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- Vernant, P, et al.
(author)
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Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman
- 2004
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In: Geophysical Journal International. - 0956-540X .- 1365-246X. ; 157:1, s. 381-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A network of 27 GPS sites was implemented in Iran and northern Oman to measure displacements in this part of the Alpine–Himalayan mountain belt. We present and interpret the results of two surveys performed in 1999 September and 2001 October. GPS sites in Oman show northward motion of the Arabian Plate relative to Eurasia slower than the NUVEL-1A estimates (e.g. 22 ± 2 mm yr−1 at N8°± 5°E instead of 30.5 mm yr−1 at N6°E at Bahrain longitude). We define a GPS Arabia–Eurasia Euler vector of 27.9°± 0.5°N, 19.5°± 1.4°E, 0.41°± 0.1° Myr−1. The Arabia–Eurasia convergence is accommodated differently in eastern and western Iran. East of 58°E, most of the shortening is accommodated by the Makran subduction zone (19.5 ± 2 mm yr−1) and less by the Kopet-Dag (6.5 ± 2 mm yr−1). West of 58°E, the deformation is distributed in separate fold and thrust belts. At the longitude of Tehran, the Zagros and the Alborz mountain ranges accommodate 6.5 ± 2 mm yr−1 and 8 ± 2 mm yr−1 respectively. The right-lateral displacement along the Main Recent Fault in the northern Zagros is about 3 ± 2 mm yr−1, smaller than what was generally expected. By contrast, large right-lateral displacement takes place in northwestern Iran (up to 8 ± mm yr−1). The Central Iranian Block is characterized by coherent plate motion (internal deformation <2 mm yr−1). Sites east of 61°E show very low displacements relative to Eurasia. The kinematic contrast between eastern and western Iran is accommodated by strike-slip motions along the Lut Block. To the south, the transition zone between Zagros and Makran is under transpression with right-lateral displacements of 11 ± 2 mm yr−1.
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- Nilforoushan, Faramarz, et al.
(author)
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GPS network monitors the Arabia-Eurasia collision deformation in Iran
- 2003
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In: Journal of Geodesy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-7714 .- 1432-1394. ; 77, s. 411-422
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rate of crustal deformation in Iran due to the Arabia–Eurasia collision is estimated. The results are based on new global positioning system (GPS) data. In order to address the problem of the distribution of the deformation in Iran, Iranian and French research organizations have carried out the first large-scale GPS survey of Iran. A GPS network of 28 sites (25 in Iran, two in Oman and one in Uzbekistan) has been installed and surveyed twice, in September 1999 and October 2001. Each site has been surveyed for a minimum observation of 4 days. GPS data processing has been done using the GAMIT-GLOBK software package. The solution displays horizontal repeatabilities of about 1.2 mm in 1999 and 2001. The resulting velocities allow us to constrain the kinematics of the Iranian tectonic blocks. These velocities are given in ITRF2000 and also relative to Eurasia. This last kinematic model demonstrates that (1) the north–south shortening from Arabia to Eurasia is 2–2.5 cm/year, less than previously estimated, and (2) the transition from subduction (Makran) to collision (Zagros) is very sharp and governs the different styles of deformation observed in Iran. In the eastern part of Iran, most of the shortening is accommodated in the Gulf of Oman, while in the western part the shortening is more distributed from south to north. The large faults surrounding the Lut block accommodate most of the subduction–collision transition.
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- Ardalan, Arman, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive study of mtDNA among Southwest Asian dogs contradicts independent domestication of wolf, but implies dog–wolf hybridization
- 2011
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 1:3, s. 373-385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity indicate explicitly that dogs were domesticated, probably exclusively, in southern East Asia. However, Southwest Asia (SwAsia) has had poor representation and geographical coverage in these studies. Other studies based on archaeological and genome-wide SNP data have suggested an origin of dogs in SwAsia. Hence, it has been suspected that mtDNA evidence for this scenario may have remained undetected. In the first comprehensive investigation of genetic diversity among SwAsian dogs, we analyzed 582 bp of mtDNA for 345 indigenous dogs from across SwAsia, and compared with 1556 dogs across the Old World. We show that 97.4% of SwAsian dogs carry haplotypes belonging to a universal mtDNA gene pool, but that only a subset of this pool, five of the 10 principal haplogroups, is represented in SwAsia. A high frequency of haplogroup B, potentially signifying a local origin, was not paralleled with the high genetic diversity expected for a center of origin. Meanwhile, 2.6% of the SwAsian dogs carried the rare non-universal haplogroup d2. Thus, mtDNA data give no indication that dogs originated in SwAsia through independent domestication of wolf, but dog–wolf hybridization may have formed the local haplogroup d2 within this region. Southern East Asia remains the only region with virtually full extent of genetic variation, strongly indicating it to be the primary and probably sole center of wolf domestication. An origin of dogs in southern East Asia may have been overlooked by other studies due to a substantial lack of samples from this region.
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- Eslami, Farzad, et al.
(author)
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Download Elastic Traffic Rate Optimization via NOMA Protocols
- 2019
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In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 68:1, s. 713-727
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising scheme for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication systems. In this scheme, transmission to multiple users is performed on the same subchannel using superposition coding and successive interference cancellation. In this paper, we focus on a multi-cell network with two, namely, elastic and streaming, users' data traffic models. We exploit the NOMA scheme in order to maximize the download elastic traffic rate at cells, without degrading the download streaming traffic rates. Since elastic traffic rates at different cells are interactive, we maximize the total elastic traffic rates assuming either perfect or partial channel state information available at each base station subject to a target rate for streaming users. Because of the interference due to NOMA as well as the interference among different cells, subchannel assignment and power allocation affect the system performance significantly. For this reason, we propose an iterative algorithm to jointly solve the subchannel assignment and the power allocation problem via the Hungarian algorithm and successive convex approximation, respectively. Finally, our simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
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