| 1. |
- Baier, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Captive Innovation Offshoring on the Effectiveness of Organizational Adaptation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of International Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1075-4253. ; 21:2, s. 150-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effects of captive offshoring of innovation activities on the firms' ability to adapt their organizational structures. Basing our arguments on the complexity theory, we use three consecutive waves of the German part of the Community Innovation Survey to test our hypotheses. We find an inverted u-shape of innovation offshoring on the effectiveness of organizational adaptability, implying an optimal threshold value of innovation offshoring. This value is 11% for the share of off shored R&D, 15% for downstream innovation activities such as local market adaptation, and 34% for design activities. We also analyze several contingency variables. In particular, we show that the costs of innovation offshoring in terms of reduced organizational adaptation are increased by a regional dispersion of the offshoring activities and strong embeddedness in onshore networks. We also show that smaller firms find it easier to deal with the management complexity induced by geographical dispersion of innovation activities. 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez Caceres, Alex Arnoldo, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cost-effective measures for the renovation of existing dwellings in the framework of the energy certification system: A case study in Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) for existing dwellings has not been able to promote the renovation rate. The main reasons are associated with the low quality of the assessment and renovation recommendations provided. These are not able to provide the information or confidence needed to undertake a renovation project. So far, neither reports for the EPBD nor studies by researchers have proposed modifications to the model used to assess existing buildings under the EPBD. The present research proposes a procedure to evaluate, design improvements, store and share data on the renovation process of each building. Specifically, the procedure is based on three steps, the first one is to apply simplified measurements on the dwelling, laser scanning and envelope testing. The second stage, using the electricity consumption data, was to calibrate and calculate the thermal properties of the building. Finally, tailor-made recommendations for the whole life cycle of the house are proposed and stored in a database. After an optimisation and life cycle analysis of different measurement packages. The results show that by incorporating currently available tools, such as scanners, smart meters and BIM, a complete building condition profile can be obtained, stored and shared, and renovation measures with their benefits and costs can be realistically proposed. This study is in line with what has been proposed by previous studies, the need to digitise the certification system, to use new technologies and to capture the trust of the users.
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| 5. |
- Grünig, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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A harmonized database of European forest simulations under climate change
- 2024
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - 2352-3409. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process-based forest models combine biological, physical, and chemical process understanding to simulate forest dynamics as an emergent property of the system. As such, they are valuable tools to investigate the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. Specifically, they allow testing of hypotheses regarding long-term ecosystem dynamics and provide means to assess the impacts of climate scenarios on future forest development. As a consequence, numerous local-scale simulation studies have been conducted over the past decades to assess the impacts of climate change on forests. These studies apply the best available models tailored to local conditions, parameterized and evaluated by local experts. However, this treasure trove of knowledge on climate change responses remains underexplored to date, as a consistent and harmonized dataset of local model simulations is missing. Here, our objectives were (i) to compile existing local simulations on forest development under climate change in Europe in a common database, (ii) to harmonize them to a common suite of output variables, and (iii) to provide a standardized vector of auxiliary environmental variables for each simulated location to aid subsequent investigations. Our dataset of European stand- and landscape-level forest simulations contains over 1.1 million simulation runs representing 135 million simulation years for more than 13,000 unique locations spread across Europe. The data were harmonized to consistently describe forest development in terms of stand structure (dominant height), composition (dominant species, admixed species), and functioning (leaf area index). Auxiliary variables provided include consistent daily climate information (temperature, precipitation, radiation, vapor pressure deficit) as well as information on local site conditions (soil depth, soil physical properties, soil water holding capacity, plant-available nitrogen). The present dataset facilitates analyses across models and locations, with the aim to better harness the valuable information contained in local simulations for large-scale policy support, and for fostering a deeper understanding of the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems in Europe.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Janger, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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The EU 2020 innovation indicator : A step forward in measuring innovation outputs and outcomes?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 46:1, s. 30-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In October 2013, the European Commission presented a new indicator intended to capture innovation outputs and outcomes and thereby “support policy-makers in establishing new or reinforced actions to remove bottlenecks that prevent innovators from translating ideas into products and services that can be successful on the market”. This article aims to evaluate the usefulness of the new indicator against the background of the difficulties in measuring innovation outputs and outcomes. We develop a unique conceptual framework for measuring innovation outcomes that distinguishes structural change and structural upgrading as two key dimensions in both manufacturing and services. We conclude that the new indicator is biased towards a somewhat narrowly defined “high-tech” understanding of innovation outcomes. We illustrate our framework proposing a broader set of outcome indicators capturing also structural upgrading. We find that the results for the modified indicator differ substantially for a number of countries, with potentially wide-ranging consequences for innovation and industrial policies.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lagercrantz, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Plötzlicher Säuglingstod in Schweden
- 1987
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Ingår i: Die Blätter - Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Plötzlichen Säuglingtods. ; :4, s. 21-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Lundh, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Effective action approach to a trapped Bose gas
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - : APS Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 66:3, s. 033607-12 p
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effective-action formalism is applied to a gas of bosons. The equations describing the condensate and the excitations are obtained using the loop expansion for the effective action. For a homogeneous gas, the expansion in terms of the diluteness parameter is identified in terms of the loop expansion. The loop expansion and the limits of validity of the well-known Bogoliubov [J. Phys. (Moscow) 11, 23 (1947)] and Popov, (Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 47, 1759 (1964) [Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1185 (1965)]) equations are examined analytically for a homogeneous dilute Bose gas and numerically for a gas trapped in a harmonic-oscillator potential. The expansion to one-loop order, and hence the Bogoliubov equation, is shown to be valid for the zero-temperature trapped gas as long as the characteristic length of the trapping potential exceeds the s-wave scattering length.
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| 11. |
- Rammer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration on the few : mechanisms behind a falling share of innovative firms in Germany
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 47:2, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation activities in the German business sector showed two opposing trends over the past two decades: While total innovation expenditures grew substantially, the number of firms conducting innovation activities fell sharply. In this paper, we explore the mechanisms behind the declining trend in the share of innovation active firms. Considering both input (R&D activities) and output (introduction of innovations), we model innovation decisions as a multi-stage process using continuous-time Markov chain analysis. We base our analyses on a 14-year panel from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey. Our results show that smaller firms and firms in sectors with less innovation competition are more likely to stop innovating. We also show that better financial situation and public funding can mitigate the trend towards a falling share of innovating and R&D-performing firms.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Rammer, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Counting quantum fluctuations of particle density
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annalen der Physik. - Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0003-3804 .- 1521-3889. ; 524:3-4, s. 163-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods of charge projectors using special gauge transformations for tagging particles are presented. Such engineering of a many-body wave function allows extracting information regarding properties of a physical system beyond average values. The method is first used to establish under which circumstances the properties of particle currents can be understood as discrete transfers of particles from one region to another. Next, the method is extended to show that in a tunnel junction coupled to a two-level system, the transmission of electrical noise causes decoherence and thereby a projective measurement of the two-level system as encoded by the amount of tunnelled charge. Finally the method is extended to deal with the exceptional circumstance where a measurement on a system with a large number of particles gives macroscopically distinguishable outcomes that are unpredictable, the observed interference pattern of interfering BEC's.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Rammer, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum measurement in the charge representation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : APS Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70, s. 115327-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Counting statistics of charge transfers in a point contact interacting with an arbitrary quantum system is studied. The theory for the charge specific density matrix is developed, allowing the evaluation of the probability of the outcome of any joint measurement of the state of the quantum system and the transferred charge. Applying the method of charge projectors, the master equation for the charge specific density matrix is derived in the tunneling Hamiltonian model of the point contact. As an example, the theory is applied to a quantum measurement of a two-state system: The evolution of the charge specific density matrix in the presence of Nyquist or Schottky noise is studied and the conditions for the realization of a projective measurement are established.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Rammer, L, et al.
(författare)
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Protection against the impairment of renal function after intravascular coagulation in the rat kidney by increased ingestion of sodium chloride.
- 1975
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rats were kept for 4 weeks on a dietary regimen with a low or high sodium intake to increase or reduce, respectively, the renin activity of the kidneys and plasma. Fibrinolysis was inhibited by intravenous injection of AMCA and thrombin was infused into the jugular vein, giving rise to heavy intravascular fibrin deposition in the kidneys. Shortly after the thrombin infusion the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased equally in saline-loaded and normal rats. 48 h after the thrombin infusion the GFR was still markedly reduced in saline-deprived and normal rats but had returned to preinfusion values in the saline-loaded rats. The results might indicate that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the presistence of the renal functional impairment after intravascular coagulation in the rat kidney.
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| 21. |
- Rodhe, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Application of slurry to ley by band spreading and injection methods
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biosystems Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-5110 .- 1537-5129. ; 83:1, s. 107-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, 90% of the total amount of ammonia released to air originates from agriculture, e.g. manure handling. Incorporation of slurry into soil can reduce ammonia emissions after spreading. The objective of this study was to compare cattle slurry application to ley using (1) band spreading, (2) pressurized injection, and shallow injection with two different types of disc tines (3) and (4). Two years of field experiments were conducted to study slurry position after spreading, ammonia volatilization, grass yield, and silage quality. An economic analysis was also performed. Injection (2) and (3) were unable to satisfactorily incorporate the slurry, neither on a loam under dry soil conditions, nor on a clay soil. Year 1, high ammonia emissions were measured following application by all methods. Injector (3) with V-shaped disc tines gave a significantly (probability P<0.05) higher ammonia release compared to the other methods. Injector (3) also gave a significantly better silage quality than band spreading. Year 2, injector (4) with tines consisting of two-angled disc coulters resulted in the lowest ammonia losses. Certain differences in yield were observed in year 2. Computer simulations showed, that broadcast and band spreading were economically more profitable than shallow injection. © 2002 Silsoe Research Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Schubert, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Firm capabilities, technological dynamism and the internationalisation of innovation : A behavioural approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of International Business Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2506 .- 1478-6990. ; 49:1, s. 70-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a behavioural framework of bounded rational decision-making under uncertainty to analyse the role of technological dynamism in the firm’s environment for its decision to internationalise innovation. Applying prospect theory, we argue that technological uncertainty in the firm’s environment affects its risk preferences differently depending on its technological capabilities. A key prediction is that firms with low capabilities will internationalise innovation when faced by technological uncertainty while firms with high capabilities will concentrate their innovation at the home-base. We also argue that our behavioural approach based on prospect theory is not a stand-alone programme but benefits from the integration with traditional concepts in IB. In particular, we make a case that organisational measures fostering absorptive capacity, such as intensive personnel exchange between headquarters and subsidiaries, can help to attenuate the high-capability firms’ tendency to concentrate innovation at the home-base when faced by high uncertainty. We corroborate the predictions of our framework based on data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey.
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| 26. |
- Shelankov, Andrei, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Charge transfer counting statistics revisited
- 2003
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 63:4, s. 485-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charge transfer statistics of quantum particles is obtained by analysing the time evolution of the many-body wave function. Exploiting properly chosen gauge transformations, we construct the probabilities for transfers of a discrete number of particles. Generally, the derived formula for counting statistics differs from the one previously obtained by Levitov et al. (J. Math. Phys., 37 (1996) 4845). The two formulae agree only if the initial state is prohibited from being a superposition of different charge states. Their difference is illustrated for cases of a single particle and a tunnel junction, and the role of charge coherence is demonstrated
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| 27. |
- Shelankov, Andrei, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Counting statistics of interfering Bose-Einstein condensates
- 2008
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : EPL. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 83:6, s. 6002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is presented that is able to predict the probability of outcomes of snapshot measurements, such as the images of the instantaneous particle density distribution in a quantum many-body system. It is shown that a gauge-like transformation of the phase of the many-body wave function allows one to construct a probability generating functional, the Fourier transform of which with respect to the “gauge” field returns the joint probability distribution to detect any given number of particles at various locations. The method is applied to the problem of interference of two independent clouds of Bose-Einstein condensates, where the initially separated clouds with fixed boson numbers expand and the density profile image of the overlapping clouds is registered. In the limit of large particle numbers, the probability to observe a particular image of the density profile is shown to be given by a sum of partial probability distributions, each of which corresponds to a noisy image of interference of two matter waves with definite phase difference. In agreement with earlier theoretical arguments, interference fringes are, therefore, expected in any single shot measurement, the fringe pattern randomly varying from run to run. These results conform to the physical picture where the Bose-Einstein clouds are in spontaneously symmetry broken states, the hidden phases of which are revealed by the density profile measurement via the position of the interference fringes.
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| 28. |
- Ståhl, E, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effect of angiotensin II inhibition on acute renal failure after intravascular coagulation in the rat.
- 1981
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 29:5-6, s. 250-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infusion of thrombin and the fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid during ether anaesthesia in the rat gives rise to fibrin deposition in the renal glomeruli. This resulted in renal insufficiency as indicated by an increase in the serum urea nitrogen, reduction in the renal blood flow and patchy cortical necrosis in the kidneys. The plasma renin activity was elevated initially probably due to the ether anaesthesia. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin prevented the renal insufficiency if it was given during the thrombin infusion but not if it was given afterwards. The deposition of fibrin in the kidneys was also reduced. The results indicate that angiotensin II is involved in the pathogenesis of the renal injury.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Wabnig, Joachim, 1976-
(författare)
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Measuring quantum systems with a tunnel junction
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is concerned with employing the statistics of charge transfer in a conductor as a tool for quantum measurement. The physical systems studied are electronic devices made by nanoscale manufacturing techniques. In this context quantum measurement appears not as a postulate, but as physical process. In this thesis I am considering a quantum system, in particular a qubit or a nanomechanical resonator, interacting with a tunnel junction. The effect of coupling a quantum system to a tunnel junction is twofold: The state of the quantum system will be changed and there will be information about the quantum system in the statistics of charge transfer of the tunnel junction. As the first example a quantum measurement process of a qubit is considered. A common description of the system and charge dynamics is found by introducing a new quantity, the charge specific density matrix. By deriving and solving a Markovian master equation for this quantity the measurement process is analyzed. The measurement is shown to be a dynamical process, where correlations between the initial state of the qubit and the number of charges transferred in the tunnel junction arise on a typical timescale, the measurement time. As another example of a quantum system a nanomechanical oscillator is considered. It is found, that the biased tunnel junction, acting as a non-equilibrium environment to the oscillator, increases the temperature of the oscillator from its thermal equilibrium value. The current in the junction is modulated by the interaction with the oscillator, but the influence vanishes for bias voltages smaller than the oscillator frequency. For an asymmetric junction and non-vanishing oscillator momentum a current is shown to flow through the junction even at zero bias. The current noise spectrum induced by the oscillator in the tunnel junction consists of a noise floor and a peaked structure with peaks at zero frequency, the oscillator frequency and double the oscillator frequency. The peak heights are dependent on the coupling strength between oscillator and junction, the occupation number of the oscillator, the bias voltage and the junction temperature. I show how the peak height can be used as a measure of the oscillator temperature, demonstrating that the noise of a tunnel junction can be used for electronic thermometry of a nanomechanical oscillator.
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| 32. |
- Wabnig, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Noise spectrum of a tunnel junction coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : AIP Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75:20, s. 205319-13 p
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nanomechanical resonator coupled to a tunnel junction is studied. The oscillator modulates the transmission of the junction, changing the current and the noise spectrum. The influence of the oscillator on the noise spectrum of the junction is investigated, and the noise spectrum is obtained for arbitrary frequencies, temperatures, and bias voltages. We find that the noise spectrum consists of a noise floor and a peaked structure with peaks at zero frequency, the oscillator frequency, and twice the oscillator frequency. The influence of the oscillator vanishes if the bias voltage of the junction is lower than the oscillator frequency. We demonstrate that the peak at the oscillator frequency can be used to determine the oscillator occupation number, showing that the current noise in the junction functions as a thermometer for the oscillator.
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| 33. |
- Wabnig, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Statistics of charge transfer in a tunnel junction coupled to an oscillator
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - New York : American institute of physics. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 72:16, s. 165347-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The charge transfer statistics of a tunnel junction coupled to a quantum object is studied using the charge projection technique. The joint dynamics of the quantum object and the number of charges transferred through the junction is described by the charge specific density matrix. The method allows evaluating the joint probability distribution of the state of the quantum object and the charge state of the junction. The statistical properties of the junction current are derived from the charge transfer statistics using the master equation for the charge specific density matrix. The theory is applied to a nanoelectromechanical system, and the influence on the average current and the current noise of the junction is obtained for coupling to a harmonic oscillator.
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| 34. |
- Weitzmann, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Presentation of the international building physics toolbox for Simulink
- 2003
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Ingår i: IBPSA 2003 Eindhoven, the Netherlands. ; , s. 1369-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international building physics toolbox (IBPT) is a software library specially constructed for HAM system analysis in building physics. The toolbox is constructed as a modular structure of the standard building elements using the graphical programming language Simulink. Two research groups have participated in this project. In order to enable the development of the toolbox, a common modelling platform was defined: a set of unique communication signals, material database and documentation protocol. The IBPT is open source and publicly available on the Internet. Any researcher and student can use, expand, and develop the contents of the toolbox. This paper presents the structure and the backbone of the library. Three examples are given to visualize the possibilities of the toolbox.
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| 35. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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