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| 2. |
- Halliday, Alison, et al.
(author)
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10-year stroke prevention after successful carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic stenosis (ACST-1) : A multicentre randomised trial
- 2010
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 376:9746, s. 1074-1084
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background If carotid artery narrowing remains asymptomatic (ie, has caused no recent stroke or other neurological symptoms), successful carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke incidence for some years. We assessed the long-term effects of successful CEA. Methods Between 1993 and 2003, 3120 asymptomatic patients from 126 centres in 30 countries were allocated equally, by blinded minimised randomisation, to immediate CEA (median delay 1 month, IQR 0·3-2·5) or to indefinite deferral of any carotid procedure, and were followed up until death or for a median among survivors of 9 years (IQR 6-11). The primary outcomes were perioperative mortality and morbidity (death or stroke within 30 days) and non-perioperative stroke. Kaplan-Meier percentages and logrank p values are from intention-to-treat analyses. This study is registered, number ISRCTN26156392. Findings 1560 patients were allocated immediate CEA versus 1560 allocated deferral of any carotid procedure. The proportions operated on while still asymptomatic were 89·7 versus 4·8 at 1 year (and 92·1 vs 16·5 at 5 years). Perioperative risk of stroke or death within 30 days was 3·0 (95 CI 2·4-3·9; 26 non-disabling strokes plus 34 disabling or fatal perioperative events in 1979 CEAs). Excluding perioperative events and non-stroke mortality, stroke risks (immediate vs deferred CEA) were 4·1 versus 10·0 at 5 years (gain 5·9, 95 CI 4·0-7·8) and 10·8 versus 16·9 at 10 years (gain 6·1, 2·7-9·4); ratio of stroke incidence rates 0·54, 95 CI 0·43-0·68, p<0·0001. 62 versus 104 had a disabling or fatal stroke, and 37 versus 84 others had a non-disabling stroke. Combining perioperative events and strokes, net risks were 6·9 versus 10·9 at 5 years (gain 4·1, 2·0-6·2) and 13·4 versus 17·9 at 10 years (gain 4·6, 1·2-7·9). Medication was similar in both groups; throughout the study, most were on antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapy. Net benefits were significant both for those on lipid-lowering therapy and for those not, and both for men and for women up to 75 years of age at entry (although not for older patients). Interpretation Successful CEA for asymptomatic patients younger than 75 years of age reduces 10-year stroke risks. Half this reduction is in disabling or fatal strokes. Net benefit in future patients will depend on their risks from unoperated carotid lesions (which will be reduced by medication), on future surgical risks (which might differ from those in trials), and on whether life expectancy exceeds 10 years. Funding UK Medical Research Council, BUPA Foundation, Stroke Association.
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| 3. |
- Dickie, B., et al.
(author)
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A community-endorsed open-source lexicon for contrast agent-based perfusion MRI: A consensus guidelines report from the ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI)
- 2024
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In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - 0740-3194. ; 91:5, s. 1761-1773
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This manuscript describes the ISMRM OSIPI (Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging) lexicon for dynamic contrast-enhanced and dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI. The lexicon was developed by Taskforce 4.2 of OSIPI to provide standardized definitions of commonly used quantities, models, and analysis processes with the aim of reducing reporting variability. The taskforce was established in February 2020 and consists of medical physicists, engineers, clinicians, data and computer scientists, and DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard experts. Members of the taskforce collaborated via a slack channel and quarterly virtual meetings. Members participated by defining lexicon items and reporting formats that were reviewed by at least two other members of the taskforce. Version 1.0.0 of the lexicon was subject to open review from the wider perfusion imaging community between January and March 2022, and endorsed by the Perfusion Study Group of the ISMRM in the summer of 2022. The initial scope of the lexicon was set by the taskforce and defined such that it contained a basic set of quantities, processes, and models to enable users to report an end-to-end analysis pipeline including kinetic model fitting. We also provide guidance on how to easily incorporate lexicon items and definitions into free-text descriptions (e.g., in manuscripts and other documentation) and introduce an XML-based pipeline encoding format to encode analyses using lexicon definitions in standardized and extensible machine-readable code. The lexicon is designed to be open-source and extendable, enabling ongoing expansion of its content. We hope that widespread adoption of lexicon terminology and reporting formats described herein will increase reproducibility within the field.
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| 5. |
- Sorelius, Karl, et al.
(author)
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The Microbiology of Infective Native Aortic Aneurysms in a Population-Based Setting
- 2022
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In: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0890-5096 .- 1615-5947. ; 78, s. 112-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to describe the microbiology of surgically treated infective native (mycotic) aortic aneurysms (INAAs), and associated survival and development of infection-related complications (IRCs). Methods: Data were pooled from 2 nationwide studies on surgically treated patients with INAAs in Sweden, between 1994 - 2016. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to culture results: 1) Staphylococcus aureus, 2) Streptococcus species (sp.), 3) Salmonella sp., 4) Enterococcus sp., 5) Gram-negative intestinal bacteria, 6) Other sp. (all other species found in culture), and 7) Negative cultures. Results: A sum of 182 patients were included, mean age 71 years (standard deviation; SD: 8.9). The median follow-up was 50.3 months (range 0 - 360). 128 (70.3%) patients had positive blood and/or tissue culture; Staphylococcus aureus n = 38 (20.9%), Streptococcus sp. n = 37 (20.3%), Salmonella sp. n = 19 (10.4%), Enterococcus sp. n = 16 (8.8%), Gram-negative intestinal bacteria n = 6, (3.3%), Other sp. n = 12 (6.6%) and Negative cultures n = 54 (29.7%). The estimated survival for the largest groups at 2-years after surgery was: Staphylococcus aureus 62% (95% Confidence interval 53.9 - 70.1), Streptococcus sp. 74.7% (67.4 - 82.0), Salmonella sp. 73.7% (63.6 - 83.8), Enterococcus sp. 61.9% (49.6 - 74.2), and Negative cultures 89.8% (85.5 - 94.1), P =.051. There were 37 IRCs (20.3%), and 19 (51.4%) were fatal, the frequency was insignificant between the groups. The majority of IRCs, 30/37 (81%), developed during the first postoperative year. Conclusion: In this assessment of microbiological findings of INAAs in Sweden, 50% of the pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., or Salmonella sp.. The overall 20%-frequency of IRCs, and its association with high mortality, motivates long-term antibiotic treatment regardless of microbial findings.
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| 7. |
- Mahout, G., et al.
(author)
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Irradiation studies of multimode optical fibres for use in ATLAS front-end links
- 2000
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 446:3, s. 426-434
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The radiation tolerance of three multimode optical fibres has been investigated to establish their suitability for the use in the front-end data links of the ATLAS experiment. Both gamma and neutron irradiation studies are reported. A step-index fibre with a pure silica core showed an induced attenuation of similar to 0.05 dB/m at 330 kGy(Si) and 1 x 10(15) n(1 MeV Si)/cm(2) and is suitable for use with the inner detector links which operate at 40-80 Mb/s. A graded-index fibre with a predominantly germanium-doped core exhibits an induced attenuation of similar to 0.1 dB/m at 800 Gy(Si) and 2 x 10(13) n(1 MeV Si)/cm(2) and is suitable for the calorimeter links which operate at 1.6 Gb/s. Measurements of the dose rate dependence of the induced attenuation indicate that the attenuation in ATLAS will be lower.
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| 8. |
- Nordström, E. Arvidsson, et al.
(author)
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V®) : Three decades of research
- 2021
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In: Beneficial microbes. - 1876-2883. ; 12:5, s. 441-465
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.
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| 10. |
- Skedung, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Tribology, texture and touch
- 2014
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In: 5th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2013. - 9781634393522 ; , s. 2270-2273
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 14. |
- Brond, J. C., et al.
(author)
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Generating ActiGraph Counts from Raw Acceleration Recorded by an Alternative Monitor
- 2017
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In: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131. ; 49:11, s. 2351-2360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This study aimed to implement an aggregation method in Matlab for generating ActiGraph counts from raw acceleration recorded with an alternative accelerometer device and to investigate the validity of the method. Methods: The aggregation method, including the frequency band-pass filter, was implemented and optimized based on standardized sinusoidal acceleration signals generated in Matlab and processed in the ActiLife software. Evaluating the validity of the aggregation method was approached using a mechanical setup and with a 24-h free-living recording using a convenient sample of nine subjects. Counts generated with the aggregation method applied to Axivity AX3 raw acceleration data were compared with counts generated with ActiLife from ActiGraph GT3X+ data. Results: An optimal band-pass filter was fitted resulting in a root-mean-square error of 25.7 counts per 10 s and mean absolute error of 15.0 counts per second across the full frequency range. The mechanical evaluation of the proposed aggregation method resulted in an absolute mean +/- SD difference of -0.11 +/- 0.97 counts per 10 s across all rotational frequencies compared with the original ActiGraph method. Applying the aggregation method to the 24-h free-living recordings resulted in an epoch level bias ranging from -16.2 to 0.9 counts per 10 s, a relative difference in the averaged physical activity (counts per minute) ranging from -0.5% to 4.7% with a group mean +/- SD of 2.2% +/- 1.7%, and a Cohen' s kappa of 0.945, indicating almost a perfect agreement in the intensity classification. Conclusion: The proposed band-pass filter and aggregation method is highly valid for generating ActiGraph counts from raw acceleration data recorded with alternative devices. It would facilitate comparability between studies using different devices collecting raw acceleration data.
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| 15. |
- Brond, J. C., et al.
(author)
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Simple Method for the Objective Activity Type Assessment with Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents
- 2020
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In: Children. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 7:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:The objective and accurate assessment of children's sedentary and physical behavior is important for investigating their relation to health. The purpose of this study is to validate a simple and robust method for the identification of sitting, standing, walking, running and biking performed by preschool children, children and adolescents in the age from 3 to 16 years from a single thigh-worn accelerometer.Method:A total of 96 children were included in the study and all subjects followed a structured activity protocol performed in the subject's normal kindergarten or school environment. Thigh acceleration was measured using the Axivity AX3 (Axivity, Newcastle, UK) device. Method development and accuracy was evaluated by equally dividing the subjects into a development and test group.Results:The sensitivity and specificity for identifying sitting and standing was above 99.3% and for walking and running above 82.6% for all age groups. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying biking was above 85.8% for children and adolescents and above 64.8% for the preschool group using running bikes.Conclusion:The accurate assessment of sitting, standing, walking, running and biking from thigh acceleration and with children in the age range of 3 to 16 is valid, although not with preschool children using running bikes.
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| 22. |
- Lehtimaki, L., et al.
(author)
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Regional variation in intensity of inhaled asthma medication and oral corticosteroid use in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
- 2022
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In: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are often prescribed to patients with asthma that remains uncontrolled with maintenance therapy. We performed a real-world analysis to describe the geographic distributions of patients with asthma and OCS dispensed in Nordic countries. This observational, retrospective study examined patient-level data from nationally prescribed drug registries from January to December 2018 for individuals aged >= 12 years in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Using an algorithm based on asthma treatment combinations defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), we identified patients with asthma, those on GINA Step 4-5 treatments, and those being dispensed >= 2 courses of OCS and determined volumes of OCS dispensed to these patients over the 1-year analysis period. Data were plotted geographically within each country using colour-coded heat maps. The overall asthma prevalence rates were 7.4% in Denmark, 11.6% in Finland, and 8.1% in Sweden. In Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, respectively, the frequencies of patients on GINA Step 4-5 treatments were 19%, 15%, and 16%; among whom 10%, 23%, and 5% received courses of OCS. The rates of patients on GINA Step 4-5 treatments who were dispensed OCS in each country were 23%, 30%, and 46%, of which 22%, 17%, and 10% were dispensed doses averaging >= 5 mg/day over the year. Heat maps revealed considerable heterogeneity in geographic densities of patients with asthma and OCS claims within each country. Taken together, these results demonstrate regional variations in estimated asthma severity, control, and OCS dispensed within and between countries. Patterns of medication use suggest that a high proportion of patients in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden are on GINA Step 4-5 treatments, many of whom are dispensed OCS; this poses a considerable corticosteroid burden to these patients. Geographic differences in medication use within and between Nordic countries may reflect variations in population characteristics and/or treatment approaches.
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| 23. |
- Liimatainen, H., et al.
(author)
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Energy efficiency of road freight hauliers-A Nordic comparison
- 2014
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 67, s. 378-387
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to promote policy targets for decarbonising road freight, it is important to gain knowledge on the current energy efficiency practices of hauliers in various countries. This research aimed to provide such knowledge to enable international comparison of the energy efficiency practices of road freight hauliers. This was achieved by replicating the Finnish haulier survey in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Energy efficiency index was developed to provide a simple metric for international comparison. The EEI covers various aspects of energy efficiency to provide a comprehensive outlook into the issue. The monitoring practices are fairly similar in all four countries, with typical monitoring done manually when filling the tank and data kept on a computer. Tonne-kilometre data is rarely monitored, but some other performance measures may be used. Current level of implementation of various energy efficiency actions is rather similar between the four countries. The simple and inexpensive actions, like choosing the lorry according to the cargo and idling avoidance, are most widely implemented. The energy efficiency index developed in this research proved to be a very useful tool for comparing the hauliers in the four countries. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 24. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(author)
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Combined Etanercept, GAD-alum and vitamin D treatment: an open pilot trial to preserve beta cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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In: Diabetes-Metabolism Research and Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim We aimed to study the feasibility and tolerability of a combination therapy consisting of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-alum), Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and evaluate preservation of beta cell function. Material and Methods Etanercept Diamyd Combination Regimen is an open-labelled multi-centre study pilot trial which enrolled 20 GAD antibodies positive T1D patients (7 girls and 13 boys), aged (mean +/- SD): 12.4 +/- 2.3 (8.3-16.1) years, with a diabetes duration of 81.4 +/- 22.1 days. Baseline fasting C-peptide was 0.24 +/- 0.1 (0.10-0.35) nmol/l. The patients received Day 1-450 Vitamin D (Calciferol) 2000 U/d per os, Etanercept sc Day 1-90 0.8 mg/kg once a week and GAD-alum sc injections (20 mu g, Diamyd (TM)) Day 30 and 60. They were followed for 30 months. Results No treatment related serious adverse events were observed. After 6 months 90-min stimulated C-peptide had improved in 8/20 patients and C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) after Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in 5 patients, but declined thereafter, while HbA1c and insulin requirement remained close to baseline. Administration of Etanercept did not reduce tumour necrosis factor (TNF) spontaneous secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but rather GAD65-induced TNF-alpha increased. Spontaneous interleukin-17a secretion increased after the administration of Etanercept, and GAD65-induced cytokines and chemokines were also enhanced following 1 month of Etanercept administration. Conclusions Combination therapy with parallel treatment with GAD-alum, Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was feasible and tolerable but had no beneficial effects on the autoimmune process or beta cell function.
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| 25. |
- Nandi, Ganesh C., et al.
(author)
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Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling of vinylbromides and sulfonimidamides : a facile synthesis of N '-vinylsulfonimidamides
- 2015
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:76, s. 62084-62090
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- N'-Vinyl sulfonimidamides have been synthesized through a Pd-catalyzed C-N cross coupling between the N'-(imine nitrogen) of N'-deprotected sulfonimidamides and vinyl bromides. The hitherto unreported products were obtained in moderate to excellent yield, and the C-C double bond geometry of the vinylic substrates were retained during the course of reaction. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the product structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the formed N'-vinyl sulfonimidamides could undergo hydrogenation with Pd-C/H-2 to provide N'-alkyl sulfonimidamides.
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