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1.
  • Ahlgren, Jennie, et al. (author)
  • Ska generna styra vad vi äter?
  • 2008
  • In: Miljöforskning: Formas tidning för ett uthålligt samhälle. ; :3
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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2.
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3.
  • Ahlgren, Jennie, et al. (author)
  • Ska generna styra vad vi äter?
  • 2005
  • In: Miljöforskning : Formas tidning för ett uthålligt samhälle. - 1650-4925. ; 2005:3, s. 16-17
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This article gives an overview of some ethical problems raised in connection to nutritional genomics, especially the use of knowledge from nutrigenomics as a basis for personalised nutrition after a genetic test.
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4.
  • Axling, Ulrika, et al. (author)
  • Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse.
  • 2010
  • In: Beneficial microbes. - 1876-2891. ; 1:2, s. 189-196
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Today, the gut microbiota is considered a key organ in host nutritional metabolism and recent data have suggested that alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Accordingly, a whole range of beneficial effects relating to inflammation and gut health have been observed following administration of probiotics to both humans and different animal models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an oral probiotic supplement, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313, to high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice, a model of human obesity and early diabetes. The mice were fed the experimental diets for 20 weeks, after which the HFD had induced an insulin-resistant state in both groups compared to the start of the study. The increase in body weight during the HFD feeding was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group, however, there were no significant differences in body fat content. Fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in the group fed the probiotic supplement, whereas insulin and lipids were not different. Caecal levels of short-chain fatty acids were not significantly different between the groups. An oral glucose tolerance test showed that the group fed probiotics had a significantly lower insulin release compared to the control group, although the rate of glucose clearance was not different. Taken together, these data indicate that L. plantarum DSM 15313 has anti-diabetic properties when fed together with an HFD.
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5.
  • Axling, Ulrika, et al. (author)
  • The effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v together with a low dose of iron on iron status in healthy pregnant women: A randomized clinical trial
  • 2021
  • In: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:9, s. 1602-1610
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction Iron deficiency during pregnancy is a global health problem and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v, 10(10) colony forming units), 4.2 mg iron, 12 mg ascorbic acid and 30 mu g folic acid (Lp) on iron status in healthy, non-anemic, pregnant Swedish women. Material and methods A total of 326 women were randomized to receive Lp (n = 161) or placebo (n = 165) twice daily from gestational week 10-12 until end of pregnancy or until the potential start of iron therapy. The primary endpoint was serum ferritin at week 28. Results Intake of Lp attenuated the decrease in serum ferritin from baseline to week 28 (p = 0.003) and week 35 (p < 0.001) and resulted in reduced prevalence of iron deficiency (59% vs 78%, p = 0.017) and iron deficiency anemia (7.4% vs 21%, p = 0.023) at week 35. Intake of Lp also resulted in beneficial effects on the soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.011) and total body iron (p < 0.001) at week 35. Gestational length and birthweight were comparable between groups. The proportion of women reporting adverse events during the study was comparable between groups. Conclusions Intake of Lp from early pregnancy was safe, attenuated the loss of iron stores and improved iron status in healthy pregnant women.
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6.
  • Axling, Ulrika, et al. (author)
  • The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum299v on Iron Status and Physical Performance in Female Iron-Deficient Athletes : A Randomized Controlled Trial
  • 2020
  • In: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Iron is an essential micronutrient for oxygen transport and mitochondrial metabolism and is critical for physical performance. Compromised iron stores are more commonly found among athletes, and females are especially at risk. Iron deficiency is generally treated using oral iron supplements. However, only a small proportion of ingested iron is absorbed, necessitating higher intakes, which may result in adverse side effects, reduced compliance, and inefficient repletion of iron stores. The probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarum299v (Lp299v) significantly increases intestinal iron absorption in meal studies. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of 20 mg of iron with or without Lp299v on iron status, mood state, and physical performance. Fifty-three healthy non-anemic female athletes with low iron stores (ferritin < 30 mu g/L) were randomized, and 39 completed the study. Intake of Lp299v with iron for four weeks increased ferritin levels more than iron alone (13.6 vs. 8.2 mu g/L), but the difference between the groups was not significant (p= 0.056). The mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content increased after intake of Lp299v compared to control (1.5 vs. 0.82 pg) after 12 weeks, but the difference between the group was not significant (p= 0.083). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire showed increased vigor with Lp299v vs. iron alone after 12 weeks (3.5 vs. 0.1,p= 0.015). No conclusive effects on physical performance were observed. In conclusion, Lp299v, together with 20 mg of iron, could result in a more substantial and rapid improvement in iron status and improved vigor compared to 20 mg of iron alone. A larger clinical trial is needed to further explore these findings as well as the impact of Lp299v on physical performance.
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7.
  • Berggren, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Intestinal function, microflora and nutrient intake of children after administration of a fermented oat product containing Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (299v)
  • 2003
  • In: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 15:4, s. 160-168
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The objective of the study was to evaluate the intestinal tolerance of a newly developed food containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, in children. The effects of consumption of the product on the children's nutrient intake were also followed, in a separate study. The tolerance study was parallel, double-blind, and included 69 children between 6 months and 3 years of age, randomized into two groups. One of the groups consumed a fermented oat product (1×109 cfu L. plantarum 299v/g) for 3 weeks, while the other group consumed a placebo product. We analysed the subjects by intention to treat and also carried out an analysis of subjects who had a mean intake of >100 g study product per day. After consumption for 3 weeks, the content of L. plantarum 299v in faeces increased significantly in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001) and mean log10 cfu/g was 8.7 (intention to treat analysis). Also, the total content of lactobacilli increased and was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (p<0.001). The same result was also obtained when the data for the subjects who had a higher consumption of the study products were analysed. There were no differences in reported gastrointestinal function between the groups. The effects of the fermented oat product on the children's nutrient intake were followed in 12 children aged 1-3 years. Inclusion of the fermented oat product that was enriched with iron and ascorbic acid led to a significantly higher intake of several nutrients like energy, carbohydrates (g, E%), dietary fibre, iron and zinc. In conclusion, the children tolerated the fermented oat product well, the faecal microflora was positively altered and the children's nutritional intake was improved. Keywords: children, microflora, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, probiotic bacteria, intestinal tolerance, nutrient intake.
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8.
  • Biörklund, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Changes in serum lipids and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations after consumption of beverages with beta-glucans from oats or barley: a randomised dose-controlled trial
  • 2005
  • In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 59:11, s. 1272-1281
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: To investigate side by side the effects on serum lipoproteins and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations of beverages enriched with 5 or 10 g of beta-glucans from oats or barley. Design and setting: An 8-week single blind, controlled study with five parallel groups carried out at two centres under identical conditions. Interventions: During a 3-week run-in period all subjects consumed a control beverage. For the following 5-week period four groups received a beverage with 5 or 10 g beta-glucans from oats or barley and one group continued with the control beverage. Blood samples in weeks 0, 2, 3, 7 and 8 were analysed for serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and insulin. Postprandial concentrations of glucose and insulin were compared between control and the beverage with 5 g of beta-glucans from oats or barley. Results: Compared to control, 5 g of beta-glucans from oats significantly lowered total-cholesterol by 7.4% ( P<0.01), and postprandial concentrations of glucose ( 30 min, P = 0.005) and insulin ( 30 min, P = 0.025). The beverage with 10 g of beta-glucans from oats did not affect serum lipids significantly in comparison with control. No statistically significant effects compared to control of the beverages with barley beta-glucans were found. Conclusions: A daily consumption of 5 g of oat beta-glucans in a beverage improved the lipid and glucose metabolism, while barley beta-glucans did not.
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9.
  • Biörklund, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Serum Lipids and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels in Hyperlipidemic Subjects after Consumption of an Oat beta-Glucan-Containing Ready Meal.
  • 2008
  • In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 52:2, s. 83-90
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background/Aims: To investigate whether a daily intake of a nutrient-balanced ready meal containing 4 g of oat beta-glucans lowers total cholesterol (T-C) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidemic subjects and to evaluate its effect on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Methods: A parallel, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 43 healthy men and women with elevated serum cholesterol levels. During the 3-week run-in period, all subjects consumed daily a ready-meal soup, low in energy and fat and high in fiber but without oat beta-glucans. Subjects were then randomly assigned for the following 5-week intervention period to either continue consumption of the control soup or an equal soup supplemented with beta-glucan. Results: Consumption of the beta-glucan-enriched ready meal decreased T-C (0.22 +/- 0.41 mmol/l) and LDL-C (0.16 +/- 0.36 mmol/l), but the reductions were not significantly lower compared with control. After a meal with beta-glucan soup, neither postprandial glucose nor insulin concentrations were significantly different from those after a control soup. Conclusion: A daily dose of 4 g of oat beta-glucans incorporated into a healthy ready meal did not significantly lower T-C and LDL-C compared with an equal ready meal without beta-glucans. Thus, if a food product fulfils general healthy dietary recommendations it may not necessarily be a candidate for supplementation with beta-glucans. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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10.
  • Bruzelius, Katharina, et al. (author)
  • Biosynthesis of selenoproteins in cultured bovine mammary cells.
  • 2008
  • In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3252 .- 0946-672X. ; 22:3, s. 224-233
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The biosynthesis of selenoproteins was studied in relation to milk formation and mammary cell biology by incubating the bovine mammary cell line MAC-T with (75Se)selenite. Intracellular proteins and proteins secreted into the cell culture medium were separated by 2D electrophoresis, the selenoproteins were detected by autoradiography, and the proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF. Approximately 35 75Se-containing spots were found in the cell proteins from MAC-T cells. Among them, one-third showed high intensity. The strongest spot was identified as glutathione peroxidase 1. About 20 spots were observed in protein precipitated from cell culture medium, one-third of them being distinctly visible. In an attempt to study a perturbation of the system, the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the formation of selenoproteins was investigated. The concentration of 75Se in total cell protein was reduced by about 35% in cells cultured with RA compared with control cells, while the opposite effect was observed in protein precipitated from cell culture medium, which contained 60% more 75Se in RA-treated samples than in controls. There were also indications that RA might affect different selenoproteins in different ways. The methods described provide a promising approach for further studies of the regulation of selenoprotein formation in the mammary gland.
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11.
  • Bruzelius, Katharina, et al. (author)
  • Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue.
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of Dairy Science. - 1525-3198. ; 90:2, s. 918-927
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To elucidate the possible role of selenoproteins for milk formation and mammary gland physiology, the activities of selenoprotein enzymes and the expression of selenoprotein genes were studied in the bovine mammary gland. Messenger RNA was demonstrated for selenoprotein P, thioredoxin reductase 1, and for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1, 3, and 4. Significant differences in mRNA expression between the cows were seen for GPx 1 and GPx 3. The enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase varied approximately 16-fold among cows, and the activity of thioredoxin reductase and the concentration of soluble Se varied approximately 6-fold among cows. There were positive correlations between glutathione peroxidase activity, thioredoxin reductase activity, and soluble Se, the correlation between glutathione peroxidase activity and soluble Se being the strongest. Furthermore, selenoprotein P expression correlated with GPx 1 mRNA expression and with soluble Se. There was also a correlation between glutathione peroxidase activity and the mRNA expression of GPx 1. The general conclusion from the data was that the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase and the mRNA expression of selenoprotein P and GPx 1 and 3 were influenced by Se status, but the expression of GPx 4 and thioredoxin reductase 1 were not. These results indicate that the Se status in mammary tissue is an important regulator of selenoprotein activity and expression, but that other factors are also in operation.
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12.
  • Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al. (author)
  • Assessment of Body Composition in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome Comparing Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Bioelectrical Spectroscopy.
  • 2015
  • In: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8518 .- 1540-4196. ; 13:2, s. 91-98
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between body composition measurements made with two methods-single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SF-BIA) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Methods: The body composition measurements using SF-BIA and BIS were performed seven times during 6 months on 41 patients (13 men and 28 women) with metabolic syndrome who were taking part in a dietary intervention study. Results: The mean [standard deviation (SD)] fat mass (FM) and median [interquartile range (IQR)] FM% measured with SF-BIA were 32.7 (6.7) kg and 36.3 (30.3-39.3)%, respectively, compared with 38.2 (8.7) kg and 40.9 (35.5-45.6)%, respectively, using BIS. The median (IQR) fat-free mass (FFM) was 60.0 (53.3-73.5) kg according to SF-BIA and 55.4 (48.8-66.5) kg according to BIS. These results obtained with the two methods were significantly different (P<0.001). Still highly significant correlations were found between the results obtained with SF-BIA and BIS for FM and FFM (all r≥0.89, P<0.001). Using Bland-Altman analysis, the bias was found to be -5.4 (4.1) kg for FM, -5.5 (3.7)% for FM%, and 5.4 (4.1) kg for FFM. Rather wide limits of agreement were found for FM, FM%, and FFM. Conclusion: Body composition data obtained using SF-BIA and BIS in subjects with metabolic syndrome were highly correlated but not interchangeable. FM was systematically lower when using SF-BIA than when using BIS.
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13.
  • Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al. (author)
  • Role of dietary beta-glucans in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome.
  • 2012
  • In: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 70:8, s. 444-458
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The present review examines the evidence regarding the effect of β-glucan on variables linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including appetite control, glucose control, hypertension, and gut microbiota composition. Appetite control can indirectly influence MetS by inducing a decreased energy intake, and promising results for a β-glucan intake to decrease appetite have been found using gut hormone responses and subjective appetite indicators. Beta-glucan also improves the glycemic index of meals and beneficially influences glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or MetS, as well as in healthy subjects. Furthermore, a blood-pressure-lowering effect of β-glucan in hypertensive subjects seems fairly well substantiated. The gut microbiota composition might be an interesting target to prevent MetS, and preliminary results indicate the prebiotic potential of β-glucan. The evidence that β-glucan influences appetite control and gut microbiota in a positive way is still insufficient or difficult to interpret, and additional studies are needed in this field. Still, much evidence indicates that increased β-glucan intake could prevent MetS. Such evidence should encourage increased efforts toward the development of β-glucan-containing functional foods and promote the intake of β-glucan-rich foods, with the aim of reducing healthcare costs and disease prevalence.
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14.
  • Cugnet-Anceau, Christine, et al. (author)
  • A controlled study of consumption of beta-glucan-enriched soups for 2 months by type 2 diabetic free-living subjects
  • 2010
  • In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 103:3, s. 422-428
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher cardiovascular risk and there has been a growing interest in using dietary intervention to improve lipid profile and glucose control. The present work aims at analysing the effects of the enrichment of a normal diet with beta-glucan (3-5 g/d) in free-living type 2 diabetic subjects for 2 months, using a palatable soup. This trial was a parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomised study performed in fifty-three type 2 diabetic subjects. During a 3-week run-in period, subjects daily consumed a ready meal control soup (without beta-glucan). For the following 8 weeks, Subjects were randomly assigned to consume daily either a control soup or a beta-glucan soup. Changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDLc and LDLc), apo B and TAG) and in glucose control (HbA1c and fasting glucose) were measured. There was no significant alteration in lipid profile in the two groups (TC, HDLc. LDLc and apo B). TAG decreased significantly in the beta-glucan group compared with the control group (-0.12 (SD 0.38) v. 0.12 (SD 0.44)mmol/l, P=0.03). HbA1c and fasting glucose were not reduced in any group. A single daily ingestion of 3-5 g beta-glucan, as required by official dietary recommendations for 8 weeks did not change the lipid profile and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic subjects. To improve the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetic subjects in the long term, the quantity, the food vectors and the tolerability of P-glucan products may be re-evaluated.
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15.
  • Daun, Charlotte, et al. (author)
  • Separation of soluble selenium compounds in muscle from seven animal species using size exclusion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
  • 2004
  • In: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-5544. ; 19:1, s. 129-134
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To study the role of selenium compounds for the quality and nutritional value of meat, speciation of selenium compounds was performed in two muscles from each of seven animal species (chicken, turkey, duck, ostrich, lamb, cattle and pig). Soluble selenium compounds were separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Four selenium peaks were found in the muscle extracts by SEC, with partition coefficients (K-av) of 0.02, 0.44, 0.74 and 0.86, respectively. The second and third peaks had a chromatographic mobility approximately corresponding to that of tetrameric glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein W, respectively, and they contained 68-100% of the recovered selenium in different muscles. The distribution of selenium among the four peaks varied considerably in muscles from different species, the second peak accounting for 28-71% of the recovered selenium and the third peak for 17-72%. These differences in selenium distribution among animal species are discussed in relation to meat quality and nutritional value.
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16.
  • Hoac, Tien, et al. (author)
  • Separation of Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Compounds in Bovine Whey Using Size Exclusion Chromatography Linked to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 55:10, s. 4237-4243
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To study the role of trace elements for the quality and nutritional value of bovine milk, the distribution of selenium, zinc, and copper in whey was investigated using a method linking size exclusion chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Three major peaks were detected for selenium, two peaks for zinc, and five peaks for copper. More than 65% of the selenium was found in protein fractions, mainly in fractions coinciding with the major whey proteins beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. All zinc was associated with low molecular weight compounds (< 5 kDa) and one of these compounds was probably citrate. More than 60% of the copper eluted in protein fractions and two of the five major peaks probably contained metallothionein and citrate. This method was used to compare milk and whey produced by organic and conventional feeding procedures. The selenium content in whey and desalted milk produced using organic regimens was significantly lower than that in conventional samples. Moreover, the proportion of selenium in protein fractions of organic whey was significantly smaller than that in conventional whey, but the distributions of zinc and copper did not differ. This study showed that with the SEC-ICP-MS technique the distribution profiles of several trace elements in whey could be studied in the same run and that the selenium profile differed in whey produced by organic and conventional procedures.
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17.
  • Hoppe, Michael, 1969, et al. (author)
  • Freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum 299v increases iron absorption in young females-Double isotope sequential single-blind studies in menstruating women
  • 2017
  • In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background The probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v has earlier been shown to increase iron absorption when added to foods. However, it is not known if the same probiotic strain in a freeze-dried format included in a capsule increases the iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that non-heme iron absorption from a light meal is promoted by a simultaneous intake of freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v, DSM 9843). With a single blinded placebo controlled sequential design, iron absorption from a light breakfast meal administered with or without capsules containing 10(10) cfu freeze-dried Lp299v was studied in healthy female volunteers of fertile age. The methodology used was a double isotope technique (59 Fe and 55 Fe). Two studies were performed using the same protocol. In study 1, the absorption of iron from a meal without Lp299v was found to be 17.4 +/- 13.4%, and from an identical meal with Lp299v was found to be 22.4 +/- 17.3% (mean +/- SD). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.040, n = 14). In study 2, the absorption of iron from a meal without Lp299v was found to be 20.9 +/- 13.1%, and from an identical meal with Lp299v found to be 24.5 +/- 12.0% (mean +/- SD, n = 28), which again was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Freeze-dried Lp299v enhances the absorption of iron when administered together with a meal with a high iron bioavailability.
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18.
  • Hoppe, Michael, et al. (author)
  • Probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v increases iron absorption from an iron-supplemented fruit drink: a double-isotope cross-over single-blind study in women of reproductive age.
  • 2015
  • In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 114:8, s. 1195-1202
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Iron deficiency is common, especially among young women. Adding probiotics to foods could be one way to increase iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-haem iron absorption from a fruit drink is improved by adding Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v). Iron absorption was studied in healthy women of reproductive age using a single-blind cross-over design in two trials applying the double-isotope (55Fe and 59Fe) technique. In Trial 1, iron absorption from a fruit drink containing 109 colony-forming units (CFU) Lp299v was compared with that from a control drink without Lp299v. Trial 2 had the same design but 1010 CFU were used. The test and control drinks contained approximately 5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate and were labelled with 59Fe (B) and 55Fe (A), respectively, and consumed on 4 consecutive days in the order AABB. Retention of the isotopes was measured with whole-body counting and in blood. Mean iron absorption from the drink containing 109 CFU Lp299v (28·6(sd 12·5) %) was significantly higher than from the control drink (18·5(sd 5·8) %), n 10, P<0·028). The fruit drink with 1010 CFU Lp299v gave a mean iron absorption of 29·1(sd 17·0) %, whereas the control drink gave an absorption of (20·1(sd 6·4) %) (n 11, P<0·080). The difference in iron absorption between the 109 CFU Lp299v and the 1010 CFU Lp299v drinks was not significant (P=0·941). In conclusion, intake of probiotics can increase iron absorption by approximately 50 % from a fruit drink having an already relatively high iron bioavailability.
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19.
  • Janicke, Birgit, et al. (author)
  • Differential Effects of Ferulic Acid and p-Coumaric Acid on S Phase Distribution and Length of S Phase in the Human Colonic Cell Line Caco-2
  • 2005
  • In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 53:17, s. 6658-6665
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (p-CA) may mediate the protective effects of whole-grain cereals against colon cancer. Therefore, the effects of FA and p-CA on the metabolic activity, proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, and kinetics of the colonic endothelial tumor cell line Caco-2 was studied. Both compounds at 1500 M decreased the number of cells to 43-75% of control after 2-3 days of treatment. Cell cycle phase distribution and cell cycle kinetics were determined by flow cytometric analysis after bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Each compound at 1500 M decreased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and increased the proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases. Treatment with 1500 M FA significantly increased the length of the S phase, while p-CA did not. It was concluded that FA and p-CA inhibited cell proliferation by presumably affecting different cell cycle phases, and this warrants further investigations because this inhibition may be one explanation for the diet-related protection against cancer.
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20.
  • Janicke, Birgit, et al. (author)
  • The antiproliferative effect of dietary fibre phenolic compounds ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid on the cell cycle in Caco-2 cells
  • 2011
  • In: Nutrition and Cancer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-7914 .- 0163-5581. ; 63, s. 611-622
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that dietary fiber is protective against the development of colon cancer. Dietary fiber is a rich source of the hydroxycinnamic acids ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA), which both may contribute to the protective effect. We have investigated the effects of FA and p-CA treatment on global gene expression in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The Caco-2 cells were treated with 150 μM FA or p-CA for 24 h, and gene expression was analyzed with cDNA microarray technique. A total of 517 genes were significantly affected by FA and 901 by p-CA. As we previously have found that FA or p-CA treatment delayed cell cycle progression, we focused on genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The expressions of a number of genes involved in centrosome assembly, such as RABGAP1 and CEP2, were upregulated by FA treatment as well as the gene for the S phase checkpoint protein SMC1L1. p-CA treatment upregulated CDKN1A expression and downregulated CCNA2, CCNB1, MYC, and ODC1. Some proteins corresponding to the affected genes were also studied. Taken together, the changes found can partly explain the effects of FA or p-CA treatment on cell cycle progression, specifically in the S phase by FA and G(2)/M phase by p-CA treatment.
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21.
  • Johansson Persson, Anna, et al. (author)
  • A high intake of dietary fiber influences C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, but not glucose and lipid metabolism, in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects.
  • 2014
  • In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 53:1, s. 39-48
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate how a diet high in dietary fiber, with several fiber sources included, modulates glucose and lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in humans. METHODS: Subjects (n = 25) aged 58.6 (1.1) years (mean and SD) with a BMI of 26.6 (0.5) kg/m(2) and a total cholesterol (TC) of 5.8 (0.1) mmol/L (mean and SEM) were given a high fiber (HF) and low fiber (LF) diet, in a randomized controlled 5-week crossover intervention, separated by a 3-week washout. The HF diet consisted of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products; one bread roll, one ready meal, and two beverages consumed daily. Equivalent food products, without added fibers, were provided in the LF diet. RESULTS: Total dietary fiber intake was 48.0 g and 30.2 g per day for the HF and LF diet, respectively. Significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed between the diets (P = 0.017) and a significant reduction in fibrinogen within the HF diet (P = 0.044). There were no significant effects in other measured circulating cytokines or in glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a 5-week high dietary fiber intake of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber might reduce the low-grade inflammatory response measured as CRP which could, together with reduced fibrinogen, help to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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23.
  • Johansson Persson, Anna, et al. (author)
  • LC-QTOF/MS metabolomic profiles in human plasma after a 5-week high dietary fiber intake.
  • 2013
  • In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 405:14, s. 4799-4809
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The objective was to investigate the alterations of plasma metabolome profiles to identify exposure and effect markers of dietary fiber intake. Subjects (n = 25) aged 58.6 (1.1) years (mean and SD) with a body mass index of 26.6 (0.5) kg/m(2) were given a high fiber (HF) and a low fiber (LF) diet, in a 5-week randomized controlled crossover intervention. The HF diet consisted of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products, whereas the LF diet was made of equivalent food products to the HF diet, but without adding fibers. Blood plasma samples were collected at the start and end of each intervention period and analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. In total, 6 features in positive mode and 14 features in negative mode were significantly different between the HF and the LF diet (p < 0.01, q < 0.05). Two markers, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-aminophenol sulfate, were increased after HF diet, along with a tentatively identified saponin derived from oat avenacosides. The untargeted metabolomics approach enabled the identification of two new markers of dietary fiber intake in human plasma. Further studies will be needed to verify if these markers could serve as compliance markers of fiber intake.
  •  
24.
  • Lankinen, Maria, et al. (author)
  • A Healthy Nordic Diet Alters the Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Adults with Features of Metabolic Syndrome in a Multicenter Randomized Dietary Intervention
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Nutrition. - New York, USA : Oxford University Press. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 146:4, s. 662-672
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: A healthy Nordic diet is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but the effect on lipidomic profile is not known.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet affects the fasting plasma lipidomic profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome.METHODS: Men and women (n = 200) with features of metabolic syndrome [mean age: 55 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 31.6] were randomly assigned to either a healthy Nordic (n = 104) or a control (n = 96) diet for 18 or 24 wk at 6 centers. Of the participants, 156 completed the study with plasma lipidomic measurements. The healthy Nordic diet consisted of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils and margarines, fish, low-fat milk products, and low-fat meat. An average Nordic diet served as the control diet and included low-fiber cereal products, dairy fat-based spreads, regular-fat milk products, and a limited amount of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, week 12, and the end of the intervention (18 or 24 wk) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The effects of the diets on the lipid variables were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Data from centers with 18- or 24-wk duration were also analyzed separately.RESULTS: Changes in 21 plasma lipids differed significantly between the groups at week 12 (false discovery rate P < 0.05), including increases in plasmalogens and decreases in ceramides in the healthy Nordic diet group compared with the control group. At the end of the study, changes in lipidomic profiles did not differ between the groups. However, when the intervention lasted 24 wk, changes in 8 plasma lipids that had been identified at 12 wk, including plasmalogens, were sustained. There were no differences in changes in plasma lipids between groups with an intervention of 18 wk. By the dietary biomarker score, adherence to diet did not explain the difference in the results related to the duration of the study.CONCLUSIONS: A healthy Nordic diet transiently modified the plasma lipidomic profile, specifically by increasing the concentrations of antioxidative plasmalogens and decreasing insulin resistance-inducing ceramides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
  •  
25.
  • Lazou-Ahrén, Irini, et al. (author)
  • Probiotic-Reduced Inflammaging in Older Adults : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
  • 2024
  • In: Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. - 1867-1306.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The disparity between increased lifespan and healthy aging, marked by prevalent “inflammaging”, highlights the global challenge in care of older persons. This study explored the anti-inflammatory effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LpHEAL9), alone or combined with berries, on older volunteers with chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI). It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, with a total of 66 volunteers (> 70 years old), randomly assigned, and equally distributed, to placebo, LpHEAL9 or LpHEAL9 + Berries group. After a 2-week run-in period, participants underwent a 4-week dietary intervention. Intake of LpHEAL9 showed a trend towards reduction in serum CRP but without reaching statistical significance. However, LpHEAL9 significantly decreased fecal calprotectin levels compared to placebo. LpHEAL9+Berries did not show any effect on inflammation. Both probiotic groups showed a trend in improving cognitive function albeit not reaching statistical significance. Our findings suggest that the probiotic strain L. plantarum HEAL9 has a modest impact on LGI in a healthy older population (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02342496).
  •  
26.
  • Linninge, Caroline, et al. (author)
  • Effects of acute stress provocation on cortisol levels, zonulin and inflammatory markers in low- and high-stressed men
  • 2018
  • In: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 138, s. 48-55
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The virtual version of the Trier Social Stress Test (V-TSST) is an effective and standardized tool for social stress induction. This study aimed to examine gut permeability and physiological and inflammatory markers of reactivity to acute psychosocial stress. Forty young men were classified as high-stressed (HIGHS) or low-stressed (LOWS) according to the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Cardiovascular reactivity and gut dysfunction were studied along with cortisol, zonulin and cytokines. Gut permeability was shown to be affected within one hour after the psychosocial stress induction, and shown to be dependent on age. Interleukin-6 increased with time, most pronounced at the end of the one-hour recovery after V-TSST, and was positively correlated to age. HIGHS experienced more abdominal dysfunction compared to LOWS. In conclusion, this study is the first to show fluctuations in gut permeability after psychosocial stress induction. This was partly associated with changes in inflammatory markers.
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27.
  • Magnusdottir, Ola Kally, et al. (author)
  • Plasma Alkylresorcinols Reflect Important Whole-Grain Components of a Healthy Nordic Diet
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 143:9, s. 1383-1390
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Biomarkers of dietary intake can be important tools in nutrition research. Our aim was to assess whether plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) and beta-carotene concentrations could be used as dietary biomarkers for whole-grain, fruits and vegetables in a healthy Nordic diet (ND). Participants (n = 166), 30-65 y with a body mass index of 27-40 kg/m(2) and two more features of metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation definition, slightly modified), were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomly assigned to an ND or control diet for 18 or 24 wk, depending on study center. Plasma AR and beta-carotene were analyzed and nutrient intake calculated from 4-d food records. Median fiber intake increased in the ND group from 2.5 g/MJ at baseline to 4.1 g/MJ (P < 0.001) at end point (week 18 or 24), and median (IQR) fasting plasma total AR concentration increased from 73 (88) to 106 (108) nmol/L, or 45%, from baseline to end point (P < 0.001). The AR concentration was significantly higher in the ND group (P < 0.001) than in the control group at end point. beta-Carotene intake tended to increase in the ND group (P = 0.07), but the plasma beta-carotene concentration did not change significantly throughout the study and did not differ between the groups at follow-up. In conclusion, an ND resulted in higher dietary fiber intake and increased plasma total AR concentration compared with the control diet, showing that the total AR concentration might be a valid biomarker for an ND in which whole-grain wheat and rye are important components. No significant difference in plasma beta-carotene concentrations was observed between the ND and control groups, suggesting that beta-carotene may not be a sensitive enough biomarker of the ND.
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28.
  • Mårtensson, Olof, et al. (author)
  • Fermented, ropy, oat-based products reduce cholesterol levels and stimulate the bifidobacteria flora in humans
  • 2005
  • In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 25:5, s. 429-442
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This investigation determined the effects of fermented oat-based products containing both native and microbial beta-glucans on plasma lipids and on fecal total bacterial count and Bifidobacterium ssp. The study was randomized, double blind with 3 parallel groups. Sixty-two free-living volunteers with moderately increased plasma cholesterol levels were recruited. In the final analysis, 56 subjects remained, as 6 subjects had left the study either due to lack of time (n = 2), unwillingness to continue the regimen (n = 2), or for other reasons (n = 2). During the first 3 weeks, all subjects received a fermented dairy-based product (control product, run-in period). On the following 5 weeks, I group continued with the control product, whereas the other 2 groups were given fermented oat-based products (intervention period, 3-3.5 g native beta-glucans per day). One of the oat products (ropy) was cofermented with an exopolysaccharide-producing strain, Pediococcus damnosus 2.6. A significant (P = .022) reduction in total cholesterol by 6% was observed in volunteers who had eaten the fermented, ropy, oat-based product compared with the control group. No other significant changes in plasma lipids were found. A significant increase in total bacterial count (P = .001) and Bifidobacterium ssp (P = .012) was observed in fecal samples from volunteers in the group who had eaten the fermented, ropy, oat-based product. This study shows that a fermented, ropy, oat-based product, containing both native and microbial glucans, can reduce the blood cholesterol level and also stimulate the bifidobacteria flora in the gastrointestinal tract. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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29.
  • Naumann, E, et al. (author)
  • beta-Glucan incorporated into a fruit drink effectively lowers serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations
  • 2006
  • In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 1938-3207. ; 83:3, s. 601-605
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: beta-Glucan can reduce serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol. The mechanism of this action is not clear, however, and it is difficult to predict the cholesterol-lowering effect of a food product enriched with beta-glucan. Objectives: We examined the effects of a beta-glucan-enriched fruit juice on serum lipids and lipoproteins and on markers of cholesterol absorption (serum concentrations of plant sterols) and synthesis (serum concentrations of lathosierol). In addition, we measured effects on lipid-soluble antioxidants. Design: After a 3-wk run-in period, healthy subjects consumed daily a fruit drink providing 5 g rice starch [placebo (control) group; n = 22] or beta-glucan from oats (n = 25) for 5 wk (parallel design). At the end of the run-in period and at the end of the intervention, blood samples were taken for analysis of lipids and lipoproteins, noncholesterol sterols, and fat-soluble antioxidants. Changes between the end of the run-in period and the end of the intervention were calculated for each subject. Differences in changes between the groups were analyzed statistically. Results: The differences between the control and beta-glucan groups in the chance in serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol, respectively, were -4.8% (P = 0.012) and -7.7% (P = 0.005). The differences between the groups in the change in serum concentrations of lathosterol and sitosterol were -13% (P = 0.023) and -11 % (P = 0.030), respectively. No significant effects were found on fat-soluble antioxidants. Conclusions: beta-Glucan lowers serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol when incorporated into a fruit drink. A reduced cholesterol absorption contributes to the cholesterol-lowering effect of beta-glucan without affecting plasma concentrations of lipid-soluble antioxidants.
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30.
  • Nilsson, Jessica, et al. (author)
  • Comparison of the 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) methods to asses the total antioxidant capacity in extracts of fruit and vegetables
  • 2005
  • In: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 49:3, s. 239-246
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A comparison was made on the use of two spectrophotometric methods, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and the 2,2 '-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method, for the measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plant foods. The correlations of TAC measured by the two methods were highly significant in both water-soluble (r(2) = 0.90) and water-insoluble extracts (r(2) = 0.98) from 13 strawberry samples. Also a corresponding comparison of TAC in extracts from 14 plant species showed high correlation coefficients, r(2) = 0.98 for water-soluble extracts and r(2) = 0.88 for water-insoluble extracts. The ratio of TAC values obtained with the two methods (ABTS/FRAP) varied between 0.7 and 3.3 for different plant extracts indicating that they contained antioxidants with varying reactivity in the two methods. TACs in six pure antioxidant substances were ranked in the following order by both methods: quercetin > ferulicacid > catechin > rutin > caffeicacid > Trolox = chlorogenic acid. The two methods showed similar TAC values for quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid while ferulic acid and catechin gave higher results with the ABTS method than with the FRAP method, and such differences probably explain the varying ratios of ABTS/FRAP obtained in foods. Regarding storage TAC in water-soluble strawberry extracts stored at -20 or -80 degrees C was stable for at least five months while storage at 4 degrees C decreased the TAC value with 40% during five weeks of storage. The study showed that both the ABTS and FRAP methods can be used for convenient monitoring of the antioxidant capacities in fruit and vegetables, and that different antioxidants had varying reactivity in the two methods.
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31.
  • Persson, Hans, et al. (author)
  • Binding of mineral elements by dietary fibre components in cereals-In vitro (III)
  • 1991
  • In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 40:2, s. 169-183
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The ability of soluble fibre fractions isolated from three different cereals (barley flour, whole grain rye flour and oat bran) to bind copper(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) ions has been studied using a potentiometric method. Considerable association was found between all fibre fractions and metals investigated. The ability of the metal ions to form complexes was found to be in the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≈ Cd(II) for all cereal fibres. The order of interaction for the fibres with metal ions was barley > oats ≈ rye. Between pH 3·5 and 5 phytic acid was an important complexing agent, especially for oats. No metal complexing ability was found for pure β-glucans, isolated from barley.
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32.
  • Sandberg, Ann-Sofie, 1951, et al. (author)
  • Iron Supplements Containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Increase Ferric Iron and Up-regulate the Ferric Reductase DCYTB in Human Caco-2/HT29 MTX Co-Cultures
  • 2018
  • In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 10:Issue 12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Several human interventions have indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v) increases intestinal iron absorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of L. plantarum 299v on the mechanisms of iron absorption on the cellular level. We have previously shown that lactic fermentation of vegetables increased iron absorption in humans. It was revealed that the level of ferric iron [Fe (H2O)5]2+ was increased after fermentation. Therefore, we used voltammetry to measure the oxidation state of iron in simulated gastrointestinal digested oat and mango drinks and capsule meals containing L. plantarum 299v. We also exposed human intestinal co-cultures of enterocytes and goblet cells (Caco-2/HT29 MTX) to the supplements in order to study the effect on proteins possibly involved (MUC5AC, DCYTB, DMT1, and ferritin). We detected an increase in ferric iron in the digested meals and drinks containing L. plantarum 299v. In the intestinal cell model, we observed that the ferric reductase DCYTB increased in the presence of L. plantarum 299v, while the production of mucin (MUC5AC) decreased independently of L. plantarum 299v. In conclusion, the data suggest that the effect of L. plantarum 299v on iron metabolism is mediated through driving the Fe3+/DCYTB axis.
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33.
  • Ulmius, Matilda, et al. (author)
  • An oat branmeal influences blood insulin levels and related gene sets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects
  • 2011
  • In: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 6:4, s. 429-439
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The understanding of how fibre-rich meals regulate molecular events at a gene level is limited. This pilot study aimed to investigate changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects after consumption of an oat bran-rich meal. Fifteen subjects (8 men and 7 women, aged 20-28 years) ingested meals with oat bran or a control meal after an overnight fast. Blood samples for analysis of postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were taken during 3 h, while PBMCs for microarray gene expression profiling from five men and five women were taken before and 2 h after the meal. Analysis of transcriptome data was performed with linear mixed models to determine differentially expressed genes in response either to meal intake or meal content, and enrichment analysis was used to identify functional gene sets responding to meal intake and specifically to oat bran intake. Meal intake as such affected gene expression for genes mainly involved in metabolic stress; indicating increased inflammation due to the switch from fasting to fed state. The oat bran meal affected gene sets associated with a lower insulin level, compared with the control meal. The gene sets included genes involved in insulin secretion and β-cell development, but also protein synthesis and genes related to cancer diseases. The oat bran meal also significantly lowered postprandial blood insulin IAUC compared to control. Further studies are needed to compare these acute effects with the long-term health effects of oat bran.
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34.
  • Ulmius, Matilda, et al. (author)
  • Gastrointestinal conditions influence the solution behaviour of cereal beta-glucans in vitro
  • 2012
  • In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7072 .- 0308-8146. ; 130:3, s. 536-540
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The solution behaviour of b-glucans in a gastrointestinal model was investigated in order to explore the mechanisms explaining the physiological effects of the soluble fibre. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation was used to determine the molar mass distribution, and in-line calcofluor labelling allowed specific detection of b-glucans in complex samples. When dispersed in water, weight-average molar mass (Mw) was determined to 1 * 10^6 g/mol for pure oat and barley b-glucans, and 200 * 10^6 g/mol for b-glucans in oat bran, indicating that the b-glucans were aggregating. Samples from the gastric digestion displayed disrupted aggregates, while samples from the small intestinal digestion contained re-formed aggregates. Additionally, the aggregates from pure b-glucans were considerably denser after intestinal digestion. This may be construed as gel-formation in the small intestine, which should be tested for its relevance to health effects. Our results signal the difficulties in predicting b-glucan activity in the gastrointestinal tract purely from analysis of the fibre-rich product.
  •  
35.
  • Ulmius, Matilda, et al. (author)
  • Gastrointestinal Release of beta-Glucan and Pectin Using an In Vitro Method
  • 2011
  • In: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 88:4, s. 385-390
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The release of soluble dietary fiber is a prerequisite for viscous effects and hence beneficial health properties. A simple in vitro method was adapted to follow the release during gastrointestinal digestion, and the percentage of solubilized fiber was measured over time. beta-Glucan from oat bran was mainly released during gastric digestion while the release of pectin from sugar beet fiber continued in the small intestine. Unmilled fractions of sugar beet fiber released more soluble fiber than oat bran flakes, probably due to the porous structure of sugar beet fiber as a result of manufacturing processes, but also clue to differences in source. Milling to smaller fiber particles significantly improved releasability (from 20 to 55% released beta-glucan and from 50 to 70% released pectin, respectively, after digestion). When milled fibers were included in individual food matrices, the release was reduced by protein and starch matrices (5% beta-glucan and 35% pectin released, respectively) and slowed by fat (45% beta-glucan and 60% pectin released). This may result in a too low or too late release in the upper small intestine to be able to interfere with macronutrient uptake. The method may be suitable for predicting the gastrointestinal release of soluble dietary fibers from food matrices in the development of healthy food products.
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36.
  •  
37.
  •  
38.
  • Ulmius, Matilda, et al. (author)
  • Solution behavior of barley beta-glucan as studied with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation
  • 2012
  • In: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X. ; 26:1, s. 175-180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract in UndeterminedPhysicochemical properties of cereal beta-glucans, associated with beneficial health effects, are related to their solution behavior and possibly to their propensity to form aggregates. Such properties are often analyzed with methods that may influence the aggregates per se. In this paper, the effect of processing on solution behavior of pure barley b-glucan was studied using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), a method which is capable of analyzing the present aggregates. Molar mass distributions were determined by in-line multi-angle light scattering and refractive index detectors. Unprocessed samples had a main fraction of aggregates with a weight-average molar mass of 2.8 * 10^6 g/mol. Microwave heating to 100C reduced the largest aggregates, while heating to 121C prominently decreased the molar mass. Frozen storage for 1 week did not influence the aggregation, but repeated freezeethaw cycles changed the structure of aggregates in a way that suggests cryogelation. The influence of processing conditions on solution behavior might explain why differently processed food products containing b-glucan have given different health effects. Experiments with the aim to eliminate aggregates demonstrated that filtration (0.45 mm) prior to analysis resulted in disruption of the largest aggregates, indicating that these aggregates will not be detected when filtration is used. Dissolution in NaOH solution, one of few solvents reported to eliminate aggregates, resulted in retained molar mass. UsingAsFlFFF to study the solution behavior of b-glucans is a gentle method to analyze subtle changes of physicochemical properties.
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39.
  • Ulmius, Matilda, et al. (author)
  • The influence of dietary fibre source and gender on the postprandial glucose and lipid response in healthy subjects.
  • 2009
  • In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 48, s. 395-402
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Consumption of soluble dietary fibre is correlated with decreased postprandial glucose and insulin responses and hence has beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects on postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations of meals enriched with soluble dietary fibres from oats, rye bran, sugar beet fibre or a mixture of these three fibres. METHODS: Thirteen healthy human volunteers (6 men and 7 women, aged 20-28 years) were included in the study. The subjects came to the study centre once a week after an overnight fast to ingest test meals and a control meal in random order. The meals contained either oat powder (62 g, of which 2.7 soluble fibre), rye bran (31 g, of which 1.7 g soluble fibre), sugar beet fibre (19 g, of which 5 g soluble fibre), a mixture of these three fibres (74 g, of which 1.7 g soluble fibre from each source, giving 5 g soluble fibre) or no added fibre (control) and were all adjusted to contain the same total amount of available carbohydrates. Blood samples were drawn before and every 30 min up to 180 min after the meals. RESULTS: Meals with rye bran gave a lower postprandial glucose peak when compared with the control meal, and this effect was more pronounced in women compared to men. Oat powder, containing a low amount of total fibre and a high amount of carbohydrates in liquid matrix, gave a higher incremental glucose peak concentration compared to rye bran and sugar beet fibre and higher insulin incremental area under curve compared to control. The oat powder also influenced the effects of the mixed meal, diminishing the glucose-lowering effects. Postprandial triglyceride levels tended to be higher after all fibre-rich meals, but only significant for oat powder and the mixed meal when compared with the control meal. CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations are influenced by dietary fibre-rich meals, depending on fibre source, dose of soluble and total fibre and possibly gender.
  •  
40.
  • Uusitupa, M., et al. (author)
  • Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome : a randomized study (SYSDIET)
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 274:1, s. 52-66
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome. Methods We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55years, BMI 31.6kgm-2, 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. Results Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmolL-1 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P=0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P=0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P=0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37ngL-1, P= 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P=0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P=0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra. Conclusions Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
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41.
  • Volman, Julia, et al. (author)
  • The absence of functional dectin-1 on enterocytes may serve to prevent intestinal damage.
  • 2010
  • In: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 1473-5687. ; 22, s. 88-94
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Enterocytes are exposed to antigens present in the intestinal lumen, like beta-glucans that are carbohydrate structures present not only in the cell wall of yeast and fungi but also in cereals. Beta-glucans are known for their immune modulating properties and we have earlier reported an increased immune response by enterocytes after addition of fecal water prepared from ileostomic contents obtained from participants consuming an oat beta-glucan diet versus a placebo diet. We hypothesized that our observation of immune stimulating effects by oat beta-glucan in enterocytes was mediated through the beta-glucan receptor dectin-1. METHODS: Presence of dectin-1 in enterocytes was examined by reverse transcriptase PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry followed by an evaluation of the functional involvement of dectin-1 by using dectin-1 inhibitors during fecal water incubations. RESULTS: Reverse transcriptase PCR and western blot analysis showed dectin-1 presence in the INT407 and Caco-2 NF-kappaB reporter enterocyte cell lines. Moreover, human enterocytes isolated from ileum or colon biopsies also contained dectin-1 protein. However, dectin-1 expression could not be confirmed by flow cytometry in INT407 cells, suggesting that in these cell lines dectin-1 is not expressed at the extracellular membrane. Furthermore, dectin-1 inhibitors did not suppress the beta-glucan containing fecal water-induced IL-8 production by INT407 cells and NF-kappaB transactivation by Caco-2 NF-kappaB reporter cells. CONCLUSION: INT407 and Caco-2 NF-kappaB reporter cells seem to express no functional dectin-1. The absence of this pattern recognition receptor may function to protect the intestine against inflammatory damage, as the dectin-1 ligand beta-glucan is largely present in the intestinal lumen.
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42.
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43.
  • Zhang, Huanmei, et al. (author)
  • Nutritional properties of oat-based beverages as affected by processing and storage
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 1097-0010 .- 0022-5142. ; 87:12, s. 2294-2301
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Oat-based beverages enriched with vitamins and minerals were produced with common hydrothermal treatments and stored at 22 degrees C for 64 weeks. The effects of decanting on the retention of native vitamins, minerals and fatty acids, and different UHT holding time (5 s or 20 s) at 140 degrees C on vitamins were investigated. Fatty acid profile, vitamin retention and dissolved oxygen concentration were monitored during storage. The decanting process caused a 47% increase of vitamin 136 and a 45-74% loss of phosphorus, zinc, calcium and iron. The steam-injection UHT treatment caused a 60% loss of vitamin D-3 for both holding times and a 30% loss of vitamin B-12 for 20 s. During 1 year of storage, oleic and linoleic acids were stable, whereas linolenic acid decreased only slightly, even in the iron-enriched variety. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased to a low value of 0.71 mg L-1 and reached a balance after 16 weeks. Most enriched vitamins except vitamins A, D-3 and B-12 were stable during ambient storage. Oat-based beverages with highly retained vitamins can be manufactured by adding vitamins prior to direct UHT treatment with a shorter holding time. Additionally, iron enrichment of such beverages, without affecting the fatty acid profile, can be achieved by filter sterilisation.
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44.
  • Zhao, Jing Hua, et al. (author)
  • Body vitamin D content and its relationship with body composition of children in Huairou district of Beijing
  • 2010
  • In: Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi. - 0254-6450. ; 31:1, s. 34-38
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To analyze vitamin D concentration and its association with body composition of children in Huairou district of Beijing, to provide evidence for evaluation and improvement of nutritional status of vitamin D in children. METHODS: Totally, 381 children aged 7 - 11 years were recruited in Huairou district of Beijing (40.3 degrees N). Samples of overnight fasting venous blood (drawn between 0630 and 0900) were obtained in late March. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]concentration was determined by ELISA kits (IDS Ltd, UK). Body composition indices of the whole body, the distal and proximal forearm were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Norland, USA). RESULTS: The average serum 25(OH)D concentration of all subjects was (44.4 +/- 12.5) nmol/L. The percentage of vitamin D insufficient [serum 25(OH)D
  •  
45.
  • Önning, Gunilla (author)
  • Cereal beta-glucans: use in foods to improve functionality and health.
  • 2005
  • In: Food Science and Technology (London). - 1475-3324. ; 19:2, s. 20-22
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The EU beta-glucan project is discussed together with the important diet related health issues, coronary heart disease and diabetes. Aspects considered include: effects of life-style and diet on the development of disease; the ability of cereal beta-glucans to lower plasma lipid levels and improve glucose tolerence; characteristics of beta-glucans; beta-glucans preparation and characterization; design of new food prototypes and consumer acceptance studies; and the physiological effects of beta-glucan preparations and enriched food prototypes in animal models and humans.
  •  
46.
  • Önning, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Consumption of oat milk for 5 weeks lowers serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in free-living men with moderate hypercholesterolemia
  • 1999
  • In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 43:5, s. 301-309
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of a newly developed oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber would result in lower serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. The study had a randomized, controlled double-blind design, and oat milk was compared with an identically flavored control drink. Sixty-six men were recruited from a screening program and were randomly assigned to two groups. Each group took either oat milk or a control drink (rice milk) for 5 weeks (0.75 liters/day) and then switched to the other drink regimen for another 5-week period with a 5-week washout period between the test periods. The oat milk contained more dietary fiber, especially β-glucan (0.5 g/100 g), than the control drink (< 0.02 g/100 g). Both drinks were well appreciated and got similar sensory evaluation, indicating that the double-blind design had been attained. In the final analysis 52 subjects remained. Compared with the control drink, intake of oat milk resulted in significantly lower serum total cholesterol (6, p = 0.005) and LDL cholesterol (6, p = 0.036) levels. The decrease in LDL cholesterol was more pronounced if the starting value was higher (r = -0.55, p < 0.001). The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different after consumption of the two drinks. Serum triglycerides did not change significantly after intake of oat milk, but a significant increase was observed after intake of the control drink (p = 0.003). It is concluded that also oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber has cholesterol-reducing properties. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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47.
  • Önning, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Grundläggande näringslära
  • 2005
  • In: Functional foods : nutrition, medicin och livsmedelsvetenskap. - 9144030657
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
48.
  • Önning, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Influence of a drink containing different antioxidants and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on plasma total antioxidant capacity, selenium status and faecal microbial flora
  • 2003
  • In: International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-3478 .- 0963-7486. ; 54:4, s. 281-289
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to investigate whether a supplement of antioxidants to subjects with a high working pace can influence the antioxidant capacity. The study was parallel and double blind with 98 subjects randomised into two groups. One of the groups was given a test drink with antioxidants for 4 weeks (450 ml/day) while the other group took a corresponding amount of placebo drink. The test drink contained: 2 mg beta-carotene/100 ml, 40 mg alpha-tocopherol/100 ml, 80 mg ascorbic acid/100 ml, 2 mg pyridoxine/100 ml, 15 mg magnesium/100 ml, 0.2 mg manganese/100 ml, 1 mg zinc/100 ml, 0.1 mg copper/100 ml and 10 μg selenium/100 ml. Consumption of the test drink for 4 weeks increased the total plasma antioxidant capacity by 7% (ferric reducing ability of plasma method, P<0.05 compared with the placebo group), and the content of selenium and selenoprotein P in serum was raised by 16-17% (P<0.001 compared with the placebo group). No significant changes were found in the placebo group. The test drink also contained Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (5×107 cfu/ml) and 4 weeks' consumption led to a significant increase of Lb. plantarum 299v in the faeces. In conclusion, consumption of a drink rich in different antioxidants can increase the antioxidant capacity in subjects with a high working pace. This can be valuable since it may increase the protection against reactive oxygen radicals.
  •  
49.
  • Önning, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 Improves Cognition in Moderately Stressed Subjects : A Randomized Controlled Study
  • 2023
  • In: Nutrients. - 2072-6643. ; 15:15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The usage of probiotics has expanded beyond the areas of gut and immune health improvement. Several studies have shown the positive impact associated between probiotics and stress, cognition, and mood; a relationship referred to as the gut–brain axis. Method: The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LPHEAL9) on the gut–brain axis in subjects with moderate stress. One hundred and twenty-nine subjects aged 21–52 years completed the study, randomized to consume either LPHEAL9 (n = 65) or placebo (n = 64) for 12 weeks. Results: Perceived stress and awakening cortisol were significantly reduced over time in both groups. A significant improvement in four cognition tests after consumption of LPHEAL9 compared to placebo was observed (rapid information processing test, numeric working memory test, paired associated learning, and word recall, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a significantly better improvement in the LPHEAL9 group for three mood subscales (Confusion–Bewilderment, Anger–Hostility, and Depression–Dejection) and for fewer subjects with poor sleep in the LPHEAL9 group compared to placebo (p < 0.10). Conclusions: Intake of LPHEAL9 significantly improved cognitive functions compared to the placebo, potentially by ameliorating aspects of mood and sleep.
  •  
50.
  • Önning, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 reduces the inflammatory markers soluble fractalkine and CD163 during acute stress : A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study
  • 2020
  • In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 225
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The intestine and the brain are connected via the brain-gut axis and the intestinal microbiota influences the immune activation and signaling molecules that are involved in the stress response. The aim of the study was to investigate if intake of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LPHEAL9) for four weeks could counteract elevated cortisol and inflammation levels in subjects with chronic stress that are exposed to an acute stress test (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). Seventy participants were included, and 63 participants completed the study (LPHEAL9, n = 32; placebo, n = 31). Cardiovascular reactivity and cortisol levels were affected by the TSST, but no differences between the groups were observed. Intake of LPHEAL9 did, however, result in significantly decreased plasma levels of two inflammatory markers (soluble fractalkine and CD163) compared to placebo. In conclusion, intake of LPHEAL9 for four weeks may reduce inflammatory markers coupled to acute stress in chronically stressed individuals.
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