previously covered with agricultural limestone to buffer the pH and mitigate acid and metal release. In this study, the geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene amplicon based bacterial communities were investigated over time to explore whether the application of lime prevented a conversion of the dredge spoils into acid producing and metal releasing soil. The pH of the dredge spoils decreased with time indicating metal sulfide oxidation and resulted in elevated sulfate concentrations along with a concomitant release of metals. However, calculations indicated only approximately 5% of the added lime had been dissolved. The bacterial communities decreased in diversity with the lowering of the pH as taxa most similar to extremely acidophilic sulfur, and in some cases iron, oxidizing Acidithiobacillus species became the dominant characterized genus in the deposited dredge spoils as the oxidation front moved deeper. In addition, other taxa characterized as involved in oxidation of iron or sulfur were identified including Gallionella, Sulfuricurvum, and Sulfurimonas. These data suggest there was a rapid conversion of the dredge spoils to severely acidic soil similar to actual acid sulfate soil and that the lime placed on the land prior to deposition of the spoils, and later ploughed into the dry dredge spoils, was insufficient to halt this process. Hence, future dredging and deposition of dredge spoils containing metal sulfides should not only take into account the amount of lime used for buffering but also its grain size and mixing into the soil.
45.	Lindahl, Katarina, et al. (author) Allele Dependent Silencing of Collagen Type I Using Small Interfering RNAs Targeting 3'UTR Indels : a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Osteogenesis Imperfecta 2013 In: International Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Ivyspring International Publisher. - 1449-1907. ; 10:10, s. 1333-1343 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as "brittle bone disease", is a heterogeneous disorder of connective tissue generally caused by dominant mutations in the genes COL1A1 and COL1A2, encoding the α1 and α2 chains of type I (pro)collagen. Symptomatic patients are usually prescribed bisphosphonates, but this treatment is neither curative nor sufficient. A promising field is gene silencing through RNA interference. In this study small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed to target each allele of 3'UTR insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) in COL1A1 (rs3840870) and COL1A2 (rs3917). For both indels, the frequency of heterozygous individuals was determined to be approximately 50% in Swedish cohorts of healthy controls as well as in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Cultures of primary human bone derived cells were transfected with siRNAs through magnet-assisted transfection. cDNA from transfected cells was sequenced in order to measure targeted allele/non-targeted allele ratios and the overall degree of silencing was assessed by quantitative PCR. Successful allele dependent silencing was observed, with promising results for siRNAs complementary to both the insertion and non-insertion harboring alleles. In COL1A1 cDNA the indel allele ratios were shifted from 1 to 0.09 and 0.19 for the insertion and non-insertion allele respectively while the equivalent resulting ratios for COL1A2 were 0.05 and 0.01. Reductions in mRNA abundance were also demonstrated; in cells treated with siRNAs targeting the COL1A1 alleles the average COL1A1 mRNA levels were reduced 65% and 78% compared to negative control levels and in cells treated with COL1A2 siRNAs the average COL1A2 mRNA levels were decreased 26% and 49% of those observed in the corresponding negative controls. In conclusion, allele dependent silencing of collagen type I utilizing 3'UTR indels common in the general population constitutes a promising mutation independent therapeutic approach for osteogenesis imperfecta.
46.	Lindahl, Katarina, et al. (author) Genotype-Phenotype Correlations, Response to Bisphosphonate Treatment and Pharmaco-genetics in 150 Swedish Families with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Type I, IV and III) Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heterogeneous disorder leading to bone fragility, spanning from mild to lethal in severity. Over 1500 mutations have been described in collagen type I, encoded by COL1A1 and COL1A2. Bisphosphonate treatment is standard of care and published studies clearly show beneficial effects on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and vertebral geometry. However, information on BMD increase in relation to age and BMD at onset is limited and there are few studies on influence of mutation type on treatment response. In this study Swedish patients with OI types I, IV and III were investigated with respect to genotype-phenotype correlations, BMD response on bisphosphonate treatment, and pharmaco-genetics.Materials and Methods: 150 families (202 individuals) with OI participated: 137 type I, 40 type IV and 25 type III. Data on phenotype and bisphosphonate treatment were collected and sequencing of COL1A1 and COL1A2 performed.Results: In 119 families a mutation was detected; in COL1A1 52 quantitative and 35 qualitative mutations were found and in COL1A2 32 qualitative mutations were found. Several unrelated individuals were found to harbor mutations with the same positions and substitutions and only 15 qualitative mutations were novel, supporting the idea of mutational hotspots. Genotype-phenotype analysis confirmed that mutations situated in the a1-chain are associated with a more severe phenotype, blue sclerae are strongly associated with COL1A1 null alleles, qualitative mutations are associated with DI, and for qualitative mutations position relative to N- and C-terminal is correlated to phenotype. A few novel mutations with unconventional locations were found.Bisphosphonate treatment response was inversely correlated with age (p=<0.0001) and lumbar spine BMD at onset (p=0.006). Mutations associated with a more severe phenotype had an improved response to treatment when analyzing 2-year delta lumbar spine Z-score values; mutations in COL1A1 vs. COL1A2 (p=0.03), qualitative mutations in COL1A1 vs. COL1A2 (p=0.006), serine substitutions in COL1A1 vs. COL1A2 (p=0.007) and qualitative vs. qualitative mutations in COL1A1 (p=0.02) all exhibited this pattern. Bisphosphonate response was not correlated to either OI type or gender.Conclusions: The genotype-phenotype correlations described here confirm previous reports of influence of chain affected, intrachain location, and mutation type on phenotype. BMD response to bisphosphonate treatment is inversely related to age and BMD at onset. Pharmaco-genetic analyses show an increased response to bisphosphonate treatment for more severe mutations types. This effect is attenuated over time.
47.	Lindqvist, Ulla, et al. (author) Elimination of stabilised hyaluronan from the knee joint in healthy men 2002 In: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 41:8, s. 603-13 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the elimination of stabilised hyaluronan following intra-articular injection into the knee joint. DESIGN: This was a single-centre, single-dose study in healthy human volunteers. PARTICIPANTS: Six healthy men, aged 28 to 47 (mean 38) years, were enrolled in the study. METHODS: Subjects received a single intra-articular injection (3ml; 20 mg/ml) of (131)I-labelled non-animal stabilised hyaluronic acid (NASHA). Radioactivity in the knee, blood, urine and over the liver was measured with gamma counters for 3 weeks post-injection; magnetic resonance and gamma camera imaging of the knee were also performed at 24 hours post-injection. Radioactivity uptake data were tested for conformity of fit to different mathematical models. RESULTS: Elimination of (131)I-labelled NASHA from the knee was characterised by a fast initial phase and a slow late phase, and conformed to a three-exponential-function model with elimination half-lives of 1.5 hours, 1.5 days and 4 weeks. Radioactivity distribution within the knee joint was homogenous, and no local leakage was observed. Hepatic radioactivity uptake was low, but significantly above background levels, for the first 2 days post-injection, before declining to background levels. Visual imaging indicated an increase in intra-articular fluid volume at 24 hours post-injection. CONCLUSIONS: The elimination kinetics of (131)I-labelled NASHA from the human knee joint were described by three distinct phases, with half-times of 1.5 hours, 1.5 days and 4 weeks. Most likely, the last value reflects the true half-life of NASHA following intra-articular injection since the labelling method used causes minimal modification of hyaluronan.
48.	Mathurin, Frédéric A., et al. (author) Effect of tunnel excavation on source and mixing of groundwater in a coastal granitoidic fracture network. 2012 In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:23, s. 12779-12786 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to assess how the excavation of the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory tunnel has impacted on sources and mixing of groundwater in fractured crystalline (granitoidic) bedrock. The tunnel is 3600 m long and extends to a depth of 460 m at a coastal site in Boreal Europe. The study builds on a unique data set consisting of 1117 observations on chloride and δ(18)O of groundwater collected from a total of 356 packed-off fractures between 1987 and 2011. On the basis of the values of these two variables in selected source waters, a classification system was developed to relate the groundwater observations to source and postinfiltration mixing phenomena. The results show that the groundwater has multiple sources and a complex history of transport and mixing, and is composed of at least glacial water, marine water, recent meteoric water, and an old saline water. The tunnel excavation has had a large impact on flow, sources, and mixing of the groundwater. Important phenomena include upflow of deep-lying saline water, extensive intrusion of current Baltic Sea water, and substantial temporal variability of chloride and δ(18)O in many fractures.
49.	Mathurin, Frédéric A., et al. (author) High cesium concentrations in groundwater in the upper 1.2km of fractured crystalline rock - Influence of groundwater origin and secondary minerals 2014 In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 132, s. 187-213 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Dissolved and solid phase cesium (Cs) was studied in the upper 1.2km of a coastal granitoid fracture network on the Baltic Shield (Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory and Laxemar area, SE Sweden). There unusually high Cs concentrations (up to 5-6μgL-1) occur in the low-temperature (<20°C) groundwater. The material includes water collected in earlier hydrochemical monitoring programs and secondary precipitates (fracture coatings) collected on the fracture walls, as follows: (a) hydraulically pristine fracture groundwater sampled through 23 surface boreholes equipped for the retrieval of representative groundwater at controlled depths (Laxemar area), (b) fracture groundwater affected by artificial drainage collected through 80 boreholes drilled mostly along the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (underground research facility), (c) surface water collected in local streams, a lake and sea bay, and shallow groundwater collected in 8 regolith boreholes, and (d) 84 new specimens of fracture coatings sampled in cores from the Äspö HRL and Laxemar areas. The groundwater in each area is different, which affects Cs concentrations. The highest Cs concentrations occurred in deep-seated saline groundwater (median Äspö HRL: 4.1μgL-1; median Laxemar: 3.7μgL-1) and groundwater with marine origin (Äspö HRL: 4.2μgL-1). Overall lower, but variable, Cs concentrations were found in other types of groundwater. The similar concentrations of Cs in the saline groundwater, which had a residence time in the order of millions of years, and in the marine groundwater, which had residence times in the order of years, shows that duration of water-rock interactions is not the single and primary control of dissolved Cs in these systems. The high Cs concentrations in the saline groundwater is ascribed to long-term weathering of minerals, primarily Cs-enriched fracture coatings dominated by illite and mixed-layer clays and possibly wall rock micaceous minerals. The high Cs concentrations in the groundwater of marine origin are, in contrast, explained by relatively fast cation exchange reactions. As indicated by the field data and predicted by 1D solute transport modeling, alkali cations with low-energy hydration carried by intruding marine water are capable of (NH4 + in particular and K+ to some extent) replacing Cs+ on frayed edge (FES) sites on illite in the fracture coatings. The result is a rapid and persistent (at least in the order of decades) buildup of dissolved Cs concentrations in fractures where marine water flows downward. The identification of high Cs concentrations in young groundwater of marine origin and the predicted capacity of NH4 + to displace Cs from fracture solids are of particular relevance in the disposal of radioactive nuclear waste deep underground in crystalline rock. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
50.	Mattsson, Sven, et al. (author) A Swedish national follow-up programme for children and adolescents with myelomeningocele 2009 In: Cerebrospinal fluid research. - 1743-8454. ; 6:Suppl 2, s. S43- Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)

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