| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Allen, LT, et al.
(author)
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Interaction of soft condensed materials with living cells: Phenotype/transcriptome correlations for the hydrophobic effect
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 100, s. 6331-6336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The assessment of biomaterial compatibility relies heavily on the analysis of macroscopic cellular responses to material interaction. However, new technologies have become available that permit a more profound understanding of the molecular basis of cell-biomaterial interaction. Here, both conventional phenotypic and contemporary transcriptomic (DNA microarray-based) analysis techniques were combined to examine the interaction of cells with a homologous series of copolymer films that subtly vary in terms of surface hydrophobicity. More specifically, we used differing combinations of N-isopropylacrylamide, which is presently used as an adaptive cell culture substrate, and the more hydrophobic, yet structurally similar, monomer N-tert-butylacrylamide. We show here that even discrete modifications with respect to the physiochemistry of soft amorphous materials can lead to significant impacts on the phenotype of interacting cells. Furthermore, we have elucidated putative links between phenotypic responses to cell-biomaterial interaction and global gene expression profile alterations. This case study indicates that high-throughput analysis of gene expression not only can greatly refine our knowledge of cell-biomaterial interaction, but also can yield novel biomarkers for potential use in biocompatibility assessment
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| 6. |
- Baldwin, H, et al.
(author)
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Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
- 2022
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In: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1, s. 297-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P individuals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or divergence of neuroanatomical profiles between individuals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the ‘normativeness’ of neuroanatomical profiles in individuals at CHR-P. CHR-P individuals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical divergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P individuals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P individuals (0.70%) with marked deviation (>1.5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater divergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an individual level, irrespective of psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required of those who demonstrate marked deviation.
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| 9. |
- Lynch, I, et al.
(author)
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Correlation of the adhesive properties of cells to N-iso-propylacrylamide/N-tert-butylacrylamide copolymer surfaces with changes in the surface structure using contact angle measurements, molecular simulations and Raman spectroscopy
- 2005
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In: Chemistry of Materials. - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 17, s. 3889-3898
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and the more hydrophobic comonomer N-tert-butylacrylamide (NTBAM), with increasing NTBAM content (i.e. increasing hydrophobicity) were prepared. The adhesion of human endothelial cells on polymer films prepared from copolymers of NIPAM:NTBAM was observed to increase with increasing polymer hydrophobicity. However, in the absence of serum, cell adhesion to the different surfaces was statistically indistinguishable. Thus, it appears that the copolymer films differentially support cell adhesion due to selective adsorption of proteins from the physiological environment (the serum). Using contact angle measurements, molecular simulations and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the different surfaces, we show evidence that the different behavior of the films of increasing hydrophobicity is actually due to the different chemical properties of the surfaces with increasing content of NTBAM in the copolymers. As the NTBAM content is increased, the number of NH residues at the surface decreases, due to the additional steric hindrance of the bulkier NTBAM group, which results in decreased hydrogen bonding and thus decreased adsorption of proteins such as albumin. However, in some cases, the adsorption is driven by hydrophobic interactions, and proteins such as fibronectin were found to adsorb more to the films with a higher content of NTBAM. There appears, thus, to be a direct correlation between surface composition and protein binding and the subsequent cell adhesion.
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