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1.
  • Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (author)
  • Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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2.
  • Hanzén, Sarah, et al. (author)
  • Lifespan Control by Redox-Dependent Recruitment of Chaperones to Misfolded Proteins
  • 2016
  • In: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 166:1, s. 140-151
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Caloric restriction (CR) extends the lifespan of flies, worms, and yeast by counteracting age-related oxidation of H2O2-scavenging peroxiredoxins (Prxs). Here, we show that increased dosage of the major cytosolic Prx in yeast, Tsa1, extends lifespan in an Hsp70 chaperone-dependent and CR-independent manner without increasing H2O2 scavenging or genome stability. We found that Tsa1 and Hsp70 physically interact and that hyperoxidation of Tsa1 by H2O2 is required for the recruitment of the Hsp70 chaperones and the Hsp104 disaggregase to misfolded and aggregated proteins during aging, but not heat stress. Tsa1 counteracted the accumulation of ubiquitinated aggregates during aging and the reduction of hyperoxidized Tsa1 by sulfiredoxin facilitated clearance of H2O2-generated aggregates. The data reveal a conceptually new role for H2O2 signaling in proteostasis and lifespan control and shed new light on the selective benefits endowed to eukaryotic peroxiredoxins by their reversible hyperoxidation.
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3.
  • Josefson, Rebecca, et al. (author)
  • How and why do toxic conformers of aberrant proteins accumulate during ageing?
  • 2017
  • In: Essays in Biochemistry. - 0071-1365. ; 61:3, s. 317-324
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ageing can be defined as a gradual decline in cellular and physical functions accompanied by an increased sensitivity to the environment and risk of death. The increased risk of mortality is causally connected to a gradual, intracellular accumulation of so-called ageing factors, of which damaged and aggregated proteins are believed to be one. Such aggregated proteins also contribute to several age-related neurodegenerative disorders e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, highlighting the importance of protein quality control (PQC) in ageing and its associated diseases. PQC consists of two interrelated systems: the temporal control system aimed at refolding, repairing, and/or removing aberrant proteins and their aggregates and the spatial control system aimed at harnessing the potential toxicity of aberrant proteins by sequestering them at specific cellular locations. The accumulation of toxic conformers of aberrant proteins during ageing is often declared to be a consequence of an incapacitated temporal PQC system-i.e. a gradual decline in the activity of chaperones and proteases. Here, we review the current knowledge on PQC in relation to ageing and highlight that the breakdown of both temporal and spatial PQC may contribute to ageing and thus comprise potential targets for therapeutic interventions of the ageing process. © 2017 The Author(s).
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4.
  • Wang, Zhaoming, et al. (author)
  • Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
  • 2014
  • In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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5.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (author)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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6.
  • Allen-Perkins, Alfonso, et al. (author)
  • CropPol : a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination
  • 2022
  • In: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 103:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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7.
  • Andersson, August, et al. (author)
  • (14)C-Based source assessment of soot aerosols in Stockholm and the Swedish EMEP-Aspvreten regional background site
  • 2011
  • In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 45:1, s. 215-222
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Combustion-derived soot or black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere has a strong influence on both climate and human health. In order to propose effective mitigation strategies for BC emissions it is of importance to investigate geographical distributions and seasonal variations of BC emission sources. Here, a radiocarbon methodology is used to distinguish between fossil fuel and biomass burning sources of soot carbon (SC). SC is isolated for subsequent off-line (14)C quantification with the chemothermal oxidation method at 375 degrees C (CTO-375 method), which reflects a recalcitrant portion of the BC continuum known to minimize inadvertent inclusion of any non-pyrogenic organic matter. Monitored wind directions largely excluded impact from the Stockholm metropolitan region at the EMEP-Aspvreten rural station 70 km to the south-west. Nevertheless, the Stockholm city and the rural stations yielded similar relative source contributions with fraction biomass (f(biomass)) for fall and winter periods in the range of one-third to half. Large temporal variations in (14)C-based source apportionment was noted for both the 6 week fall and the 4 month winter observations. The f(biomass) appeared to be related to the SC concentration suggesting that periods of elevated BC levels may be caused by increased wood fuel combustion. These results for the largest metropolitan area in Scandinavia combine with other recent (14)C-based studies of combustion-derived aerosol fractions to suggest that biofuel combustion is contributing a large portion of the BC load to the northern European atmosphere.
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8.
  • Andersson, Felicia, et al. (author)
  • Resedagbok England/Wales - Arkitektur & teknik 2018
  • 2018
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Denna resedagbok är en del av Arkitektur och teknik- studenternas förberedelse för årskurs 3 och särskilt en träning i att söka, upptäcka och iakkta arkitekturens komplexa sammanhang och de värden som kan skapas genom arkitektur. Under studieresan byggs ett grundmaterial till dagboken upp genom förberedda presentationer, gemensamma analyser, undersökande skisser och konstnärliga övningar. Studieresan följs upp och bearbetas vid seminarier och genom korsläsning av texter där studenterna uppmanas till ett personligt reflekterande hållningssätt. På så sätt blir dagboken ett levande dokument som visar vår glädje och nyfikenhet över de många broar och byggnader vi upplevt tillsammans, och ett dokument som vill locka oss och alla läsare till vidare upptäcktsfärder.
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9.
  • Andersson Granberg, Tobias, et al. (author)
  • Tåla : Trygghetsskapande åtgärder för landsbygden
  • 2010
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • I april 2010 gav regeringen i uppdrag till Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) att i ett projekt öka säkerheten på landsbygden genom nya former för räddning och respons. Inom ramen för ovanstående uppdrag, vilket benämns ”Samhällsviktig samverkan i landsbygd” har CARER – Centrum för respons- och räddningssystem – vid Linköpings universitet fått i uppdrag av MSB att inventera vilka behov och resurser för säkerhet och trygghet som existerar på lands- och glesbygd, samt undersöka vilka andra projekt och initiativ som föregått detta, nationellt och internationellt. CARERs projekt, som görs inom ramen för regeringsuppdraget, benämns Trygghetshöjande åtgärder för landsbygden (TÅLA).TÅLA har genomförts som fyra sammanhängande delstudier där de två första delstudierna använder kvalitativ metodik, främst intervjuer, och syftar till att skapa en förståelse för den upplevda tryggheten på lands- och glesbygden, samt utröna vad den består i och hur den kan stärkas. Delstudie 3 syftar till att kvantitativt uttrycka behov och resurser för säkerhet och trygghet på landsoch glesbygd genom ett urval av indikatorer. Delstudie 4 syftar till att ge en överblick över tidigare forskning och utveckling på området.Några generella slutsatser som kan dras från TÅLA-projektets olika delstudier är att det finns en god medvetenhet hos boende i land- och glesbygd för att det kan ta tid innan hjälp kan fås ifrån de traditionella räddningssystemen (som till exempel polis eller räddningstjänst), ett faktum som också kan bekräftas numerärt. Vissa indikatorer tyder dessutom på att boende på lands- och glesbygden är mer drabbade av olyckor än boende i tätort, vilket ger ett ökat behov av de aktuella resurserna. Detta har lett till att nya typer av lösningar har utvecklats, oftast av de boende, för att bistå vid olyckor, många baserade på självhjälp och frivillighet.Tydligt är också att trygghet omfattar mer än bara blåljusverksamheter och stöd från det allmänna. Här inkluderas också behov som el, vatten och möjligheten att handla mat. En stor del av den upplevda tryggheten hos befolkningen kommer från det sociala nätverk som finns i respektive by. Möjligheter till kommunikation är centralt och det är när individen är ensam utan möjlighet till kontakt med omvärlden som den största otryggheten infinner sig.Det framkom under projektet flera exempel på samverkan och de som medverkar framhåller vikten av att känna varandra innan insatsen, för att bästa möjliga resultat ska uppnås. Såväl de båda kvalitativa studierna som kunskapsöversikten pekar på att en trolig väg till framgång för en ökad säkerhet och trygghet på landsbygden bygger på att de lokala resurserna och strukturerna nyttjas i samverkan med de traditionella räddningsresurserna. Detta innebär att det bör vara möjligt att stärka dels de boendes möjligheter att hjälpa sig själva och att hjälpa varandra, men också att nyttja organisationer som idag inte tillhör blåljusmyndigheterna för att i samverkan med räddningstjänsten, sjukvården och polisen kunna bistå vid olyckor, akuta sjukdomsförlopp och andra relevanta händelser. Viktigt att beakta i detta sammanhang är då att använda de befintliga strukturer som existerar bland såväl boende som olika organisationer, för att på bästa sätt kunna dra nytta av den lokala kunskap, de resurser och det engagemang som existerar.
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10.
  • Andersson, Jan, et al. (author)
  • Aktiebolagsrätt
  • 1995
  • In: Kunskapsföretaget i ett rättsligt perspektiv. - Stockholm : Fritze. - 9138502267
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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11.
  • Andersson, Magnus N., et al. (author)
  • Prophylactic mastectomy – Correlation between skin flap thickness and residual glandular tissue evaluated postoperatively by imaging
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1748-6815 .- 1878-0539. ; 75:6, s. 1813-1819
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Women with an increased hereditary risk of breast cancer can undergo risk-reducing prophylactic mastectomy. However, there is a balance between how much subcutaneous tissue should be resected to achieve maximal reduction of glandular tissue, while leaving viable skin flaps.Methods: Forty-five women previously operated with prophylactic mastectomy underwent magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and ultrasound (US) to investigate the correlation between skin flap thickness and residual glandular tissue. Residual glandular tissue was documented as being present or not present, but not quantified, as the amount of residual glandular tissue in many cases was considered too small to make reliable volume quantifications with available tools. Since a mastectomy skin flap thickness of 5 mm is discussed as an oncologically safe thickness in the literature, this was used as a cut-off.Results: Following prophylactic mastectomy, residual glandular tissue was detected in 39.3% of all breasts and 27.9% of all the breast quadrants examined by MRT, and 44.1% of all breasts and 21.7% of all the breast quadrants examined by US. Residual glandular tissue was detected in 6.9% of the quadrants in skin flaps ≤ 5 mm and in 37.5% of the quadrants in skin flaps > 5 mm (OR 3.07; CI = 1.41–6.67; p = 0.005). Furthermore, residual glandular tissue increased significantly already when the skin flap thickness exceeded 7 mm.Conclusions: This study highlights that complete removal of glandular breast tissue during a mastectomy is difficult and suggests that this is an unattainable goal. We demonstrate that residual glandular tissue is significantly higher in skin flaps > 5 mm in comparison to skin flaps ≤ 5 mm, and that residual glandular tissue increases significantly already when the flap thickness exceeds 7 mm.
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12.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, et al. (author)
  • Career paths of Swedish top-level women soccer players
  • 2019
  • In: Soccer & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 20:6, s. 857-871
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study explores seven Swedish top-level women’s soccer players’ career development experiences. Data were produced through semi-structured interviews and a biographical mapping grid. The theoretical framework of ‘careership’ was employed to understand the data. The results showed homogenous career paths. Moreover, the data show that the players decided at a young age to pursue a career in soccer; experienced the transition from junior to senior level soccer as difficult because of a lack of physical preparedness; soccer over school commitments. We recommend that soccer stakeholders (e.g. federations, clubs, coaches) give the transition from junior to senior level soccer special attention to prevent intense demands that may cause dropout. We further propose that if athletes should give sport and education equal priority, the Swedish dual career concept of high school education and sport needs further reflection and adjustment.
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13.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, et al. (author)
  • Differential role of cytosolic Hsp70s in longevity assurance and protein quality control
  • 2021
  • In: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 17:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • 70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) are essential chaperones of the protein quality control network; vital for cellular fitness and longevity. The four cytosolic Hsp70's in yeast, Ssa1-4, are thought to be functionally redundant but the absence of Ssa1 and Ssa2 causes a severe reduction in cellular reproduction and accelerates replicative aging. In our efforts to identify which Hsp70 activities are most important for longevity assurance, we systematically investigated the capacity of Ssa4 to carry out the different activities performed by Ssa1/2 by overproducing Ssa4 in cells lacking these Hsp70 chaperones. We found that Ssa4, when overproduced in cells lacking Ssa1/2, rescued growth, mitigated aggregate formation, restored spatial deposition of aggregates into protein inclusions, and promoted protein degradation. In contrast, Ssa4 overproduction in the Hsp70 deficient cells failed to restore the recruitment of the disaggregase Hsp104 to misfolded/aggregated proteins, to fully restore clearance of protein aggregates, and to bring back the formation of the nucleolus-associated aggregation compartment. Exchanging the nucleotide-binding domain of Ssa4 with that of Ssa1 suppressed this 'defect' of Ssa4. Interestingly, Ssa4 overproduction extended the short lifespan of ssa1 Delta ssa2 Delta mutant cells to a lifespan comparable to, or even longer than, wild type cells, demonstrating that Hsp104-dependent aggregate clearance is not a prerequisite for longevity assurance in yeast. Author summary All organisms have proteins that network together to stabilize and protect the cell throughout its lifetime. One of these types of proteins are the Hsp70s (heat shock protein 70). Hsp70 proteins take part in folding other proteins to their functional form, untangling proteins from aggregates, organize aggregates inside the cell and ensure that damaged proteins are destroyed. In this study, we investigated three closely related Hsp70 proteins in yeast; Ssa1, 2 and 4, in an effort to describe the functional difference of Ssa4 compared to Ssa1 and 2 and to answer the question: What types of cellular stress protection are necessary to reach a normal lifespan? We show that Ssa4 can perform many of the same tasks as Ssa1 and 2, but Ssa4 doesn't interact in the same manner as Ssa1 and 2 with other types of proteins. This leads to a delay in removing protein aggregates created after heat stress. Ssa4 also cannot ensure that misfolded proteins aggregate correctly inside the nucleus of the cell. However, this turns out not to be necessary for yeast cells to achieve a full lifespan, which shows us that as long as cells can prevent aggregates from forming in the first place, they can reach a full lifespan.
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14.
  • Andersson, Rebecca (author)
  • On chaperone co-operation in temporal and spatial protein quality control
  • 2021
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In order for a protein to be able to function correctly it needs to adopt its proper fold. Because of this, protein quality control (PQC) is vital at every level of cellular function. The central protein in PQC networks across all kingdoms of life are the Hsp70 molecular chaperones. In my thesis I present work into the adaptability of the chaperone network during different types of stress, and the functional variability between highly homologous yeast Hsp70 chaperones. During heat stress, Hsp70s collaborate with other chaperones to sequester misfolded proteins into inclusion bodies and later resolve them. Hydrogen peroxide stress however requires additional activity from the peroxiredoxin Tsa1. Tsa1 is needed to recruit chaperones to misfolded proteins during oxidative stress. Interestingly, this is also true for stress caused by ageing, and increasing the level of Tsa1 can prolong the lifespan of yeast. The Stress Seventy subfamily A (Ssa1-4) is an important Hsp70 family in yeast. Loss of Ssa1 and Ssa2 decreases cellular viability and lifespan even though Ssa3 and Ssa4 remain. Overproduction of Ssa4 can restore many but not all of the functions usually carried out by Ssa1/2, and restore a full lifespan. We show that preventing proteins from misfolding or sequestering them into inclusion bodies is enough to ensure a full lifespan, while disaggregation of inclusion bodies is not required for longevity assurance. We also describe a novel, Hsp70-dependent site for sequestration of misfolded proteins around the yeast nucleolus that forms after heat shock. The site is also the basis for the asymmetric segregation of damaged proteins in the nucleus during cell division, in a manner that is distinct from previously described asymmetry pathways in yeast.
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15.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, 1987-, et al. (author)
  • The International Science Programme in Sri Lanka and Thailand : Three decades of research cooperation
  • 2017. - 1
  • Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Developing capacity for research and higher education takes time, especially in resource scarce environments. Equipping laboratories, building human capacity, and establishing research cultures at teaching oriented universities are complex and slow processes. This book focuses on the long-term cooperation with chemistry and physics research groups at universities in Sri Lanka and Thailand, provided by the International Science Programme (ISP) at Uppsala University, Sweden. It traces and gathers experiences from graduated students and other collaborating partners from supported groups. It addresses questions of if, and how, capacity for research and higher education has developed over the decades of ISP support, and the possible effects, efficiency, sustainability and improvements of it.
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16.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, 1987- (author)
  • The Sandwich Model : A Successful Case of Capacity Building
  • 2017
  • In: Internationalisation of Higher Education - A Handbook. - Berlin, Germany. ; 1, s. 54-64
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Based on the experiences of the International Science Programme (ISP) at Uppsala University, Sweden, this article describes and analyses the sandwich (PhD) model, where students from lower income countries spend part of their training at their home university and part at a better resourced university abroad. The model does more than provide scholarships; it includes long-term collaboration and commitment between partners, and improvement of research environments at students’ home institutions. By maintaining the connections to the home institutions throughout their training, conducting research of local relevance, and benefiting from enhanced research opportunities, graduates are facilitated to return home and continue their research after graduation.
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17.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, 1987-, et al. (author)
  • Tracing ISP Graduates 2008-2013
  • 2016
  • Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • The International Science Programme (ISP) at Uppsala University, Sweden, aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The ISP model is designed to prevent brain drain by improving local facilities and conditions for research and by promoting local postgraduate training. When local training is not possible, sandwich postgraduate training is employed, where students spend part of their training at their home university and part at a more resourceful scientific host institution abroad, in the North or in the region.The focus of this report is PhD graduates from ISP supported research groups and networks during the granting period 2008-2013, to trace where they are today and what they are doing.Most of the 154 traced PhD graduates (92%) are currently working in their home countries (126) or regions (16), most as Lecturers or Senior Lecturers at universities or research institutes. Twelve graduates are currently living in OECD countries, all but two of them employed in academia. A slightly higher share of students trained locally have stayed in their home countries or relocated within the regions, compared to sandwich students.
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18.
  • Andersson, Rebecca, 1987- (author)
  • Tracing ISP Graduates 2014-2017
  • 2018
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The International Science Programme (ISP) at Uppsala University provides long-term financial and collegial support to institutionally based research groups and scientific networks in chemistry, mathematics and physics in Africa, Asia and Latin America.During 2014-2017, 259 PhD students have graduated from 43 ISP supported research groups and networks. This report aims to find out where these graduates go after graduation and if they are contributing to increased competence at their academic institutions or making use of their skills in other sectors or other countries.In all, 250 out of the 259 PhD graduates where traced with their present whereabouts. In line with previous ISP tracer studies, this study shows that 95% of the PhD graduates are employed in their home countries (89%) and regions (6%). A large majority (94%) is working at universities or research institutes, many holding positions as lecturers or assistant professors. Twelve graduates (5%) are currently working outside their home country and regions, most (83%) at academic institutions in these countries.
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19.
  • Andersson, Sofia, et al. (author)
  • Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Swedish Serious Illness Conversation Guide
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Palliative Care. - : Sage Publications. - 0825-8597. ; 39:1, s. 21-28
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: To translate and adapt the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use within the Swedish healthcare setting and examine the validity and acceptability of the Swedish Serious Illness Conversation Guide. Methods: Three rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted (T1-3); patients (T1 n = 11; T2 n = 10; T3 n = 8), family members (T1 n = 5; T2 n = 2; T3 n = 2), and healthcare professionals (T1 n = 6; T2 n = 6; T3 n = 5). The guide was iteratively adapted based on interview feedback, clinical experience, and the literature. The guide was tested on training days with physicians and nurses. Results: The Swedish Serious Illness Conversation Guide was found to be useful in supporting serious illness conversations. Clinicians reported that some questions were emotionally challenging. Explicit questions about prognosis and timing were excluded. Instead, the dual approach of "hoping for the best and preparing for the worst" was used to explore patients' thoughts about the future. Conclusions: Patients, family members, and healthcare professionals found the Swedish Serious Illness Conversation Guide to be appropriate, sensitive, and responsive to their needs. The Swedish Serious Illness Conversation Guide may facilitate a more health-promoting approach to serious illness conversations. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these conversations on person-centered and goal-concordant care.
  •  
20.
  • Arheimer, Berit, et al. (author)
  • The IAHS Science for Solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN a Global world (HELPING)
  • 2024
  • In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
  •  
21.
  • Arnadottir, Anna, et al. (author)
  • The Meridian S01E02 : Impact Craters on Culture Night
  • 2021
  • Artistic work (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In this second episode of the podcast Nic and Rebecca invite Josefin Martell to the mic and chat to her about Impact Craters. Thereafter they take a closer look at one of their favourite astronomical objects: Dimidium.
  •  
22.
  • Baxter, Rebecca, 1989-, et al. (author)
  • Core elements of serious illness conversations : an integrative systematic review
  • 2023
  • In: BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2045-435X .- 2045-4368.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Ariadne Labs' Serious Illness Care Program (SICP), inclusive of the Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG), has been adapted for use in a variety of settings and among diverse population groups. Explicating the core elements of serious illness conversations could support the inclusion or exclusion of certain components in future iterations of the programme and the guide.Aim: This integrative systematic review aimed to identify and describe core elements of serious illness conversations in relation to the SICP and/or SICG.Design: Literature published between 1 January 2014 and 20 March 2023 was searched in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed. All articles were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Guidelines. Data were analysed with thematic synthesis.Results: A total of 64 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three themes were revealed: (1) serious illness conversations serve different functions that are reflected in how they are conveyed; (2) serious illness conversations endeavour to discover what matters to patients and (3) serious illness conversations seek to align what patients want in their life and care.Conclusions: Core elements of serious illness conversations included explicating the intention, framing, expectations and directions for the conversation. This encompassed discussing current and possible trajectories with a view towards uncovering matters of importance to the patient as a person. Preferences and priorities could be used to inform future preparation and recommendations. Serious illness conversation elements could be adapted and altered depending on the intended purpose of the conversation.
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23.
  • Baxter, Rebecca, 1989-, et al. (author)
  • Perils and payoffs for patients in serious illness conversations as described by physicians : a qualitative study
  • 2024
  • In: BMJ Open Quality. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2399-6641. ; 13:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The Serious Illness Care Programme was developed to promote more, better and earlier serious illness conversations. Conversations about goals and values are associated with improved experiences and outcomes for seriously ill patients. Clinicians’ attitudes and beliefs are thought to influence the uptake and performance of serious illness conversations, yet little is known about how clinicians perceive the impact of these conversations on patients. This study aimed to explore physicians’ perceptions regarding the impact of serious illness conversations for patients.Methods: The Serious Illness Care Programme was implemented as a quality improvement project in two hospitals in Southern Sweden. Focus group evaluation discussions were conducted with 14 physicians and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken.Results: The results revealed that physicians considered potential perils and optimised potential payoffs for patients when engaging in serious illness conversations. Potential perils encompassed inappropriate timing, damaging emotions and shattering hopes. Potential payoffs included reflection time, secure space, and united understandings.Conclusions: Physicians depicted a balance in evaluating the perils and payoffs of serious illness conversations for patients and recognised the interrelation of these possibilities through continual assessment and adjustment.
  •  
24.
  • Baxter, Rebecca, 1989-, et al. (author)
  • Perils and payoffs for patients in serious illness conversations as described by physicians : a qualitative study
  • 2024
  • In: BMJ Open Quality. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2399-6641. ; 13:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background The Serious Illness Care Programme was developed to promote more, better and earlier serious illness conversations. Conversations about goals and values are associated with improved experiences and outcomes for seriously ill patients. Clinicians' attitudes and beliefs are thought to influence the uptake and performance of serious illness conversations, yet little is known about how clinicians perceive the impact of these conversations on patients. This study aimed to explore physicians' perceptions regarding the impact of serious illness conversations for patients.Methods The Serious Illness Care Programme was implemented as a quality improvement project in two hospitals in Southern Sweden. Focus group evaluation discussions were conducted with 14 physicians and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken.Results The results revealed that physicians considered potential perils and optimised potential payoffs for patients when engaging in serious illness conversations. Potential perils encompassed inappropriate timing, damaging emotions and shattering hopes. Potential payoffs included reflection time, secure space, and united understandings.Conclusions Physicians depicted a balance in evaluating the perils and payoffs of serious illness conversations for patients and recognised the interrelation of these possibilities through continual assessment and adjustment.
  •  
25.
  • Bikkina, Srinivas, et al. (author)
  • Carbon isotope-constrained seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol sources from an urban location (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 122:9, s. 4903-4923
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols in South Asia. However, poorly constrained seasonality of their sources over the IGP leads to large uncertainty in climate and health effects. Here we present a first data set for year-round radiocarbon (C-14) and stable carbon (C-13)-based source apportionment of total carbon (TC) in ambient PM10 (n = 17) collected from an urban site (Kanpur: 26.5 degrees N, 80.3 degrees E) in the IGP during January 2007 to January 2008. The year-round C-14-based fraction biomass (f(bio-TC)) estimate at Kanpur averages 777% and emphasizes an impact of biomass burning emissions (BBEs). The highest f(bio-TC) (%) is observed in fall season (October-November, 856%) followed by winter (December-February, 804%) and spring (March-May, 758%), while lowest values are found in summer (June-September, 69 +/- 2%). Since biomass/coal combustion and vehicular emissions mostly contribute to carbonaceous aerosols over the IGP, we predict C-13(TC) (C-13(pred)) over Kanpur using known C-13 source signatures and the measured C-14 value of each sample. The seasonal variability of C-13(obs)-C-13(pred) versus C-14(TC) together with air mass back trajectories and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer fire count data reveal that carbonaceous aerosols in winter/fall are significantly influenced by atmospheric aging (downwind transport of crop residue burning/wood combustion emissions in the northern IGP), while local sources (wheat residue combustion/vehicular emissions) dominate in spring/summer. Given the large temporal and seasonal variability in sources and emission strength of TC over the IGP, C-14-based constraints are, thus, crucial for reducing their uncertainties in carbonaceous aerosol budgets in climate models.
  •  
26.
  • Bowers, Hannah M, et al. (author)
  • Supporting antidepressant discontinuation : the development and optimisation of a digital intervention for patients in UK primary care using a theory, evidence and person-based approach
  • 2020
  • In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a digital intervention to support antidepressant discontinuation in UK primary care that is scalable, accessible, safe and feasible. In this paper, we describe the development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.DESIGN: Intervention development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.SETTING: Primary Care in the South of England.PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen participants with a range of antidepressant experience took part in 'think aloud' interviews for intervention optimisation.INTERVENTION: Our digital intervention prototype (called 'ADvisor') was developed on the basis of a planning phase consisting of qualitative and quantitative reviews, an in-depth qualitative study, the development of guiding principles and a theory-based behavioural analysis. Our optimisation phase consisted of 'think aloud' interviews where the intervention was iteratively refined.RESULTS: The qualitative systematic review and in-depth qualitative study highlighted the centrality of fear of depression relapse as a key barrier to discontinuation. The quantitative systematic review showed that psychologically informed approaches such as cognitive-behavioural therapy were associated with greater rates of discontinuation than simple advice to reduce. Following a behavioural diagnosis based on the behaviour change wheel, social cognitive theory provided a theoretical basis for the intervention. The intervention was optimised on the basis of think aloud interviews, where participants suggested they like the flexibility of the system and found it reassuring. Changes were made to the tone of the material and the structure was adjusted based on this qualitative feedback.CONCLUSIONS: 'ADvisor' is a theory, evidence and person-based digital intervention designed to support antidepressant discontinuation. The intervention was perceived as helpful and reassuring in optimisation interviews. Trials are now needed to determine the feasibility, clinical and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
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27.
  • Cedervall, Johan, et al. (author)
  • Phase stability and structural transitions in compositionally complex LnMO 3 perovskites
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 300
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Entropy stabilised materials have possibilities for tailoring functionalities to overcome challenges in materials science. The concept of configurational entropy can also be applied to metal oxides, but it is unclear whether these could be considered as solid solutions in the case of perovskite-structured oxides and if the configurational entropy plays a stabilising role. In this study, compositionally complex perovskite oxides, LnMO3 (Ln ​= ​La, Nd, Sm, Ca and Sr, M ​= ​Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), are investigated for their phase stability and magnetic behaviour. Phase-pure samples were synthesised, and the room temperature structures were found to crystallise in either Pnma or R3¯c space groups, depending on the composition and the resulting tolerance factor, while the structural transition temperatures correlate with the pseudo cubic unit cell volume. The techniques used included diffraction with X-rays and neutrons, both ex- and in-situ, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetometry as well as electron microscopy. Neutron diffraction studies on one sample reveal that no oxygen vacancies are found in the structure and that the magnetic properties are ferrimagnetic-like with magnetic moments mainly coupled antiferromagnetically along the crystallographic c-direction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gave indications of the oxidation states of the constituting ions where several mixed oxidation states are observed in these valence-compensated perovskites.
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28.
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29.
  • Cuervo-Cazurral, Alvaro, et al. (author)
  • From the Editors : Can I trust your findings? Ruling out alternative explanations in international business research
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of International Business Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2506 .- 1478-6990. ; 47:8, s. 881-897
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The complex nature of international business research, with its cross-country and multilevel nature, complicates the empirical identification of relationships among theoretical constructs. The objective of this editorial is to provide guidance to help international business scholars navigate this complexity and ensure that readers can trust their findings. We provide suggestions for how to rule out alternative explanations, explaining key considerations not only in empirical analyses, but also in theory building and in research design. Our discussion covers both qualitative and quantitative studies, because we believe that it is imperative to understand how trustworthiness is established in both traditions, even for international business researchers who self-identify with only one. This enables scholars to have a broader scope of knowledge when interpreting past research in the field and to be more adept at explaining their design choices to a diverse audience.
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30.
  • Dainese, Matteo, et al. (author)
  • A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
  • 2019
  • In: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society. Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
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31.
  • Demidova, Marina M., et al. (author)
  • Prognostic value of early sustained ventricular arrhythmias in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention : A substudy of VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial
  • 2023
  • In: Heart rhythm O2. - : Elsevier. - 2666-5018. ; 4:3, s. 200-206
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Prognostic assessment of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is based mainly on distinguishing between early (<48 hours) and late arrhythmias, and does not take into account its time distribution with regard to reperfusion, or type of arrhythmia.OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the prognostic value of early ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in STEMI with regard to their type and timing.METHODS: The prespecified analysis of the multicenter prospective Bivalirudin versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctionin Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based Care in Heart Disease evaluated according to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial included 2886 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). VA episodes were characterized regarding their type and timing. Survival status at 180 days was assessed through the population registry.RESULTS: Nonmonomorphic VT or VF was observed in 97 (3.4%) and monomorphic VT in 16 (0.5%) patients. Only 3 (2.7%) early VA episodes occurred after 24 hours from symptom onset. VA was associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01-6.42) after adjustment for age, sex, and STEMI localization. VA after PCI was associated with an increased mortality compared with VA before PCI (hazard ratio 6.68; 95% CI 2.90-15.41). Early VA was associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 7.39; 95% CI 3.68-14.83) but not with long-term prognosis in patients discharged alive. The type of VA was not associated with mortality.CONCLUSION: VA after PCI was associated with an increased mortality compared with VA before PCI. Long-term prognosis did not differ between patients with monomorphic VT and nonmonomorphic VT or VF, but events were few. VA incidence during 24 to 48 hours of STEMI is negligibly low, thus precluding assessment of its prognostic importance.
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32.
  • Frykholm, Peter, 1961-, et al. (author)
  • Pre-operative fasting in children : A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
  • 2022
  • In: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 39:1, s. 4-25
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Current paediatric anaesthetic fasting guidelines have recommended conservative fasting regimes for many years and have not altered much in the last decades. Recent publications have employed more liberal fasting regimes with no evidence of increased aspiration or regurgitation rates. In this first solely paediatric European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) pre-operative fasting guideline, we aim to present aggregated and evidence-based summary recommendations to assist clinicians, healthcare providers, patients and parents.We identified six main topics for the literature search: studies comparing liberal with conservative regimens; impact of food composition; impact of comorbidity; the use of gastric ultrasound as a clinical tool; validation of gastric ultrasound for gastric content and gastric emptying studies; and early postoperative feeding. The literature search was performed by a professional librarian in collaboration with the ESAIC task force.Recommendations for reducing clear fluid fasting to 1 h, reducing breast milk fasting to 3 h, and allowing early postoperative feeding were the main results, with GRADE 1C or 1B evidence. The available evidence suggests that gastric ultrasound may be useful for clinical decision-making, and that allowing a ‘light breakfast’ may be well tolerated if the intake is well controlled. More research is needed in these areas as well as evaluation of how specific patient or treatment-related factors influence gastric emptying.
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33.
  • Giménez-García, Angel, et al. (author)
  • Pollination supply models from a local to global scale
  • 2023
  • In: Web Ecology. - 1399-1183. ; 23:2, s. 99-129
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more accessible alternative of measuring ecological functions, which could help promote their use amongst farmers and other decision-makers. In the case of crop pollination, modelling has traditionally followed either a mechanistic or a data-driven approach. Mechanistic models simulate the habitat preferences and foraging behaviour of pollinators, while data-driven models associate georeferenced variables with real observations. Here, we test these two approaches to predict pollination supply and validate these predictions using data from a newly released global dataset on pollinator visitation rates to different crops. We use one of the most extensively used models for the mechanistic approach, while for the data-driven approach, we select from among a comprehensive set of state-of-The-Art machine-learning models. Moreover, we explore a mixed approach, where data-derived inputs, rather than expert assessment, inform the mechanistic model. We find that, at a global scale, machine-learning models work best, offering a rank correlation coefficient between predictions and observations of pollinator visitation rates of 0.56. In turn, the mechanistic model works moderately well at a global scale for wild bees other than bumblebees. Biomes characterized by temperate or Mediterranean forests show a better agreement between mechanistic model predictions and observations, probably due to more comprehensive ecological knowledge and therefore better parameterization of input variables for these biomes. This study highlights the challenges of transferring input variables across multiple biomes, as expected given the different composition of species in different biomes. Our results provide clear guidance on which pollination supply models perform best at different spatial scales-the first step towards bridging the stakeholder-Academia gap in modelling ecosystem service delivery under ecological intensification.
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34.
  • Hadfield, James, et al. (author)
  • Comprehensive global genome dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis show ancient diversification followed by contemporary mixing and recent lineage expansion
  • 2017
  • In: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 27:7, s. 1220-1229
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Chlamydia trachomatis is the world's most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection and leading infectious cause of blindness, yet it is one of the least understood human pathogens, in part due to the difficulties of in vitro culturing and the lack of available tools for genetic manipulation. Genome sequencing has reinvigorated this field, shedding light on the contemporary history of this pathogen. Here, we analyze 563 full genomes, 455 of which are novel, to show that the history of the species comprises two phases, and conclude that the currently circulating lineages are the result of evolution in different genomic ecotypes. Temporal analysis indicates these lineages have recently expanded in the space of thousands of years, rather than the millions of years as previously thought, a finding that dramatically changes our understanding of this pathogen's history. Finally, at a time when almost every pathogen is becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobials, we show that there is no evidence of circulating genomic resistance in C. trachomatis.
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35.
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36.
  • Hibar, Derrek P., et al. (author)
  • Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume
  • 2017
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (r(g) = -0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
  •  
37.
  • Hober, Andreas, et al. (author)
  • Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative peptide enrichment LC-MS analysis
  • 2021
  • In: eLIFE. - : eLIFE SCIENCES PUBL LTD. - 2050-084X. ; 10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Reliable, robust, large-scale molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for monitoring the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We have developed a scalable analytical approach to detect viral proteins based on peptide immuno-affinity enrichment combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This is a multiplexed strategy, based on targeted proteomics analysis and read-out by LC-MS, capable of precisely quantifying and confirming the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) swab media from combined throat/nasopharynx/saliva samples. The results reveal that the levels of SARS-CoV-2 measured by LC-MS correlate well with their correspondingreal-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) read-out (r = 0.79). The analytical workflow shows similar turnaround times as regular RT-PCR instrumentation with a quantitative read-out of viral proteins corresponding to cycle thresholds (Ct) equivalents ranging from 21 to 34. Using RT-PCR as a reference, we demonstrate that the LC-MS-based method has 100% negative percent agreement (estimated specificity) and 95% positive percent agreement (estimated sensitivity) when analyzing clinical samples collected from asymptomatic individuals with a Ct within the limit of detection of the mass spectrometer (Ct <= 30). These results suggest that a scalable analytical method based on LC-MS has a place in future pandemic preparedness centers to complement current virus detection technologies.
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38.
  • Hou, Xiao-Qing, et al. (author)
  • Functional Evolution of a Bark Beetle Odorant Receptor Clade Detecting Monoterpenoids of Different Ecological Origins
  • 2021
  • In: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 38:11, s. 4934-4947
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Insects detect odors using an array of odorant receptors (ORs), which may expand through gene duplication. How and which new functions may evolve among related ORs within a species remain poorly investigated. We addressed this question by functionally characterizing ORs from the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, in which physiological and behavioral responses to pheromones, volatiles from host and nonhost trees, and fungal symbionts are well described. In contrast, knowledge of OR function is restricted to two receptors detecting the pheromone compounds (S)-(-)-ipsenol (ItypOR46) and (R)-(-)-ipsdienol (ItypOR49). These receptors belong to an Ips-specific OR-lineage comprising seven ItypORs. To gain insight into the functional evolution of related ORs, we characterized the five remaining ORs in this Glade using Xenopus oocytes. Two receptors responded primarily to the host tree monoterpenes (+)-3-carene (ItypOR25) and p-cymene (ItypOR27). Two receptors responded to oxygenated monoterpenoids produced in larger relative amounts by the beetle-associated fungi, with ItypOR23 specific for (+)-trans-(1R, 4S)-4-thujanol, and ItypOR29 responding to (+)-isopinocamphone and similar ketones. ItypOR28 responded to the pheromone E-myrcenol from the competitor Ips duplicatus. Overall, the OR responses match well with those of previously characterized olfactory sensory neuron classes except that neurons detecting E-myrcenol have not been identified. The characterized ORs are under strong purifying selection and demonstrate a shared functional property in that they all primarily respond to monoterpenoids. The variation in functional groups among OR ligands and their diverse ecological origins suggest that neofunctionalization has occurred early in the evolution of this OR-lineage following gene duplication.
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39.
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40.
  • Ivarsson, David, et al. (author)
  • Guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder : a randomized controlled trial
  • 2014
  • In: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 1:1, s. 33-40
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of guided internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sixty-two participants with chronic PTSD, as assessed by the Clinician-administered PTSD Scale, were recruited via nationwide advertising and randomized to either treatment (n = 31) or delayed treatment attention control (n = 31). The ICBT treatment consisted of 8 weekly text-based modules containing psychoeducation, breathing retraining, imaginal and in vivo exposure, cognitive restructuring, and relapse prevention. Therapist support and feedback on homework assignment were given weekly via an online contact handling system. Assessments were made at baseline, post-treatment, and at 1-year follow-up. Main outcome measures were the Impact of Events Scale — Revised (IES-R) and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Results showed significant reductions of PTSD symptoms (between group effect on the IES-R Cohen's d = 1.25, and d = 1.24 for the PDS) compared to the control group. There were also effects on depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. The results at one-year follow-up showed that treatment gains were maintained. In sum, these results suggest that ICBT with therapist support can reduce PTSD symptoms significantly.
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41.
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42.
  • Johansson, Emil, 1985-, et al. (author)
  • Exploring the effect of structure-based scaffold hopping on the inhibition of coxsackievirus a24v transduction by pentavalent n-acetylneuraminic acid conjugates
  • 2021
  • In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:16
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is the primary causative agent of the highly contagious eye infection designated acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). It is solely responsible for two pandemics and several recurring outbreaks of the disease over the last decades, thus affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. To date, no antiviral agents or vaccines are available for combating this disease, and treatment is mainly supportive. CVA24v utilizes Neu5Ac-containing glycans as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. We have previously reported that pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates based on a glucose-scaffold inhibit CVA24v infection of human corneal epithelial cells. In this study, we report on the design and synthesis of scaffold-replaced pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates and their effect on CVA24v cell transduction and the use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study the binding of these multivalent conjugates to CVA24v. The results presented here provide insights into the development of Neu5Ac-based inhibitors of CVA24v and, most significantly, the first application of cryo-EM to study the binding of a multivalent ligand to a lectin.
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43.
  • Johansson, Emil, et al. (author)
  • Pentavalent Sialic Acid Conjugates Block Coxsackievirus A24 Variant and Human Adenovirus Type 37-Viruses That Cause Highly Contagious Eye Infections
  • 2020
  • In: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 15:10, s. 2683-2691
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) and human adenovirus 37 (HAdV-37) are leading causative agents of the severe and highly contagious ocular infections acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, respectively. Currently, neither vaccines nor antiviral agents are available for treating these diseases, which affect millions of individuals worldwide. CVA24v and HAdV-37 utilize sialic acid as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. Previously, we and others have shown that derivatives based on sialic acid are effective in preventing HAdV-37 binding and infection of cells. Here, we designed and synthesized novel pentavalent sialic acid conjugates and studied their inhibitory effect against CVA24v and HAdV-37 binding and infection of human corneal epithelial cells. The pentavalent conjugates are the first reported inhibitors of CVA24v infection and proved efficient in blocking HAdV-37 binding. Taken together, the pentavalent conjugates presented here form a basis for the development of general inhibitors of these highly contagious ocular pathogens.
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44.
  • Kirillova, Elena N., et al. (author)
  • C-13- and C-14-based study of sources and atmospheric processing of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in South Asian aerosols
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 118:2, s. 614-626
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is typically a large component of carbonaceous aerosols with a high propensity for inducing cloud formation. The sources of WSOC, which may be both of primary and secondary origins, are in general poorly constrained. This study assesses the concentrations and dual-carbon isotope (14C and 13C) signatures of South Asian WSOC during a 15-month continuous campaign in 2008-2009. Total suspended particulate matter samples were collected at Sinhagad (SINH) India and at the Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH). Monsoon-driven meteorology yields significant WSOC concentration differences between the dry winter season (0.94±0.43 μg m-3 MCOH and 3.6±2.3 μg m-3 SINH) and the summer monsoon season (0.10±0.04 μg m-3 MCOH and 0.35±0.21 μg m-3 SINH). Radiocarbon-based source apportionment of WSOC shows the dominance of biogenic/biomass combustion sources but also a substantial anthropogenic fossil-fuel contribution (17±4% MCOH and 23±4% SINH). Aerosols reaching MCOH after long-range over-ocean transport were enriched by 3-4‰ in δ13C-WSOC relative to SINH. This is consistent with particle-phase aging processes influencing the δ13C-WSOC signal in the South Asian regional receptor atmosphere.
  •  
45.
  • Kirillova, Elena N., et al. (author)
  • Natural Abundance C-13 and C-14 Analysis of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols
  • 2010
  • In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 82:19, s. 7973-7978
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) constitutes a large fraction of climate-forcing organic aerosols in the atmosphere, yet the sources of WSOC are poorly constrained. A method was developed to measure the stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) and radiocarbon (delta C-14) composition of WSOC for apportionment between fossil fuel and different biogenic sources. Synthetic WSOC test substances and ambient aerosols were employed to investigate the effect of both modern and fossil carbon contamination and any method-induced isotope fractionation. The method includes extraction of aerosols collected on quartz filters followed by purification and preparation for off-line delta C-13 and Delta C-14 determination. The preparative freeze-drying step for isotope analysis yielded recoveries of only similar to 70% for ambient aerosols and WSOC probes. However, the delta C-13 of the WSOC isolates were in agreement with the delta C-13 of the unprocessed starting material, even for the volatile oxalic acid probe (6.59 +/- 0.37 parts per thousand vs 6.33 +/- 0.31 parts per thousand; 2 sd). A C-14-fossil phthalic acid WSOC probe returned a fraction modern biomass of <0.008 whereas a C-14-modern sucrose sucrose standard yielded a fraction modern of >0.999, indicating the Delta C-14-WSOC method to be free of both fossil and contemporary carbon contamination. Application of the (delta C-13/Delta C-14-WSOC method to source apportion climate-affecting aerosols was illustrated be constraining that WSOC in ambient Stockholm aerosols were 88% of contemporary biogenic C3 plant origin.
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46.
  • Lindsay, Willow R, et al. (author)
  • Endless forms of sexual selection
  • 2024
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The field of sexual selection has burgeoned with research into trait evolution in the context of ecology, sociality, phylogeny, natural selection, and sexual conflict. This paper is the product of a “stock-taking” workshop; our aim is to stimulate discussion, not to provide an exhaustive review. We identify outstanding questions organized into four thematic sections.1) Evolution of mate choice and mating systems. Variation in mate quality can generate mating competition and choice in either sex with implications for the evolution of mating systems. Limitations on mate choice may dictate the importance of direct vs. indirect benefits in mating decisions and consequently, mating systems. Specifically, polyandry evolves in response to the strength of pre- vs. post-copulatory selection. The evolution of polyandry may be related to diversity of pathogens and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. MHC genes are also potential cues of kinship in avoidance of inbreeding. The balance between inbreeding avoidance and inclusive fitness in mating decisions deserves greater attention.2) Sender and receiver mechanisms shaping signal design. Mediation of honest signal content likely depends on integration of temporally variable social and physiological costs that are a challenge to measure. The neuroethology of sensory and cognitive receiver biases is the main key to signal form and the ‘aesthetic sense’ proposed by Darwin. Since a receiver bias is sufficient to both start and drive ornament or armament exaggeration, without a genetically correlated or even coevolving receiver, this may be the appropriate ‘null model’ of sexual selection.3) Genetic architecture of sexual selection. Despite advances in modern molecular techniques, the number and identity of genes underlying performance remain largely unknown. A combination of genomic techniques and long-term field studies that reveal ecological correlates of reproductive success is warranted. In-depth investigations into the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism will reveal constraints and trajectories of sexually selected trait evolution.4) Sexual selection and conflict as drivers of speciation. Population divergence and speciation is often driven by an interplay between sexual and natural selection. To what extent sexual selection promotes or counteracts population divergence may differ depending on the genetic architecture of traits as well as covariance between mating competition and local adaptation, if traits have multiple functions and if sensory systems used in mate choice are locally adapted. Also, post-copulatory processes, e.g. selection against heterospecific sperm, may influence the importance of sexual selection. Sexual conflict can shape speciation processes, since mate choice selection on females can restrict gene flow whereas selection on males is permissive.We propose that efforts to resolve these four themes can catalyze conceptual progress in the field of sexual selection.
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47.
  • Malm, Joakim, et al. (author)
  • UTVÄRDERING AV SI-VERKSAMHETEN VID LUNDS UNIVERSITET 2019/20
  • 2020
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Enkelt uttryckt är Samverkansinlärning (SI) en studiecirkel kopplat till en utmanande kurs. SI leds av en senior student som utformar läraktiviteter där studenterna arbetar i grupper med att förklara och förtydliga svårt kursmaterial. Målsättningen med SI, förutom förbättrade prestationer i den aktuella kursen, är att studenterna skall utveckla goda studiestrategier och bli mer självständiga i sitt lärande. Denna rapport behandlar SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet under läsåret 2019/20. Målsättningen är att läsaren skall få en god bild av hur SI bedrivs vid lärosätet och hur insatsen upplevs av deltagare och studentledare. Rapporten bygger dels på kvantitativa data – SI-närvaro samt närvaron kopplat till studenternas prestationer i SI-stödda kurser. Och dels på kvalitativa data från enkäter till deltagare och SI-ledare samt information frän metodhandledare och SI-koordinatorer.Under läsåret 2019/20 kompletterades undervisningen i 160 kurstillfällen av SI där totalt 235 studentledare ledde SI-pass. 4200 studenter vid universitetet deltog på passen under läsåret. Medelnärvaron var 25 % och 50 % av studenter med tillgång till SI provade på att besöka åtminstone ett pass. Dessa siffror betyder att SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet är en av de största vid lärosäten i Europa. SI-verksamheten följer också grundläggande SI-principer på ett bra sätt enligt deltagarna. Exempelvis på så sätt att deltagarna har ett stort inflytande över agendan på SI-passen och att arbetet med att förstå utmanande kursmaterial bedrivs genom arbete och diskussion i grupp. SI-ledaren ser till att arbetet går framåt genom att ställa frågor och uppmuntrardeltagarna att dela med sig av sina kunskaper till varandra. Studenternas drivkraft att gå på SI-passen är i huvudsak meningsorienterad genom att de vill få en bättre förståelse av ämnet och för att det är roligt att diskutera kursinnehåll med kurskamrater. Vad ger då deltagande på SI för närvarande studenter? Jämförelser av närvaro på SI och genomströmning på SI-stödd kurs antyder att chanserna att klara kursen vid ordinarie examination(er) ökar med ökad SI-närvaro. Deltagande studenter upplever dessutom i stor utsträckning att SI leder till att de bättre förstår vad som förväntas av dem i kursen, är ett effektivt stöd att ta sig fram i kursen, ökar intresset för ämnet och ger dem en djupare förståelse av kursinnehållet. Dessutom anser en stor andel avdeltagarna att de utvecklar generella färdigheter såsom problemlösning, kritiskt tänkande, lagarbete och presentation av akademiskt material inför andra. En betydande del av SI-deltagarna anger att de åtminstone till viss del de utvecklar sitt sätt att studera och förbättrar sitt akademiska självförtroende. Ca en fjärdedel av de svarande på enkäten anser att SI varit viktigt för att skaffa studiekamrater, vilket kan vara mycket betydelsefullt för att känna tillhörighet inom akademien och ge ytterligare motivation till fortsatta högre studier.De dominerande svarsteman på öppna enkätfrågor rörande vad som är bäst med SI samt vad som skiljer SI-pass från ordinarie undervisning är desamma för bägge frågorna. Det handlar om att deltagarna uppskattar diskussionen/samarbetet samt atmosfären och arbetsmiljön på passen. Vidare gillar studenterna fokus på djupare förståelse av kursinnehållet. På frågan vad man tycker kan förbättras med SI-passen anser en del av deltagarna att strukturen på passet ibland kan vara tydligare och att arbetet under passen ibland kan kännas ineffektivt.Aktiva SI-ledare och SI-ledaralumner i arbetslivet fick svara på enkäter rörande de färdigheter man tränar och utvecklar i sitt SI-arbete. Här framkom att de svarande generellt tyckte att de blivit bättre på ett flertal färdigheter inom områdena kommunikation, ledarskap och handhavande av grupper samt vissa personliga färdigheter. En stor majoritet av SI-ledaralumnerna ansåg dessutom SI-ledarskapet givit dem en fördel när de sökt jobb och att man haft god nytta av SI-färdigheterna i sitt yrkesverksamma liv. Enkätundersökningen avaktiva SI-ledare samt SI-ledaralumner vid Lunds Universitet var en del av en internationell undersökning där två andra SI-program vid North West University i Sydafrika och University of Missouri Kansas City ingick. Resultaten från enkäterna vid dessa lärosäten speglade resultaten från Lunds universitet. Således verkar SI-ledarna generellt vinna en hel del genom sin tjänstgöring, oavsett lärosäte och land, som de senare har nytta av i sitt yrkesverksamma liv.Under den andra hälften av vårterminen 2020 övergick SI-passen till att ges på distans pga Coronapandemin. Många metodhandledare och SI-ledare gjorde ett fantastiskt jobb med att snabbt ställa om verksamheten. Enkätsvar från deltagare på distans-SI visade att SI-passen var uppskattade och att fördelarna man fick från att delta motsvarade de som man får på reguljär sals-SI. Dock framträdde ett antal utmaningar. Närvaron var betydligt lägre på distans-SI jämfört med sals-SI. Mötena kändes ofta som lite mer tidsineffektiva när de gickpå distans, ledarna fick en svårare uppgift med att hålla reda på tekniken vid sidan av att leda SI-passet, och deltagarna/ledarna saknade den sociala dimensionen man får vid sals-SI med möjlighet att kunna snacka liteom annat och att kunna läsa av kroppsspråk. Möjligheten att prova på distans-SI vid Lunds universitet har varit berikande och gett inspiration till att utveckla konceptet. Distans SI bör även i mer normala tider kunna vara ett bra komplement till sals-SI vad gäller att stödja studenter i utmanande kurser. Speciellt vid distanskurser, men även för att stödja studenter som inte har möjlighet att delta på sals-SI, exempelvis pga föräldraskap, deltidsarbete, långa pendlingstider, mm mm.Under läsåret 2019/20 gjordes också en studie av läraktiviteter under SI-pass. Studien visade att de huvudsakliga aktiviteterna på SI-pass handlar om att förklara och tydliggöra det som är svårt i kursen. Men att man också avsätter betydande del av tiden för att få en djupare förståelse av det behandlade kursmaterialet genom analyserande och reflekterande aktiviteter.
  •  
48.
  • McPhearson, Timon, et al. (author)
  • A social-ecological-technological systems framework for urban ecosystem services
  • 2022
  • In: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:5, s. 505-518
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As rates of urbanization and climatic change soar, decision-makers are increasingly challenged to provide innovative solutions that simultaneously address climate change impacts and risks and inclusively ensure quality of life for urban residents. Cities have turned to nature-based solutions to help address these challenges. Nature-based solutions, through the provision of ecosystem services, can yield numerous benefits for people and address multiple challenges simultaneously. Yet, efforts to mainstream nature-based solutions are impaired by the complexity of the interacting social, ecological, and technological dimensions of urban systems. This complexity must be understood and managed to ensure ecosystem-service provisioning is effective, equitable, and resilient. Here, we provide a social-ecological-technological system (SETS) framework that builds on decades of urban ecosystem services research to better understand four core challenges associated with urban nature-based solutions: multi-functionality, systemic valuation, scale mismatch of ecosystem services, and inequity and injustice. The framework illustrates the importance of coordinating natural, technological, and socio-economic systems when designing, planning, and managing urban nature-based solutions to enable optimal social-ecological outcomes.
  •  
49.
  • Meister, Rebecca, et al. (author)
  • Prediction of perioperative myocardial infarction/injury in high-risk patients after noncardiac surgery
  • 2023
  • In: European Heart Journal. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 12:11, s. 729-739
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims Perioperative myocardial infarction/injury (PMI) is a surprisingly common yet difficult-to-predict cardiac complication in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. We aimed to assess the incremental value of preoperative cardiac troponin (cTn) concentration in the prediction of PMI. Methods and results Among prospectively recruited patients at high cardiovascular risk (age >= 65 years or >= 45 years with preexisting cardiovascular disease), PMI was defined as an absolute increase in high-sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) concentration of >= 14 ng/L (the 99th percentile) above the preoperative concentration. Perioperative myocardial infarction/injury was centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists using serial measurements of hs-cTnT. Using logistic regression, three models were derived: Model 1 including patient- and procedure-related information, Model 2 adding routinely available laboratory values, and Model 3 further adding preoperative hs-cTnT concentration. Models were also compared vs. preoperative hs-cTnT alone. The findings were validated in two independent cohorts. Among 6944 patients, PMI occurred in 1058 patients (15.2%). The predictive accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.74] for Model 1, 0.75 (95% CI 0.74-0.77) for Model 2, 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.80) for Model 3, and 0.74 for hs-cTnT alone. Model 3 included 10 preoperative variables: age, body mass index, known coronary artery disease, metabolic equivalent >4, risk of surgery, emergency surgery, planned duration of surgery, haemoglobin, platelet count, and hs-cTnT. These findings were confirmed in both independent validation cohorts (n = 722 and n = 966). Conclusion Preoperative cTn adds incremental value above patient- and procedure-related variables as well as routine laboratory variables in the prediction of PMI.
  •  
50.
  • Oskarsson, Sofi, et al. (author)
  • Interaction of resting heart rate with empathy in predicting externalizing behavior
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 46:1, s. 47-61
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Biopsychosocial criminological theories suggest that it is important to consider interactions between risk factors from different domains in the prediction of externalizing behavior. Lower resting heart rate is considered the best replicated biological risk factor for externalizing behavior. The psychological construct of empathy has also shown to be predictive of such behavior, but little is known about the potential interaction between these two different risk factors in predicting externalizing behavior. We examined the moderating role of empathy on the association between resting heart rate in childhood and adolescence with externalizing behavior by young adulthood using two subsets of participants from the Longitudinal Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior project: Subsample 1 (n = 697) at ages 9–10 and 19–20 years and Subsample 2 (n = 394) at ages 14–15 and 19–20 years. Linear and logistic regressions showed that empathy moderated the association between resting heart rate in adolescence and externalizing behavior by young adulthood. Among individuals with low but not high levels of empathy, increased resting heart rate predicted lower levels of externalizing behavior. Interventions enhancing empathic skills in individuals with psychophysiological risk profiles could be beneficial.
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