| 1. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Acute and chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors exert opposite effects on respiration in rats: possible implications for panic disorder.
- 2009
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In: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7285 .- 0269-8811. ; 24:12, s. 1793-1801
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prompted by the suggested importance of respiration for the pathophysiology of panic disorder, we studied the influence of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) as well as other serotonin-modulating compounds on respiration in freely moving rats. The effect on respiration after acute administration of compounds enhancing synaptic levels of serotonin, that is, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and fluoxetine, the serotonin-releasing agents m-chlorophenylpiperazine and d-fenfluramine, and the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635, were investigated. All serotonin-releasing substances decreased respiratory rate in unrestrained, awake animals, suggesting the influence of serotonin on respiratory rate under these conditions to be mainly inhibitory. In line with a previous study, rats administered fluoxetine for 23 days or more, on the other hand, displayed an enhanced respiratory rate. The results reinforce the assumption that the effect of subchronic administration of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor on certain serotonin-regulated parameters may be opposite to that obtained after acute administration. We suggest that our observations may be of relevance for the fact that acute administration of SRIs, d-fenfluramine, or m-chlorophenylpiperazine often is anxiogenic in panic disorder patients, and that weeks of administration of an SRI leads to a very effective prevention of panic.
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| 2. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder: A replication
- 2010
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In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 178:1, s. 196-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder was studied in a Swedish sample of 211 patients and 452 controls. We found a significant excess of the Val allele in both male and female patients, the latter but not the former finding being in line with previous studies.
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| 3. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and monoamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2010
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In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 179:2, s. 231-234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression and panic disorder, may influence monoamine activity. A well-established technique for assessing brain monoamine turnover in humans is to measure concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus investigated possible associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in a population of healthy male subjects. After having found such an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this sample, I carriers displaying lower levels, we tried to replicate this observation in a population of violent male offenders from which also both CSF and DNA were available. Also in this sample, the same associations were found. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a role in the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic turnover in men. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met polymorphism is associated with abdominal obesity and blood pressure in men.
- 2008
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In: Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 57:5, s. 708-711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) degrades catecholamines and estrogens, both of which are of known importance for cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and hypertension. The gene coding for COMT contains a val158-met polymorphism that exerts a considerable influence on enzymatic activity. We hypothesized that this polymorphism might influence risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Deoxyribonucleic acid samples and data regarding blood pressure and anthropometry were collected from 240 Swedish men, all 51 years old. Subjects homozygous for the low-activity allele (met) displayed higher blood pressure, heart rate, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal sagittal diameter as compared with heterozygous subjects, who in turn displayed higher blood pressure, heart rate, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal sagittal diameter than subjects homozygous for the high-activity allele (val). All measured variables were significantly correlated; however, the associations between COMT val158-met and cardiovascular variables, and the association between COMT val158-met and anthropometry, respectively, were partly independent of each other, as revealed by multiple linear regression.
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| 5. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974
(author)
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On the association between panic disorder and autonomic regulation – With special focus on the roles of respiration and on the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background and aims: Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by sudden attacks of intense anxiety. It displays a lot of features suggesting that it may be associated with an underlying aberration in the autonomic regulation of heart activity and respiration: i) the attacks are often characterized by respiratory symptoms and symptoms from the heart, ii) the attacks can be elicited by respiratory stimulants, iii) between attacks, patients with panic disorder often display enhanced respiratory variability and reduced heart rate variability, and iv) patients with panic disorder display enhanced prevalence of respiratory disorders and enhanced mortality in cardiovascular disease. Addressing the reasons for these physiological aberrations may help in elucidating the pathophysiology underlying panic disorder, and shed light on why this disorder is associated with enhanced mortality in cardiovascular disease. Serotonin is believed to be a neurotransmitter of great importance for panic disorder, as well as for the regulation of respiration: one main purpose of the animal studies presented in this thesis hence was to increase our knowledge regarding the role of serotonin in respiratory regulation, the hypothesis being that aberrations in respiration may cause the anxiety attacks, and that serotonin-modulating drugs may prevent panic attacks partly by stabilizing the regulation of respiration. In the first part of the thesis, data is presented on the effects on respiration in freely moving rats of various serotonergic compounds. The second part of this thesis is focused on genetic variations that may be associated with panic disorder. Orexin is a neuropeptide of suggested importance for both respiratory regulation and arousal. We investigated two polymorphisms in the orexin receptors 1 and 2, HCRTR1 Ile408Val and HCRTR2 Val308Iso, in panic disorder patients and healthy controls. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that degrades catecholamines such as dopamine and noradrenaline, and may thus be of importance for both autonomic control and psychiatric symptoms. The functional Val158Met polymorphism in this gene has been associated with panic disorder in several studies; in an attempt to replicate this finding, we genotyped this polymorphism in the same group of panic disorder patients. In a separate cohort, we also explored if the same polymorphism is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Observations: 1) Serotonin depletion with para-chlorophenylalanine decreased respiratory rate and increased respiratory variability. 2) Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors increased respiratory rate. 3) Acute treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as the serotonin releasing drugs d-fenfluramine and m-CPP, and the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635, decreased respiratory rate. 4) The HCRTR2 Val308Iso polymorphism was significantly associated with panic disorder in women. 5) In line with previous studies in Caucasian samples, the COMT Val158 allele was significantly more frequent in PD patients than controls. 6) Met158 allele carriers displayed significantly higher waist-hip-ratio, sagittal diameter, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, than Val158 allele carriers in a population of healthy men. Conclusions: Our results suggest that serotonin exert a modulatory role on respiration, and support the notion that an influence on respiration may contribute both to the anxiogenic and the anti-panic effects of serotonergic drugs. The association between panic disorder and the hypocretin receptor-2 Val308Iso polymorphism is a novel finding in need of replication, whereas the association between panic disorder and the COMT Val158 allele can by now be regarded as confirmed. The association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and cardiovascular risk factors is of interest, but does not support the theory that this polymorphism contributes to the enhanced mortality in cardiovascular disease seen in panic disorder patients.
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| 6. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Panic disorder is associated with the Val308Iso polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor gene
- 2011
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In: PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS. - : Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 21:2, s. 85-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Orexin A and B are neuropeptides influencing, for example, arousal and respiration. Although panic disorder is characterized by both enhanced proneness for arousal and by respiratory abnormalities, the possible influence of orexin-related genes on the risk of developing this disorder has not been studied until now. Methods We have analyzed the Ile408Val polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor 1 (HCRTR1) gene and the Val308Iso (G1246A) polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2) gene in a sample of 215 panic disorder patients and 454 controls. Results Although the polymorphism in the HCRTR1 did not differ between groups, the Iso allele of the HCRTR2 polymorphism was significantly more frequent in patients than in controls. After the population was divided according to sex, the association between the Iso allele of the Val308Iso polymorphism and panic disorder was observed only in female patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that the HCRTR2 polymorphism may be of importance for the pathophysiology of panic disorder. The results should be regarded as preliminary until replicated in an independent sample. This indicates that further research on the possible role of orexin in panic disorder may prove rewarding.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Serotonin depletion increases respiratory variability in freely moving rats: implications for panic disorder.
- 2003
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In: The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP). - 1469-5111. ; 6:1, s. 51-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To elucidate if serotonergic transmission affects respiratory variability, a parameter consistently found increased in patients with panic disorder, we studied the effect of a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), on respiratory variability at baseline and during CO2-induced hyperventilation in awake and unrestrained rats. Forty male Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of PCPA (300 mg/kg) or saline 72, 48 and 24 h before registration of respiration in a plethysmograph allowing the animals to move freely. PCPA-treated rats displayed significantly higher tidal volume variability and minute volume variability, both at baseline and during CO2 exposure, compared to controls. The results support the notion that serotonin dysfunction may contribute to the enhanced respiratory variability observed in patients with panic disorder.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- de Frias, Cindy M., et al.
(author)
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Catechol O-Methyltransferase Val¹-sup-5-sup-8 Met Polymorphism is Associated with Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Adults.
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 17:7, s. 1018-1025
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is essential in the metabolic degradation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we examined the effect of a Val¹-sup-5-sup-8Met polymorphism in the COMT gene on individual differences and changes in cognition (executive functions and visuospatial ability) in adulthood and old age. The participants were 292 nondemented men (initially aged 35-85 years) from a random sample of the population (i.e., the Betula study) tested at two occasions with a 5-year interval. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the underlying structure of three indicators of executive functions (verbal fluency, working memory, and Tower of Hanoi). Associations between COMT, age, executive functioning, and visuospatial (block design) tasks were examined using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Carriers of the Val allele (with higher enzyme activity) compared with carriers of the Met/Met genotype (with low enzyme activity) performed worse on executive functioning and visuospatial tasks. Individuals with the /Val genotype declined in executive functioning over the 5-year period, whereas carriers of the Met allele remained stable in performance. An Age × COMT interaction for visuospatial ability located the effect for middle-aged men only. This COMT polymorphism is a plausible candidate gene for executive functioning and fluid intelligence in nondemented middle-aged and older adults.
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| 11. |
- de Frias, Cindy M, et al.
(author)
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Catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism is associated with cognitive performance in nondemented adults.
- 2005
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In: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - Cambridge : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 17:7, s. 1018-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is essential in the metabolic degradation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we examined the effect of a Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene on individual differences and changes in cognition (executive functions and visuospatial ability) in adulthood and old age. The participants were 292 nondemented men (initially aged 35-85 years) from a random sample of the population (i.e., the Betula study) tested at two occasions with a 5-year interval. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the underlying structure of three indicators of executive functions (verbal fluency, working memory, and Tower of Hanoi). Associations between COMT, age, executive functioning, and visuospatial (block design) tasks were examined using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Carriers of the Val allele (with higher enzyme activity) compared with carriers of the Met/Met genotype (with low enzyme activity) performed worse on executive functioning and visuospatial tasks. Individuals with the Val/Val genotype declined in executive functioning over the 5-year period, whereas carriers of the Met allele remained stable in performance. An Age x COMT interaction for visuospatial ability located the effect for middle-aged men only. This COMT polymorphism is a plausible candidate gene for executive functioning and fluid intelligence in nondemented middle-aged and older adults.
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| 12. |
- de Frias, Cindy M, et al.
(author)
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COMT gene polymorphism is associated with declarative memory in adulthood and old age.
- 2004
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In: Behavior genetics. - New York : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 34:5, s. 533-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Variation in memory performance is to a large extent explained by genes. In the prefrontal cortex, the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is essential in the metabolic degradation of dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in cognitive functions. The present study examined the effect of a polymorphism in the COMT gene on individual differences and changes in memory in adulthood and old age. Tests assessing episodic and semantic memory were administered to 286 men (initially aged 35-85 years) from a random sample of the population (i.e., the Betula prospective cohort study) at two occasions followed over a 5-year period. Carriers of the Met/Met genotype (with low enzyme activity) performed better on episodic and semantic memory, as compared to carriers of the Val allele (with higher enzyme activity). Division of episodic memory into its recall and recognition components showed that the difference was specific to episodic recall, not recognition tasks; an effect that was observed across three age groups (middle-age, young-old, and old-old adults) and over a 5-year period. The COMT gene is a plausible candidate gene for memory functioning in adulthood and old age.
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| 13. |
- de Frias, Cindy M., et al.
(author)
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Influence of COMT Gene Polymorphism on fMRI-assessed Sustained and Transient Activity during a Working Memory Task
- 2010
-
In: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 22:7, s. 1614-1622
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene-encoding an enzyme that is essential for the degradation of dopamine (DA) in prefrontal cortex (PFC)-contains a single nucleotide polymorphism (val/met) important for cognition. According to the tonic-phasic hypothesis, individuals carrying the low-enzyme- activity allele (met) are characterized by enhanced tonic DA activity in PFC, promoting sustained cognitive representations in working memory. Val carriers have reduced tonic but enhanced phasic dopaminergic activity in subcortical regions, enhancing cognitive flexibility. We tested the tonic-phasic DA hypothesis by dissociating sustained and transient brain activity during performance on a 2-back working memory test using mixed blocked/event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were men recruited from a random sample of the population (the Betula study) and consisted of 11 met/met and 11 val/val carriers aged 50 to 65 years, matched on age, education, and cognitive performance. There were no differences in 2-back performance between genotype groups. Met carriers displayed a greater transient medial temporal lobe response in the updating phase of working memory, whereas val carriers showed a greater sustained PFC activation in the maintenance phase. These results support the tonic-phasic theory of DA function in elucidating the specific phenotypic influence of the COMT val(158)met polymorphism on different components of working memory.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Greene, Meridith E, et al.
(author)
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Is the use of antidepressants associated with patient-reported outcomes following total hip replacement surgery?
- 2016
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 87:5, s. 444-451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose - Patients with anxiety and/or depression tend to report less pain reduction and less satisfaction with surgical treatment. We hypothesized that the use of antidepressants would be correlated to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 1 year after total hip replacement (THR), where increased dosage or discontinuation would be associated with worse outcomes. Patients and methods - THR cases with pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were selected from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (n = 9,092; women: n = 5,106). The PROMs were EQ-5D, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Charnley class, and VAS for satisfaction after surgery. These cases were merged with a national database of prescription purchases to determine the prevalence of antidepressant purchases. Regression analyses were performed where PROs were dependent variables and sex, age, Charnley class, preoperative pain, preoperative health-related quality of life (HRQoL), patient-reported anxiety/depression, and antidepressant use were independent variables. Results - Antidepressants were used by 10% of the cases (n = 943). Patients using antidepressants had poorer HRQoL and higher levels of pain before and after surgery and they experienced less satisfaction. Preoperative antidepressant use was independently associated with PROs 1 year after THR regardless of patient-reported anxiety/depression. Interpretation - Antidepressant usage before surgery was associated with reduced PROs after THR. Cases at risk of poorer outcomes may be identified through review of the patient's medical record. Clinicians are encouraged to screen for antidepressant use preoperatively, because their use may be associated with PROs after THR.
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Caroline, 1981, et al.
(author)
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A possible association between panic disorder and a polymorphism in the preproghrelin gene
- 2013
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In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 206:1, s. 22-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the preproghrelin gene are associated with anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, in humans. Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder, characterized by sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety in combination with somatic symptoms. The preproghrelin gene codes for two gut-derived circulating peptides that have been linked to anxiety-like behaviour in rodents: ghrelin (an orexigenic, pro-obesity hormone) and obestatin. In the present study, we genotyped three missense mutations in the preproghrelin gene in 215 patients suffering from panic disorder and in 451 controls. The A allele of the rs4684677 polymorphism was significantly associated with panic disorder, while there were no significant associations with the two other polymorphisms studied. We conclude that the rs4684677 (Gln90Leu) polymorphism in the preproghrelin gene may be associated with increased risk of panic disorder. It will be important to confirm these findings in additional panic disorder patient groups.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ho, Hoi-Por, 1962, et al.
(author)
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Association between a functional polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene and panic disorder in women.
- 2004
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 58:2, s. 109-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although genetic factors are known to be important risk factors for panic disorder there is as yet no conclusive data regarding specific gene variants. Prompted by evidence supporting progesterone to influence the pathophysiology of panic disorder, polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (G331A) and an insertion/deletion polymorphism (PROGINS) were investigated in 72 patients with panic disorder and 452 controls. The frequency of the A-allele of the G331A polymorphism was higher in panic disorder patients than in controls (p = 0.01). When male and female patients were analyzed separately, the association was observed in female patients only (p = 0.0009), with an odds ratio of 3.5. No differences between groups were observed for the PROGINS polymorphism. In conclusion, these data suggest that the G331A polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene may influence the risk for panic disorder in women.
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| 19. |
- Karanti, Alina (Aikaterini), et al.
(author)
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Patient educational level and management of bipolar disorder
- 2021
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In: Bjpsych Open. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 2056-4724. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Socioeconomic factors can affect healthcare management. Aims The aim was to investigate if patient educational attainment is associated with management of bipolar disorder. Method We included patients with bipolar disorder type 1 (n = 4289), type 2 (n = 4020) and not otherwise specified (n = 1756), from the Swedish National Quality Register for Bipolar Disorder (BipolaR). The association between patients' educational level and pharmacological and psychological interventions was analysed by binary logistic regression. We calculated odds ratios after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Results Higher education was associated with increased likelihood of receiving psychotherapy (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 91.22-1.46) and psychoeducation (adjusted odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.46), but with lower likelihood of receiving first-generation antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.94) and tricyclic antidepressants (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.97). Higher education was also associated with lower risk for compulsory in-patient care (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93). Conclusions Pharmacological and psychological treatment of bipolar disorder differ depending on patients' educational attainment. The reasons for these disparities remain to be explained.
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| 20. |
- Lochner, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Genetics and personality traits in patients with social anxiety disorder: a case-control study in South Africa.
- 2007
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In: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X. ; 17:5, s. 321-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is among the most common of all psychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence estimates ranging from 7% to 13%. Although there is evidence that SAD has a strong familial basis, there are few studies of potential candidate genes. In addition to a genetic association, there is also the possibility that temperamental risk factors for the disorder may be genetically transmitted. Against this background, our aims were threefold: i.) to compare patients and controls with respect to personality traits, ii.) to genotype a subgroup of these participants to investigate the role of genes encoding components of serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic (DA) pathways in patients with SAD and iii.) to compare differences in temperament dimensions between carriers of different (dominant vs. recessive) alleles for selected polymorphisms in SAD patients. METHODS: Sixty-three patients (n=63; 35 male, 28 female) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of generalized SAD and SPIN-scores >18, and age-matched control participants (n=150; 31 male, 119 female) were included in the study. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to measure behaviours associated with specific personality dimensions (i.e. temperament/character). DNA was extracted and genotyped to investigate the role of select candidate genes encoding components in serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways in mediating the development of SAD. To achieve this, the frequency of variants in 5-HT and DA genes was compared between a Caucasian subset of SAD patients (n=41) and a convenience sample of Caucasian controls (n=88), using case-control association analyses. We also investigated the frequency of variants in 5-HT and DA-related genes across temperament characteristics in SAD patients, using analyses of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Patients scored significantly higher on harm avoidance (p<0.001) but lower on novelty seeking (p=0.04) and self-directedness (p=0.004) compared to controls. In the Caucasian subset, there was a difference between patients and controls in distribution of the 5-HT(2A)T102C polymorphism, with significantly more patients harboring T-containing genotypes (T-containing genotypes: [T/T+T/C] vs. [C/C]) (chi2=7.55; p=0.012). Temperament dimensions did not, however, differ significantly between carriers of different (dominant vs. recessive) alleles for the 5-HT(2A)T102C polymorphism in SAD patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a possible role for the 5-HT(2A)T102C polymorphism in the development of SAD. To date genetic findings in SAD have been inconsistent; nevertheless, serotonergic variants, and their associations with temperaments (e.g. reward dependence) deserve further exploration, in the hope that endophenotypes relevant to SAD can ultimately be delineated.
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| 21. |
- Melchior, Lydia K, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Association between estrus cycle-related aggression and tidal volume variability in female Wistar rats.
- 2004
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 29:8, s. 1097-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Premenstrual dysphoria is characterized by symptoms such as irritability and depressed mood, present during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and disappearing shortly after the onset of menstruation. Subjects with premenstrual dysphoria have previously been reported to display enhanced respiratory variability, and to experience anxiety when exposed to panicogens, such as CO2. In the present study, the possible influence of the estrus cycle and estrus cycle-related aggression on respiratory variability was investigated in female rats of the Wistar strain. The rats were subdivided into two groups: those displaying estrus cycle-related aggression, as evaluated using the resident intruder paradigm, and those not showing aggression throughout the estrus cycle. This model has been developed to serve as an animal model of premenstrual irritability. The former group was found to display higher tidal volume variability in diestrus, as compared to the non-aggressive rats. There was no effect of estrus cycle phase on respiratory variability. These results are well in line with the clinical observation that women with premenstrual dysphoria display higher respiratory variability than controls, and the notion that respiratory variability is a parameter of interest in this context. In our opinion, they also strengthen the concept of this animal model as a model of premenstrual irritability.
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| 22. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Angiotensin-related genes in patients with panic disorder.
- 2004
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In: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1552-4841. ; 127:1, s. 81-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enhanced respiratory variability and decreased heart rate variability have repeatedly been observed in patients with panic disorder. Prompted by the notion that angiotensin may be involved in the control of respiration, heart rate variability, and anxiety-like behavior, we investigated the putative association between polymorphisms in three angiotensin-related genes and panic disorder-angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor type 1 (ATr1) in 72 patients with panic disorder and 504 controls. Allele and genotype distribution of the ATr1 A1166C allele and the AGT M235T did not differ between patients and controls. With respect to the ACE I/D polymorphism, the I allele was found to be more frequent in male (chi(2) = 8.042, df = 1, P = 0.005), but not female, panic disorder patients than in controls. The results of this investigation provide preliminary evidence for the suggestion that angiotensin-related genes may be associated with panic disorder in men.
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| 23. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Association between estrus cycle-related changes in respiration and estrus cycle-related aggression in outbred female Wistar rats.
- 2003
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In: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-133X. ; 28:4, s. 704-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is characterized by irritability surfacing during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and disappearing shortly after the onset of menstruation. Although the cardinal symptoms of premenstrual dysphoria are different from those of panic disorder, the two conditions share a number of traits indicating that they both may be associated with abnormalities in the regulation of respiration. Both subjects with panic disorder and subjects with premenstrual dysphoria are hence reported to display enhanced respiratory variability, and to experience anxiety when exposed to CO(2). In the present study, the possible influence of the estrus cycle on respiratory parameters in outbred female rats of the Wistar strain was investigated. Before being tested with respect to respiration, the rats were subdivided into two groups: those displaying estrus cycle-related variation in aggression, as evaluated using the resident intruder paradigm, and those not showing aggression throughout the cycle. Whereas the former group was found to display higher respiratory rate during the diestrus phase than during the proestrus/estrus phase, no cycle-related variation in respiration was observed in animals not showing cycle-related variation in aggression. The results support previous studies indicating that the estrus cycle exerts an influence on respiration, and suggest that rats prone to cycle-related aggression are more sensitive also to the influence of hormonal cyclicity on respiration. The possible bearing of these findings for the aberration in respiration displayed by subjects with premenstrual dysphoria is discussed.
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Intracerebroventricular administration of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin reduces respiratory rate and tidal volume variability in freely moving Wistar rats.
- 2004
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - 0306-4530. ; 29:1, s. 107-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The possible importance of intra-individual variations in respiratory rate and tidal volume has recently gained interest in psychiatric research, as a result of the observations that patients with panic disorder or premenstrual dysphoric disorder display enhanced respiratory variability as compared to controls. Although the role of brain neurotransmitters in the regulation of breathing has been extensively studied, as yet data on the central regulation of respiratory variability is sparse. Prompted by previous studies indicating that angiotensin II (ANG II) may influence ventilation as well as anxiety, we have studied the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of an ANG II receptor antagonist, saralasin, on respiratory variability in unrestrained, freely moving male Wistar rats. Treatment with saralasin, 5 mug dissolved in 1 mul saline followed by 9 mul saline in each lateral cerebral ventricle, did not influence tidal volume, but markedly reduced tidal volume variability (p=0.0005), as compared to saline injections (10 mul). Respiratory rate was reduced by saralasin (p=0.02), and there was also a non-significant tendency for a reduction in respiratory rate variability. Both minute volume (p=0.005) and volume/10 s variability (p=0.0006) were reduced. It is suggested that ANG II in the brain of Wistar rats may regulate respiratory rate and tidal volume variability.
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| 25. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Paroxetine influences respiration in rats: implications for the treatment of panic disorder.
- 2004
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In: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 14:1, s. 29-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since hyperventilation and shortness of breath are characteristic features of panic attacks, and since the attacks can be elicited by CO(2) inhalation, an involvement of central or peripheral chemoreceptors in the pathophysiology of panic disorder has been suggested. Prompted by clinical reports suggesting that the susceptibility to spontaneous as well as CO(2)-induced anxiety and hyperventilation is attenuated by serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), we undertook the present study in order to explore the possible effect of an SRI, paroxetine, on baseline respiration and CO(2)-induced hyperventilation in freely moving Wistar rats. A significant increase in baseline respiratory rate was seen both after 5 and 15 weeks of treatment with paroxetine. CO(2) exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in respiratory rate, but not tidal volume, in both paroxetine-treated rats and controls; this response was reduced after 15 weeks of paroxetine treatment, but not after 5 weeks of treatment. We suggest that an influence on the regulation of respiration may be of importance for the anti-panic effect of SRIs.
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| 26. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Respiratory responses to intravenous infusion of sodium lactate in male and female Wistar rats.
- 2002
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In: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - 0893-133X. ; 27:1, s. 85-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In patients with panic disorder or premenstrual dysphoria, anxiety attacks can be triggered by intravenous administration of sodium lactate. Since respiratory symptoms, such as hyperventilation and shortness of breath, are characteristic features of spontaneous as well as lactate-induced panic, an involvement of central or peripheral chemoreceptors in this reaction has been suggested. In the present study, we examined to what extent intravenous infusion of sodium lactate influences respiratory parameters in freely moving male and female Wistar rats. Prompted by clinical reports suggesting that the susceptibility to spontaneous and lactate-induced anxiety may be influenced by the menstrual cycle, we also investigated if the effect of lactate on respiration in female rats is estrus cycle-dependent. Male and ovariectomized female rats exposed to sodium lactate displayed a larger increase in respiratory rate than rats given an infusion of saline. In intact female rats, the response to lactate infusion was significantly more pronounced in the diestrus phase than in the proestrus/estrus phase of the cycle. It is concluded that sodium lactate is a respiratory stimulant in rat, and that this effect is influenced by female sex steroids.
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| 27. |
- Persson, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Läkemedelsriktlinjer för bipolär sjukdom följs i hög utsträckning.
- 2017
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In: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prescribed drug use for bipolar disorder type I and II in clinical practice Practice guidelines based on available evidence and clinical consensus are available for the treatment of bipolar disorder. We surveyed to which extent those guidelines are implemented in clinical practice in Sweden. We analysed pharmacological treatment in patients with bipolar disorder in 2015 using the national quality register for bipolar disorder (BipoläR). We compared bipolar disorder type I (BDI) with type bipolar disorder type II (BDII). The vast majority of patients were prescribed a mood stabilizer either as monotherapy or as a part of combination therapy (BDI 87%, BDII 83%, p<0.001). Whereas lithium was the most common mood stabilizer in type I (BDI 65%, BDII 40%, p<0.001), lamotrigine was the most common mood stabilizer in type II (BDI 18%, BDII 42%, p<0.001). Antidepressants were less common in BDI than BDII (35% vs. 53%, p<0.001). Antipsychotic drugs (first or second generation) were more frequently used in BDI than BDII (49% vs 35%, p<0.001). Central stimulants were rarely used (BDI 3.1%, BDII 6.6%, p<0.001). Combining a mood stabilizer with an antipsychotic drug was more common in BDI than BDII (27% vs. 12%, p<0.001), whereas combining a mood stabilizer with an antidepressant was less common in BDI than BDII (16% vs 28%, p<0.001). We conclude that most patients are prescribed mood stabilizers and that the differences between BDI and BDII are rational given the differences in clinical manifestations. The use of antidepressants is surprisingly high given the long-standing debate about the risk and effectiveness of this class in bipolar disorder.
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| 28. |
- Westberg, Lars, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Influence of androgen receptor repeat polymorphisms on personality traits in men
- 2009
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In: Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. - 1488-2434 .- 1180-4882. ; 34:3, s. 205-213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Testosterone has been attributed importance for various aspects of behaviour. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential influence of 2 functional polymorphisms in the amino terminal of the androgen receptor on personality traits in men. Methods We assessed and genotyped 141 men born in 1944 recruited from the general population. We used 2 different instruments: the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. For replication, we similarly assessed 63 men recruited from a forensic psychiatry study group. Results In the population-recruited sample, the lengths of the androgen receptor repeats were associated with neuroticism, extraversion and self-transcendence. The association with extraversion was replicated in the independent sample. Limitations Our 2 samples differed in size; sample 1 was of moderate size and sample 2 was small. In addition, the homogeneity of sample 1 probably enhanced our ability to detect significant associations between genotype and phenotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that the repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene may influence personality traits in men.
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