| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Welfare State Context, Female Labor-market Attachment and Childbearing in Germany and Denmark
- 2014
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In: Journal of Population Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1443-2447 .- 1835-9469. ; 31:4, s. 287-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the role of female labor-market attachment and earnings in childbearing progressions in two very different European contexts. By applying event history techniques to German and Danish register data during 1981-2001, we demonstrate how female earnings relate to first, second and third birth propensities. Our study shows that female earnings are positively associated with first birth fertility in Denmark, while this is not the case in West Germany. We interpret our findings based on the fact that Danish social context and policy encourage women to establish themselves in the labor market before becoming a mother, while the German institutional context during the 1980s and 1990s was not geared towards encouraging maternal employment. For higher order births, the results are less clear-cut. For Denmark we find a slightly positive correlation between female earnings and second birth fertility, while the association is somewhat negative for third order births. In Germany, women tend to exit the labor market when becoming a mother. Non-employed mothers have elevated second and, in particular, third birth rates. For the group of mothers that are employed, we only find a weak association between their earnings and higher order fertility.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(author)
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Anmälningsbenägenhet vid utsatthet för hatbrott
- 2015
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In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete (FORSA). - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 22:3-4, s. 283-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The tendency to report hate crime victimization There are indicators suggesting that the tendency to report hate crime victimization to the police is lower in comparison to crimes without such a motive. There are also reasons to believe that victims of hate crime base their cost-benefit analysis of whether to report on a unique set of factors that differ from other crime types. The present study compares report rates for hate crimes and crimes without a bias-motive among Swedish university students. Reasons from refraining from reporting are also examined though a thematic analysis. The results show that victims of hate crime report their victimization to a significantly lower extent than other victims. Those who refrain from reporting trivialize and normalize their experiences, find alternative solutions to handle their victimization, and/or have a low trust in the police.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(author)
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Consequences of bias-motivated victimization among Swedish university students with an immigrant or minority background
- 2016
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In: The Irish Journal of Sociology. - : Manchester University Press. - 0791-6035 .- 2050-5280. ; 24:2, s. 226-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present article examines the impact of racist and xenophobic victimisation among students with a minority and/or immigrant background in a Swedish context. We examine if racist and/or xenophobic victimisation result in 1) behavioral strategies applied to reduce victimisation risk, 2) a heightened level of fear and 3) if the motive in itself has an independent effect on the level of fear among victims. The study design combines survey data with interviews. The findings suggest that experiences of racist and/or xenophobic victimisation lead to higher levels of fear and that the motive in itself influences this relationship independently. We also found that certain behavioural strategies are developed in order to avoid victimisation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Mika
(author)
-
Hate crime victimization : consequences and interpretations
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The field of hate crime studies is a young one and as such it is characterized by a high proportion of explorative and inductive studies. This methodological approach is well founded when a field is unfolding as they often generate theoretical conclusions or assumptions. Since I began working with the present dissertation in 2013, I have observed an increased tendency towards deductive studies testing the conclusions and assumptions made by field pioneers. The present dissertation is part of this branch and has two primary aims; 1) to test field assumptions and 2) develop present theoretical frameworks on causes and consequences of hate crime.In Article 1, me and my co-author examine the assumption that hate crime victimization result in higher levels of fear in comparison to non-bias crime. The assumption is tested by comparing fear of crime, behavioral adaptations and place-based worry among students with an immigrant and/or national minority background. The results show that hate crime victims reported significantly higher levels of fear of crime in comparison to non-victims and non-bias victims. However, there were few significant differences in behavioral adaptations and place-based worry. From interviews with hate crime victims we learned that place-based worry is not primarily associated with the physical characteristics of a certain area, but geographical concentrations of racist attitudes. Moreover, the behavioral adaptations that the interview participants used to avoid future victimization were often based upon de-identification. From these results we can conclude that traditional measures of place-based worry and behavioral adaptations does not adequately capture consequences of hate crime.In Article 2, me and my co-authors examine the assumption that police reporting is lower among victims of hate crime that target more than one of their identity categories. Contrarily to the assumption, we find that victims of hate crime with multiple motives report their experiences to the police to a higher extent in comparison to victims of hate crime with single motives. We also found that participants with several intersecting group identities endowed with stigma were more likely to be targets of hate crime with multiple motives, but not more likely to experience repeat victimization. These results support the branch of intersectional theory holding that group belongings primarily influence the expressions of violence rather than the risk of being subjected to violence.In Article 3, me and my co-authors examine the assumption that hate targets the identity of the victim and thereby attack the core of the victim’s self. We found that hate crime targets a negative stereotype associated with the perceived identity of the victim. Consequently, interview participants did not regard hate crime as a direct attack on their selves as they did not identify with the negative stereotype. However, hate crime remain a violation of the self as it denies the victims self-representation. The results also showed that the meaning-making regarding hate crime victimization is reflexive as the participants used earlier experiences when assigning meaning to incidents. This process was also recursive as new incidents lead to re-interpretations of previous experiences. In sum, the participants developed and negotiated their experiences of hate crime over time.In Article 4, me and my co-authors examine the assumption that vicarious victims respond in similar ways as direct victims since hate crime signal the presence of threat beyond the initial victim, sometimes referred to as the in terrorem effect. We examine the in terrorem effect by comparing fear of crime between non-victims, vicarious victims of hate crime, and direct victims of hate crime in three communities; women, Muslims and sexual minorities. The results showed that direct victims were generally more afraid of crime in comparison to non-victims in all communities. Though not all differences were significant, the reaction pattern among non-victims, vicarious victims and direct victims in the studies commu-nities showed the pattern of a stair, with the lowest rates among non-victims and the highest rates among direct victims. These results thereby contradict the proposed pattern of the in terrorem effect in which vicarious victims and direct victims are held to react in similar ways.In sum, the results of the present dissertation call for a more complex understanding of both individual and community effects of hate crime. The theoretical development and integration in Chapter 3 along with the results of Articles 1-4 results in hypotheses for future research on causes and consequences of hate crime in Chapter 6.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(author)
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How victims conceptualize their experiences of hate crime
- 2018
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the study is to provide thevictims’perspective to the contemporary conceptualization of hate crime.Much attention has been given to the interpretational frameworks of offenders, and although victims’ definitions of hate crime are sometimes mentioned in passing in interview studies, this has never been a primary subject of study.The present study applies phenomenological analysisto 28semi-structured interviews with victims of hate crime. The results show that the participants primarily apply meaning to their experiences in social groups and use previous experiences to guide their interpretations. While the conceptualization of victims largely concurs withtheory presented by the research community and special interest organizations, they diverge from how hate crime is contextualized in hate crime legislation.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(author)
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Studenters utsatthet och upplevelser av hatbrott
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den här rapporten presenteras den första större kartläggningen av utsatthet och upplevelser av hatbrott bland studenter i Sverige. Undersökningen har genomförts inom projektet Utsatthet och upplevelser av hatbrott. Under 2013/14 genomfördes en enkätundersökning bland studenter vid Malmö högskola. Ungefär var femte av de nästan 3000 studenter som besvarade enkäten har någon gång utsatts för brott med koppling till sin bakgrund, religion, sexualitet, funktionsnedsättning, kön eller könsidentitet. Själva händelsen är ofta i fokus för diskussioner om hatbrott. Detta gäller diskussionen i media såväl som i offentlig statistik. Men själva händelsen utgör inte ensam fenomenet hatbrott. I rapporten läggs även fokus på det som händer efter händelsen; hur individen påverkas, bearbetar upplevelsen och hanterar den genom att anmäla, eller söka hjälp och stöd.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Mika
(author)
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Theoretical challenges in contemporary hate crime studies
- 2016
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In: NSfK’s 58. Research Seminar 1. - 4. May 2016 in Bifröst, Iceland New challenges in criminology;can old theories be used to explain or understand new crimes? Report. - : Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology. ; , s. 474-487
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The causes of criminal behaviour advocated by criminological theory have always been dependent on the definition of crime. The causal mechanisms assigned to criminal behaviour among these various perspectives differs due to their ontological positions; the causal order suggested by those who have defined crime as norm-breaking behaviour will naturally be of a different kind in comparison to those who suggest that crime is norm-conforming. Consequently, the potential explanatory capacity of traditional criminological theory with regard to the phenomenon of hate crime will depend upon the ontological position taken, consciously or unconsciously, in order to understand hate crime. Three different ontological positions within hate crime studies will be presented and used as a ground for discussing the applicability of classical criminological on hate crime.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(author)
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When there is more than one motive : A study on self-reported hate crime victimization among Swedish university students
- 2017
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In: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 24:1, s. 67-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines experiences of hate crimes with multiple motives with a focus on policy and theory-related issues. The authors found that every fifth hate crime victim reports having experiences of multiple motives. These victims are more likely to report their victimization to the police in comparison to victims of hate crimes with single motives. The results also show that belonging to several socially vulnerable groups does not correlate with higher levels of repeat victimization. This is in contrast with intersectional theory as it would predict heightened levels of victimization among such individuals. Lastly, the results show that individuals who belong to more than one socially vulnerable group are more likely to experience hate crimes with multiple motives. Implications for policy and intersectional theory are discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson Sundell, Karolina, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Socio-economic determinants of early discontinuation of anti-depressant treatment in young adults.
- 2013
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In: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 23:3, s. 433-440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Early discontinuation of anti-depressant treatment is common. This study analysed whether socio-economic factors influence early discontinuation among new anti-depressant users aged 20-34 years. METHODS: Our study population included all Swedes aged 20-34 years who purchased anti-depressants in 2006 and had not purchased such drugs in the preceding 6 months (n=25003). We obtained prescription data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Information about demographic and socio-economic factors (country of birth, marital status, household size, education level, occupation, income and social assistance) was collected from Statistics Sweden by record linkage. We defined early discontinuation as filling only one anti-depressant prescription within a 6-month period. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to analyse the socio-economic factors associated with early discontinuation. RESULTS: We identified 6536 individuals (26.1%) as early discontinuers. Early discontinuation was less common among women [odds ratio (OR)=0.82; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.75-0.87] and in those with at least two years of higher education (OR=0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.83), whereas it was more common among those born outside Sweden (OR=1.76; 95% CI 1.48-2.10) and those who received social assistance (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.11-1.44). Compared with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, SSRI, early discontinuation was more common among individuals who started treatment with a tri-cyclic anti-depressant, TCA, (OR=2.58; 95% CI 2.24-2.98) or an anti-depressant other than SSRIs, TCAs or selective serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors/norepinephrine (noradrenaline) re-uptake inhibitors (OR=2.90; 95% CI 2.05-4.10). CONCLUSION: Early discontinuation occurred more commonly among social assistance recipients and those with immigrant background, suggesting that those groups might require greater support when initiating anti-depressant therapy.
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| 13. |
- Asplund, M., et al.
(author)
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Therapist-Guided Internet-Delivered Acceptance-Enhanced Behavior Therapy for Skin-Picking Disorder : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2024
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In: Behavior Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite its high prevalence, individuals suffering from skin-picking disorder (SPD) face limited access to treatment due to several factors, including geographical and economic barriers, as well as a shortage of properly trained therapists. Offering Internet-delivered therapy could be a solution to these barriers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of therapist-guided Internet-delivered acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (iBT) for SPD compared to a wait-list control condition. Participants randomized to the intervention group received 10 weeks of iBT (n = 35), while those in the control group were placed on a wait-list (n = 35). The primary outcome was the Skin Picking Scale—Revised (SPS-R). Mixed-model regression analyses demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in SPD symptoms in the iBT group compared to the control group at posttreatment (between-group difference −5.1 points, F = 9.69, p <.001). The between-group effect size was in the large range, with a bootstrapped d of 1.3 (95% CI [0.92, 1.69]). At posttreatment, 43% of the participants in the iBT group were classified as responders, and 31% were in remission, compared to 0% responders and 3% in remission in the control group. At the 6-month follow-up, the SPD symptoms had increased compared to posttreatment. However, the improvement from pretreatment remained significant. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction and credibility of the treatment, and a perceived good level of working alliance. Compared to wait-list control, iBT is an efficacious treatment for SPD at posttreatment and follow-up, with the potential to substantially increase the availability and access to evidence-based treatment for this disorder. Replication studies, particularly those comparing iBT to an active control, are warranted.
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| 14. |
- Böhm, Felix, et al.
(author)
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FFR-Guided Complete or Culprit-Only PCI in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
- 2024
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 390:16, s. 1481-1492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease remains unclear. METHODS: In this multinational, registry-based, randomized trial, we assigned patients with STEMI or very-high-risk non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease who were undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion to receive either FFR-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions or no further revascularization. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. The two key secondary outcomes were a composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 1542 patients underwent randomization, with 764 assigned to receive FFR-guided complete revascularization and 778 assigned to receive culprit-lesion-only PCI. At a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.3 to 5.2), a primary-outcome event had occurred in 145 patients (19.0%) in the complete-revascularization group and in 159 patients (20.4%) in the culprit-lesion-only group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.17; P = 0.53). With respect to the secondary outcomes, no apparent between-group differences were observed in the composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.44) or unplanned revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.04). There were no apparent between-group differences in safety outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with STEMI or very-high-risk NSTEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, FFR-guided complete revascularization was not shown to result in a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization than culprit-lesion-only PCI at 4.8 years. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; FULL REVASC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02862119.).
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Kaiser, M., et al.
(author)
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VEDLIoT: Very Efficient Deep Learning in IoT
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the 2022 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, DATE 2022. - : IEEE. - 9783981926361
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The VEDLIoT project targets the development of energy-efficient Deep Learning for distributed AIoT applications. A holistic approach is used to optimize algorithms while also dealing with safety and security challenges. The approach is based on a modular and scalable cognitive IoT hardware platform. Using modular microserver technology enables the user to configure the hardware to satisfy a wide range of applications. VEDLIoT offers a complete design flow for Next-Generation IoT devices required for collaboratively solving complex Deep Learning applications across distributed systems. The methods are tested on various use-cases ranging from Smart Home to Automotive and Industrial IoT appliances. VEDLIoT is an H2020 EU project which started in November 2020. It is currently in an intermediate stage with the first results available.
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| 17. |
- Kreku, Jari, et al.
(author)
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SystemC Work load Model Generation from UML for Performance Simulation
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL) 2007.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An extension to workload-based performance simulation approach is presented, which enables modelling applications using a UML tool and transforming them to SystemC with a code generator. Therefore partial reuse of existing UML application models is feasible, removing the need for separate workload modelling in SystemC. The UML to SystemC transformation is applied to a mobile video player case study to gain experience on the strengths and weaknesses of the method.
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| 18. |
- Leppanen, Kirsi, et al.
(author)
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Structure of cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose from various wood species, cotton and flax studied by X-ray scattering
- 2009
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 16:6, s. 999-1015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structure of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) made by mild acid hydrolysis from cotton linter, flax fibres and sulphite or kraft cooked wood pulp was studied and compared with the structure of the starting materials. Crystallinities and the length and the width of the cellulose crystallites were determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering and the packing and the cross-sectional shape of the microfibrils were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. The morphological differences were studied by scanning electron microscopy. A model for the changes in microfibrillar structure between native materials, pulp and MCC samples was proposed. The results indicated that from softwood or hardwood pulp, flax cellulose and cotton linter MCC with very similar nanostructures were obtained with small changes in reaction conditions. The crystallinity of MCC samples was 54-65%. The width and the length of the cellulose crystallites increased when MCC was made. For example, between cotton and cotton MCC the width increased from 7.1 nm to 8.8 nm and the length increased from 17.7 nm to 30.4 nm. However, the longest crystallites were found in native spruce wood (35-36 nm).
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| 19. |
- Mellgren, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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For Whom Does Hate Crime Hurt More? A Comparison of Consequences of Victimization Across Motives and Crime Types
- 2021
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In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 36:3-4, s. NP1512-1536NP
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hate crimes have been found to have more severe consequences than other parallel crimes that were not motivated by the offenders’ hostility toward someone because of their real or perceived difference. Many countries today have hate crime laws that make it possible to increase the penalties for such crimes. The main critique against hate crime laws is that they punish thoughts. Instead, proponents of hate crime laws argue that sentence enhancement is justified because hate crimes cause greater harm. This study compares consequences of victimization across groups of victims to test for whom hate crimes hurt more. We analyzed data that were collected through questionnaires distributed to almost 3,000 students at Malmö University, Sweden, during 2013. The survey focused on students’ exposure to, and experiences of, hate crime. A series of separate logistic regression analyses were performed, which analyzed the likelihood for reporting consequences following a crime depending on crime type, perceived motive, repeat victimization, gender, and age. Analyzed as one victim group, victims of hate crime more often reported any of the consequences following a crime compared with victims of parallel non–hate-motivated crimes. And, overall victims of threat more often reported consequences compared with victims of sexual harassment and minor assault. However, all hate crime victim groups did not report more consequences than the non–hate crime victim group. The results provide grounds for questioning that hate crimes hurt the individual victim more. It seems that hate crimes do not hurt all more but hate crimes hurt some victims of some crimes more in some ways.
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| 20. |
- Mellgren, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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“It Happens All the Time” : Women’s Experiences and Normalization of Sexual Harassment in Public Space
- 2018
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In: Women & Criminal Justice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0897-4454 .- 1541-0323. ; 28:4, s. 262-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explored the prevalence of sexual harassment, consequences of harassment, and reasons for not reporting these experiences through a survey among Swedish female university students (N = 1941). One fourth reported one or more incidents of sexual harassment during the 12 months period prior to the survey. Victims were more often younger and with Swedish-born parents compared with nonvictims. Victimization most frequently occurred at clubs or restaurants and the most frequently reported consequences were anger and worry about being victimized again. Few reported the incidents to the police making this, in part, an invisible problem.
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| 21. |
- Virtanen, Tommi, et al.
(author)
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A physico-chemical characterisation of new raw materials for microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing
- 2012
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 19:1, s. 219-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A detailed physico-chemical characterisation of potential new cellulose sources (rice husk, hemp stalk, and coniferous needles), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) manufactured from them, was made in this work. The length and the width of the cellulose crystallites were determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), crystallinities were studied by means of WAXS and solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the packing and the cross-sectional shape of the microfibrils were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. When MCC was prepared from rice husks and hemp stalks an acceptable yield was obtained. Crystallinities obtained with solid state NMR spectroscopy and WAXS were highest for MCC prepared from hemp stalks, and lowest for rice husk MCC. The crystallite sizes of MCC samples studied in this work varied more than in those MCC samples which were prepared from conventional plant sources, and crystallite size and cellulose crystallinity were related. When taking into account rather high values of specific surface, hemp stalks and rice husks appear as a promising raw materials for MCC production.
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| 22. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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In: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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