| 1. |
- Albertazzi, Simone, et al.
(author)
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Deactivation of a Ni-Based Reforming Catalyst During the Upgrading of the Producer Gas, from Simulated to Real Conditions
- 2011
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In: Topics in catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1022-5528 .- 1572-9028. ; 54:10, s. 746-754
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The deactivation of a nickel reforming catalyst during the upgrading of the producer gas obtained by gasification of lignocellulosic biomass was studied. The research involved several steps: the selective deactivation of the catalyst in a laboratory scale; the streaming of the catalyst with the producer gas of a downdraft and an oxygen/steam circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasifier; and tests in a reformer placed in a slipstream of the CFB gasifier. The information obtained allowed to elucidate the catalyst deactivation mechanisms taking place during the reforming of the producer gas: physical deactivation by deposition of fine ashes, aerosol particulate or carbon; poisoning by H2S and HCl present in the gas phase and thermal sintering because of the high operation temperatures required to avoid the chemical deactivation. These physical and chemical effects depended on the composition of the biomass fuel.
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| 2. |
- Basile, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Steam reforming of hot gas from gasified wood types and miscanthus biomass
- 2011
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In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 35:Supplement 1, s. S116-S122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reforming of hot gas generated from biomass gasification and high temperature gas filtration was studied in order to reach the goal of the CHRISGAS project: a 60% of synthesis gas (as x(H2)+ x(CO) on a N2 and dry basis) in the exit gas, which can be converted either into H2 or fuels. A Ni-MgAl2O4 commercial-like catalyst was tested downstream the gasification of clean wood made of saw dust, waste wood and miscanthus as herbaceous biomass. The effect of the temperature and contact time on the hydrocarbon conversion as well as the characterization of the used catalysts was studied. Low (<600 °C), medium (750°C–900 °C) and high temperature (900°C–1050 °C) tests were carried out in order to study, respectively, the tar cracking, the lowest operating reformer temperature for clean biomass, the methane conversion achievable as function of the temperature and the catalyst deactivation. The results demonstrate the possibility to produce an enriched syngas by the upgrading of the gasification stream of woody biomass with low sulphur content. However, for miscanthusthe development of catalysts with an enhanced resistance to sulphur poison will be the key point in the process development.
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| 3. |
- Einvall, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of reforming catalyst deactivation by exposure to fly ash from biomass gasification in laboratory scale
- 2007
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In: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 21:5, s. 2481-2488
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production of synthesis gas by catalytic reforming of product gas from biomass gasification can lead to catalyst deactivation by the exposure to ash compounds present in the flue gas. The impact of fly ash from biomass gasification on reforming catalysts was studied at the laboratory scale. The investigated catalyst was Pt/Rh based, and it was exposed to generated K2SO4 aerosol particles and to aerosol particles produced from the water-soluble part of biomass fly ash, originating from a commercial biomass combustion plant. The noble metal catalyst was also compared with a commercial Ni-based catalyst, exposed to aerosol particles of the same fashion. To investigate the deactivation by aerosol particles, a flow containing submicrometer-size selected aerosol particles was led through the catalyst bed. The particle size of the poison was measured prior to the catalytic reactor system. Fresh and aerosol particle exposed catalysts were characterized using BET surface area, XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), and H2 chemisorption. The Pt/Rh catalyst was also investigated for activity in the steam methane reforming reaction. It was found that the method to deposit generated aerosol particles on reforming catalysts could be a useful procedure to investigate the impact of different compounds possibly present in the product gas from the gasifier, acting as potential catalyst poisons. The catalytic deactivation procedure by exposure to aerosol particles is somehow similar to what happens in a real plant, when a catalyst bed is located subsequent to a biomass gasifier or a combustion boiler. Using different environments (oxidizing, reducing, steam present, etc.) in the aerosol generation adds further flexibility to the suggested aerosol deactivation method. It is essential to investigate the deactivating effect at the laboratory scale before a full-scale plant is taken into operation to avoid operational problems.
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| 4. |
- Parsland, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Effect on Catalytic Activity and Stability of the Gas Coming from a Gasifier
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This deliverable contains both laboratory experiments and experiments where the watergas-shift catalyst has been exposed to gas and particles generated by biomass gasification.The gasification experiments took place in the 100 kWth CFB gasifier at Delft University of Technology in Delft in July 2008 and in February and August 2009.
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