| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Sex och straff
- 2011
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In: Festskrift till Per Ole Träskman. ; , s. 24-32
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Mind the gap! Moving from awareness to action : Showcasing emergent research from the Swedish Graduate School in Education for Sustainable Development (GRESD)
- 2015
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In: Abstract list of WEEC 2015. - : WEEC.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: The main purpose of the symposium is to showcase some recent research findings produced by PhD students accepted by or affiliated with the Swedish Graduate School in Education for Sustainable development (GRESD). Objectives: GRESD started as a state sponsored one-time research capacity development project that accepted 9 post-graduate student and included additional 9 post-graduate students all focusing on ESD in their PhD projects. With the project coming to an end and having produced a number of dissertations targeting an international research audience, it is the intention to showcase some of the central contributions made and to receive feedback on from practitioners and researchers on how existent research projects can tie into and contribute to existent demands in environmental education (EE) practice and practice. The presentations of research results are aimed to cover a wide range of issues, including topics such as evaluation of classroom practices, students qualifications, globalization and teachers’ ethical reflections the role of place-specific artifacts in learning. As GRESD is a collaboration between eight universities with their specific traditions and approaches to educational research, approaches show a creative variety of theoretical backgrounds. This variation is also reflected in the presentations that are putting into play Lacanian psychoanalysis, discourse theory, pragmatist theory and phenomenography in order to shed new light on critical areas of environmental education. Methods: The symposium will consist of an introduction (10 minutes) brief presentations (10-15 minutes each) of central research findings in the context of their overarching research projects, followed by a synthesis and suggestions by a selected commentator (20 minutes) and general discussions with the audience (20 minutes). The dialogue following the presentations is intended to outline possible future research projects as well as emerging areas topics in the portrayed GRESD research that could feed into existing demands in EE practice and research.
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| 4. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
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In: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 5. |
- Chew, Michelle S., et al.
(author)
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Identification of myocardial injury using perioperative troponin surveillance in major noncardiac surgery and net benefit over the Revised Cardiac Risk Index
- 2022
-
In: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 128:1, s. 26-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with perioperative myocardial injury are at risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary aim of this study was to determine optimal thresholds of preoperative and perioperative changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) to predict MACCE and mortality.METHODS: Prospective, observational, cohort study in patients ≥50 yr of age undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery at seven hospitals in Sweden. The exposures were hs-cTnT measured before and days 0-3 after surgery. Two previously published thresholds for myocardial injury and two thresholds identified using receiver operating characteristic analyses were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models and externally validated. The weighted comparison net benefit method was applied to determine the additional value of hs-cTnT thresholds when compared with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACCE.RESULTS: We included 1291 patients between April 2017 and December 2020. The primary outcome occurred in 124 patients (9.6%). Perioperative increase in hs-cTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above preoperative values provided statistically optimal model performance and was associated with the highest risk for the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8-4.7). Validation in an independent, external cohort confirmed these findings. A net benefit over RCRI was demonstrated across a range of clinical thresholds.CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative increases in hsTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above baseline values identifies acute perioperative myocardial injury and provides a net prognostic benefit when added to RCRI for the identification of patients at high risk of death and MACCE.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03436238.
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| 6. |
- Hesselstrand, Roger, et al.
(author)
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An open-label study to evaluate biomarkers and safety in systemic sclerosis patients treated with paquinimod
- 2021
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In: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 23:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the changes in disease-related biomarkers and safety of paquinimod, an oral immunomodulatory compound, in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods: In this open-label, single-arm, multicenter study, SSc patients with a rapidly progressive disease received paquinimod for 8 weeks. Blood and skin biopsies were collected at baseline, during treatment, and at follow-up for the analyses of type I interferon (IFN) activity, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and the number of myofibroblasts. The safety of paquinimod was evaluated throughout the study. Results: Nine SSc patients were enrolled and completed the study treatment with paquinimod at 3 mg/day for 8 weeks. After the treatment, a reduction of type I IFN activity in the plasma from one patient with elevated baseline IFN activity was recorded. A trend towards reduced IFN activity in the skin after treatment was also observed in patients. The serum level of CCL2 was reduced in 7 of 9 patients after paquinimod treatment. There was a median reduction of 10% of the number of myofibroblasts in skin biopsies at week 8 compared to baseline. No change in modified Rodnan skin score and quality of life was detected in the study. Reported adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate and expected with the most common being arthralgia (n = 3) and headache (n = 3), and C-reactive protein (CRP) increase. Conclusions: Analysis of biomarkers before and after treatment suggest reduced type I IFN activity and reduced number of myofibroblasts in lesional skin. Paquinimod was overall well tolerated with mild to moderate and expected AEs. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01487551. Registered on 7 September 2011.
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| 7. |
- Strömbeck, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Allergic disease in 8-year old children is preceded by delayed B-cell maturation.
- 2017
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In: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222. ; 47:7, s. 918-928
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We previously reported that exposure to a farming environment is allergy-protective, while high proportions of neonatal immature/naïve CD5(+) B cells and putative regulatory T cells (Tregs) are risk factors for development of allergic disease and sensitization up to 3 years of age.To examine if B- and T-cell maturation are associated with allergic disease and farming environment over the first 8 years in life.In the prospective FARMFLORA study, including both farming and non-farming families, 48 out of 65 children took part in the 8-year follow-up study. Various B- and T-cell maturation variables were examined in blood samples obtained at several occasions from birth to 8 years of age and related to doctors' diagnosed allergic disease and sensitization, and to farming environment.We found that the incidence of allergic disease was lower among farmers' compared to non-farmers' children during the 8-years follow-up period, and that farmers' children had higher proportions of memory B cells at 8 years of age. Moreover, a high proportion of neonatal CD5(+) B cells was a risk factor for and may predict development of allergic disease at 8 years of age. A high proportion of Tregs was not protective against development of these conditions.High proportions of neonatal naïve B cells remained as a risk factor for allergic disease in school-aged children. Thus, the accelerated B-cell maturation observed among farmers' children may be crucial for the allergy-protective effect of a farming environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
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| 9. |
- Allert, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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Nursing students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration : An interview study
- 2022
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In: Nursing Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2054-1058. ; 9:1, s. 569-577
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To explore nursing students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration.Design: The study used a qualitative descriptive design.Method: The data were collected using individual interviews with a purposive sample of 11 students and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.Results: The students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration were described in two generic categories: prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration and abilities practised in the base group. The generic category "prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration" includes three subcategories: previous experience and education, composition of the base group, and common goals and values in the base group. The generic category "abilities practised in the base group" includes four subcategories: taking personal responsibility, practising role distribution and leadership, developing communication skills and creating togetherness in the base group.
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| 10. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(author)
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BMI status in Swedish children and young adults in relation to caries prevalence.
- 2011
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In: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 35:1, s. 1-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overweight and obesity are increasing as health problems at global level. Dental caries and obesity are both multifactorial diseases and are associated with dietary habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body weight status and caries prevalence in an unselected population followed from pre-school years to young adulthood. The present investigation was designed as a longitudinal analysis of the association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in one population at 3, 6, 15 and 20 years of age. The result shows that adolescents (15 years) and young adults (20 years) who are overweight/obese had a statistically significantly higher caries prevalence than normal-weight young people. At 6 years of age, the odds (OR) of having caries among obese children are 2.5 times higher than the odds for caries among six-year-old children of normal weight (p = 0.04). At 3 years of age, no association between overweight/obesity and caries was found. To conclude, overweight and obese adolescents and young adults had more caries than normal-weight individuals. The present study emphasises the need for multidisciplinary approaches to change the lifestyle factors causing both overweight/obesity and dental caries.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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A developmental ERP study of nonword rhyming
- 2005
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In: Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, CNS 2005. - : Cognitive Neuroscience Society.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous event-related potential (ERP) research of auditory rhyming showed the classical phonological rhyming effect (N450) to be evident in children as young as 6 years of age (Coch, Grossi, Skendzel & Neville, in press). ERPs to spoken nonwords preceded by nonrhyming nonwords showed increased negativity (400-600ms post-stimulus-onset) in comparison to rhyming targets. This effect was largest at posterior medial sites bilaterally. Thus the previous research suggests that the neurocognitive networks involved in processing auditory rhyme information are comparable to adults by the age of 6. The current study extends this finding to even younger children aged 5 to 7 years who also show typical adult rhyming effects. However, more interestingly, younger children ages 3-4 did not show the same distribution of rhyming effects. A second ERP component commonly reported in rhyming tasks with adults is a slow contingent negative variation (CNV) in response to the first stimulus presented, thought to reflect phonological rehearsal. Unlike the N450 the CNV component has been shown to differ between adults and children age 6 to 8 (Coch et al, 2002; Coch et al, in press). The current study allowed us to address the development of this component at an even earlier age. The data provide further information regarding the development of rhyming skill in young children, thought to be fundamental to the acquisition of reading. Both rhyming and phonological rehearsal effects will be discussed in the frameworks of how phonological processing and awareness impact language and literacy development.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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An ERP study of nonword rhyming in 3- to 5-year olds : the effect of age and proficiency
- 2008
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In: Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting Program 2008. - San Fransisco : Cognitive Neuroscience Society. ; , s. 287-287
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous event-related potential (ERP) research of auditory rhyming showed the classical phonological rhyming effect (RE; N450) to be evident in children as young as 6 years of age (Coch, Grossi, Skendzel & Neville, 2005). ERPs to spoken nonword targets preceded by nonrhym- ing nonwords showed increased negativity (400-600ms post-stimulus- onset) in comparison to rhyming targets, and this effect was largest at posterior medial sites bilaterally. Thus the previous research suggests that the neurocognitive networks involved in processing auditory rhyme information are comparable to adults by the age of 6. The current study extends this finding to younger children aged 3, 4 and 5 years. Behavior- ally, the proportion of children with proficiency in rhyming (production and recognition skills) increased as a function of age. When comparing the RE in these age groups, no differences were found in amplitude. However, the onset of the RE decreased linearly with age. An examina- tion of 4-year-old children with different levels of rhyming proficiency revealed similar differences in the RE. Specifically, the onset of the RE was earlier in children with rhyming skills (production and recognition) as compared to children of similar age with little rhyming skills. These results will be discussed in the framework of how phonological process- ing and awareness impact language and literacy development.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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An ERP study of nonword rhyming in 3- to 8-year old monolinguals and 6- to 8-year old bilinguals investigating the effects of age and proficiency
- 2009
-
In: The 2nd Conference of the Swedish Association for Language and Cognition.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of phonological awareness (PA) for later acquired skills including reading and writing have repeatedly been reported (e.g. Lundberg, Olofsson, & Wall, 1980) such that preliterate skills in PA predicts reading and writing up to at least 11 years after (MacDonald & Cornwall, 1995). In the current study behavioural measures of PA along with Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. ERPs record the electrical activity of the brain online sampling millisecond by millisecond such that differences in processing between groups that may not be evident in behavioural measures are possible to discern. Previous ERP studies of auditory rhyming showed the classical phonological rhyming effect (RE; N450) to be evident in children as young as 6 years of age (Coch, Grossi, Skendzel, & Neville, 2005). ERPs to spoken nonword targets (introduced to eliminate effects of semantic skills) preceded by nonrhyming nonwords showed increased negativity (400-600ms post-stimulus-onset) in comparison to rhyming targets, and this effect was largest at posterior medial sites bilaterally. Thus the previous research suggests that the neurocognitive networks involved in processing auditory rhyme information are comparable to adults by the age of 6. The current study (1) extends this finding to younger children aged 3, 4 and 5 years and (2) to bilingual, late learners of English aged 6-8.Behaviourally, the proportion of monolingual children with proficiency in rhyming (production and recognition skills) increased as a function of age. When comparing the RE across age groups, no differences were found in amplitude. However, the timing of the onset of the RE decreased linearly with age, indicating faster processing of the auditory stimuli in older children. An examination of 4-year-old children with different levels of rhyming proficiency revealed similar differences in the RE. Specifically, the onset of the RE was earlier in children with higher rhyming skills as compared to children of similar age with lower rhyming skills. A late rhyming effect (600-800 ms), i.e. an increased negativity to nonrhyming targets with a different distribution than the previously reported RE, was found in high but not low proficient 4-year olds. We hypothesized that this effect was related to verbal short-term memory indicating task difficulty being higher for younger (4-year olds) than older (6-8 year olds) monolingual children. This same effect was found in native Spanish speaking bilingual children aged 6-8 with roughly 2.5 years of experience of English. The significance of these effects will be discussed in the frameworks of language proficiency and age.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Anterior and posterior ERP rhyming effects in 3- to 5-year-old children
- 2018
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In: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 30, s. 178-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During early literacy skills development, rhyming is an important indicator of the phonological precursors required for reading. To determine if neural signatures of rhyming are apparent in early childhood, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 3- to 5-year-old, preliterate children (N = 62) in an auditory prime-target nonword rhyming paradigm (e.g., bly-gry, blane-vox). Overall, nonrhyming targets elicited a larger negativity (N450) than rhyming targets over posterior regions. In contrast, rhyming targets elicited a larger negativity than nonrhyming targets over fronto-lateral sites. The amplitude of the two rhyming effects was correlated, such that a larger posterior effect occurred with a smaller anterior effect. To determine whether these neural signatures of rhyming related to phonological awareness, we divided the children into two groups based on phonological awareness scores while controlling for age and socioeconomic status. The posterior rhyming effect was stronger and more widely distributed in the group with better phonological awareness, whereas differences between groups for the anterior effect were small and not significant. This pattern of results suggests that the rhyme processes indexed by the anterior effect are developmental precursors to those indexed by the posterior effect. Overall, these findings demonstrate early establishment of distributed neurocognitive networks for rhyme processing.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of age of acquisition (AoA) and proficiency on processing of syntax in 6- to 8-year old monolingual and bilingual children : an ERP study
- 2014
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In: Society for the Neurobiology of Language. - Amsterdam : Society for the Neurobiology of Language. ; , s. 216-216, s. 84-84
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even though language proficiency in children is strongly related to success in almost all domains, neurocognitive studies of L2 processing are typically limited to adults with several years of exposure, who may use general cognitive mechanisms to compensate for any difficulties in L2 processing. For example, whereas previous studies of adult bilinguals have reported differences in the anterior negativity elicited by syntactic violations with delays in exposure to English of less than 3 years (Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996) a precursor to the anterior negativity has been reported in monolingual children as young as 2.5 years of age (Oberecker, et al., 2005). In the current ERP study, processing of English phrase structure was explored in 6- to 8-year old monolingual and bilingual children who acquired English as a second language around 4 years of age. Monolingual children of higher proficiency displayed relatively mature processing of phrase structure violations as indicated by a left anterior negativity over lateral sites and a posterior positivity. High-proficiency bilingual children tended to display a medial anterior negativity and a posterior positivity. The difference in distribution of the anterior effect across groups could only be explained by AoA. However, lower proficiency affected the posterior ERP effect and amplitude of the anterior effects in response to syntactic violations. These results suggest that the more automatic syntactic processing in children is affected by AoA while more controlled, metalinguistic processing may be related to language proficiency.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Energi- och metabolism
- 2006
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In: Näringslära för högskolan. - : Liber AB, Stockholm. - 9147053550 ; , s. 166-193
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Ann-Helén, 1979-
(author)
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"Jag är baserad på verkliga personer" : Ironi och röstgivande i Kristina Lugns författarskap
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ”I am based on real people,” Kristina Lugn writes in the foreword to her play Nattorienterarna (1999). This quotation summarises the ever-changing concept of the ego which finds expression in Lugn’s writing and which is the focus of this study. Special emphasis is placed on the way in which Lugn tackles the concept of the ego in both her work and her appearances in the media, and also how in recent years she has taken to greater depths this playing with the ego’s changing forms and has, in an ironic way, created different egos which are constant in neither time nor space. The thesis is in part a text analysis of Lugn’s lyrics and drama and in part an examination of Lugn’s appearances in the media – and, in the case of the latter, it touches on intermedial aspects. The analysis discusses how Lugn expresses in different ways in her appearances in the media pathos for groups seen as potentially isolated and vulnerable, of which children constitute a particularly charged category. One argument in this reasoning is that Lugn’s constant nods at and incorporating of the exposed and solitary child’s experience of society’s norms and power order structures is a basis and a reason for the explosive power in her ironic delivery of a critique of power, in her questioning and shaking up of the ordered roles of gender. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the irony and what can be characterised as “the giving of voice” in Kristina Lugn’s literary production, and also how these devices hang together. One chief question is whether it can be viewed that Lugn’s irony is used both as a means of style and as a (literary) political strategy. The concept of the giving of voice is used to illustrate the way in which Lugn as author and role player allows her personae and characters to speak, often in situations of her devising where they are, and feel they are, powerless in different senses, even though she has inevitably, in her capacity as author, the power to edit and dictate. A secondary aim is to present a more nuanced and in-depth picture of Lugn’s writing than that done so far in the reception given Lugn in the media. The study focuses attention on Lugn’s ironic stage-setting of ego positions and the constant playing with fiction and reality which characterises her writing. This is in contrast to the early reception of Lugn as a depressive confessional lyricist, where the fictitious personae were very much likened to the biographical figure of Lugn. Part of this revisionist picture includes a discussion about how central the position of the child is in both Lugn’s work and her appearances in the media. Irony and the giving of voice in her writing is discussed and illustrated with examples from a selection of Lugn’s literary works. Focus is placed on the poetry collections Om ni hör ett skott… (1979), Percy Wennerfors (1982) and Hundstunden. Kvinnlig bekännelselyrik (1989), and also on the theatre scripts Tant Blomma (1993), Idlaflickorna (1993), Nattorienterarna (1999) and Stulna juveler (2000). The selection of the material in the media consists of TV and radio programmes in public service broadcasting and also daily newspapers, evening papers and weekly magazines. An examination of this material is made on the basis of three points in time: that of Lugn’s literary breakthrough as a lyricist; i.e. 1983 and the period around then, the 1990s in connection with Lugn’s transition from primarily that of lyricist to that of dramatist, and the period around the turn of the millennium in connection with the première performance of the play Stulna juveler.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Monolingual and bilingual 6-8 year old children display N400 responses differentially mediated by proficiency and age of acquisition
- 2009
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In: NLC 2009 Scientific Program. ; , s. 45-46
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have consistently found an N400 effect elicited by violations of semantic expectancy in monolingual adults (Kutas & Hilllyard, 1980), bilingual adults (Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996) and monolingual children (Holcomb, Coffey, & Neville, 1992). In adults, when the second language is acquired before the age of 11 years, no differences are found in the amplitude, latency, or distribution of the N400 effect when compared to monolinguals. However, if the age of acquisition (AOA) is later than 11 years, an increase in peak latency is often reported (e.g. Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996). Studies of semantic processing in monolingual children have found a more widely distributed N400 effect compared to monolingual adults’. In addition, both the amplitude and onset latency are found to decrease with age (Holcomb, Coffey, & Neville, 1992).In order to begin investigating the factors important in establishing normal semantic processing in bilinguals, we compared the N400 responses to semantic anomalies in 6-8 year old monolingual English speakers and in native Spanish speaking children who began acquiring English at about 4 years of age. To examine the effects of proficiency, each group was divided into higher and lower proficiency groups. In addition bilinguals and monolinguals individually matched on age and proficiency were compared. ERPs were recorded while children listened to naturally spoken English sentences that were either canonical or that were semantic anomalies (p = .5) and watched an accompanying claymation movie. Analyses of the N400 mean amplitude indicated a typical N400 response for both groups, though that of monolingual children was larger, more widespread, and had an earlier onset (180msec) in comparison with that of bilingual children (320msec). Though these children were matched on age they differed in proficiency (Receptive Language) and Socioeconomic status (SES; as measured by maternal education). When dividing children by proficiency within each group similar relationships with amplitude, distribution, and onset were found. (Higher and lower proficiency bilingual groups did not differ on AOA). When comparing monolingual and bilingual children that were individually matched on age and proficiency, N400 onset latency was similar (320msec) but the distribution differed across groups. More specifically, monolingual children showed a larger and more widespread effect that was largest over medial central sites while bilingual children had an effect that was largest over posterior sites. These results suggest that speed of semantic processing in children between 6 and 8 years of age is affected by proficiency rather than AOA, while the distribution of the effect could be affected by differences in AOA and/or SES across groups. No differences in the N400 effect are found comparing monolingual adults and bilingual adults who began acquiring their second language before age 11 (Weber-Fox, & Neville, 1996). Therefore, we are continuing to study the development of semantic processes indexed by the N400 in bilingual children in order to determine at what proficiency level and/or years of experience of the second language does the difference between monolingual and bilingual late learners disappear.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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N400 responses mediated by proficiency rather than age of acquisition in second language learners between 6 and 8 years of age
- 2007
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In: The 1st Conference of the Swedish Association for Language and Cognition. - Lund : The Scandinavian Association for Language & Cognition.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research in bilingual adults indicates age of acquisition for a second language has little impact on brain organization for semantic processing. Native speakers, early-learners, and late-learners of a second language all show evidence of a similar N400 in response to semantic anomalies. However, these studies are typically conducted with adults who have both fully mature brains and many years of experience with their second language. Studies with bilingual children provide the opportunity to test the relative impact of maturational age and language proficiency on brain organization for semantic processing. In the current study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while Spanish-English bilingual and monolingual English-speaking children 6 to 8 years of age listened to naturally spoken English sentences containing semantic anomalies. Bilingual children had been exposed to Spanish since birth and English for the past 2 - 2.5 years. Monolinguals and high-proficiency bilingual children showed typical N400 responses to the semantic violations. However, bilingual children with low proficiency in English did not show this typical effect. Further, the differences in the N400 for bilingual children were not dependent on age of acquisition. These results suggest that brain organization for semantic processing is largely dependent on proficiency and support previous findings that any differences in semantic processing for first and second language learners are mediated by proficiency rather than age of acquisition.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Annica, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Roles of activating functions 1 and 2 of estrogen receptor α in lymphopoiesis.
- 2018
-
In: The Journal of endocrinology. - 1479-6805. ; 236:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Apart from the role of sex steroids in reproduction, sex steroids are also important regulators of the immune system. 17β-estradiol (E2) represses T and B cell development, but augments B cell function, possibly explaining the different nature of immune responses in men and women. Both E2 and selective estrogen receptors modulators (SERM) act via estrogen receptors (ER). Activating functions (AF)-1 and 2 of the ER bind to coregulators and thus influence target gene transcription and subsequent cellular response to ER activation. The importance of ERαAF-1 and AF-2 in the immunomodulatory effects of E2/SERM has previously not been reported. Thus, detailed studies of T and B lymphopoiesis were performed in ovariectomized E2-, lasofoxifene- or raloxifene-treated mice lacking either AF-1 or AF-2 domains of ERα, and their wild-type littermate controls. Immune cell phenotypes were analyzed with flow cytometry. All E2 and SERM-mediated inhibitory effects on thymus cellularity and thymic T cell development were clearly dependent on both ERαAFs. Interestingly, divergent roles of ERαAF-1 and ERαAF-2 in E2 and SERM-mediated modulation of bone marrow B lymphopoiesis were found. In contrast to E2, effects of lasofoxifene on early B cells did not require functional ERαAF-2, while ERαAF-1 was indispensable. Raloxifene reduced early B cells partly independent of both ERαAF-1 and ERαAF-2. Results from this study increase the understanding of the impact of ER modulation on the immune system, which can be useful in the clarification of the molecular actions of SERMs and in the development of new SERM.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-
(author)
-
Second language acquisition in 6- to 8-year-old native Spanish-speaking children : ERP studies of phonological awareness, semantics, and syntax
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most people in the world and about a fifth of all school-aged Americans speak at least two languages. Nevertheless, little is known about second language (L2) processing in development, even though language proficiency is strongly related to success in almost all domains. Whereas behavioral studies of L2 acquisition in children are abundant, neurocognitive studies of L2 processing typically are limited to adults with several years of exposure, who may use general cognitive mechanisms to compensate for any difficulties in L2 processing. Research on bilingual adults suggests that age of acquisition (AoA) and proficiency have different effects on different aspects of L2 processing. The present study therefore recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in order to index processes of phonological awareness (Rhyming effect: RE), semantics (N400), and syntax (LAN, P600) in bilingual and monolingual children 6-8 years of age. Even though behaviorally, bilingual children with an average AoA of 4 years had lower English proficiency than monolingual children, proficiency predicted similar differences in ERPs across groups: greater proficiency was linked with shorter latencies and higher amplitudes of all ERP components. Latency in these cases represents speed of processing while amplitude of ERP effects in children can be thought of as an indication of detection of the introduced violations. The appearance of the anterior rhyming effect, latency of the posterior rhyming effect, along with the distribution of the anterior ERP effect for phrase structure violations were related to AoA. More specifically, bilingual 6- to 8-year olds of higher English proficiency processed rhyming nonwords slower than 3- to 5-year-old monolingual children, which could have a strong impact on later vocabulary acquisition. Differences across lingualism groups in distribution of the anterior negativity elicited by phrase structure violations could indicate different neural generators for processing of syntax. Noteworthy is that differences in processing as illustrated by these ERP effects were recorded even though in both these cases bilingual children's English proficiency were within the normal range expected of monolingual children of similar age. Early acquisition was thus important for processing of rhyming and for more automatic syntactic processing as revealed by differences in the anterior negativity.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(author)
-
Second language acquisition in 6-to 8-years-olds : relationship between proficiency and N400 responses to semantic anomalies
- 2006
-
In: Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, CNS 2006. - San Fransisco : Cognitive Neuroscience Society.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research in bilingual adults indicates age of acquisition for a second language has little impact on brain organization for semantic processing. Native speakers, early-learners, and late-learners of a second language all show evidence of a similar N400 in response to semantic anomalies. However, these studies are typically conducted with adults who have both fully mature brains and many years of experience with their second language. Studies with bilingual children provide the opportunity to test the relative impact of maturational age and language proficiency on brain organization for semantic processing. In the current study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while Spanish-English bilingual and monolingual English-speaking children 6 to 8 years of age listened to naturally spoken English sentences containing semantic anomalies. Bilingual children had been exposed to Spanish since birth and English for the past 2 - 2.5 years. Monolinguals and high-proficiency bilingual children showed typical N400 responses to the semantic violations. However, bilingual children with low proficiency in English did not show this typical effect. Further, the differences in the N400 for bilingual children were not dependent on age of acquisition. These results suggest that brain organization for semantic processing is largely dependent on proficiency and support previous findings that any differences in semantic processing for first and second language learners are mediated by proficiency rather than age of acquisition.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(author)
-
Diverging intramuscular activity patterns in back and abdominal muscles during trunk rotation.
- 2002
-
In: Spine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1528-1159 .- 0362-2436. ; 27:6, s. E152-60
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed on trunk rotations during sitting and standing. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide new information on activation levels for deep trunk muscles in various unresisted and resisted trunk rotations. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Frequent daily trunk twisting and decreased maximal strength during trunk rotation have been associated with low back pain or sciatic pain. However, the involvement of deep trunk muscles during different trunk rotations is relatively unknown. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted, under ultrasound guidance, into psoas, quadratus lumborum, the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae (ES-s, multifidus) and its deep lateral portion (ES-d, iliocostalis), iliacus, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus. RESULTS: The highest involvement for all muscles was observed on the ipsilateral side, in maximal trunk twists with shoulder resistance, except obliquus externus, which showed a dominant contralateral side, and rectus abdominis, which was little activated in all rotations. In contrast, maximal trunk twist without shoulder resistance, i.e., freely performed, resulted generally in lower levels for all muscles involved and in a shift of side dominance for the lumbar muscles quadratus lumborum, psoas, and ES-s. CONCLUSIONS: During trunk rotations the activity patterns for various trunk muscles could drastically change, and even be the opposite, between the two body sides, within the same type of task, depending on several factors such as initial position, effort level, sitting or standing, and external shoulder resistance.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Ewa K., et al.
(author)
-
Relatives' experiences of sharing a written life story about a close family member with dementia who has moved to residential care : An interview study
- 2019
-
In: Nursing Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2054-1058. ; 6:2, s. 276-282
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to describe relatives' experiences of sharing a written life story about a close family member with dementia who has moved to residential care. Design An explorative descriptive qualitative design was used. Methods The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of eight relatives and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results Results show that creating and sharing the life story of a close family member could help relatives handle grief and stress. It was perceived as an important, yet difficult, task to ensure that the close family member got good quality care. The creation of a meaningful life story takes time and requires cooperation with family members and other significant people.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(author)
-
Bile salt-stimulated lipase and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 : key enzymes for lipid digestion in the newborn examined using the Caco-2 cell line
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Lipid Research. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 52:11, s. 1949-1956
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In rodents, bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) are the dominant lipases expressed in the exocrine pancreas in early life, when milk is the main food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if BSSL and PLRP2 are also key enzymes in neonatal intestinal fat digestion. Using Caco-2 cells as a model for the small intestinal epithelium, purified human enzymes were incubated in the apical chamber with substrates and bile salt concentrations resembling the milieu of the small intestine of newborn infants. BSSL and PLRP2 hydrolyzed triglycerides (TG) to free fatty acids (FA) and glycerol. The cells took up the FA, which were reesterfied to TG. Together, BSSL and PLRP2 have a synergistic effect, increasing cellular uptake 4-fold compared to the sum of each lipase alone. A synergistic effect was also observed with retinyl ester as a substrate. PLRP2 hydrolyzed cholesteryl ester but not as efficiently as BSSL, and the two had an additive rather than synergistic effect. We conclude the key enzymes in intestinal fat digestion are different in newborns than later in life. Further studies are needed to fully understand this difference and its implication for designing optimal neonatal nutrition.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1946-
(author)
-
Vitamin A and ß-carotene metabolism and effects of UV irradiation in human keratinocytes and melanocytes
- 2002
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are modulators of proliferation and differentiation. Both retinol (ROH) and its metabolite 3,4-didehydroretinol (ddROH) can be converted to retinoic acid (RA) and 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid (ddRA), ligands for the nuclear receptors, which induce gene transcriptions. A perturbed ROH metabolism is observed in several dermatoses and iu non-melanoma skin cancer. Dietary ß-carotene has been considered to play a critical role in the natural defence against cancer. Whether ß-carotene is converted to ROH in the skin has been debated.We have investigated ß-carotene and retinoid metabolism, retinoid binding proteins and retinoid receptors in human keratinocytes (KCs) and melanocytes (MCs) in vitro. Similar studies of vitamin A have been done in human malignant epithelial cells (HeLa) and malignant melanoma cells. The influence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on retinoid metabolism and receptor expression was specially focused upon this thesis. KCs and MCs contained high concentrations of ROH, ddROH, while HeLa- and melanoma cells contained lower levels. KCs contained the highest level of the retinoid-binding proteins CRBP I and CRABP II compared to MCs, HeLa and melanoma cells. High CRABP II levels showed a correlation with the ability to accumulate ddROH. In MCs, CRABP I was highly expressed, but in melanoma cells CRABP II dominated. The difference between MCs and melanoma cells in receptor levels was most pronounced for RARß, which was highly expressed in melanoma cells. Such dissimilarities between benign and malignant MCs might play a role in differentiation and growth regulation. The uptake of [3H]ROH, [3H]RA and ß-carotene was significantly higher in MCs than in KCs. We were able to demonstrate that [14C]ß-carotene was converted to [14C]ROH in both these cell types. This suggests that this local storage of ß-carotene might serve as au alternative supply for vitamin A in the skin.A moderate dose of UVR reduced the concentration of ROH, ddROH and [3H]RA in KCs and MCs by 20-50%. The concentration returned to starting levels in 1-2 days, and could be explained by a retarded metabolism of RA, the biologically most active metabolite. When KCs and MCs were exposed to UVR, the mRNA and protein levels of the three nuclear retinoid receptors (RARα, RARγ and RXRα) decreased rapidly. In MCs these levels were close to normal 3 days postirradiation. In KCs only the RARα mRNA and protein levels returned to baseline within 3 days. This thesis has increased our knowledge of the effects of UVR on retinoid metabolism and retinoid receptors in human cells. Further studies are needed to understand the role of ß-carotene and retinoid signaling in UV induced skin cancer.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
A multimodal approach to song
- 2016
-
In: Handbuch Sprache im multimodalen Kontext. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter. - 9783110295740 - 9783110296099 ; , s. 372-391
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1959-
(author)
-
Animal and Human Subjectivity in Cixous' Algerian narratives
- 2016
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines the place of the human and the animal in Hélène Cixous' work. It takes the figure of Fips, the dog of the Cixous family that she writes about in her autobiographical narratives, as a starting point. By thinking through this figure, I argue, Cixous analyses the dehumanizing logic of colonialism and anti-Semitism in Algeria and develops her own response to it, arguing for human relationality and animal corporeality. The paper shows that Cixous’ primal encounter with Fips produces a stigma that, belatedly, ruptures the barrier between herself and this specific dog; its dehiscence reveals a profound animal humanity generated by suffering, finitude, and compassion. The lesson Cixous learns from the memory of the Dog is how to become ‘more human’. This becoming is also an assault on the false humanism of the colonial project, on the closed gates as markers of colonial dehumanization and racialized social exclusion.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1959-
(author)
-
Assault on the Borders : Hélène Cixous on Animals and the Human
- 2016
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the continual displacement of nearly every established conception of the human, the figure of the human remains a powerful idea for political and ethical theorizing. In the era of human rights, the language of dehumanization has become a dominant frame for accounting for and criticizing a wide range of abuses and social harms. Likewise, the human has come to mark a status that promises protection from the dehumanizing effects of violence, discrimination and other modes of injustice. Cixous’ recent work on the concept have contributed to this discussion by providing an analysis of the borders between what we call human and inhuman and by pointing to the precarious conditions of hospitality towards other beings (human and nonhuman). This paper examines the place of the human and animals in Cixous’ work. It takes the figure of Fips, the dog of the Cixous family in Algiers, as a starting point. By thinking through this figure, Cixous analyses the dehumanizing logic of colonialism and anti-Semitism in Algeria and develops her own response to it, arguing for human relationality and animal corporeality. The paper shows that Cixous’ relationship with Fips produces a stigma that, belatedly, disrupt the barrier between herself and this specific dog. The lesson Cixous learns from revivifying the memory of the Dog is how to become ‘more human’. This becoming is also an assault on the false humanism of the colonial project, on the closed Gates as markers of colonial dehumanization and racialized social exclusion. The lesson of hospitality Cixous learns by another primal event: the resurrection of Fips in the form of another animal – the unexpected arrival of a cat (Thea) that puts conditional hospitality into question simply by demanding (and giving) an unconditional hospitality.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1968-
(author)
-
Att imponera med en hälleflundra
- 2005
-
In: Retorikmagasinet: magasin för retorik och praktisk kommunikation. - : Retorikförlaget. - 1403-9052. ; :26, s. 8-11
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1959-
(author)
-
Att vara eller inte vara en person
- 2019. - 1
-
In: Människan och etiken. - Stockholm : Hjalmarson & Högberg. - 9789198534603 ; , s. 25-41
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Helén C., 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Regulation of the Indonesian throughflow by baroclinic draining of the North Australian Basin
- 2005
-
In: Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637. ; 52:12, s. 2214-2233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Indonesian throughflow (ITF) is studied using historic hydrographical data with purpose of obtaining a description of the characteristics of the large-scale flow and an understanding of both the forcing and control of the flow. The investigation makes use of the steric sea level and the contents of freshwater and heat in the water Column integrated down to the depth of the deepest connection (effective sill depth) between the Pacific and Indian Oceans within the Indonesian seas. It is shown that it is mainly low-saline water of North Pacific origin that fills the upper part of both the Indonesian seas and a downstream buoyant (surface) pool (DBP) that stretches horizontally over a large part of the North Australian Basin. The long-term mean steric sea level in the Indonesian seas is approximately horizontal and equal to the sea level in the neighboring part of the Pacific Ocean. This indicates small frictional losses against the mean throughflow, which is verified using a coupled multiple basin model of the Indonesian seas. The chan e of the steric sea level, from the Pacific Ocean level to the Indian Ocean level, Occurs essentially at the border between the DBP and the adjacent Indian Ocean. It is found that Darwin is situated inside the DBP, indicating that the sea level recorded in this place is a poor representative of mean and low frequency parts of the sea level variability of the Indian Ocean. It is argued that the control of ITF is set by the baroclinic transport capacity of the DBP relative to the adjacent (Indian Ocean) water. The mean ITF, estimated as the Outflow from the DBP to the South Equatorial Current, is about 10 Sv. The integrated ITF imprint is fresh and cold and the net heat transport is estimated to be 0.3 PW. The buffering capacity of the DBP is about 5 years, so variations in the circulation should be modest on shorter time-scales. It is suggested that the atmospheric transfer of freshwater to the North Pacific and vertical mixing in the North Pacific provide the driving of the mean ITF and that ITF is a major branch of the estuarine-type vertical circulation of the North Pacific. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Helén C., 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Thermohaline circulation in a two-layer model with sloping boundaries and a mid-ocean ridge
- 2004
-
In: DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637. ; 51:1, s. 93-106
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model ocean basin has continental slopes at the west and north and a mid-ocean ridge running north-south. The first problem treated here is Stommel's (Deep-Sea Res. 5 (1958) 80) abyssal flow of a homogeneous fluid in the presence of topography with a source of fluid at the northwest corner. The flow is driven by uniform upwelling everywhere except over the non-flat topography where the fluid is not driven and inviscid. The solution over the topography is determined by conservation of potential vorticity with the flow being driven by matching to the known solution over the flat bottom. A second problem is the two-layer case for which we use an analysis by Salmon (J. Mar. Res. 50 (1992) 341) in which he obtained expressions for the potential vorticity distribution for inviscid, non-forced flow over topography. We produce analytical solutions for the two-layer case. Conservation of potential vorticity over the slopes leads to flows that make large north-south excursions as the fluid crosses the topographic regions over the western slope and the mid-ocean ridge. We justify our procedure by showing a similarity between a wind-driven double gyre solution of Salmon's that shows a cyclonic circulation on the onshore (Gulf Stream) side of the anticyclonic wind gyre and an observed cyclonic gyre in the Slope Sea inshore of the Gulf Stream. For the two-layer case we obtain flow over the midocean ridge in the lower layer that compares favorably with the excursion of particles over the mid-Atlantic Ridge as reported by Defant (Deutsche Atlantische Expedition 'Meteor' 1925-1927, 6, 1941, pp. 191-260; Physical Oceanography, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, New York, Oxford, London, Paris, 1961). Our inviscid solutions contain sharp discontinuities which will have to be smoothed by friction when viscosity is added, but it is possible that friction will take the flow far from the one that we have derived. A numerical solution of the problem is planned to test this possibility.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1965
(author)
-
Chemical Rock Grouting. An Experimental Study on Polyurethane Foams
- 1998
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Grouting is used to change the physical characteristics of concrete, soil and rock. The changes are usually related to permeability and/or strength. Although the most widely used grout for sealing of rock masses is cement suspension, there are certain conditions where polyurethane grout is used as a complement. The most favourable property in this respect is that such grouts react with water and expand due to exertion of carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Other important features of these grouts are the time dependency, the flow behaviour of unreacted as well as reacting polyurethane, and the physical influence of the carbon dioxide. The scope of this research was to study the typical behaviour of polyurethane grouts in order to explain why the grouting result has been unsatisfactory at times, while mostly successful where other grouts have failed. A comprehensive laboratory test programme was performed, including simple expansion tests, where the general characteristics of polyurethane grouts were studied, as well as a series of pipe flow tests. The latter tests comprised grouting of polyurethane against static groundwater pressure and into flowing water. The performance of polyurethane grouting in a field situation was also investigated with a test at the Röda Sten Rock Laboratory in Göteborg. The study resulted in conclusions and recommendations for the application of polyurethane for rock grouting. The main conclusion regarding the practical use of such grouts is that a volume criterion, in combination with an awareness of the time dependency of the gelling of the material, is useful for achieving an optimal sealing result. When grouting into flowing groundwater, a sufficiently high grouting pressure should be used in order to cut off the water flow and facilitate grout penetration upstream. The CO2 gas generated in the reaction between polyurethane and water, contributes to the grout penetration in two ways: (i) by causing a volume expansion, and (ii) by increasing the pressure behind the front of the reacting polyurethane grout.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Helen
(author)
-
Det etiska projektet och det estetiska. Tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv på Lars Ahlins författarskap.
- 1998
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As my title indicates, this dissertation is oriented towards two academic subjects: Ethics and Literature. Of late, the borderland between these two disciplines has attracted international scholarly attention. Within ethics, literary works are becoming a primary material; conversely, the study of literature has taken on ethical issues. As a result, the potentially referential character of fiction has increasingly been foregrounded. Ethics, has thus has been endowed with a new and important field of observation. Accordingly, my study has a dual purpose: an ethical one, to examine to what extent fictive texts can serve as a basis for ethical reflexion; and a literary one, to offer an appreciation of the work of the Swedish novelist Lars Ahlin (1915-1997) through an ethical approach. My emphasis will be on Ahlin's late novel, "Din livsfrukt" (1987), considered as the conclusion and summation of his achievement. Ahlin's narratives provide exceptional examples of how a literary project can be ethically determined. This is particularly obvious in "Din livsfrukt" in which a first-person narrator, while writing his self and his story, enters into dialogue with other texts, philosophical and fictive, which are woven into an intertextual network emphasising fundamental existential and ethical issues. My study is divided into three parts, the first of which provides a general introduction to the ways in which ethics and literary scholarship interact. Arguments for making literary fiction the material of, and basis for, ethical inquiries by virtue of its relevance to reality are marshalled. In the second part I argue in favour of an ethical approach as a complement to received literary perspectives on Ahlin's achievement while at the same time debating essential issues involving the interaction of ethics and literature and their relevance to this particular writer. Arguably, Ahlin's work can be seen as an aesthetic project with an ethical aim. The literary representation of this project grows out of an aesthetics in the service of ethics. The main part of the dissertation, which has the form of a monograph, consists of a close analysis of "Din livsfrukt", an analysis whose starting-point is the ethical dimensions of the subject problem and which connects Ahlin's aesthetics with the ethical function of aesthetics. This function is intimately linked with what might be called a relational concept of the subject. The basic contradiction governing the novel is between the position of intersubjectivity and that of intrasubjectivity. The text breaks with the rules of fiction since fiction is not a goal in itself but a method subservient to ethics. This position makes for transgressions of traditional genre categories and allows of considerable freedom in relation to the traditions and rules of fiction. Thus, the book assumes the character of a hybrid. It deprecates the kind of aesthetic language that is not subservient to an extra-aesthetic existence; yet, at the same time maximum use is made of artistic language to express ethical problems. It is an artistic action which through its very lack of artistic accomplishment relativizes itself qua art, thus exhibiting its dual nature as both ethical an aesthetic action. Analogously, this dissertation, with its focus on the ethical implications of fiction, operates in the borderline between literary scholarship an ethics.
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of PCB126 and 17 beta-oestradiol on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors in human endothelial cells
- 2011
-
In: Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 285:1-2, s. 46-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest an association between elevated serum levels of co-planar PCBs and hypertension, and one study indicate that this effect is dependent on the level of oestrogen. This study investigated the effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) and 17 beta-oestradiol (E-2) on vasoactive factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results reveal that PCB126 stimulated the vasoconstriction factors COX-2 and PGF(2 alpha), in HUVEC. An up-regulation of COX-2 expression was demonstrated using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence and increased production of PGF(2 alpha), was demonstrated using LC/MS2 and enzyme immunoassay. Also. PCB126 slightly increased ROS production and decreased NO production in HUVEC. The addition of E2 enhanced PCB126-induced transcription of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and COX-2 in HUVEC whereas an increased transcription of eNOS only occurred following combined treatment with E-2 and PCB126. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that HUVEC expressed AHR and ER beta but lacked ER alpha and the involvement of AHR and ER beta on the effects of PCB126 was examined by the addition of AHR and ER antagonists. The binding of PCB126 to AHR was critical for the effects of PCB126 whereas the role of ER beta was equivocal. In conclusion, these studies suggest that PCB126 induced changes in human endothelial cells that are characteristic for endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension and that PCB126-induced transcription of genes important for vascular function in human endothelial cells can be elevated by increased oestrogen levels. These findings may help understanding the mechanism for the association between PCB126 exposure and hypertension reported in human subjects and experimental animals.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Helén, 1982-
(author)
-
Experimental Studies of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Vascular Cells and Tissues
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Epidemiological evidence suggest that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) is a risk factor for diseases that involves the cardiovascular system but we know little about the mechanisms whereby these compounds can cause injury in the vasculature. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the effects and mechanisms of some EDCs in vascular cells and highly vascularized tissues. Elevated exposure to environmental EDCs is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. In vitro studies demonstrated that the environmental EDCs, 1-nitropyrene, PCB126 and bisphenol A, caused distinct changes in primary human endothelial cells. 1‑Nitropyrene induced cell stress and DNA damage, PCB126 caused changes that indicate endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction, and BPA induced changes that indicate angiogenesis and vasoconstriction. Further studies demonstrated that long-term exposure of rats to BPA induced changes in rat cardiac tissues in vivo similar to those observed in human endothelial cells in vitro. The type of cellular alterations that were demonstrated is known to play to play a role in cardiovascular disease in humans. These findings suggest that environmental EDCs can cause damage to the human endothelium that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects of the pharmaceutical EDC tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment are compromised by an increased risk for bleedings, hyperplasia, and cancer in the endometrium. Ex vivo studies identified the glandular and surface epithelia as potential target sites for tamoxifen adduct formation and tamoxifen-induced cell stress the human endometrium. No signs of tamoxifen-induced changes were detected in the blood vessels. The results suggest that bioactivation of tamoxifen and subsequent cell injury in endometrial epithelial cells may play a role for tamoxifen’s side effects in the endometrium. Taken together, this thesis provide evidence that may help understanding how exposure to EDCs can increase the risk for diseases in that involves the cardiovascular system.
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