| 1. |
- Arnqvist, Goran, et al.
(author)
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Falsk marknadsföring om hållbart skogsbruk
- 2022
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In: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Dagens svenska skogsbruk är inte ekologiskt hållbart. Att saluföra det som hållbart är därför – för att tala klarspråk – falsk marknadsföring, skriver forskare.
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| 2. |
- Hotzy, Cosima, et al.
(author)
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Phenotypic Engineering Unveils the Function of Genital Morphology
- 2012
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2258-2261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rapidly evolving and often extraordinarily complex appearance of male genital morphology of internally fertilizing animals has been recognized for centuries [1]. Postcopulatory sexual selection is regarded as the likely evolutionary engine of this diversity [2], but direct support for this hypothesis is limited. We used two complementary approaches, evolution through artificial selection and microscale laser surgery, to experimentally manipulate genital morphology in an insect model system. We then assessed the competitive fertilization success of these phenotypically manipulated males and studied the fate of their ejaculate in females using high-resolution radioisotopic labeling of ejaculates. Males with longer genital spines were more successful in gaining fertilizations, providing experimental evidence that male genital morphology influences success in postcopulatory reproductive competition. Furthermore, a larger proportion of the ejaculate moved from the reproductive tract into the female body following mating with males with longer spines, suggesting that genital spines increase the rate at which seminal fluid passes into the female hemolymph. Our results show that genital morphology affects male competitive fertilization success and imply that sexual selection on genital morphology may be mediated in part through seminal fluid [3].
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| 3. |
- Immler, Simone, et al.
(author)
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Sperm variation within a single ejaculate affects offspring development in Atlantic salmon
- 2014
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In: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 10:2, s. 20131040-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is generally believed that variation in sperm phenotype within a single ejaculate has no consequences for offspring performance, because sperm phenotypes are thought not to reflect sperm genotypes. We show that variation in individual sperm function within an ejaculate affects the performance of the resulting offspring in the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. We experimentally manipulated the time between sperm activation and fertilization in order to select for sperm cohorts differing in longevity within single ejaculates of wild caught male salmon. We found that within-ejaculate variation in sperm longevity significantly affected offspring development and hence time until hatching. Whether these effects have a genetic or epigenetic basis needs to be further evaluated. However, our results provide experimental evidence for transgenerational effects of individual sperm function.
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| 4. |
- Littorin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment : A cohort study in young adults whose disease was initially labeled as type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes
- 1999
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In: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 22:3, s. 409-412
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To clarify the predictive value of islet cell antibody (ICA) and GAD65 antibody (GADA) present at diagnosis with respect to the need for insulin treatment 6 years after diagnosis in young adults initially considered to have type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:The patient material was representative of the entire Swedish population, consisting of patients who were 15-34 years old at diagnosis of diabetes in 1987-1988 but were not considered to have type 1 diabetes at onset. At follow-up, 6 years after the diagnosis, it was noted whether the patient was treated with insulin. The presence of ICA was determined by an immunofluorescence assay, and GADAs were measured by a radioligand assay.RESULTS:Six years after diagnosis, 70 of 97 patients were treated with insulin, and 27 of 97 patients were treated with oral drugs or diet alone. At diagnosis, ICAs and GADAs were present in 41 (59%) of 70 patients and 41 (60%) of 68 patients, respectively, of those now treated with insulin, compared with only 1 (4%) of 26 patients and 2 (7%) of 27 patients who were still not treated with insulin. For either ICA or GADA, the corresponding frequencies were 50 (74%) of 68 for patients who were later treated with insulin and 3 (12%) of 26 for those who were still not treated with insulin, respectively. The sensitivity for later insulin treatment was highest (74%) for the presence of ICA or GADA, and the specificity was highest (100%) for ICA and GADA. The positive predictive value was 100% for the combination of ICA and GADA, 98% for ICA alone, and approximately 95% for GADA alone.CONCLUSIONS:Determination of the presence of ICA and GADA at diagnosis of diabetes improves the classification of diabetes and predicts the future need of insulin in young adults.
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| 5. |
- South, Sandra H., et al.
(author)
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FEMALE PREFERENCE FOR MALE COURTSHIP EFFORT CAN DRIVE THE EVOLUTION OF MALE MATE CHOICE
- 2012
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In: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 66:12, s. 3722-3735
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolution of male mate choice is constrained by costs of choice in species with a male-biased operational sex ratio (OSR). Previous theoretical studies have shown that significant benefits of male choice are required, for example, by mating with more fecund females, in order for these costs to be offset and a male preference to spread. In a series of population genetic models we show the novel effect that male mating preference, expressed as a bias in courtship, can spread when females prefer, and thus are more likely to mate with, males who court more. We explore two female preference functions for levels of male courtship, one representing a threshold and the other a weighted female preference. The basic finding generally holds for both preference functions. However, the preference function greatly affects the spread of a male preference allele after the addition of competing males who can court more in total. Our results thus stress that a thorough understanding of the response of females to male courtship is a critical component to understanding male preference evolution in polygynous species.
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| 6. |
- Torffvit, Ole, et al.
(author)
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Early changes in glomerular size selectivity in young adults with type 1 diabetes and retinopathy. Results from the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-460X .- 1056-8727. ; 21:4, s. 246-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the relationship between early-onset retinopathy and urinary markers of renal dysfunction. Research Design and Methods: The Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) aims to register all new cases of diabetes in young adults (15-34 years). In 1987-1988, 806 patients were reported and later invited to participate in a follow-up study focusing on microvascular complications after similar to 10 years of diabetes. In the present study, 149 patients with type I diabetes, completed eye examination, and urine sampling were included. Results: The patients with retinopathy (n=58, 39%) had higher HbA(1c), (P<.001) and urinary IgG2/creatinine (P<.05) and IgG2/IgG4 ratios (P<.05). Patients with maculopathy had the highest levels. No significant differences in urinary albumin/creatinine, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/creatinine, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)/creatinine, and IgG4/creatinine ratios were found. Women had higher urinary albumin/ creatinine (P<.01) and urinary IgG2/creatinine ratios (P<.01) than men. Conclusions: Young adults with type I diabetes and early-onset retinopathy had higher IgG2/creatinine and IgG2/IgG4 ratios than patients without retinopathy indicating that retinopathy is associated with a change in glomerular size selectivity. This was found in association with normal urinary albumin and THP excretion and may be suspected to reflect early general vascular changes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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