| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ferrando, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Effects of oxygen on post-surgical infections during an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy : a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
-
In: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 124:1, s. 110-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to examine whether using a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in the context of an individualised intra- and postoperative open-lung ventilation approach could decrease surgical site infection (SSI) in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in a network of 21 university hospitals from June 6, 2017 to July 19, 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive a high (0.80) or conventional (0.3) FIO2 during the intraoperative period and during the first 3 postoperative hours. All patients were mechanically ventilated with an open-lung strategy, which included recruitment manoeuvres and individualised positive end-expiratory pressure for the best respiratory-system compliance, and individualised continuous postoperative airway pressure for adequate peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI within the first 7 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were composites of systemic complications, length of intensive care and hospital stay, and 6-month mortality. Results: We enrolled 740 subjects: 371 in the high FIO2 group and 369 in the low FIO2 group. Data from 717 subjects were available for final analysis. The rate of SSI during the first postoperative week did not differ between high (8.9%) and low (9.4%) FIO2 groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.50; P=0.90]). Secondary outcomes, such as atelectasis (7.7% vs 9.8%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.48-1.25; P=0.38) and myocardial ischaemia (0.6% [n=2] vs 0% [n=0]; P=0.47) did not differ between groups. Conclusions: An oxygenation strategy using high FIO2 compared with conventional FIO2 did not reduce postoperative SSIs in abdominal surgery. No differences in secondary outcomes or adverse events were found.
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| 3. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(author)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 6. |
- Jansen, Iris E, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
- 2022
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In: Acta neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0533 .- 0001-6322. ; 144:5, s. 821-842
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n=8074; replication n=5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
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| 7. |
- Escott-Price, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Gene-Wide Analysis Detects Two New Susceptibility Genes for Alzheimer's Disease
- 2014
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e94661-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal Findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4x10(-6)) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9x10(-8)) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 8. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
-
In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1459-1544
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death.INTERPRETATION: At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems.
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| 10. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(author)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Alkmim, Tania, et al.
(author)
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El uso del portugués en comunidades de religiones afrobrasileñas en el Uruguay : un estudio de caso
- 2013
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In: Estudios Afrolatinoamericanos. - Buenos Aires : Ediciones del CCC Centro Cultural de la Cooperación Floreal Gorini. - 9789871650507 ; , s. 587-601
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Varios investigadores del campo de las ciencias sociales han señalado que la frontera de Rio Grande do Sul funciona como frente de expansión de las religiones afrobrasileñas para Uruguay y Argentina. Pi Hugarte, autor de una serie de publicaciones sobre las mencionadas religiones en el Uruguay, afirma que “la umbanda del Uruguay ya es un fenómeno cultural propio” (Pi Hugarte, 1992: 45). Eso coincide con la postura de Porzecanski (2008) que se refiere al “ritual afro-uruguayo de la Umbanda”, lo que se puede interpretar como la designación de una modalidad regional de esa religión. Según trabajos anteriores, en los rituales de dicha modalidad regional se emplea el portugués, pero no encontramos investigaciones de carácter lingüístico sobre la difusión de esa lengua como consecuencia de la expansión religiosa o sobre el uso del portugués brasileño y la convivencia de esa variedad con el español regional en el ámbito afroumbandista. Fue así que surgió la idea de realizar un trabajo de campo para observar la comunicación ritual y juntar datos lingüísticos en una comunidad montevideana que se dedica a las prácticas religiosas denominadas Batuque Quimbanda y Umbanda. Aportamos datos empíricos de un estudio de caso para describir el uso del portugués en contextos religiosos entre hablantes nativos de español. Completamos los datos recogidos consultando estudios anteriores para poder ampliar el universo observado y presentar ejemplos de comunidades que no tuvimos la oportunidad de visitar. Las preguntas discutidas son: ¿En qué situaciones comunicativas y por qué razones se utiliza el portugués en contextos religiosos y rituales en el Uruguay? ¿Cuáles son los componentes lingüísticos que se destacan y cuál es su relación con las variedades de español regional y con el lenguaje que se utiliza en comunidades de religión afro en el Brasil?
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| 13. |
- Álvarez López, Laura
(author)
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200 años de herencia lingüística afrolatina : descendientes de Ansina y otros soldados de Artigas en el Paraguay
- 2013
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In: Moderna Språk. - 2000-3560. ; 107:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Los datos lingüísticos analizados provienen en parte de comunidades afroparaguayas fundadas por los descendientes de esclavos libertos que fueron soldados de José Artigas, el "libertador y héroe nacional" del Uruguay. El objetivo del artículo es comparar los datos afroparaguayos analizados por Lipski (2009) con datos de variedades del español y portugués en contacto con lenguas africanas en Uruguay y Brasil para ver si coinciden o no. Con base en datos lingüísticos y socio-históricos, se argumenta que tal vez existan tantas o más similitudes con variedades de portugués afrobrasileño que con los datos sobre el habla de los afrouruguayos en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Esto puede explicarse a través de hechos históricos y sociales.
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| 14. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, 1968-
(author)
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A alternância /d/, /l/ e /r/ em variedades linguísticas afrolatinas
- 2010
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In: Journal of Portuguese and Spanish lexically-based creoles. - 1646-7000. ; 2:1, s. 1-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Este trabalho é uma análise da alternância entre /l/, /r/ e/d/ na linguagem de comunidades latino-americanas de forte presença africana ouafrodescendente. Os dados examinados provêm de uma série de estudos linguísticosanteriores e fontes literárias em espanhol e em português que incluemrepresentações da fala de africanos e seus descendentes. Duas perguntasnorteiam o presente estudo: Quais são os fonemas que se “confundem” e em queposições? Até que ponto a “confusão” é frequente nas variedades em questão? Apartir destas perguntas discutem-se explicações para esta mudança baseadas emdados que apontam seja para a deriva ou evolução natural das variedadesibéricas, seja para o contato entre línguas ibéricas e africanas. A análise dosdados revela que alguns destes fonemas são trocados de forma sistemática emposições específicas unicamente em variedades de espanhol e português queevoluíram em contato com línguas africanas.
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| 15. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, 1968-
(author)
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A língua de Camões com Iemanjá : Forma e funções da linguagem do candomblé
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present thesis addresses the relationship between the structure and social functions of language through the study of an Afro-Brazilian Portuguese speech community. The adopted methodological, analytical, and theoretical standpoints have their origin in linguistic anthropology, social psychology of language and discourse analysis. A set of data was collected during extensive fieldwork in Salvador (Brazil), and consists of recordings of informal conversations with and between followers of Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religion.Focusing on the communicative process in a specific communicative setting, the linguistic analyses illustrate the relationship between language and identity by examining theway in which expressions of African origin function as identity markers. In order to connect such Africanisms used by Candomblé followers in their everyday speech with the linguistic attitudes and ideologies found in Brazilian society throughout history, an interdisciplinary approach was called for and factors that affect the speech community’s ethnolinguistic vitality were explored. Linguistic attitudes and ideologies that have influenced group vitality were analyzed in the socio-political context (or macro-context). At the same time, the purpose was to understand communication within the sacred space of Candomblé by examining issues such as changes in linguistic forms and functions in the communicative situation (or microcontext).Apart from revealing patterns of communication in Candomblé communities, the results of the analyses show how linguistic changes such as re-Africanization are triggered by changes of attitudes in society. These changes affect speakers’ identities and language use within speech communities.
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| 16. |
- Alvarez López, Laura
(author)
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A reafricanização lingüística no Brasil
- 2005
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In: Memorias del XIV Congreso Internacional de ALFAL (Latin American Association of Linguistics and Philology). - 9563101790
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Africanismos léxicos en la historia lexicográfica de Uruguay : acepciones, usos y etimologías
- 2021
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In: Revista de Lexicografía. - 1134-4539. ; 27, s. 7-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article studies words of African origin with a lexicographic record in Uruguay, focusing on two chronological extremes: the first dictionary published in Uruguay in 1890, Vocabulario Rioplatense Razonado, and the most recent, Diccionario del Español del Uruguay, from 2011. It describes the journey of 14 lexical items through Uruguayan lexicography eliciting variants, derivatives, meanings, brands and information on their origin and use. It verifies if they have been collected in the Portuguese lexicography and presents possible etyma in African languages. To conclude, it highlights that most of the words appear in the most recent dictionary, that they are of Bantu origin and that they probably entered Uruguayan Spanish through Portuguese. It also notes that some of them are not far from their original meaning, while others have evolved in a distinct way in Uruguayan Spanish.
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| 21. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Afro-Brazilian Cupópia : lexical and morphosyntactic features of a lexically driven in-group code
- 2017
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In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages ( Print). - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0920-9034 .- 1569-9870. ; 32:1, s. 75-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper focuses on the speech of a rural Afro-Brazilian community called Cafundó, situated 150 km from São Paulo. In 1978, when linguistic data were collected, the community constituted approximately eighty individuals, descendants of two slave women who inherited their owners’ proprieties. According to earlier studies, when the inhabitants of Cafundó spoke in their supposed ‘African language,’ Cupópia, they used structures borrowed from Portuguese and a vocabulary of possible African origin. A lexical analysis shows that the etymologies match historical and demographical data, indicating that speakers of varieties of Kimbundu, Kikongo and Umbundu dominated in the community. Through a morphosyntactic analysis, specific features were found in the data, such as copula absence and variable agreement patterns. By showing that some of Cupópia’s specific grammatical features are not derived from the Portuguese spoken by the same speakers but are instead shared with more restructured varieties, this paper defends the hypothesis that this lexically driven in-group code is not simply a regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words.
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| 22. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Afro-Latin American religious expressions and representations : Stockholm Review of Latin American Studies No. 4, March 2009
- 2009
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The creation and re-creation of Afro-Latin American religious movements and traditions all over the Americas is an ever-changing process. Although popular, intellectual, and judicial actors have defined Afro-Latin American religions as magic, sorcery, or merely folklore, today they are becoming increasingly respected, visible, interrelated, and recognized as national culture. Attempting to discern symbolic meanings of cultural and religious manifestations in Afro-Latin American religious communities – be they in the form of saintly images, speech patterns or narrative – scholars, increasingly seconded by practitioners, have described the ongoing processes of creation and re-creation as acculturation, transculturation, métissage or syncretism and more recently as creolization, hybridization or dialogue. In that sense, a common denominator for a large share of studies of Afro-Latin American religions is that they deal with various aspects of representations. Representing is part of everyday life as people collectively name and define the world and therefore, representations influence the dissemination of knowledge, construction of social identities as well as social transformations. Furthermore, besides their West and Central African antecedents, Afro-Latin American religions share aspects as the colonial past, the multicultural origins, Christian mission and campaigning, as well as movements such as negritude, noirisme, Black Power and transnational youth culture that together have created conflicting expressions and representations of, and within, Afro-Latin American religious communities in Diaspora settings. Such representations, of course, induce responses within Afro-Latin American religious communities. Within these communities – sometimes influenced by scholars and at fora such as international conferences – there are contestations of representations of an African or Afro-American heritage and ongoing debates about the alleged purity of religious practices. The aim of this volume is to explore how Afro-Latin American religions and some of their shared basic features, such as communication with spiritual beings, identities and the use of magic, are represented, self-represented and understood in their various socio-cultural contexts.
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| 23. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Afroamerikanska religioner
- 2012
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In: Religion i Latinamerika. - Stockholm : Dialogos Förlag. - 9789175042466 ; , s. 226-259
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Álvarez López, Laura
(author)
-
Como avançar no estudo do léxico de origem africana na América Latina?
- 2012
-
In: Revista da Abralin. - : Associacao Brasileira de Linguistica. - 1678-1805 .- 2178-7603 .- 0102-7158. ; 11:2, s. 203-225
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The text discusses adequate methodologies for the development of a database including lexicon of African origin in varieties of Latin American Spanish and Portuguese. The aim is to start a discussion about the elaboration of theoretical and methodological approaches to be applied in future research. It also points out the possibility of articulation of various work fronts operating at the same time for which it will become necessary to perform lexicographical and metalexicographical pilot studies alongside the development of the database. The idea is to test a set of hypotheses and elaborate theoretical and methodological approaches that result suitable for a systematic and comprehensive study of the lexicon of African origin in Latin America using the available sources.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Introducción
- 2012
-
In: Una historia sin fronteras. - : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis. - 9789186071974 ; , s. 7-11
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 39. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2009
-
In: Stockholm Review of Latin American Studies. - 1654-0204. ; :4, s. 3-10
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Attempting to discern the symbolic meanings of cultural and religious manifestations in Afro-Latin American religious communities – be they in the form of saintly images, speech patterns or narratives – scholars, increasingly seconded by practitioners, have described the on-going processes of creation and re-creation as acculturation, transculturation, métissage or syncretism and more recently as creolization, hybridization or dialogue. In that sense, a common denominator for a large share of studies of Afro-Latin American religions is that they deal with various aspects of representations. Representing is part of everyday life as people collectively name and define the world. In this way, representations influ- ence the dissemination of knowledge as well as the construction of social identities and social transformations.
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| 40. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2018
-
In: The Portuguese Language Continuum in Africa and Brazil. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027201898 - 9789027263186 ; , s. 1-16
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter introduces the idea of a continuum of Portuguese in Africa and Brazil. It further identifies the common research questions, presenting earlier studies and discussing current gaps in research about Brazilian and African varieties of Portuguese. A detailed overview of the book explains how each of the contributions works towards informing these questions. Finally, in the final remarks, the authors suggest further research questions, and put forward the necessity of developing a corpus that includes a diversity of points along the Afro-Brazilian continuum, i.e. datasets with the potential to inspire comprehensive descriptions as well as fine-tuned analyses of the linguistic properties and sociohistorical settings of the continuum. Moreover, this introduction signals the need for supplementary research on exactly which linguistic groups have cohabited where, and in which conditions, and for further exploration of the weight that each of the languages in a particular setting has had in the competition created by each contact situation.
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| 41. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2009
-
In: Stockholm Review of Latin American Studies. - Stockholm : Stockholms universitet. - 1654-0204. ; :4, s. 3-10
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 42. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2013
-
In: Computer mediated discourse across languages. - Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis. - 9789187235405 - 9789187235399 ; , s. 11-16
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Álvarez López, Laura, 1968-
(author)
-
Préfacio
- 2022
-
In: Variação em Português e em Outras Línguas Românicas. - : Editora Blucher. - 9786555501292 ; , s. 17-20
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Em 2019, as professoras e pesquisadoras Vanessa Meireles, daUniversidade Paul Valéry, e Marcia dos Santos Machado Vieira, da UniversidadeFederal do Rio de Janeiro, deram início ao projeto internacional VariaR –Variação em Línguas Românicas, do qual surge a presente coletânea que exploraum conjunto de variedades de português. O grupo de pesquisa, que já organizoucolóquios e seminários internacionais, tem como objetivo principal incentivar acolaboração entre pesquisadores que têm em comum o objetivo de estudar avariação e mudança na língua portuguesa e contribuir para a descrição e aanálise de fenômenos variáveis no plano fonético-fonológico e morfossintático,inclusive a comparação do português com outras línguas românicas.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Alvarez López, Laura
(author)
-
Quem eram os minas? Notas sobre a 'nação' mina no sul do Brasil e no Prata no século XIX
- 2015
-
In: Dinâmicas Afro-Latinas. - Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang Publishing Group. - 9783631660249 ; , s. 43-63
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The collection covers topics of interest to both the historical and linguistic study of the contacts between speakers of African and Iberian languages in the constitution of Latin American societies. Supported by historical and demographic data, the twelve chapters cover topics of interest to the discussion on the formation of Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Moreover, the book draws attention to the need to articulate the fields of Linguistics and History and contributes to the discussion on the formation of varieties of Latin American Portuguese and Spanish.
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| 50. |
- Álvarez López /, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Registers of African-derived lexicon in Uruguay : etymologies, demography and semantic change
- 2019
-
In: Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0049-8661 .- 1865-9063. ; 135:1, s. 223-255
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper deals with 82 words of possible African origin registered in Uruguay by Ildefonso Pereda Valdés and Rolando Laguarda Trías between 1937 and 1965. Many of the lexical items were probably introduced by enslaved Africans brought to the region during the 18th and 19th centuries. Evidence shows that most of the words are apparently shared with varieties of Spanish outside the Rio de la Plata region, and most of them also appear in neighboring Argentina and Brazil. Furthermore, the African-derived lexicon is often used to denominate the ‘other’ with respect to people and social behaviors, and most of these loanwords are nouns with possible origins in Bantu languages spoken in West-Central Africa, which corresponds to the available demographic data.
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