| 1. |
- Nahi, Hareth, et al.
(author)
-
An investigation into whether deletions in 9p reflect prognosis in adult precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia : a multi-center study of 381 patients
- 2008
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In: Haematologica. - Pavia : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 93:11, s. 8-1734
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, besides age and white cell count at diagnosis, the cytogenetic abnormalities t(9;22)/BCR-ABL and t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 are important prognostic markers and are often included in the treatment stratification of patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Deletions in 9p are seen in about 9% of cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but their prognostic impact has been controversial. Cytogenetic data from 381 patients diagnosed with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia were reviewed. Chromosomal analysis was successful in 240 cases. Of these cases, 18 (8%) had abnormalities in 9p and they were compared with patients with normal karyotypes and patients with t(9;22)/BCR-ABL. Patients with abnormalities of chromosome 9 showed significantly shorter overall survival compared with patients with normal karyotypes. In fact, overall survival was similar to that in the poor prognosis t(9;22)/BCR-ABL-positive group. Our data suggest that chromosomal abnormalities involving 9p may have a significant negative impact on survival in adult B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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| 2. |
- Rogström, Lina, et al.
(author)
-
Age hardening in arc-evaporated ZrAlN thin films
- 2010
-
In: Scripta Materialia. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science B.V.. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 62:10, s. 739-741
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 films were deposited by reactive arc evaporation on WC-Co substrates. As-deposited films have a defect-rich NaCl-cubic and wurtzite phase mixture. During annealing at 1100 degrees C the films undergo simultaneous recovery of the ZrN-rich c-ZrAlN nanoscale domains and formation of semicoherent w-ZrAlN nanobricks, while the excess nitrogen is released. This process results in an age hardening effect as high as 36%, as determined by nanoindentation. At 1200 degrees C, the w-AlN recrystallizes and the hardening effect is lost.
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| 3. |
- Rogström, Lina, et al.
(author)
-
Thermal stability and mechanical properties of arc evaporated ZrN/ZrAlN multilayers
- 2010
-
In: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:2, s. 694-699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ZrN1.20/Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 multilayer films as well as ZrN1.17 and Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 films were deposited by reactive arc evaporation on WC–Co substrates. Samples were post-deposition annealed for 2 h at 800–1200 °C. As-deposited and heat treated films were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. The thermal stability was studied using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry. The as-deposited Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 film exhibits a nanocomposite structure of cubic and wurtzite ZrAlN. During annealing, the formation of ZrN- and AlN-rich domains results in age hardening of both the Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 and the ZrN/ZrAlN multilayers. The age hardening is enhanced in the ZrN/ZrAlN multilayer due to straining of the ZrAlN sublayers in which a maximum hardness of 31 GPa is obtained after annealing at 1100 °C.
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| 4. |
- Syed, Bilal, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Effect of work function and cohesive energy of the constituent phases of Ti-50 at.% Al cathode during arc deposition of Ti-Al-N coatings
- 2019
-
In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - USA : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 357, s. 393-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The differences in work function (W.F.) and cohesive energy (C.E.) of the phases constituting the cathode, plays an important role in the formation of the converted layer at its near-surface region during cathodic arc deposition. As a consequence, this also affects the deposition conditions for the coatings. In this study, we explore the effect of W.F. and C.E. of the constituent phases during arc evaporation by utilizing two kinds of customized Ti-50 at.% Al cathodes with different phase compositions. Our results show that during reactive arc evaporation the disparity in W.F. and C.E. among the constituent phases of Ti-50 at.% Al cathodes leads to preferential erosion of the phases with lower W.F. and C.E. The aforementioned preferential erosion begets higher surface roughness on the Ti-50 at.% Al cathode with a wider range of W.F. and C.E. disparity. It is also observed that the thermal conductivity of the Ti-50 at.% Al cathode plays a dominant role in the deposition rate of Ti-Al-N coating. This article also presents how the surface geometry of the cathode in the presence of arc guiding magnetic field significantly influences the microstructure of the deposited coatings.
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| 5. |
- Syed, Bilal, et al.
(author)
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Morphology and microstructure evolution of Ti-50 at.% Al cathodes during cathodic arc deposition of Ti-Al-N coatings
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - Melville, New York 11747-4300 : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 121:24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today's research on the cathodic arc deposition technique and coatings therefrom primarily focuses on the effects of, e.g., nitrogen partial pressure, growth temperature, and substrate bias. Detailed studies on the morphology and structure of the starting material—the cathode—during film growth and its influence on coating properties at different process conditions are rare. This work aims to study the evolution of the converted layer, its morphology, and microstructure, as a function of the cathode material grain size during deposition of Ti-Al-N coatings. The coatings were reactively grown in pure N2discharges from powder metallurgically manufactured Ti-50 at.% Al cathodes with grain size distribution averages close to 1800, 100, 50, and 10 μm, respectively, and characterized with respect to microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties. The results indicate that for the cathode of 1800 μm grain size the disparity in the work function among parent phases plays a dominant role in the pronounced erosion of Al, which yields the coatings rich in macro-particles and of high Al content. We further observed that a reduction in the grain size of Ti-50 at.% Al cathodes to 10 μm provides favorable conditions for self-sustaining reactions between Ti and Al phases upon arcing to form γ phase. The combination of self-sustaining reaction and the arc process not only result in the formation of hole-like and sub-hole features on the converted layer but also generate coatings of high Al content and laden with macro-particles.
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| 6. |
- Abrahamsson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Connected Vehicles in Cellular Networks : Multi-Access Versus Single-Access Performance
- 2018
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In: TMA 2018 - Proceedings of the 2nd Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9783903176096
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Connected vehicles can make roads traffic safer and more efficient, but require the mobile networks to handle time-critical applications. Using the MONROE mobile broadband measurement testbed we conduct a multi-access measurement study on buses. The objective is to understand what network performance connected vehicles can expect in today's mobile networks, in terms of transaction times and availability. The goal is also to understand to what extent access to several operators in parallel can improve communication performance. In our measurement experiments we repeatedly transfer warning messages from moving buses to a stationary server. We triplicate the messages and always perform three transactions in parallel over three different cellular operators. This creates a dataset with which we can compare the operators in an objective way and with which we can study the potential for multi-access. In this paper we use the triple-access dataset to evaluate single-access selection strategies, where one operator is chosen for each transaction. We show that if we have access to three operators and for each transaction choose the operator with best access technology and best signal quality then we can significantly improve availability and transaction times compared to the individual operators. The median transaction time improves with 6% compared to the best single operator and with 61% compared to the worst single operator. The 90-percentile transaction time improves with 23% compared to the best single operator and with 65% compared to the worst single operator.
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| 7. |
- Abrahamsson, Henrik
(author)
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Network overload avoidance by traffic engineering and content caching
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Internet traffic volume continues to grow at a great rate, now driven by video and TV distribution. For network operators it is important to avoid congestion in the network, and to meet service level agreements with their customers. This thesis presents work on two methods operators can use to reduce links loads in their networks: traffic engineering and content caching.This thesis studies access patterns for TV and video and the potential for caching. The investigation is done both using simulation and by analysis of logs from a large TV-on-Demand system over four months.The results show that there is a small set of programs that account for a large fraction of the requests and that a comparatively small local cache can be used to significantly reduce the peak link loads during prime time. The investigation also demonstrates how the popularity of programs changes over time and shows that the access pattern in a TV-on-Demand system very much depends on the content type.For traffic engineering the objective is to avoid congestion in the network and to make better use of available resources by adapting the routing to the current traffic situation. The main challenge for traffic engineering in IP networks is to cope with the dynamics of Internet traffic demands.This thesis proposes L-balanced routings that route the traffic on the shortest paths possible but make sure that no link is utilised to more than a given level L. L-balanced routing gives efficient routing of traffic and controlled spare capacity to handle unpredictable changes in traffic. We present an L-balanced routing algorithm and a heuristic search method for finding L-balanced weight settings for the legacy routing protocols OSPF and IS-IS. We show that the search and the resulting weight settings work well in real network scenarios.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Integrated layer processing can be hazardous to your performance
- 1997. - 1
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integrated Layer Processing (ILP) has been presented as an implementation technique to improve communication protocol performance by reducing the number of memory references. Previous research has however not pointed out that in some circumstances ILP can significantly increase the number of memory references, resulting in lower communication throughput. We explore the performance effects of applying ILP to data manipulation functions with varying characteristics. The functions are generated from a set of parameters including input and output block size, state size and number of instructions. We present experimental data for varying function state sizes, number of integrated functions and instruction counts. The results clearly show that the aggregated state of the functions must fit in registers for ILP to be competitive.
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| 10. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Multimedia transport service and protocol issues
- 1992. - 1
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper considers the issues of a real time transport service needed by multimedia applications for transferring digital video and audio. Three classes of transport service are defined with different levels of real time constraints. Methods for error control are considered for the classes, and the classes are discussed with respect to the application requirements.
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| 11. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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The applicability of integrated layer processing
- 1998. - 4
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In: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. ; 16:3, s. 317-331
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we review previous work on the applicability and performance of Integrated Layer Processing (ILP). ILP has been shown to clearly improve computer communication performance when integrating simple data manipulation functions, but the situation has been less clear for more complex functions and complete systems. We discuss complications when applying ILP to protocol stacks, the requirements of ILP on the communication subsystem, caching aspects, the importance of the processor registers, and a model for predicting the performance of data manipulation functions. We conclude that the main drawback of ILP is its limited aplicability to complex data manipulation functions. The performance to expect from an ILP implementation also depends heavily on the protocol architecture and the host system architecture.
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| 12. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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The applicability of integrated layer processing
- 1998
-
In: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 16:3, s. 317-331
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we review previous work on the applicability and performance of integrated layer processing (ILP). ILP has been shown to clearly improve computer communication performance when integrating simple data manipulation functions, but the situati
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| 13. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
The performance of a no-copy API for communication
- 1995. - 1
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a so-called no-copy Application Programming Interface (API) for communication. The interface avoids copying when data is transferred between the application and operating system kernel address spaces. The API is an extension to the socket interface for SunOS, and has been implemented on Sun SPARCstations equipped with Fore Systems ATM adapters. Throughput for the no-copy API is 85 Mbit/s for 8K UDP messages, to be compared to 57 Mbit/s for the regular API on the SPARCstation 2. Processing times through the TCP and UDP stacks are reduced by up to 30% for the SPARCstation 2 and by more than 50% for the SPARCstation 10.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Towards predictable ILP performance-controlling communication buffer cache effects
- 1996. - 4
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In: The Australian Computer Journal. ; 28, s. 66-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cache memory behavior is becoming more and more important as the speed of CPUs is increasing faster than the speed of memories. The operation of caches are statistical which means that the system level performance becomes unpredictable. In this paper we investigate the worst case behavior of cache line conflicts in the context of communication protocols implemented using Integrated Layer Processing. The goal of our work is to control the cache by placing communication buffers and code in non-conflicting positions in the cache. The result would be higher and more predictable performance. Our first results indicate that the worst case behavior can be up to almost four times slower than the best case.
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| 16. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Towards predictable ILP performance controlling communication buffer cache effects
- 1996
-
In: Australian Computer Journal. - 0004-8917. ; 28:2, s. 66-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cache memory behaviour is becoming more and more important as the speed of CPUs is increasing faster than the speed of memories. The operation of caches are statistical which means that the system level performance becomes unpredictable. In this paper we
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| 17. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Effects on physical performance and pain from three dynamic training programs for women with work-related trapezius myalgia
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081 .- 0000-0000. ; 33:4, s. 162-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To compare training programs for women with trapezius myalgia regarding physical performance and pain, 102 women were randomized to strength, endurance, co-ordination and non-training groups. Before and after the intervention, static strength and dynamic muscular endurance in shoulder muscles were measured on a Cybex II dynamometer. Muscle activity in shoulder muscles was monitored via surface EMG. The signal amplitude ratio between the active and passive phase of repeated contractions indicated the ability to relax. Pain at present, pain in general and pain at worst were measured on visual analogue scales. After training, within group comparisons showed that the training groups rated less pain, and in the strength training group ratings of pain at worst differed from the non-training group. Using the non-training group as a reference, static strength increased in the strength and endurance training groups and muscular endurance in all training groups. The study indicates that regular exercises with strength, endurance or co-ordination training of neck/shoulder muscles might alleviate pain for women with work-related trapezius myalgia.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, et al.
(author)
-
Barium as a Potential Indicator of Phosphorus in Agricultural Runoff
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 41, s. 208-216
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In many catchments, anthropogenic input of contaminants, and in particular phosphorus (P), into surface water is a mixture of agricultural and sewage runoff. Knowledge about the relative contribution from each of these sources is vital for mitigation of major environmental problems such as eutrophication. In this study, we investigated whether the distribution of trace elements in surface waters can be used to trace the contamination source. Water from three groups of streams was investigated: streams influenced only by agricultural runoff, streams influenced mainly by sewage runoff, and reference streams. Samples were collected at different flow regimes and times of year and analyzed for 62 elements using ICP-MS. Our results show that there are significant differences between the anthropogenic sources affecting the streams in terms of total element composition and individual elements, indicating that the method has the potential to trace anthropogenic impact on surface waters. The elements that show significant differences between sources are strontium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.004), potassium (p < 0.001), magnesium (p < 0.001), boron (p < 0.001), rhodium (p = 0.001), and barium (p < 0.001). According to this study, barium shows the greatest potential as a tracer for an individual source of anthropogenic input to surface waters. We observed a strong relationship between barium and total P in the investigated samples (R-2 = 0.78), which could potentially be used to apportion anthropogenic sources of P and thereby facilitate targeting of mitigation practices.
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| 21. |
- Ahlgren, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
De stora restaureringarna : Från Uppsala domkyrka till Skokloster
- 2004
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- De stora restaureringarna har varit årets tema. Genom att dokumentera och analysera teori och praktik i några av 1800- och 1900-talets största restaureringar - från genomgripande stilrestaureringar till ett mer återhållsamt och tekniskt skonsamt synsätt. Därmed får vi också ett bättre underlag även för dagens ställningstagande.Föremål för våra studier är Uppsala domkyrka, Gripsholms slott, Vreta klosterkyrka, Gustav 11I:s paviljong i Haga, Kungapalatset i Vadstena och Skoklosters slott. Vi hoppas att denna utställning skall bidra till en kritisk hållning och en ökad kunskap om restaureringskonsten, som kvalificerad yrkesuppgift, tidsspegel för historiesyn och som gestaltningsideal.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ahlgren-Moritz, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning. [1] : Metoder och strategier
- 2016
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Universitet och högskolor bidrar till samhällsutvecklingen genom att forskningsbaserad kunskap tillämpas av olika aktörer i samhället. För att möta dagens och morgondagens samhällsutmaningar utgör således kunskapsutbyte och samverkan mellan lärosäten och samhället en värdefull möjlighet. Att ha starka relationer med samhällets aktörer identifieras också som viktigt i utvecklingen av ett internationellt starkt lärosäte.Samverkan i högre utbildning främjar samhällets förändringsförmåga och stärker utbildningens kvalitet, men samverkan förbereder också studenterna för ett livslångt lärande och underlättar övergången mellan utbildning och arbetsliv. Ett lärosäte i nära samverkan med aktörer i samhället är ett relevant lärosäte, det vill säga ett lärosäte som är till nytta för sin omvärld och för sina medarbetare och studenter.Ett grundläggande problem vad gäller möjligheterna att integrera samverkan i akademisk utbildning står att finna i statens fördelning av medel till lärosätena. De statliga medlen utgår nämligen i två separata anslag, ett vardera för de båda huvuduppdragen utbildning och forskning. Samverkan kan sägas ingå i bägge uppdragen. Till skillnad från forskningssamverkan finns det för utbildningssamverkan ingen särskild uppföljning och inte heller några ekonomiska incitament. Utvärdering av forskning och utbildning bör således breddas så att kvalitetsstärkande samverkansinslag också inkluderas i resursfördelningsprinciperna. Statens bristande strukturer för fördelning och uppföljning återspeglas i hur lärosätena fördelar resurser till och följer upp samverkan: lärare ges sällan resurser (i form av särskild tid) för att på ett pedagogiskt genomtänkt sätt kunna inkludera samverkansinslag i undervisningen; samverkan är sällan meriterande eller lönegrundande; och den utbildningssamverkan som bedrivs följs sällan upp – varken på institutions-, fakultets- eller lärosätesnivå. Samma sak kan sägas gälla på nationell nivå – det samverkande lärosätet erhåller inga extra anslag och det bestraffas ej heller för försummelse av detsamma. Att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningen innebär att samverkan bör ingå i de pedagogiska modeller som lärare använder för att leda studenternas kunskapsutveckling mot de mål som finns angivna i kurs- och utbildningsplaner. Det betyder också att arbetet med samverkan bör inkluderas i processer för styrning, planering och uppföljning av utbildning och undervisning på såväl kurs- och programnivå som på institutions-, fakultets- och lärosätesnivå. Att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningen är att sträva mot att externa aktörer ska bli en självklar del i den dagliga verksamheten – för studenter såväl som för medarbetare och för de organisationer man samverkar med. För att svenska lärosäten ska ges en realistisk möjlighet att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningsverksamheten krävs det framför allt följande:att politiker och departement utformar ett fördelningssystem där framgångsrika samverkansinsatser inom utbildningen leder till en förstärkning av resursbasen på lärosätena;att lärosätesledningar tar tydlig ställning för samverkansfrågan i sina strategiska styrdokument och att samverkan införs i lärosätenas kvalitetssäkringssystem för utbildning, samt att lärosätena inför system för att styra och följa upp samverkan i utbildningen på lärosätesövergripande nivå;att ledningen för fakulteter, institutioner eller motsvarande omsätter lärosätets strategiska åtaganden i handlingsplaner och lokala styrdokument samt utformar system för dokumentation, styrning och uppföljning av samverkan i utbildningsprogram;att lärare samt kurs- och programansvariga inför samverkan i utbildningens styrande dokument (t.ex. kurs- och utbildningsplaner) samt i den ordinarie undervisningsverksamheten.Dessutom bör lärosätena – både gemensamt men också vart och ett för sig – införa system och karriärvägar där medarbetares insatser i det vardagliga samverkansarbetet uppmärksammas och belönas.Mot bakgrund av detta kan man konstatera att det är angeläget att lärosätenas strategiska arbete avseende utveckling och uppföljning av samverkan i utbildningen vidareutvecklas. Men, med vilka verktyg, var i verksamheten och på vilka sätt?I följande skrift samlas erfarenheter och goda exempel gjorda inom ramen för ett flerårigt lärosätesövergripande samarbetsprojekt, Samverkanssäkrade utbildningsprogram, där utgångspunkten har varit att identifiera strategier och metoder för att integrera samverkan i utbildningsprogram. Målet har varit att undersöka och beskriva hur samverkan kan vara ett medel som bidrar till att stärka utbildningens kvalitet och relevans, samt ge förslag på hur vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning kan se ut.Den centrala slutsatsen är att samverkan, när den är en integrerad del av utbildningen, bidrar till kvalitet och säkerställer att utbildningen blir till nytta för samhället. Det finns också andra vinster med att bedriva ett systematiskt samverkansarbete, till exempel att det leder till pedagogisk utveckling för undervisande personal, att det ökar förutsättningarna för ett utmaningsbaserat lärande med studenten i centrum, att det underlättar övergången från studier till arbetsliv, och att det möjliggör fördjupade relationer med den värld lärosätet finns i. Resan mot samverkanssäkrad utbildning är, med andra ord, mödan väl värd.
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| 24. |
- Ahlgren-Moritz, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning. [2] : Möjligheter och utmaningar
- 2016
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Universitet och högskolor bidrar till samhällsutvecklingen genom att forskningsbaserad kunskap tillämpas av olika aktörer i samhället. För att möta dagens och morgondagens samhällsutmaningar utgör således kunskapsutbyte och samverkan mellan lärosäten och samhället en värdefull möjlighet. Att ha starka relationer med samhällets aktörer identifieras också som viktigt i utvecklingen av ett internationellt starkt lärosäte.Samverkan i högre utbildning främjar samhällets förändringsförmåga och stärker utbildningens kvalitet, men samverkan förbereder också studenterna för ett livslångt lärande och underlättar övergången mellan utbildning och arbetsliv. Ett lärosäte i nära samverkan med aktörer i samhället är ett relevant lärosäte, det vill säga ett lärosäte som är till nytta för sin omvärld och för sina medarbetare och studenter.Ett grundläggande problem vad gäller möjligheterna att integrera samverkan i akademisk utbildning står att finna i statens fördelning av medel till lärosätena. De statliga medlen utgår nämligen i två separata anslag, ett vardera för de båda huvuduppdragen utbildning och forskning. Samverkan kan sägas ingå i bägge uppdragen. Till skillnad från forskningssamverkan finns det för utbildningssamverkan ingen särskild uppföljning och inte heller några ekonomiska incitament. Utvärdering av forskning och utbildning bör således breddas så att kvalitetsstärkande samverkansinslag också inkluderas i resursfördelningsprinciperna. Statens bristande strukturer för fördelning och uppföljning återspeglas i hur lärosätena fördelar resurser till och följer upp samverkan: lärare ges sällan resurser (i form av särskild tid) för att på ett pedagogiskt genomtänkt sätt kunna inkludera samverkansinslag i undervisningen; samverkan är sällan meriterande eller lönegrundande; och den utbildningssamverkan som bedrivs följs sällan upp – varken på institutions-, fakultets- eller lärosätesnivå. Samma sak kan sägas gälla på nationell nivå – det samverkande lärosätet erhåller inga extra anslag och det bestraffas ej heller för försummelse av detsamma. Att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningen innebär att samverkan bör ingå i de pedagogiska modeller som lärare använder för att leda studenternas kunskapsutveckling mot de mål som finns angivna i kurs- och utbildningsplaner. Det betyder också att arbetet med samverkan bör inkluderas i processer för styrning, planering och uppföljning av utbildning och undervisning på såväl kurs- och programnivå som på institutions-, fakultets- och lärosätesnivå. Att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningen är att sträva mot att externa aktörer ska bli en självklar del i den dagliga verksamheten – för studenter såväl som för medarbetare och för de organisationer man samverkar med. För att svenska lärosäten ska ges en realistisk möjlighet att göra samverkan till en integrerad del av utbildningsverksamheten krävs det framför allt följande:att politiker och departement utformar ett fördelningssystem där framgångsrika samverkansinsatser inom utbildningen leder till en förstärkning av resursbasen på lärosätena;att lärosätesledningar tar tydlig ställning för samverkansfrågan i sina strategiska styrdokument och att samverkan införs i lärosätenas kvalitetssäkringssystem för utbildning, samt att lärosätena inför system för att styra och följa upp samverkan i utbildningen på lärosätesövergripande nivå;att ledningen för fakulteter, institutioner eller motsvarande omsätter lärosätets strategiska åtaganden i handlingsplaner och lokala styrdokument samt utformar system för dokumentation, styrning och uppföljning av samverkan i utbildningsprogram;att lärare samt kurs- och programansvariga inför samverkan i utbildningens styrande dokument (t.ex. kurs- och utbildningsplaner) samt i den ordinarie undervisningsverksamheten.Dessutom bör lärosätena – både gemensamt men också vart och ett för sig – införa system och karriärvägar där medarbetares insatser i det vardagliga samverkansarbetet uppmärksammas och belönas.Mot bakgrund av detta kan man konstatera att det är angeläget att lärosätenas strategiska arbete avseende utveckling och uppföljning av samverkan i utbildningen vidareutvecklas. Men, med vilka verktyg, var i verksamheten och på vilka sätt?I följande skrift samlas erfarenheter och goda exempel gjorda inom ramen för ett flerårigt lärosätesövergripande samarbetsprojekt, Samverkanssäkrade utbildningsprogram, där utgångspunkten har varit att identifiera strategier och metoder för att integrera samverkan i utbildningsprogram. Målet har varit att undersöka och beskriva hur samverkan kan vara ett medel som bidrar till att stärka utbildningens kvalitet och relevans, samt ge förslag på hur vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning kan se ut.Den centrala slutsatsen är att samverkan, när den är en integrerad del av utbildningen, bidrar till kvalitet och säkerställer att utbildningen blir till nytta för samhället. Det finns också andra vinster med att bedriva ett systematiskt samverkansarbete, till exempel att det leder till pedagogisk utveckling för undervisande personal, att det ökar förutsättningarna för ett utmaningsbaserat lärande med studenten i centrum, att det underlättar övergången från studier till arbetsliv, och att det möjliggör fördjupade relationer med den värld lärosätet finns i. Resan mot samverkanssäkrad utbildning är, med andra ord, mödan väl värd.
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| 25. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable performance of lignocellulose-based ethanol and biogas co-produced in innovative biorefinery systems
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study delineates promising, innovative and resource efficient biochemical production concepts for the integrated production of ethanol and biogas as vehicle fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock. Four scenarios are studied, two based on straw as feedstock, including a small- and a large-scale biofuel plant, one based on hemp as feedstock, representing an energy crop, and large-scale plant, and one based on a forest residue-based, large-scale plant. The study is based on a literature review and previous and ongoing work performed by the project partners, where the efficiency in pre-treatment and bioconversion to fuels in integrated processes have been experimentally determined. The complementary assessments performed within the study include modelling of energy and cost performance, and life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas performance. In addition, suitable geographic locations are identified, based on the technical implementation potential in existing infrastructure in Swedish district heating systems and forest industries, and on the regional potential of sustainable lignocellulosic feedstock supply from agriculture and forestry. The overall conclusion is that integrated production of ethanol and biogas from lignocellulosic feedstock is promising from various aspects and has the potential to provide several benefits, compared with separate production systems.
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| 26. |
- Alm, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kunskapsutbyte och samverkan mellan lärosäten och andra aktörer i samhället är viktigt för att vi ska kunna möta morgondagens utmaningar. Man måste arbeta över sektorsgränser, inte bara inom forskning utan också inom utbildning. “Vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning: metoder och strategier” handlar om hur samverkan kan integreras i högre utbildning. Slutsatserna baseras på de erfarenheter som gjorts i projektet Samverkanssäkrade utbildningsprogram som letts av lärosätena i Linköping, Malmö och Umeå. Publikationens andra del, “Möjligheter och utmaningar”, berättar ett antal historier ur samverkansvardagen. // Att med andra samhällsaktörer samverka kring utformningen av utbildningsprogram och i undervisningen bidrar till kvalitetsutveckling och säkerställer att utbildningen är till nytta för samhället. Samverkan förbereder också studenterna för ett livslångt lärande och underlättar övergången mellan utbildning och arbetsliv. För att man långsiktigt ska kunna integrera samverkan i utbildningsprogram krävs insatser på flera nivåer. Till exempel måste lärosätesledningar ta tydlig ställning i samverkansfrågan i sina styrdokument, och samverkansaspekten måste vara en självklar del av lärosätets kvalitetssäkringssystem. Det krävs också att ledningen för fakulteter och institutioner utformar system för dokumentation, styrning och uppföljning av samverkan. Vidare bör samverkan ingå i de pedagogiska modeller som lärare använder för att leda studenternas kunskapsutveckling, och lärosätena bör också uppmärksamma och belöna framgångsrikt samverkansarbete. Slutligen bör politiker och departement utforma ett fördelningssystem där framgångsrika samverkansinsatser inom utbildningen leder till en förstärkning av resursbasen på lärosätena.
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| 27. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Impact of comorbidity on management and mortality in women diagnosed with breast cancer
- 2012
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In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 135:1, s. 281-289
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate associations between comorbidity burden, management, and mortality in women with breast cancer. A total of 42,646 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 2008 were identified in two Clinical Quality Registers in Central Sweden. Breast cancer-specific, conditional breast cancer, competing-cause and all-cause mortality were estimated in relation to comorbidity burden assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index. All analyses were stratified by stage at diagnosis using competing risk analyses, and all-cause mortality was estimated as a function of follow-up time. Following adjustment for age and calendar period, breast conserving surgery was significantly less likely to be offered to women with severe comorbidity (OR 0.63; 95 % CI 0.58-0.69). Similarly, the proportion treated with radiotherapy, tamoxifen, or chemotherapy was lower in women with severe compared to those with no comorbidity. In women with early stage disease, breast cancer-specific mortality was higher among patients with severe comorbidity (sHR 1.47; 95 % CI 1.11-1.94). In all stages of breast cancer, conditional breast cancer and competing-cause mortality were elevated in women with severe comorbidity. For all stages, the relative risk of all-cause mortality between women with severe versus no comorbidity varied by time since diagnosis, and was most pronounced at early follow-up. Comorbidity affects treatment decisions and mortality. In women with early stage breast cancer, severe comorbidity was associated not only with conditional breast cancer, competing-cause and all-cause mortality, but also breast cancer-specific mortality. The observed differences in breast cancer-specific mortality may be due to less extensive treatment, impaired tumor defense and differences in general health status and lifestyle factors.
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| 28. |
- Bergman, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Smoking on Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity in Patients with Cancer : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2022
-
In: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 14:17
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the current evidence on the potential impact of smoking during cancer treatment on treatment efficacy and toxicity irrespective of cancer type.METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using two electronic databases for potentially eligible studies. Only studies based on multivariable analysis for the association between smoking, compared to non-smokers (never or former), and treatment efficacy or toxicity were included. Pooled Hazard Ratios (HRs) or Odds Ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated through random-effects meta-analyses.RESULTS: In total, 97 eligible studies were identified, of which 79 were eligible for the pooled analyses. Smoking during radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, was associated with an increased risk of locoregional recurrence (pooled HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.28-1.91 for radiation therapy; pooled HR: 4.28; 95% CI: 2.06-8.90 for chemoradiotherapy) and worse disease-free survival (pooled HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.21-2.90 for radiation therapy; pooled HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.41-2.62 for chemoradiotherapy) as well as a higher risk for radiation-induced toxicity (pooled OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.32-2.56 for radiation therapy; pooled OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.43-4.07 for chemoradiotherapy) with low-to-moderate certainty of evidence. Smoking during treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with lung cancer was associated with worse progression-free survival compared to non-smokers (pooled HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.80; moderate certainty of evidence), whereas smoking was associated with improved progression-free survival in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58-0.84; moderate certainty of evidence). No statistically significant associations were observed between smoking and treatment efficacy or toxicity to chemotherapy.CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis confirms earlier evidence of the negative impact of smoking during radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, on treatment efficacy and radiation-induced toxicity as well as a negative impact of smoking on the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs and a positive impact on the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. The evidence is too weak to draw firm conclusions on the potential association between smoking and chemotherapy, whereas there is no evidence for pooled analyses regarding other types of systemic oncological therapy.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cederstrom, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Moulting, ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in the Cambrian ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata from the northern Swedish Caledonides
- 2011
-
In: Palaeontology. - : Wiley. - 1475-4983 .- 0031-0239. ; 54, s. 685-703
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three thousand seven hundred disarticulated remains together with several articulated specimens of the Cambrian Series 2 ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata Ahlberg and Bergstrom, 1978 have been collected from the Tornetrask area, northern Sweden. The material provides significant new data on the morphology, ontogeny, moulting and enrolment of the species. Two distinct morphotypes, possibly an expression of sexual dimorphism, are recognized. The morph with a pair of bulbs in the frontal area, interpreted as brood pouches, is considered to represent females. Statistical treatment of the length/width ratio in cranidia reveals isometric growth during ontogeny for both morphotypes. The transition from the meraspid to holaspid ontogenetic period has been established through recognition of the successive development of the number of thoracic segments in articulated late meraspides. Throughout its life cycle, S. inflata went through 11 meraspid degrees and at least 17 holaspid growth stages. Inferred moult ensembles and exuviae reveal the successive opening of cephalic sutures and the function of the rostral plate during exuviation. As in other ellipsocephalid trilobites in which enrolment is known, the pygidium and two or three thoracic segments of S. inflata are concealed beneath the cephalon (spiral enrolment) during complete enrolment.
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| 31. |
- Eaker, Sonja, et al.
(author)
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Breast cancer, sickness absence, income and marital status : A study on life situation 1 year prior diagnosis compared to 3 and 5 years after diagnosis
- 2011
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:3, s. e18040-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improved cancer survival poses important questions about future life conditions of the survivor. We examined the possible influence of a breast cancer diagnosis on subsequent working and marital status, sickness absence and income. MATERIALS: We conducted a matched cohort study including 4,761 women 40-59 years of age and registered with primary breast cancer in a Swedish population-based clinical register during 1993-2003, and 2,3805 women without breast cancer. Information on socioeconomic standing was obtained from a social database 1 year prior and 3 and 5 years following the diagnosis. In Conditional Poisson Regression models, risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the impact of a breast cancer diagnosis. FINDINGS: Three years after diagnosis, women who had had breast cancer more often had received sickness benefits (RR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.40-1.58) or disability pension (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58) than had women without breast cancer. We found no effect on income (RR = 0.99), welfare payments (RR = 0.98), or marital status (RR = 1.02). A higher use of sickness benefits and disability pension was evident in all stages of the disease, although the difference in use of sickness benefits decreased after 5 years, whereas the difference in disability pension increased. For woman with early stage breast cancer, the sickness absence was higher following diagnosis among those with low education, who had undergone mastectomy, and had received chemo- or hormonal therapy. Neither tumour size nor presence of lymph nodes metastasis was associated with sickness absence after adjustment for treatment. INTERPRETATION: Even in early stage breast cancer, a diagnosis negatively influences working capacity both 3 and 5 years after diagnosis, and it seems that the type of treatment received had the largest impact. A greater focus needs to be put on rehabilitation of breast cancer patients, work-place adaptations and research on long-term sequelae of treatment.
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| 32. |
- Eaker, Sonja, et al.
(author)
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Social differences in breast cancer survival in relation to patient management within a National Health Care System (Sweden)
- 2009
-
In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124:1, s. 180-187
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epidemiologic studies have shown that cancer survival is poorer in low compared with high socioeconomic groups. We investigated whether these differences were associated with disparities in tumour characteristics and management. This cohort study was based on 9,908 women aged 20-79 years at diagnosis with primary breast cancer identified in a Swedish population-based clinical register. Information on socioeconomic standing was obtained from a social database. The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) and mortality hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models to assess differences in survival between socioeconomic groups while adjusting for diagnostic intensity, tumour characteristics and treatment. Following adjustment for age, year and stage at diagnosis, the risk of dying of breast cancer was 35% lower among women with high education compared with that of low education (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.80). When compared with women with high education, a lower percentage of women with low education had been investigated for proliferation (84 vs. 76%) or hormone receptor status (89 vs. 81%), had tumours
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Britt-Marie, et al.
(author)
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Keep moving to retain the healthy self : the meaning of physical exercise in individuals with Parkinson's disease
- 2013
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 35:26, s. 2237-2244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore and generate an understanding of the meaning of physical exercise in the lives of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) participating in an exercise program. Method: A qualitative design, using Grounded Theory methodology, was used. Eleven individuals diagnosed with PD were interviewed. Results: The core category "Keep moving to retain the healthy self" identified the continuing process of maintaining functions and activities in the individuals' lives, in which exercise was a major contribution. Two categories, "Having explicit life goals" and "Having confidence in one's own ability", were important prerequisites for adherence to physical exercise. Four categories - "Taking rational position", "Exercising to slow progression", "Exercising to achieve well-being" and "Using exercise as coping strategy" - were generated as important for starting and maintaining exercise habits. Conclusions: Insights into the process of exercising in view of living with PD were generated, which have implications for strategies in promoting physical exercise in older individuals with PD.
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| 34. |
- Friberg, Britt, et al.
(author)
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Endometrial destruction by thermal coagulation : Evaluation of a new form of treatment for menorrhagia
- 1998
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In: Gynaecological Endoscopy. - : Wiley. - 0962-1091 .- 1365-2508. ; 7:2, s. 73-78
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To report the first clinical evaluation of a new balloon endometrial, thermal destruction system Cavaterm®, for outpatient treatment of menorrhagia. Design. To elucidate possible technical problems during treatment, to evaluate how the patients tolerated the treatment and to judge which patients were suitable for this form of treatment. Main outcome measures. Measurements of bleeding volumes in pads and tampons before and after treatment were performed as well as subjective evaluation by bleeding charts. Patients also estimated their degree of satisfaction. Setting. Gynaecology department at a university hospital. Subjects. 36 patients under 52 pears of age with menorrhagia, without suspicion of intracavitary pathology including malignancy. Results. No procedure-related complications occurred. The patients tolerated the treatment well. There was a significant reduction in measured bleeding volumes in pads and tampons, collected during one menstruation, 2-7 months after treatment compared with measurements before treatment. Four patients subsequently underwent hysterectomy and should not have been included in the study (two with pedunculated myoma and one with a septum; the fourth showed premalignant endometrial changes in the curettage preceding the treatment). At 18-28-month follow up, 29 of the suitable patients (91%) reported a significant reduction in bleeding and another three patients reported reduced but still profuse bleeding compared with pretreatment; 88% (28/32) rated the treatment results as excellent, and a further 9% (3/32) as good. Conclusions. We found the Cavaterm® system for endometrial destruction to be safe, efficient and easy to use.
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| 35. |
- Hajiebrahimi, Mohammadhossein, et al.
(author)
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Birth size in the most recent pregnancy and maternal mortality in premenopausal breast cancer by tumor characteristics
- 2014
-
In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 145:2, s. 471-480
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between measures of offspring size at birth in the most recent pregnancy before premenopausal breast cancer diagnosis and the risks of maternal breast cancer mortality, taking tumor characteristics into account. We also aimed to investigate if these associations are modified by age at childbirth, time since childbirth, parity, and age at diagnosis. We followed 6,019 women from their date of premenopausal breast cancer (diagnosed from 1992 to 2008) until emigration, death or December 31st, 2009, whichever occurred first. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for parity, age at diagnosis, and education level, to estimate associations between women pregnancy, cancer characteristics and offspring birth characteristics, and mothers' mortality risk. In stratified analyses, mortality risks were estimated by tumor stage, ER or PR status. There was no association between offspring birth weight (HR = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.99-1.01, when used as a continuous variable), birth weight for gestational age or ponderal index, and premenopausal breast cancer mortality. Similarly, in analyses stratified by tumor stage, receptor status, and time difference between last pregnancy and date of diagnosis, we found no associations between birth size and breast cancer mortality. Our findings suggest that the hypothesis that "premenopausal breast cancer mortality is associated with offspring birth characteristics in the most recent pregnancy before the diagnosis" may not be valid. In addition, these associations are not modified by tumor characteristics.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hovstadius, Peter, et al.
(author)
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A Phase I Study of CHS 828 in Patients with Solid Tumor Malignancy
- 2002
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 8:9, s. 2843-2850
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CHS 828 is a cyanoguanidine, which has demonstrated potent antitumor activity in preclinical tumor models. The activity of CHS 828 in vitro showed only low to moderate correlation to other antineoplastic agents suggesting a unique mechanism of action. Ten females and 6 males (median age 58 years) with solid tumors refractory to standard therapy were included in this Phase I study. The study drug was administered to fasting patients as a single oral dose on days 1–5 of each treatment cycle. Patients received one to six cycles of treatment. The doses ranged from 30 mg to 200 mg (total dose within a cycle). Hematological toxicity was generally mild and dominated by transient thrombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Nonhematological toxicity most frequently consisted of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and localized genital mucositis. The dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, esophagitis, diarrhea, and constipation. The recommended Phase II dose of CHS 828 was 20 mg once daily for 5 days in cycles of 28 days duration. The extent of systemic exposure of CHS 828 across patients was approximately dose proportional. The time at which the highest drug concentration occurs was 2.2 ± 1.3 h and half-life was 2.1 ± 0.52 h (mean ± SD). Large intra- and interindividual variation in dose level-adjusted maximum plasma concentration and the area under the curve from time 0 h to infinity were observed. There was an apparent inverse relationship between systemic exposure of CHS 828, and thrombocyte and lymphocyte nadir levels. No objective tumor responses were observed, and 7 patients showed stable disease after two courses of therapy.
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| 38. |
- Høyer, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Change in working time in a population-based cohort of patients with breast cancer
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 30:23, s. 2853-2860
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We examined changes in working time 16 months after a breast cancer diagnosis and identified factors associated with job discontinuation and/or decreased working time.Patients and Methods:This was a population-based cohort study with 735 patients identified in the Regional Breast Cancer Quality Register of Central Sweden. The study sample consisted of 505 women (age <63 years at diagnosis) who completed questionnaires at baseline and at follow-up (on average 4 and 16 months after diagnosis, respectively). Clinical register data and questionnaire data on sociodemographic factors were obtained at baseline. Self-reported work-related data were obtained at follow-up. Odds ratios were estimated by using logistic regression models.Results:Compared with prediagnosis working time, 72% reported no change in working time, 2% reported an increase, 15% reported a decrease, and 11% did not work at follow-up. Chemotherapy increased the likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.34) of job discontinuation/decreased working time. Among chemotherapy recipients, associated factors included full-time work prediagnosis (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.51 to 7.01), cancer-related work limitations (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 2.30 to 12.03), and less value attached to work (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.80 to 7.54). In the nonchemotherapy group, older age (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17) and less value attached to work (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.01 to 12.45) were associated with the outcome.Conclusion: The majority of women treated for breast cancer returned to their prediagnosis working time. Chemotherapy and cancer-related work limitations are important factors to take into account in identifying women in need of support. Moreover, it is important to consider the woman’s own valuation of labor market participation.
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| 39. |
- Høyer, Marie, et al.
(author)
-
Health-related quality of life among women with breast cancer : a population-based study
- 2011
-
In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 50:7, s. 1015-1026
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: High incidence rates of breast cancer emphasize the importance of increased knowledge about the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this patient group. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare HRQoL among breast cancer patients shortly after diagnosis with normative data from the general population, and to investigate how clinical, demographic, and socio-economic factors and social support are associated with HRQoL. Material and methods:Participants were identified in a population-based Breast Cancer Quality Register in central Sweden. Of 1573 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer during a one-year period (2007 – 2008), 69% (n =1086) completed a questionnaire including the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 and the HADS.Results: Compared to age-adjusted normative data, breast cancer patients (mean age 62 years, range 25–94), especially younger women (<50 years), experienced clinically meaningful poorer HRQoL. Clinically significant levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among 14% and 6% of the patients, respectively. Factors associated with more problems/symptoms among study participants included chemotherapy, lack of social support, sick leave and a poor financial situation. Adding socio-economic factors diminished the association between age and HRQoL (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Recently diagnosed breast cancer patients reported poorer HRQoL in several dimensions compared to normative data. In addition to clinical and demographic factors, an unfavorable socio-economic standing was associated with more problems/symptoms. The present findings emphasize the importance of taking a variety of factors into account when assessing HRQoL in the clinical setting.
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| 40. |
- Jonsson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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The split naming/forwarding network architecture
- 2003
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In: Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop - Proceedings. - Stockholm.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The evolution of the Internet is inhibited by the routing system's lack of ability to provide instant routes at host granularity. We argue that it is necessary to divide the addressing into naming and location and use separate mechanisms for the two functions. We present the split naming/forwarding architecture (SNF), which divides the network layer into naming and forwarding layers. The design rationale of SNF is discussed and we describe an implementation for deployment on top of current network infrastructures.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Kalin, Torbjörn
(author)
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Om upptäckt och sortering till social barnavård : Longitudinella perspektiv på barn som far allvarligt illa
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Att upptäcka barn som far illa är en uppgift för samhället. Merparten av världens länder har genom Barnkonventionen förbundit sig att ha effektiva system för att upptäcka barn som far illa. Det svenska systemet innebär att verksamheter som möter barn och föräldrar har en skyldighet att anmäla misstankar om barn som far illa till den sociala barnavården. Allmänheten uppmanas också att anmäla, och barn och familjer kan själva ansöka om stöd. Ambitionen bakom systemet är att de barn som är i störst behov av stöd och skydd ska upptäckas. Tidigare forskning har visat påtagliga skillnader i fråga om vilka barn som blir föremål för aktualiseringar och utredningar hos den sociala barnavården. Däremot saknas kunskap om skillnaderna kan förklaras utifrån skilda behov eller utifrån skilda föreställningar om behov, så kallad bias. Vidare saknas kunskap om det är samma barn som upplever sig fara illa som också aktualiseras och utreds.Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka kunskapen om barn som far allvarligt illa, samt om dessa barn upptäcks och sorteras vidare till social barnavård. Fokus ligger på två områden. Dels vad som utmärker barn som far allvarligt illa, dels vad som bidrar till sorteringen av dessa barn, när de aktualiseras samt när de bedöms vara i behov av vidare utredning inom den sociala barnavården.Avhandlingen består av fyra empiriska studier baserade på data från det longitudinella forskningsprogrammet Longitudinal Research on Development to Young Adults (LoRDYA) som utgår från 1884 barn. Dessa rekryterades år 2013, vid 12 och 13 års ålder, i fyra små- och medelstora kommuner i Sverige. Metodologiskt tillämpas olika analytiska ansatser, såväl variabelcentrerade metoder som personcentrerade metoder. Genomgående används olika former av regressionsanalyser för att undersöka det unika bidraget av varje faktor kontrollerat för övriga faktorer.Resultaten visar att drygt vart fjärde barn någon gång under tonårstiden har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa. Detta trots att en mycket strikt definition av att fara allvarligt illa tillämpades. Barn med självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa har mer kontakt med vanliga aktualiseringskällor, exempelvis polis, hälso- och sjukvård och elevhälsa, på grund av svårigheter än vad andra barn har. Drygt en femtedel av alla barn blir någon gång under tonårstiden aktualiserade till den sociala barnavården, men mindre än hälften av dessa aktualiserade har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa. Skillnaderna i vilka som blir aktualiserade kan främst förklaras av familjeförhållanden, där de förhållanden som utmärker sig är att ha en ensamstående förälder och att familjen lever i fattigdom. När aktualiseringar bedöms hos den sociala barnavården sorteras drygt en tredjedel av alla aktualiserade barn med självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa ut. Flickors aktualiseringar blir i större utsträckning föremål för utredning än pojkars aktualiseringar. Sannolikheten för utredning ökar för flickors aktualiseringar om de har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa eller lever i fattigdom. När aktualiseringar handlar om pojkar minskar sannolikheten för utredning ju äldre pojken är eller om aktualiseringsskälen gäller beteendeproblem i kombination med försummelse. Tidigare aktualiseringar ökar utredningsbenägenheten i störst utsträckning oberoende av kön.Fynden diskuteras utifrån avhandlingens teoretiska ramverk. Slutsatsen är att systemet för att upptäcka barn som far illa har låg sensitivitet, eftersom många barn som far allvarligt illa sorteras ut. Systemet verkar därtill ha låg specificitet eftersom att leva med en ensamstående förälder eller ha knappa ekonomiska förhållanden verkar tolkas som faktiska indikatorer på att barnen far allvarligt illa, snarare än riskfaktorer, medan frånvaron av dessa förhållanden tvärtom tolkas som att barn inte far illa.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson Potter, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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A systems analysis of biodiesel production from wheat straw using oleaginous yeast : process design, mass and energy balances
- 2016
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In: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 9:1, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Biodiesel is the main liquid biofuel in the EU and is currently mainly produced from vegetable oils. Alternative feedstocks are lignocellulosic materials, which provide several benefits compared with many existing feedstocks. This study examined a technical process and its mass and energy balances to gain a systems perspective of combined biodiesel (FAME) and biogas production from straw using oleaginous yeasts. Important process parameters with a determining impact on overall mass and energy balances were identified and evaluated. Results: In the base case, 41% of energy in the biomass was converted to energy products, primary fossil fuel use was 0.37 MJprim/MJ produced and 5.74 MJ fossil fuels could be replaced per kg straw dry matter. The electricity and heat produced from burning the lignin were sufficient for process demands except in scenarios where the yeast was dried for lipid extraction. Using the residual yeast cell mass for biogas production greatly increased the energy yield, with biogas contributing 38% of total energy products. Conclusions: In extraction methods without drying the yeast, increasing lipid yield and decreasing the residence time for lipid accumulation are important for the energy and mass balance. Changing the lipid extraction method from wet to dry makes the greatest change to the mass and energy balance. Bioreactor agitation and aeration for lipid accumulation and yeast propagation is energy demanding. Changes in sugar concentration in the hydrolysate and residence times for lipid accumulation greatly affect electricity demand, but have relatively small impacts on fossil energy use (NER) and energy yield (EE). The impact would probably be greater if externally produced electricity were used.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson Potter, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Greenhouse gas performance of biochemical biodiesel production from straw : Soil organic carbon changes and time-dependent climate impact
- 2017
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In: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Use of bio-based diesel is increasing in Europe. It is currently produced from oilseed crops, but can also be generated from lignocellulosic biomass such as straw. However, removing straw affects soil organic carbon (SOC), with potential consequences for the climate impact of the biofuel. This study assessed the climate impacts and energy balance of biodiesel production from straw using oleaginous yeast, with subsequent biogas production from the residues, with particular emphasis on SOC changes over time. It also explored the impact of four different scenarios for returning the lignin fraction of the biomass to soil to mitigate SOC changes. Climate impact was assessed using two methods, global warming potential (GWP) and a time-dependent temperature model (ΔT s ) that describes changes in mean global surface temperature as a function of time or absolute temperature change potential (AGTP). Results: Straw-derived biodiesel reduced GWP by 33-80% compared with fossil fuels and primary fossil energy use for biodiesel production was 0.33-0.80 MJprim/MJ, depending on the scenario studied. Simulations using the time-dependent temperature model showed that a scenario where all straw fractions were converted to energy carriers and no lignin was returned to soil resulted in the highest avoided climate impact. The SOC changes due to straw removal had a large impact on the results, both when using GWP and the time-dependent temperature model. Conclusions: In a climate perspective, it is preferable to combust straw lignin to produce electricity rather than returning it to the soil if the excess electricity replaces natural gas electricity, according to results from both GWP and time-dependent temperature modelling. Using different methods to assess climate impact did not change the ranking between the scenarios, but the time-dependent temperature model provided information about system behaviour over time that can be important for evaluation of biofuel systems, particularly in relation to climate target deadlines.
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| 45. |
- Knöös, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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A method for conversion of hounsfield number to electron density and prediction of macroscopic pair production cross-sections
- 1986
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In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 5:4, s. 337-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for the determination of electron density using a narrow beam attenuation geometry is described. The method does not require that the elemental composition of the phantom materials is known. The Hounsfield numbers for the phantom materials used were determined using five different CT scanners. A relationship between Hounsfield number and electron density can thus be established, which is of considerable value in radiation therapy treatment planning procedures. Measurements of the ratio coherent/incoherent scattering of low energy photons in a certain geometry has proven valuable for determination of atomic number, which in its turn can be used for estimation of macroscopic pair production coefficients for high energy photons. The combination of knowledge of electron density with methods for determination of processes, dependent on atomic number, can form a base for adequate composition of phantom materials for purposes of testing dose calculation algorithms for photons and electrons.
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| 46. |
- Knöös, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of measured and calculated absorbed doses from tangential irradiation of the breast
- 1986
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In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 7:1, s. 81-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Calculated absorbed dose distributions from tangential irradiation of the breast have been compared with TLD measurements in a anthropomorfic body-shaped phantom which has gone through all phases of the radiation treatment planning cycle, including mapping of electron densities with a CT scanner, simulation of beam set-up and several treatments with an accelerator. The absorbed doses, measured in the breast are 2-6% lower than those calculated with the clinically used treatment planning system. The deviation is slightly higher when wedges are used. The main source for this deviation is shown to be the limitations in the loss-of-scatter correction in the dose calculation algorithm used. It has also been noted that the variation of the absorbed dose in the target volume is in general smaller than predicted by the calculations.
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| 47. |
- Lambe, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Reductions in use of hormone replacement therapy: effects on Swedish breast cancer incidence trends only seen after several years.
- 2010
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In: Breast cancer research and treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7217 .- 0167-6806. ; 121:3, s. 679-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies from Western countries have found evidence of a recent decline in breast cancer incidence rates in postmenopausal women, findings which have been hypothesized to reflect a reduced use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). We examined breast cancer incidence trends in Sweden between 1997 and 2007, a period characterized by a drop in the use of HRT. Incidence trends were assessed using data from three population-based Regional Clinical Registries on breast cancer covering 2/3 of the Swedish population. Information on HRT sales was obtained from national pharmacy data. The prevalence of HRT use in age group 50-59 years decreased from a peak of 36% in 1999 to 27% in 2002 and further to 9% in 2007. Incidence rates of breast cancer in women 50 years and older increased between 1997 and 2003. A significant decrease in incidence between 2003 and 2007 was confined to women 50-59 years of age, the group in which the prevalence of HRT use has been highest and the decrease in use most pronounced. As opposed to the immediate effects reported from the United States and other regions, there was a time lag between the drop in HRT use and clear reductions in breast cancer incidence. This may reflect between country differences with regard to types of HRT used, and the rate, magnitude and pattern of change in use. The present findings give further support to the notion that HRT use is a driver of breast cancer incidence trends on the population level.
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| 48. |
- Landälv, Ludvig, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Si doping and O-2 flow on arc-deposited (Al,Cr)(2)O-3 coatings
- 2019
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In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 37:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- (Al,Cr)(2)O-3 coatings with Al/( Al + Cr) = 0.5 or Al = 70 at. %, doped with 0, 5, or 10 at. % Si, were deposited on hard metal and Si(100) substrates to elucidate the influence of Si on the resulting coatings. The chemical analysis of the coatings showed between 3.3 and 7.4 at. % metal fraction Si incorporated into all studied coatings depending on cathode Si composition. The incorporated Si content does not change significantly with different oxygen flows covering a wide range of deposition conditions from low to high O-2 flow during growth. The addition of Si promotes the metastable B1-like cubic structure over the thermodynamically stable corundum structure. The hardness determined by nanoindentation of the as-deposited coatings is slightly reduced upon Si incorporation as well as upon increased Al content. Si is found enriched in droplets but can also be found at a lower content, evenly spread, without visible segregation at the similar to 5 nm scale, in the actual oxide coating. The positive effect of improved cathode erosion upon Si incorporation has to be balanced against the promotion of the metastable B1-like structure, having lower room temperature hardness and inferior thermal stability compared to the corundum structure. Published by the AVS.
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| 49. |
- Landälv, Ludvig, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Phase evolution of radio frequency magnetron sputtered Cr-rich (Cr,Zr)(2)O-3 coatings studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during annealing in air or vacuum
- 2019
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In: Journal of Materials Research. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 34:22, s. 3735-3746
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phase evolution of reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtered Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coatings has been studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during annealing under air atmosphere and vacuum. The annealing in vacuum shows t-ZrO2 formation starting at similar to 750-800 degrees C, followed by decomposition of the alpha-Cr2O3 structure in conjunction with bcc-Cr formation, starting at similar to 950 degrees C. The resulting coating after annealing to 1140 degrees C is a mixture of t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, and bcc-Cr. The air-annealed sample shows t-ZrO2 formation starting at similar to 750 degrees C. The resulting coating after annealing to 975 degrees C is a mixture of t-ZrO2 and alpha-Cr2O3 (with dissolved Zr). The microstructure coarsened slightly during annealing, but the mechanical properties are maintained, with no detectable bcc-Cr formation. A larger t-ZrO2 fraction compared with alpha-Cr2O3 is observed in the vacuum-annealed coating compared with the air-annealed coating at 975 degrees C. The results indicate that the studied pseudo-binary oxide is more stable in air atmosphere than in vacuum.
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| 50. |
- Landälv, Ludvig, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Structural evolution in reactive RF magnetron sputtered (Cr,Zr)2O3 coatings during annealing
- 2017
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In: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 131, s. 543-552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactive RF-magnetron sputtering is used to grow Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coatings at 500 degrees C. Coatings are annealed at 750 degrees C, 810 degrees C, and 870 degrees C. The microstructure evolution of the pseudobinary oxide compound is characterized through high resolution state of the art HRSTEM and HREDX-maps, revealing the segregation of Cr and Zr on the nm scale. The as-deposited coating comprises cc-(Cr,Zr)(2)O-3 solid solution with a Zr-rich (Zr,Cr)O-x. amorphous phase. After annealing to 750 degrees C tetragonal ZrO2 nucleates and grows from the amorphous phase. The ZrO2 phase is stabilized in its tetragonal structure at these fairly low annealing temperatures, possibly due to the small grain size (below 30 nm). Correlated with the nucleation and growth of the tetragonal-ZrO2 phase is an increase in hardness, with a maximum hardness after annealing to 750 degrees C, followed by a decrease in hardness upon coarsening, bcc metallic Cr phase formation and loss of oxygen, during annealing to 870 degrees C. The observed phase segregation opens up future design routes for pseudobinary oxides with tunable microstructural and mechanical properties. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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