| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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Abandoning intolerance in a tolerant society : the influence of length of residence on the recognition of political rights among immigrants
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents and empirically evaluates the idea that individual level political tolerance is influenced by the overall tolerance in society. Hence, the expectation is that more politically tolerant attitudes would be developed as a consequence of exposure to a social environment in which people in general are more inclined to accept freedom of speech, also when the message (or the messenger as such) challenges one’s own values and beliefs. The theoretical base of the analyses is a learning model, according to which more broad-minded and permissive attitudes, from a democratic point of view, are adopted as a result of (1) an adjustment stimulated by mere observation of an overall high-level of political tolerance in society (‘passive learning’), and (2) an adjustment due to cognition and interaction within important spheres in society (‘active learning’). Using surveydata, we explore empirically how length of residence among immigrants in high-tolerance Sweden are related to attitudinal measures of political tolerance, and to what extent a time-related effect is mediated through participation in ‘learning institutions’ of education, working-life, civil society and political involvement. In concert with expectations, the empirical findings suggest that an observed positive effect of time in Sweden on political tolerance may be explained by a gradual adoption of the principle that political rights should be recognized. Such an adoption, however, seems to require participation in activities of learning institutions, as we find that passive learning alone is not sufficient.
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| 3. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Can’t, won’t, or no one to ask? : Explaining why more recently arrived immigrants know less about Swedish politics
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Immigrants in Western countries in general participate less in politics, and show lower levels of political efficacy, than native-born citizens. Research is scarce when it comes to immigrants’ knowledge about politics and public affairs in their new home country, and about what happens with this knowledge over the years. This paper focuses on immigrants in Sweden, a country known for ambitious multicultural policies, but where immigrants also face disadvantages in areas such as labor and housing markets. Utilizing particularly suitable survey data we find that immigrants in general know less about Swedish politics than natives, but also that this difference disappears with time. Exploring the positive influence of length of residence on political knowledge, the paper shows that the positive effect of time in Sweden among immigrants remains after controlling for an extensive set of background factors. Moreover, the paper examines this political learning effect through the lens of an Ability– Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model. The findings suggest that the development of an actual ability to learn about Swedish politics—via education in Sweden, and by improved Swedish language skills—is an especially important explanation for the increase in political knowledge.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Political integration in practice : explaining a time-dependent increase in political knowledge among immigrants in Sweden
- 2018
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In: Social Inclusion. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-2803. ; 6:3, s. 248-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scholarly findings suggest that immigrants in Western countries, in general, participate less in politics and show lower levels of political efficacy than native-born citizens. Research is scarce, however, when it comes to immigrants’ knowledge about politics and public affairs in their new home country, and what happens with this knowledge over the years. This article focuses on immigrants in Sweden, a country known for ambitious multicultural policies, but where immigrants also face disadvantages in areas such as labor and housing markets. Utilizing particularly suitable survey data we find that immigrants, in general, know less about Swedish politics than natives, but also that this difference disappears with time. Exploring the influence of time of residence on political knowledge, the article shows that the positive effect of time in Sweden among immigrants remains after controlling for an extensive set of background factors. Moreover, the article examines this political learning effect through the lens of an Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model. The findings suggest that the development of an actual ability to learn about Swedish politics—via education in Sweden, and by improved Swedish language skills—is an especially important explanation for the increase in political knowledge.
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| 6. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Political Trust as Modest Expectations : Exploring Immigrants' Falling Confidence in Swedish Political Institutions
- 2015
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In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 5:3, s. 107-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Political trust among immigrants in Western Europe seems to be surprisingly high, especially among immigrants from non-democratic countries with institutions plagued by corruption. Over time, however, trust tends to diminish among these individuals. In this paper we argue that this may neither be explained by acculturation nor by experiences of discrimination. Analysing Swedish survey data we instead conclude, although tentatively, that falling expectations regarding the performance of host country institutions is a fruitful explanation. Such expectations presumably become more modest the longer one has been living in Sweden, causing a time-related drop in the overall confidence in Swedish political institutions.
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| 7. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Political Trust as Modest Expectations : Exploring Immigrants’ Falling Confidence in Swedish Political Institutions
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Recent studies report high levels of political trust among immigrants in Western Europe. Notably, such confidence tend to be particularly pronounced among immigrants from countries without democratic institutions and poor records in terms of corruption level. Yet over time, members of these population categories tend to express decreasing levels of political trust. Following previous research, such a pattern may be explained by high initial—although with time retreating—expectations concerning the quality of institutions in Western Europe. Analyzing Swedish survey data—particularly appropriate in the light of competing hypotheses concerning acculturation and barriers to integration, including discrimination—this paper presents additional support for the importance of expectations when it comes to political trust. Our analyses suggest that the gradual development of more modest expectations regarding institutional performance in the new country is a trustworthy explanation of the falling levels of immigrants‘ political trust.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Time for Tolerance : Exploring the Influence of Learning Institutions on the Recognition of Political Rights Among Immigrants
- 2018
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In: Comparative Migration Studies. - : Springer. - 2214-8590 .- 2214-594X. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper empirically evaluates the idea that individual level political tolerance is influenced by the overall tolerance in a given society. The expectation is that more tolerant attitudes would be developed as a consequence of exposure to a social environment in which people in general are more inclined to accept freedom of speech, also when a specific message challenges one’s own values and beliefs. A theoretical learning model is formulated, according to which more broad-minded and permissive attitudes, from a democratic point of view, are adopted as a result of (1) an adjustment stimulated by mere observation of an overall high-level of political tolerance in society (‘passive learning’), and (2) an adjustment due to cognition and interaction within important spheres in society (‘active learning’). Using survey data, we explore empirically how length of residence among immigrants in the high-tolerance country of Sweden is related to measures of political tolerance. Further, we examine to what extent a time-related effect is mediated through participation in a set of ‘learning institutions’—focusing on activities related to education, working-life, civil society and political involvement. In concert with expectations, the empirical findings suggest that a positive effect of time in Sweden on political tolerance may be explained by a gradual adoption of the principle that political rights should be recognized. Importantly, however, such an adoption seems to require participation in activities of learning institutions, as we find that passive learning in itself is not sufficient.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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Utopia becoming dystopia? : Analyzing political trust among immigrants in Sweden
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper aims to increase our knowledge on the political trust of immigrants’ in established democracies. Utilising Swedish survey data, based on a large oversample of respondents with a foreign background, we show that immigrants from countries more plagued by corruption place significantly higher trust in political institutions in Sweden in comparison with both immigrants from more auspicious institutional settings and with the native population. However, we also find that an initially bright view of the Swedish institutional qualities tend to attenuate over time, as immigrants from countries of high corruption develop more critical viewpoints. In con-trast to reasonable expectations, we nonetheless find that this decrease in trust is not explained by experiences of discrimination. Overall, the hypotheses elaborated and tested in this paper may be regarded as a more general contribution to a theory on how political trust is related to experiences and expectations of political institutions.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Strömblad, Per, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Political Trust Among Immigrants in Scandinavia
- 2010
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In: ECPR Joint Sessions in Münster, 22–27 March 2010, Session 19: Institutional Performance and Political Support in Europe.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a study on differences in political trust between immigrants of different origins, residing in either Denmark, Norway or Sweden. The main question is how differences in the general propensity to hold confidence in various political institutions may be explained by previous political systems experiences. Utilising recent survey data we seek to explain variations in political trust by incorporating country-level data based on the Corruption Perceptions Index. Empirical analyses suggest that the strongest confidence in political institutions is found among immigrants who share a background in high-corruption countries. However, we also find that length of residence in the host country negatively influences political trust; hence, over time, immigrants belonging to this category will be positioned more on par with the rest of the population. Analysing possible reasons for this conditional effect, we find experiences of discrimination to be an insufficient explanation. Instead we argue that immigrants from less trust-worthy political regimes initially tend to have a very bright view on the system performance of stable democracies, such as the Scandinavian countries, but that experience and knowledge acquired over time engender a more critical, though arguably realistic, outlook.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Strömblad, Per, et al.
(author)
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Political integration through ethnic or non-ethnic voluntary associations
- 2010
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In: Political research quarterly. - Salt Lake City, Utah : University of Utah. - 1065-9129 .- 1938-274X. ; 63:4, s. 721-730
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article challenges previous findings suggesting that ethnic associations promote political participation among immigrants. Analyzing recent survey data from Sweden, the authors find that political activity among immigrants is encouraged by associational involvement in general but not by associations based on ethnic origin. To explain this difference, the authors examine important causal mechanisms between associational involvement and political participation. They conclude that while ethnic associations induce the development of civic skills, they do not create enough opportunities for mobilization through networks of political recruitment. Hence, compared to associations in which both mechanisms operate, ethnic associations tend to provide less politically stimulating environments.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 20. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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91 forskare: I dag bör vi alla klimatprotestera : ”Vi vuxna har en skyldighet att engagera oss”
- 2019
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In: Aftonbladet. - : Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Runt om världen skolstrejkas det mot att alltför lite görs för att stoppa klimatförändringarna. Hundratusentals ungdomar i över hundra länder har engagerat sig i vad som blivit till en global rörelse.I dag planeras för de mest omfattande protesterna hittills.Budskapet är det samma som klimatforskarnas, alltså att rådande klimatpolitik och utsläppsnivåer måste läggas om radikalt snarast, annars hotar en global katastrof. Tusentals belgiska och engelska forskare har i öppna brev bekräftat att budskapet stämmer. Därför har alla vi vuxna medborgare en skyldighet att engagera oss. I slutändan krävs politiskt ledarskap. De folkvalda måste axla sitt ansvar, erkänna situationens allvar, diskutera och besluta om nödvändiga policyer och se till att dessa genomförs; det är vår skyldighet som demokratiska medborgare att pressa dem till detta, så länge de inte gör det på eget initiativ.
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| 21. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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A field experiment on ethnic discrimination among local Swedish public officials
- 2017
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In: Local Government Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-3930 .- 1743-9388. ; 43:1, s. 44-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents an innovative field experiment exploring ethnic discrimination in contacts between local public officials and members of Swedish society. Using a correspondence study design, fictitious individuals with Arabic-and Swedish-sounding names contacted Swedish municipalities via email, asking questions about access to preschools. The findings indicate disadvantageous treatment of individuals with Arabic-sounding names in terms of the informal tone of the replies, as Swedish-sounding names were replied to in a friendlier, more welcoming way. Regarding the more formal aspects of the emails - i.e., whether they were replied to at all and the questions posed were directly answered - no statistically significant signs of discrimination emerge (although differences were of some substantial size, to the disadvantage of Arabic-sounding names). Still, informal disadvantageous treatment is sufficient cause for concern and noteworthy in the case of Sweden, considering its reputation as being egalitarian, immigration friendly and democratically well functioning.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Arbetslöshet, arbetsplatsdemokrati och politiskt deltagande
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to test two hypotheses about how work affects political participation. The first concerns unemployment, and states that unemployment has strong and negative effects on political activity. The second hypothesis is found in theories of participatory democracy, and claims that more democratic workplaces lead to more political participation. Existing empirical evidence on both of the hypotheses is not conclusive. Furthermore, studies have mainly been carried out using data collected in the United States. Here empirical tests of the hypotheses are undertaken using a Swedish survey.The results confirm the first hypothesis; unemployment has negative effects on political participation. The reasons for these negative effects are that the unemployed become less active in organisational life, fall outside of the recruitment networks where people are being asked to participate in politics, and experience a decrease in income. The second hypothesis is not supported. Workplace participation does not affect political participation, according to the analyses. The results are surprising for both hypotheses, and contradict previous empirical findings. The differences in results are likely due to differences in research design and differences in approaches to analysing political participation. Previous studies are inadequate in these perspectives, it is maintained.The thesis ends with a discussion of the results from the perspective of normative democratic theory. It is argued that the lack of political equality is particularly acute when the low participation among the unemployed is considered.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Are Fateme and Abdelhakim being less informed by the government than Johanna and Martin? : An experimental study of ethnic discrimination in Sweden
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study presents an innovative field experiment exploring ethnic discrimination in contacts between public officials and members of Swedish society. Using a correspondence study design, fictitious individuals with Arabic- and Swedish-sounding names contacted Swedish municipalities via email, asking questions about access to preschools. The findings indicate disadvantageous treatment of individuals with Arabic-sounding names in terms of the informal tone of the replies, as Swedish-sounding names were replied to in a friendlier, more welcoming way. Regarding the more formal aspects of the emails—i.e., whether they were replied to at all and the questions posed were directly answered—no statistically significant signs of discrimination emerge (although twice as many Arabic- as Swedish-sounding names did not elicit replies). Still, informal disadvantageous treatment is sufficient cause for concern and especially remarkable in the case of Sweden, with its reputation as being particularly egalitarian, immigration friendly, and democratically well-functioning.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Adman, Per
(author)
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Börjar demokratin på arbetsplatsen?
- 2004
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In: Tiden. - Stockholm : Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti. - 0040-6759. ; :5, s. 36-37
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Do principals discriminate against school parents less when having close minority colleagues? A field experiment
- 2023
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In: Politics, Groups, and Identities. - : Routledge. - 2156-5503 .- 2156-5511. ; , s. 1-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interethnic contacts are generally assumed to reduce discrimination and prejudice. According to this optimistic view – and in conflict with Allport’s well-known theory – contacts have positive effects even when they are rather distant. However, findings of recent experimental field research indirectly cast doubt on this belief. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment thoroughly investigating close as well as more distant contacts simultaneously. In a correspondence study (n = 3015), Swedish elementary school principals were randomly contacted by fictional parents with Arabic- or Swedish-sounding names asking school-related questions. The unique design also used registry data (e.g., on ethnicity). The results support Allport’s more pessimistic view: working closely with minority members of school management was associated with lower levels of ethnic discrimination regarding important qualitative aspects of the principals’ communication with the school parents, but no such pattern was observed for more distant workplace contacts with minority teachers.
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| 31. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Does poor health cause political passivity even in a Scandinavian welfare state? : Investigating the impact of self-rated health using Swedish panel data
- 2020
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In: Electoral Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0261-3794 .- 1873-6890. ; 65
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poor health is generally believed to cause political passivity. Prior studies that satisfactorily acknowledge the causality problems involved are mainly limited to considering turnout and the U.S.A., so we lack knowledge of how non-electoral participation is affected in other countries. This article considers Sweden, characterized by a generous welfare state and an extensive public health system. Using unique panel data, which allow more thorough analyses of causality, poor health was found to have a negative effect on voting but not on non-electoral participation. By primarily focusing on other countries than Sweden and the U.S.A., it is a task for future longitudinal research to show whether the belief that poor health lead to political passivity is incorrect—or whether Sweden is an exceptional case, due to the barriers to participation being particularly low there.
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| 32. |
- Adman, Per
(author)
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Does workplace experience enhance political participation? : A critical test of a venerable hypothesis
- 2008
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In: Political Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0190-9320 .- 1573-6687. ; 30:1, s. 115-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several schools of thought claim that citizens can develop their democratic skills at the workplace. Here I focus on the hypothesis put forward by Carole Pateman and by Sidney Verba and colleagues that state that by practicing civic skills and democratic decision-making at the workplace, citizens become more active in politics. I test the hypothesis with a nationally representative panel survey of the Swedish population. My findings contradict previous empirical research as no impact on political participation was discovered. I argue that the effects may have been overestimated in prior studies because the tests were based on cross-sectional data: insufficient care was taken with a number of significant methodological problems. The study points to the importance of using panel models when investigating the causes of political participation.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Försummas gymnasieskolans demokratiuppdrag? : en kvalitativ textanalys av 2009 års svenska gymnasiereform
- 2014
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enligt tidigare forskning används demokrati- och jämlikhetsargument sällan när övergripande reformer på skolområdet motiveras. Det är dock okänt om detta gäller även de rödgröna oppositionspartierna, och inte bara den borgerliga regeringen. Här studeras riksdagsdebatten och propositionstexten rörande den senaste centrala gymnasiereformen från år 2009. Undersökningen visar att även oppositionen – likt den borgerliga regeringen – i liten utsträckning använder demokrati- och jämlikhetsargument. Resultaten är i linje med farhågor om att demokratiuppdraget försummas när framtidens utbildning utformas.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Adman, Per
(author)
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Investigating political equality : The example of gender and political participation in Sweden
- 2011
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In: Acta Politica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6810 .- 1741-1416. ; 46:4, s. 380-399
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common thought is that political participation must be equally high among different social groups - such as women and men or various socioeconomic groups - in order for political equality to be fulfilled. This approach has, however, been criticized for being too crude. Several scholars argue that one must also study the reasons behind group differences in participation. If these differences are explained by differences in resources - and not political motivation - political equality is threatened, as this points to structural inequalities determining participatory differences. Using this perspective, I make an empirical investigation into the political participation of women and men in Sweden, a country known for unusually far-reaching political gender equality. In spite of this, men devote more of their political activities to areas of production, such as questions relating to working life, and I find that this difference may be explained by a male advantage in political resources (civic skills, primarily). The conclusion is that political equality has not yet been fully realized between women and men in Sweden. Hence, future studies should consider separating between different policy areas, when empirically evaluating the status of political equality. Quantitative methods are used in the empirical analyses.
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| 42. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Is the Positive Effect of Education on Ethnic Tolerance a Method Artifact? : A Multifactorial Survey Experiment on Social Desirability Bias in Sweden
- 2023
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In: International journal of public opinion research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 35:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Educated individuals are believed to be more tolerant towards ethnic minorities-a finding widely inferred from standard survey items. We propose a new approach that helps mitigate the risk of socially desirability bias (SDB), using a multifactorial survey experiment with name-based vignette dimensions. The experiment is strategically inserted into a question about a social dilemma not related to ethnicity. By embedding our experiment into an established survey-the Swedish part of the European Values Survey-we show that individuals with a high level of education are more tolerant towards ethnic minorities, even under a lower risk of SDB. The study strengthens findings in prior research and supports the hypothesis that education can further ethnic tolerance.
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| 43. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Jämlikhet tonas ned
- 2014
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(author)
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Riots, Segregation, and Local Government Actions : A Missing Theoretical Perspective
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Previous research has convincingly shown that residential segregation and unfavorable political structures are important factors when explaining the occurrence of riots. Still, structural factors such as these cannot, in themselves, explain why riots take place instead of peaceful protests or complete inactivity. In this paper I argue that more scholarly attention should be paid to the immediate triggers of riots, specific events that almost always involve actors within local government institutions of social control —in the form of the police, politicians, or the courts. The actions undertaken by these actors must be considered, because these actions are crucial in causing riot outbreaks and are undertheorized in previous research, I argue. The aim of this paper is to develop this theoretical approach and illustrating the approach with empirical data on the 1992 Los Angeles riot, the most violent riot in the U.S.A. since the 1960s.
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