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1.
  • Gonzalez, CA, et al. (author)
  • Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • 2003
  • In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 107:4, s. 629-634
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Smoking has recently been recognised as causally associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, evidence on the effect by sex, duration and intensity of smoking, anatomic subsite and cessation of smoking is limited. Our objective was to assess the relation between tobacco use and GC incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We studied data from 521,468 individuals recruited from 10 European countries taking part in the EPIC study. Participants completed lifestyle questionnaires that included questions on lifetime consumption of tobacco and diet in 1991-1998. Participants were followed until September 2002, and during that period 305 cases of stomach cancer were identified. After exclusions, 274 were eligible for the analysis, using the Cox proportional hazard model. After adjustment for educational level, consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and preserved meat, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI), there was a significant association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: the hazard ratio (HR) for ever smokers was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.94). The HR of current cigarette smoking was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.06-2.83) in males and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.12-3.12) in females. Hazard ratios increased with intensity and duration of cigarette smoked. A significant decrease of risk was observed after 10 years of quitting smoking. A preliminary analysis of 121 cases with identified anatomic site showed that current cigarette smokers had a higher HR of GC in the cardia (HR = 4.10) than in the distal part of the stomach (HR = 1.94). In this cohort, 17.6 % (95% CI = 10.5-29.5 %) of GC cases may be attributable to smoking. Findings from this large study support the causal relation between smoking and gastric cancer in this European population. Stomach cancer should be added to the burden of diseases caused by smoking. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • Hyvonen, R., et al. (author)
  • The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
  • 2007
  • In: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 173:3, s. 463-480
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
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  • Manjer, Jonas, et al. (author)
  • Postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to sex steroid hormones, prolactin and SHBG (Sweden)
  • 2003
  • In: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 14:7, s. 599-607
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: High levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin have been suggested to enhance breast cancer development. Low levels of SHBG may indicate high levels of (bio-available) steroid hormones. The present study investigates whether high levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin, and/or low levels of SHBG, are associated with high breast cancer risk. Methods: Blood samples were collected in about 65,000 women participating in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Sweden. Follow-up yielded 173 postmenopausal breast cancer cases who had not been exposed to HRT. Levels of estrone, estradiol, SHBG, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEAs were analysed in cases and 438 controls. Logistic regression analysis yielded odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The risk of breast cancer was associated with the highest versus lowest quartiles of estrone, OR: 2.58 (1.50 - 4.44), estradiol (dichotomised: high versus low) (1.73: 1.04 - 2.88), and testosterone (1.87: 1.08 - 3.25). High risks, although not statistically significant, were seen for androstenedione (1.58: 0.92 - 2.72) and DHEAs ( 1.62: 0.89 - 2.72). No strong associations were seen between SHBG or prolactin and risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: High levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and possibly androstenedione and DHEAs, in postmenopausal women are associated with a high risk of subsequent breast cancer.
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  • Mirastschijski, U, et al. (author)
  • Epithelial regeneration from bioengineered skin explants in culture.
  • 2006
  • In: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963. ; 154:1, s. 42-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Artificial skin substitutes are beneficial in the treatment of chronic wounds although their performance relative to authentic human skin is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We compared the rate of outgrowth and morphology of neoepidermis from a bioengineered skin construct (Apligraf) with normal adult human skin explants on de-epidermized human dermal growth substrate with or without intact epidermal basement membrane zone. METHODS: Epithelial outgrowth of air-exposed cultures in serum-supplemented keratinocyte medium was quantified by fluorescence imaging, morphology by light microscopy, biomarkers of keratinocyte activation, proliferation and migration by immunohistochemical analysis, and gelatinases by zymography. RESULTS: Resurfacing from bioengineereed skin explants started earlier than from normal skin but subsequently, from day 3 to day 9, the rate of epidermalization from bioengineered skin was only 40% (206 +/- 23 microm day(-1), mean +/- SEM) of that of authentic skin (521 +/- 17 microm day(-1), P < 0.001). At culture termination at day 11, normal human skin had formed a multilayered and well-structured neoepidermis covering 41.0 +/- 1.2 mm2 of the dermal substrate while bioengineered skin produced a thinner, less organized epithelium covering 20.4 +/- 3.0 mm2. At this later stage, a higher expression of beta-defensin-2, keratin 16, Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was found in neoepidermis formed from authentic skin than from bioengineered skin. Activated MMP-2 was elevated in bioengineered skin-derived neoepidermis. Minor epithelial outgrowth was noted with either skin type on the dermal substrate devoid of basement membrane zone. CONCLUSIONS: Cultured normal skin explants produced a more uniform and expansive in vivo-like neoepidermis than bioengineered skin explants.
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  • Agren Bolmsjö, I, et al. (author)
  • From cure to palliation: agreement, timing, and decision making within the staff
  • 2007
  • In: The American journal of hospice & palliative care. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-9091 .- 1938-2715. ; 24:5, s. 366-70
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Important issues in the transition From curative treatment to palliative care are agreement, timing, and decision making. A survey oF 309 nurses and 415 physicians in Sweden showed that 61% oF the nurses and 83% oF the physicians thought agreement was current practice. None said that the decisions were made too early, but 19% oF the nurses and 14% oF the physicians thought that they oFten were made too late. Very Few respondents stated that such decisions are changed, 0% and 1%, respectively. More than halF oF the inFormants made detailed comments on such transitions indicating that awareness and Flexibility are desirable to make well-inFormed decisions. Three themes that emerged From the analysis concerning the decision to stop curative treatment and Focus on palliative care were that the staFF members should (iF possible) make such decisions in agreement and should sometimes make the decisions earlier and that well-based reasons are required to make changes.
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  • Agren, R (author)
  • Worldwide antipsychotic drug search intensities: pharmacoepidemological estimations based on Google Trends data
  • 2021
  • In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 13136-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Prescription patterns of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are typically sourced from country-specific data. In this study, a digital pharmacoepidemiological approach was used to investigate APD preferences globally. Publicly available data on worldwide web search intensities in Google for 19 typical and 22 atypical APDs were temporally and spatially normalized and correlated with reported prescription data. The results demonstrated an increasing global preference for atypical over typical APDs since 2007, with quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole showing the largest search intensities in 2020. Cross-sectional analysis of 122 countries in 2020 showed pronounced differences in atypical/typical APD preferences that correlated with gross domestic product per capita. In conclusion, the investigation provides temporal and spatial assessments of global APD preferences and shows a trend towards atypical APDs, although with a relative preference for typical APDs in low-income countries. Similar data-sourcing methodologies allow for prospective studies of other prescription drugs.
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  • Danielsson, R, et al. (author)
  • Comparison of planar and SPECT scintimammography with 99mTc-sestamibi in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma
  • 1999
  • In: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 40:2, s. 176-180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To compare results of planar and SPECT breast imaging with 99mTc-MIBI in detecting primary breast cancer. Material and Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients with 34 suspected breast lesions underwent both planar and SPECT scintimammography. Ten minutes after injection of 700 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, 2 prone lateral projections were obtained, followed by a supine anterior projection. Forty minutes after injection, a SPECT study was done. All lesions were operated upon and verified with histopathology. Results: A sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 88% of planar scintimammography in diagnosis of primary breast lesions were achieved. The corresponding values for SPECT were 61% and 64%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of planar scintimammography was not improved by using SPECT imaging.
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  • Engelmark, O., et al. (author)
  • Ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic tree species : the case of lodgepole pine in Sweden
  • 2001
  • In: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 141:02-jan, s. 3-13
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The North American tree Pinus contorta var, latifolia was experimentally introduced in Sweden already in the 1920s, and has been used in Swedish forestry on a large scale since the 1970s. These plantations now cover 565,000 ha, mainly in the northern area. In this paper we summarize and discuss existing ecological knowledge of this species introduction. With regard to longterm sustainability we suggest management means to minimize harmful effects of the introduction on ecosystems. These include aspects of self dispersal, pests, ecosystem and landscape structures, and also ecological processes and biodiversity. We also focus on observed and possible interactions in the ecosystems. As Pinus contorta seeds are disseminated and trees regenerated outside initial plantations, this may have future bearings on biodiversity. We suggest a strategy which takes account of the uncertainty in predicting future ecological effects. The strategy includes areal restrictions and zones without Pinus contorta, but also to set up a monitoring program. Observations of adverse effects from the plantations would then give the possibility to adjust P. contorta management.
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  • Fast, L, et al. (author)
  • Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Membrane-Bound Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Activity Using Xenopus Laevis Oocytes
  • 2022
  • In: Biosensors. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6374. ; 12:8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Functional investigations of enzymes involving cellular expression systems are important for pharmacological studies. The precise control of expression is challenging in transiently transfected mammalian cell lines. Here, we explored the ability of Xenopus laevis oocytes to express a membrane-bound enzyme for functional characterization using standard 96-well plates and a fluorescence-based plate reader assay. We microinjected oocytes with cRNA encoding the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and measured the enzymatic activity in single oocytes using a commercial fluorescence-based assay. The injected oocytes showed up to a 50-fold increase in fluorescence compared to uninjected oocytes. This fluorescence intensity was dose-dependent on the amount of ACE2 cRNA. These results suggest that Xenopus oocytes can be used for the functional evaluation of membrane-bound enzymes, decreasing the experimental workload.
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  • Guo, JH, et al. (author)
  • Resonant and nonresonant x-ray scattering spectra of some poly(phenylenevinylene)s
  • 1998
  • In: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 108:14, s. 5990-5996
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The electronic structure of some poly(phenylenevinylene)s have been investigated by resonant and nonresonant x-ray inelastic scattering spectroscopies. The nonresonant as well as all resonant spectra for each polymer demonstrate benzene-like features, ind
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  • Hyvonen, R, et al. (author)
  • Predicting long-term soil carbon storage from short-term information
  • 1998
  • In: SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL. - : SOIL SCI SOC AMER. - 0361-5995. ; 62:4, s. 1000-1005
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Changes in land use and in climate may induce changes in soil organic matter storage in different ecosystems, Predictions of future soil organic matter storage are based on extrapolations from shortterm observations. Certain errors in the extrapolation pr
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  • Mavroidis, P., et al. (author)
  • Dose-Response Relations for Anal Sphincter Regarding Fecal Leakage and Blood or Phlegm in Stools after Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Radiobiological Study of 65 Consecutive Patients
  • 2005
  • In: Strahlenther Onkol. - 0179-7158. ; 181:5, s. 293-306
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: : The estimation of the parameters that describe the dose-response relations of anal sphincter regarding the clinical endpoints of fecal leakage and blood or phlegm in stools is important in the optimization of prostate cancer radiotherapy. Also, the validity of the relative seriality model for this clinical case needs to be examined by associating the clinical follow-up results with the predicted complication rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: : In this study, 65 patients who received radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate adenocarcinoma are analyzed. The clinical treatment outcome and the three-dimensional dose distribution delivered to anal sphincter were available for each patient. A questionnaire was used for assessing the clinical bowel and urinary symptoms. A maximum likelihood fitting was performed to calculate the best estimates of the parameters used by the relative seriality model. The clinical utilization of the calculated parameters in predicting anal sphincter complication probabilities was illustrated by applying the best estimate of the parameters to a subset of the patient population. RESULTS: : The estimated values of the parameters for the two clinical endpoints are D (50) = 70.2 Gy, gamma = 1.22, s = 0.35 for fecal leakage and D (50) = 74.0 Gy, gamma = 0.75, s approximately 0 for blood or phlegm in stools. The standard deviations of the parameters were also calculated together with the confidence intervals of the dose-response curves. The analysis proved that the treatment outcome pattern of the patient material can suitably be reproduced by the relative seriality model (probability of finding a worse fit = 60.2%, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.72 and 0.69 and chi(2)-test = 0.97 and 0.86, respectively). CONCLUSION: : Fecal leakage is characterized by a medium relative seriality whereas blood or phlegm in stools was found to have strong volume dependence (low relative seriality). Diminishing the biologically effective uniform dose to anal sphincter < 40-45 Gy may significantly reduce the risk of fecal leakage or blood or phlegm in stools for patients irradiated for prostate cancer.
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  • Piancastelli, MN, et al. (author)
  • Bond-distance-dependent decay probability of the N 1s -> pi* core-excited state in N-2
  • 2000
  • In: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0953-4075. ; 33:9, s. 1819-1826
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report the observation of the unusually weak decay of the N 1s --> pi* core-excited N-2 molecule to the (B) over tilde (2)Sigma(u)(+) final state of N-2(+), which is only detectable in an experiment with high sensitivity. The resonant Auger spectra exh
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  • Rääf, Christopher, et al. (author)
  • Transfer of (137)Cs from Chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different Swedish population groups.
  • 2006
  • In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 367:Feb 24, s. 324-340
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Data from measurements on the body burden Of (CS)-C-134, Cs-137 and K-40 in various Swedish populations between 1959 and 2001 has been compiled into a national database. The compilation is a co-operation between the Departments of Radiation Physics in Malmo and Goteborg, the National Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) and the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI). In a previous study the effective ecological half time and the associated effective dose to various Swedish populations due to internal contamination of Cs-134 and Cs-137 have been assessed using the database. In this study values of human body burden have been combined with data on the local and regional ground deposition of fallout from nuclear weapons tests (only Cs-137) and Chernobyl debris (both Cs-134 and (CS)-C-137), which have enabled estimates of the radioecological transfer in the studied populations. The assessment of the database shows that the transfer of radiocesium from Chernobyl fallout to humans varies considerably between various populations in Sweden. In terms of committed effective dose over a 70 y period from internal contamination per unit activity deposition, the general (predominantly urban) Swedish population obtains 20-30 mu Sv/kBq m(-2). Four categories of populations exhibit higher radioecological transfer than the general population; i.) reindeer herders (similar to 700 mu Sv/kBq m(-2)), ii.) hunters in the counties dominated by forest vegetation (similar to 100 mu Sv/kBq m(-2)), iii.) rural non-farming populations living in sub-arctic areas (40-150 mu Sv/kBq m(-2)), and iv.) farmers (similar to 50 mu Sv/kBq m(-2)). Two important factors determine the aggregate transfer from ground deposition to man; i.) dietary habits (intakes of foodstuff originating from natural and semi-natural ecosystems), and ii.) inclination to follow the recommended food restriction by the authorities. The transfer to the general population is considerably lower (similar to a factor of 3) for the Chernobyl fallout than during the 1960s and 70s, which is partly explained by a higher awareness of the pathways of radiocaesium to man both by the public and by the regulating authorities, and by the time-pattern of the nuclear weapons fallout during the growth season in Sweden. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Salek, P, et al. (author)
  • Dynamical suppression of atomic peaks in resonant dissociative photoemission
  • 2001
  • In: CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0009-2614. ; 343:3-4, s. 332-338 Language: English
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Resonant excitation to the F1s-sigma* dissociative state in hydrogen fluoride gives a photoelectron spectrum where the spectator part contains strong atomic lines but a participator part where such lines are lacking. We demonstrate that this contrasting b
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  • Slotte, Tanja, et al. (author)
  • The Capsella rubella genome and the genomic consequences of rapid mating system evolution
  • 2013
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:7, s. 831-U165
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The shift from outcrossing to selfing is common in flowering plants(1,2), but the genomic consequences and the speed at which they emerge remain poorly understood. An excellent model for understanding the evolution of self fertilization is provided by Capsella rubella, which became self compatible <200,000 years ago. We report a C. rubella reference genome sequence and compare RNA expression and polymorphism patterns between C. rubella and its outcrossing progenitor Capsella grandiflora. We found a clear shift in the expression of genes associated with flowering phenotypes, similar to that seen in Arabidopsis, in which self fertilization evolved about 1 million years ago. Comparisons of the two Capsella species showed evidence of rapid genome-wide relaxation of purifying selection in C. rubella without a concomitant change in transposable element abundance. Overall we document that the transition to selfing may be typified by parallel shifts in gene expression, along with a measurable reduction of purifying selection.
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  • Sun, Hao, et al. (author)
  • Engineering Tunable Ratiometric Dual Emission in Single Emitter-based Amorphous Systems
  • 2024
  • In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Molecular emitters with multi-emissive properties are in high demand in numerous fields, while these properties basically depend on specific molecular conformation and packing. For amorphous systems, special molecular arrangement is unnecessary, but it remains challenging to achieve such luminescent behaviors. Herein, we present a general strategy that takes advantage of molecular rigidity and S1-T1 energy gap balance for emitter design, which enables fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission properties in various solid forms, whether crystalline or amorphous. Subsequently, the amorphism of the emitters based polymethyl methacrylate films endowed an in situ regulation of the dual-emissive characteristics. With the ratiometric regulation of phosphorescence by external stimuli and stable fluorescence as internal reference, highly controllable luminescent color tuning (yellow to blue including white emission) was achieved. There properties together with a persistent luminous behavior is of benefit for an irreplaceable set of optical information combination, featuring an ultrahigh-security anti-counterfeiting ability. Our research introduces a concept of eliminating the crystal-form and molecular-conformational dependence of complex luminescent properties through emitter molecular design. This has profound implications for the development of functional materials. A molecular structural strategy enabling single emitter based dual-emission properties in various solid forms is presented. The developed amorphous films endow in situ regulation of the dual-emissive characteristics to show highly controllable multiple luminescent color tuning (yellow to blue including white emission), which benefits to the construction of an irreplaceable set of optical information combination.image
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  • Zenlander, R, et al. (author)
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
  • 2021
  • In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 18025-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures consisting of DNA, histones and granule proteins, released from neutrophils in thrombus formation, inflammation, and cancer. We asked if plasma levels of the NET markers myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit)-DNA, are elevated in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and if the levels correlate with clinical parameters. MPO-DNA, H3Cit-DNA, and thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complex, as a marker of coagulation activity, were measured using ELISA in plasma from 82 patients with HCC, 95 patients with cirrhosis and 50 healthy controls. Correlations were made to clinical parameters and laboratory data and patients were followed for a median of 22.5 months regarding thrombosis development. H3Cit-DNA was significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in plasma from cirrhosis (66.4 ng/mL) and HCC (63.8 ng/mL) patients compared to healthy controls (31.8 ng/mL). TAT levels showed similar pattern (3.1, 3.7, and 0.0 µg/mL respectively, p < 0.01). MPO-DNA was significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in cirrhosis patients (0.53 O.D.) as compared to controls (0.33 O.D.). Levels of MPO-DNA and H3Cit-DNA correlated positively with Child–Pugh and MELD score. TAT was increased in all Child–Pugh and MELD groups. In multivariable logistic regression, Child B and C liver cirrhosis were independent predictors of elevated H3Cit-DNA in plasma. Levels of MPO-DNA and H3Cit-DNA were similar in patients with or without history of thrombosis, or thrombus formation during follow-up. In conclusion, plasma markers of NET formation are elevated in liver cirrhosis and correlate to the degree of liver dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC. The presence of HCC did not further increase the plasma levels of NET markers as compared to patients with cirrhosis only.
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