| 1. |
- Librado, P., et al.
(author)
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The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
- 2021
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 598, s. 634-640
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region. Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare(1). However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling(2-4) at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc(3). Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia(5) and Anatolia(6), have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association(7) between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc(8,9) driving the spread of Indo-European languages(10). This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture(11,12).
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| 2. |
- Field, Christopher B., et al.
(author)
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Summary for Policymakers
- 2014
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In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and SectoralAspects.. - 9781107415379 ; , s. 1-32
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Enaki, N. A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum Information Processes in Protein Microtubules of Brain Neurons
- 2016
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In: 3rd International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789812877369 - 9789812877352 ; , s. 245-249
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study biologically 'orchestrated' coherent quantum processes in collections of protein microtubules of brain neurons, which correlate with, and regulate, neuronal synaptic and membrane activity. In this situation the continuous Schrodinger evolution of each such process terminates in accordance with the specific Diosi-Penrose (DP) scheme of 'objective reduction' ('OR') of the quantum state. This orchestrated OR activity ('Orch OR') is taken to result in moments of conscious awareness and/or choice. We analyze Orch OR in light of advances and developments in quantum physics, computational neuroscience and quantum biology. Much attention is also devoted to the 'beat frequencies' of faster microtubule vibrations as a possible source of the observed electro-encephalographic ('EEG') correlates of consciousness.
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| 4. |
- Anisimov, Vladimir N., et al.
(author)
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Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on lifespan of rodents
- 2011
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In: Aging. - 1945-4589. ; 3:11, s. 1110-1119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of the mitochondria-targeted, plastoquinone-containing antioxidant SkQ1 on the lifespan of outbred mice and of three strains of inbred mice was studied. To this end, low pathogen (LP) or specific pathogen free (SPF) vivaria in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Stockholm were used. For comparison, we also studied mole-voles and dwarf hamsters, two wild species of small rodents kept under simulated natural conditions. It was found that substitution of a LP vivarium for a conventional (non-LP) one doubled the lifespan of female outbred mice, just as SkQ1 did in a non-LP vivarium. SkQ1 prevented age-dependent disappearance of estrous cycles of outbred mice in both LP and non-LP vivaria. In the SPF vivarium in Moscow, male BALB/c mice had shorter lifespan than females, and SkQ1 increased their lifespan to the values of the females. In the females, SkQ1 retarded development of such trait of aging as heart mass increase. Male C57Bl/6 mice housed individually in the SPF vivarium in Stockholm lived as long as females. SkQ1 increased the male lifespan, the longevity of the females being unchanged. SkQ1 did not change food intake by these mice. Dwarf hamsters and mole-voles kept in outdoor cages or under simulated natural conditions lived longer if treated with SkQ1. The effect of SkQ1 on longevity of females is assumed to mainly be due to retardation of the age-linked decline of the immune system. For males under LP or SPF conditions, SkQ1 increased the lifespan, affecting also some other system(s) responsible for aging.
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| 5. |
- Anisimov, Vladimir N., et al.
(author)
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Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen
- 2006
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In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728. ; 1757:5-6, s. 573-589
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of the pineal indole hormone melatonin on the life span of mice, rats and fruit flies has been studied using various approaches. It has been observed that in female CBA, SHR, SAM and transgenic HER-2/neu mice long-term administration of melatonin was followed by an increase in the mean life span. In rats, melatonin treatment increased survival of male and female rats. In D. melanogaster, supplementation of melatonin to nutrient medium during developmental stages produced contradictory results, but and increase in the longevity of fruit flies has been observed when melatonin was added to food throughout the life span. In mice and rats, melatonin is a potent antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin alone turned out neither toxic nor mutagenic in the Ames test and revealed clastogenic activity at high concentration in the COMET assay. Melatonin has inhibited mutagenesis and clastogenic effect of a number of indirect chemical mutagens. Melatonin inhibits the development of spontaneous and 7-12-dimethlbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- or N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rodents; colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats, N-diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix and vagina in mice; benzo(a)pyrene-induced soft tissue carcinogenesis and lung carcinogenesis induced by urethan in mice. To identify molecular events regulated by melatonin, gene expression profiles were studied in the heart and brain of melatonin-treated CBA mice using cDNA gene expression arrays (15,247 and 16,897 cDNA clone sets, respectively). It was shown that genes controlling the cell cycle, cell/organism defense, protein expression and transport are the primary effectors for melatonin. Melatonin also increased the expression of some mitochondrial genes (16S, cytochrome c oxidases I and 3 (COX I and COX3), and NADH dehydrogenases I and 4 (ND1 and ND4)), which agrees with its ability to inhibit free radical processes. Of great interest is the effect of melatonin upon the expression of a large number of genes related to calcium exchange, such as Cu15, Dcamk11 and Kcnn4; a significant effect of melatonin on the expression of some oncogenesis-related genes was also detected. Thus, we believe that melatonin may be used for the prevention of premature aging and carcinogenesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nowak-Sliwinska, Patrycja, et al.
(author)
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Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays
- 2018
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In: Angiogenesis. - : Springer. - 0969-6970 .- 1573-7209. ; 21:3, s. 425-532
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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| 8. |
- J.Lindner, A.Scherz, P.Poulopoulos, C.Rudt, A.N.Anisimov, H.Wende, K.Baberschke, P.Blomquist, R.Wäppling, F.Wilhelm, N.B.Brookes
(author)
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Ultrathin Fe-limit in Fe/V(001) superlattices
- 2003
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In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. ; 256:1-3, s. 404-411
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Popov, A. P., et al.
(author)
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Metastable noncollinear canted states from a phenomenological model of a symmetric ferromagnetic film
- 2010
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:5, s. 054440-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work we developed a theoretical method to find the noncollinear canted magnetic states of ferromagnetic film whose magnetic properties are treated within a simple phenomenological model that takes into account the discrete location of atomic layers. We apply this method to the description of stable and uniform in the film plane magnetic configurations of symmetric ferromagnetic film with equal anisotropy constants at both sides of a film. We demonstrated that besides the ground noncollinear canted state caused by the competition between the energies of surface and bulk anisotropy this film also exhibits metastable noncollinear canted states that are not necessarily caused by the competition between these energies. They represent various kinds of excited Bloch wall-like states with a wall parallel to the film plane. The generalization of the method developed to the case of explicit account of dipole interaction between the nearest-neighbor layers is presented. We considered the fcc and bcc films with (001) surface and demonstrated that novel metastable states discovered in the present work are not the artifact of a simple model of a film used. To prove this statement we demonstrate that these states exist when the dipole interaction between the nearest-neighbor layers is explicitly taken into account.
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| 10. |
- Anisimov, O., et al.
(author)
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Permafrost
- 2009
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In: Melting snow and ice: a call for action.. - 9788276662641 ; , s. 64-71
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 11. |
- Bokhorst, Stef, et al.
(author)
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Changing Arctic snow cover : A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:5, s. 516-537
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Galakhov, AV, et al.
(author)
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Influence of the Coulomb parameter U on partial densities of states of CuGeO3: Comparison with X-ray spectral data
- 2004
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In: European Physical Journal B. Condensed Matter and Complex Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028. ; 41:3, s. 295-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electronic structure of the strongly Coulomb correlated cuprate CuGeO3 has been calculated by the local-density-approximation method (LDA+U). The parameter U was varied from 0 to 8 eV. The results of the band-structure calculations are compared with experimental data obtained by means of X-ray photoelectron and resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy methods (Cu Lalpha and O Kalpha X-ray emission spectra). It is established that a LDA+U calculation with U = 4 eV reproduces well the X-ray photoelectron and X-ray resonant emission spectral data.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Korhonen, Emilia A., et al.
(author)
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Lymphangiogenesis requires Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling for VEGFR3 cell-surface expression
- 2022
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In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 132:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) induces lymphangiogenesis via VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3), which is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in human primary lymphedema. Angiopoietins (Angs) and their Tie receptors regulate lymphatic vessel development, and mutations of the ANGPT2 gene were recently found in human primary lymphedema. However, the mechanistic basis of Ang2 activity in lymphangiogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we used gene deletion, blocking Abs, transgene induction, and gene transfer to study how Ang2, its Tie2 receptor, and Tie1 regulate lymphatic vessels. We discovered that VEGF-C???induced Ang2 secretion from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was involved in full Akt activation downstream of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K). Neonatal deletion of genes encoding the Tie receptors or Ang2 in LECs, or administration of an Ang2-blocking Ab decreased VEGFR3 presentation on LECs and inhibited lymphangiogenesis. A similar effect was observed in LECs upon deletion of the PI3K catalytic p110?? subunit or with small -molecule inhibition of a constitutively active PI3K located downstream of Ang2. Deletion of Tie receptors or blockade of Ang2 decreased VEGF-C???induced lymphangiogenesis also in adult mice. Our results reveal an important crosstalk between the VEGF-C and Ang signaling pathways and suggest new avenues for therapeutic manipulation of lymphangiogenesis by targeting Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling.
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| 16. |
- Kutcherov, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Glass transition in crude oil under pressure detected by the transient hot-wire method
- 1993
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In: International journal of thermophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0195-928X .- 1572-9567. ; 14:1, s. 91-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transition to the glassy state has been found in viscous crude oil with the transient hot-wire technique. The thermal conductivity and the specific heat per unit volume of the heavy Usinsk oil have been measured up to 1 GPa in the temperature range 200-400 K. The glass transition temperature was defined as the temperature of halfway change of the specific heat. It has also been found that the higher the pressure, the narrower the glass transition region, i.e., the steeper the specific-heat change in this region. The nature of glass transitions in crude oils is discussed.
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| 17. |
- Kutcherov, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Glass transition in viscous crude oils under pressure
- 1994
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In: International journal of thermophysics. - : Springer Nature. - 0195-928X .- 1572-9567. ; 15:1, s. 165-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transitions to the glassy state in viscous crude oils have been investigated at high pressures by the transient hot-wire method, by differential scanning calorimetry, and by equation-of-state measurements. The range of pressures investigated was up to 1.2 GPa in the temperature interval 150-370 K. The glass transition in crude oils is a common phenomenon and occurs due to the viscosity increase on decreasing the temperature or increasing the pressure. The actual transition coordinates depend not only on physical properties but also on the characteristic experimental time.
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| 18. |
- Leonov, I, et al.
(author)
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Emergence of quantum critical charge and spin-state fluctuations near the pressure-induced Mott transition in MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO
- 2020
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In: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 101:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We perform a comprehensive theoretical study of the pressure-induced evolution of the electronic structure, magnetic state, and phase stability of the late transition metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO using a fully charge self-consistent DFT-Pdynamical mean-field theory method. Our results reveal that the pressure-induced Mott insulator-to-metal phase transition in MnO-NiO is accompanied by a simultaneous collapse of local magnetic moments and lattice volume, implying a complex interplay between chemical bonding and electronic correlations. We compute the pressure-induced evolution of relative weights of the different valence states and spin-state configurations. Employing the concept of fluctuating valence in a correlated solid, we demonstrate that in MnO, FeO, and CoO a Mott insulator-metal transition and collapse of the local moments is accompanied by a sharp crossover of the spin-state and valence configurations. Our microscopic explanation of the magnetic collapse differs from the accepted picture and points out a remarkable dynamical coexistence (frustration) of the high-, intermediate-, and low-spin states. In particular, in MnO, the magnetic collapse is found to be driven by the appearance of the intermediate-spin state (IS), competing with the low-spin (LS) state; in FeO, we observe a conventional high-spin to low-spin (HS-LS) crossover. Most interestingly, in CoO, we obtain a remarkable (dynamical) coexistence of the HS and LS states, i.e., a HS-LS frustration, up to high pressure. Our results demonstrate the importance of quantum fluctuations of the valence and spin states for the understanding of quantum criticality of the Mott transitions.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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