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- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Thompson, B.A., et al.
(author)
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Application of a 5-tiered scheme for standardized classification of 2,360 unique mismatch repair gene variants in the InSiGHT locus-specific database
- 2014
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:2, s. 107-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives. The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) undertook a collaborative effort to develop, test and apply a standardized classification scheme to constitutional variants in the Lynch syndrome-associated genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution. The scheme was refined by multidisciplinary expert committee review of the clinical and functional data available for variants, applied to 2,360 sequence alterations, and disseminated online. Assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for 66% of 12,006 database entries. Clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for 1,370 variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature. This large-scale endeavor will facilitate the consistent management of families suspected to have Lynch syndrome and demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in the curation and classification of variants in public locus-specific databases. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
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| 5. |
- Ohara, N, et al.
(author)
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Sequence analysis and variation of EBNA-1 in Epstein-Barr virus-related herpesvirus of cynomolgus monkey
- 2000
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In: Intervirology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0300-5526 .- 1423-0100. ; 43:2, s. 102-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <i>Objectives:</i> The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is an important protein for immortalization and tumorigenesis of infected cells. EBNA-1 gene variants may play a role in tumorigenesis. We determined the nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequences of EBNA-1 in EBV-related herpesviruses from cynomolgus monkeys (cynomolgus-EBV) which induced malignant lymphomas in its natural host and in rabbits, and compared them with sequences of EBV and other lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs). <i>Methods:</i> Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing methods were performed using extracted DNA from cynomolgus-EBV-infected cell lines. <i>Results:</i> The amino acid sequences of cynomolgus-EBV EBNA-1 from two cell lines (Si-IIA: 588 aa; Ts-B6: 619 aa) which are antigenically cross-reactive to human EBV EBNA-1 showed homology with human EBV (Si-IIA: 53%; Ts-B6: 58%) and other LCVs from baboons (54 and 52%) and rhesus monkeys (60 and 58%), especially in the C-terminal unique domain. Homology of the EBNA-1 sequence between Si-IIA and Ts-B6 was 92%. The sequence difference between EBV and the related LCVs was manifested mainly in the length of the internal repeat 3-corresponding region, which contains serine in the glycine/alanine repeat region of nonhuman LCVs. <i>Conclusion:</i> Sequence variation of cynomolgus-EBV EBNA-1 from different cell lines was observed. However, their sequences show a relatively high homology with human EBV and share the common features of EBNA-1 of EBV and other LCVs.
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| 11. |
- Matsusaki, M, et al.
(author)
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Nanosphere induced gene expression in human dendritic cells
- 2005
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In: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 5:11, s. 2168-2173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The molecular mechanisms of nanosphere-induced mucosal immunization are important to decipher, since this can form the basis for novel approaches in, e.g., nasal vaccination. In this study, we have investigated the effect of nanospheres as antigen carriers on immature human dendritic cells. The results clearly indicate that tetanus toxoid immobilized nanospheres have a direct effect on human monocyte derived dendritic cells and induce a specific transcriptional profile involving genes crucial for phagocytosis and a protective immune response.
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| 12. |
- Ooki, S., et al.
(author)
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Hydrological study of Lyngmossen bog, Sweden: Isotopic tracers (H-3, delta H-2 and delta O-18) imply three waters with different mobilities
- 2018
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 199, s. 97-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The H-3 concentration and stable isotope ratio of hydrogen and oxygen, delta H-2 and delta O-18, of waters extracted from a Sphagnum-dominant raised bog in Lyngmossen, Sweden, were measured in order to understand where the precipitation is retained and how mobile it is. Three types of waters, which were defined by extractability, were collected from the peat. Two waters were extracted by compressing samples with different pressures (SQW1 and SQW2). The other water was obtained by distilling the compressed samples (DW). H-3 was detected in all types of water from depths of 0-50 cm: the concentrations in SQW1, SQW2 and DW ranged 1.17-3.07 Bq/L, 0.98-2.03 Bq/L, and 1.02-1.54 Bq/L, respectively. The maximum H-3 concentrations of SQW1, SQW2 and DW were all detected at a depth of around 15 cm, whose C-14 age covers the year of the atomic bomb experiments. The H-3 results of SQW1/2 indicate that SQW consists of at least two waters of different mobility, water flowing rapidly downward and immobile water. Sphagnum hyaline cells may be responsible for the immobile water. The delta O-18 and delta H-2 relationship exhibited independent trends between SQW and DW. The distinct difference observed between the two waters at the surface (0-5 cm) indicates that the two waters may be supplied by precipitation at different times of the year, or alternatively that DW comprises plant water taken in from hyaline cells. The delta O-18 and delta H-2 values of both SQW and DW in the shallow layer increased with increasing depth, and in the layer around 30 cm depth, those of SQW showed a distinct decrease with depth. Isotope fractionation caused by evaporation and/or plant utilization of water at the surface layer are considered to be the main causes of such isotopic variation at the surface. Evaporation is likely to take place in much drier conditions for DW than for SQW, probably through stems by capillary action. In SQW freezing may be a possible cause for the decrease of delta O-18 and delta H-2 around 30 cm depth. DW is isotopically very well separated from two SQW1/2. Integrating all isotopic information, we conclude the presence of three different waters: least mobile water at shallow depth perhaps in hyaline cells, which can be extracted by squeezing peat with low pressure; most mobile water in a deeper layer than 30 cm, extracted also by squeezing peat; mobile but least extractable water, which is likely water inside plant tissues. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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