| 1. |
- Asokan, Vijayshankar, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The influence of Si on the primary protection of lean FeCrAl model alloys in O2 and O2+H2O at 600 °C: A microstructural investigation
- 2021
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In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates the influence of Si on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of lean FeCrAl model alloys in O2 and O2+H2O at 600 °C. The addition of Si prevented breakaway oxidation in O2+H2O which may be explained by the increased Al-content and reduced Cr-content in the oxide (O2) as well as the Si-enrichment in the outer part of the scale (O2+H2O). A proposed explanation for the impact of Si-addition on the Cr- and Al-content was given by thermodynamic calculations which showed that the presence of Si increases the activity of Al in the alloy while reducing the activity of Cr.
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| 2. |
- Chyrkin, Anton, 1984, et al.
(author)
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High temperature oxidation of AISI 441 in simulated solid oxide fuel cell anode side conditions
- 2022
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In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the corrosion of AISI 441 in simulated anode conditions of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Several parameters such as temperature, humidity, surface condition, pre-oxidation temperature and environment, were investigated. Samples pre-oxidized at 800 ºC were protective at 550–900 ºC, while as-received samples showed protective behavior only at 900 ºC. Additional exposures performed at 600 ºC revealed the negative effect of increasing steam concentration, the beneficial effect of grinding, while pre-oxidation at 600 ºC did not improve the protectiveness. The role and the interplay of the aforementioned factors are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Asokan, Vijayshankar, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Growth of 'W' doped molybdenum disulfide on graphene transferred molybdenum substrate
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present study, a novel method has been carried out to grow tungsten (W) doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) on the graphene transferred TEM grid in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setup. Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) has been used as a source for 'W' while 'Mo' has been derived from Mo based substrate. Different experimental parameters were used in this experiment. Higher gas flow rate decreases the size of the sample flake and on other side increases the dopant concentrations. The interaction mechanism between Mo, S, W and oxygen (O) have been explored. The influence of oxygen seems to be not avoidable completely which also imposes effective growth condition for the reaction of Mo with incoming sulfur atoms. The difference in the migration energies of Mo, WO 3 , S clusters on the graphene and the higher reactivity of Mo clusters over other possibly formed atomic clusters on the graphene leads to the growth of W doped MoS 2 monolayers. Formation of MoS 2 monolayer and the nature of edge doping of 'W' is explained well with the crystal model using underlying nucleation principles. We believe our result provide a special route to prepare W doped MoS 2 on graphene substrate in the future.
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| 4. |
- Balaji, G., et al.
(author)
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Investigations on Hot-wall deposited Cadmium Sulphide buffer layer for thin film solar cell
- 2018
-
In: Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4979 .- 0167-577X. ; 222, s. 82-87
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited on to well-cleaned soda lime glass substrates using hot wall deposition technique at room temperature. The structure of CdS thin films was found to be hexagonal with < 0 0 2 > orientation and after annealing the film crystallized to < 0 0 2 >, < 1 0 1 >, < 1 0 2 >, < 1 1 2 > directions. Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the hexagonal structure with a shift at 312 cm(1). SAED pattern from the Transmission electron microscopy also confirmed the formation of hexagonal CdS. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy confirmed the formation of CdS with relevant at% of Cd and S. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed smooth surface of the thin film with distinctive grains. Atomic force microscopy results showed a surface roughness of 4.47 nm. Transmission spectra of the films were studied and the transparency was found to be above 80%. The optical band gap was found to be around 2.4 eV in accordance with the reported values. The results show that device quality buffer layers can be deposited using Hot-wall deposition. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Davies, Katherine Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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Photoelectrocatalytic Surfactant Pollutant Degradation and Simultaneous Green Hydrogen Generation
- 2023
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - 1520-5045 .- 0888-5885. ; In Press
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the first time, we demonstrate a photoelectrocatalysistechniquefor simultaneous surfactant pollutant degradation and green hydrogengeneration using mesoporous WO3/BiVO4 photoanodeunder simulated sunlight irradiation. The materials properties suchas morphology, crystallite structure, chemical environment, opticalabsorbance, and bandgap energy of the WO3/BiVO4 films are examined and discussed. We have tested the anionic type(sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate (S2NS)) and cationic type surfactants(benzyl alkyl dimethylammonium compounds (BAC-C12)) as model pollutants.A complete removal of S2NS and BAC-C12 surfactants at 60 and 90 min,respectively, by applying 1.75 V applied potential vs RHE to the circuit,under 1 sun was achieved. An interesting competitive phenomenon forphotohole utilization was observed between surfactants and adsorbedwater. This led to the formation of H2O2 fromwater alongside surfactant degradation (anode) and hydrogen evolution(cathode). No byproducts were observed after the direct photoholemediated degradation of surfactants, implying its advantage over otherAOPs and biological processes. In the cathode compartment, 82.51 mu mol/cm(2) and 71.81 mu mol/cm(2) of hydrogen gas weregenerated during the BAC-C12 and S2NS surfactant degradation process,respectively, at 1.75 V RHE applied potential.
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| 6. |
- Davies, Katherine Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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Solar light-driven simultaneous pharmaceutical pollutant degradation and green hydrogen production using a mesoporous nanoscale WO 3 /BiVO 4 heterostructure photoanode
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - 2213-3437 .- 2213-2929. ; 11:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoelectrocatalysis is one of the most favourable techniques that could be used in this remit as it has the potential to utilise natural sunlight to generate oxidants in situ to mediate effective pollutant degradation. This work, therefore, utilises a mesoporous nanoscale WO3/BiVO4 heterostructure photoanode to effectively degrade ibuprofen in wastewater combined with simultaneous green hydrogen generation at the cathode under simulated sunlight. A near complete degradation (>96%) of ibuprofen (starting concentration of 100 mg/L), with no hazardous intermediates (determined via mass spectrometry analysis), along with simultaneous H2 evolution of 114 µmol/cm2 after 145 min was demonstrated in this work. In addition, intermediate product analysis, the role of the type of in situ oxidants on degradation, the mechanistic pathway of degradation, and the material characteristics of mesoporous photoanode were also investigated. First experimental evidence of in situ generated H2O2 contributing to the degradation of ibuprofen is presented.
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| 7. |
- Durairaj, Santhosh, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen-Driven Growth Regulation and Defect Passivation in Chemical Vapor Deposited MoS 2 Monolayers
- 2021
-
In: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7505 .- 1528-7483. ; 21:12, s. 6793-6801
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to the lowest formation energies, sulfur vacancies are inevitable in the vapor-phase chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MoS2, which act as deep donors and induce midgap defect states, making the material intrinsically n-type. The postgrowth oxygen passivation of such defects has been the subject of a large number of recent studies because passivation of defects augments the photoluminescence quantum yield by several orders. In this study, by introducing an SiO2/Si wafer in close proximity to the growth substrate, we were able to supply trace oxygen in situ during the growth while simultaneously enabling chemisorption of oxygen at defect sites on the basal plane of large-area MoS2 monolayers. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy allowed us to distinguish clearly the nature of oxygen bonding in defective MoS2 grown with and without the trace oxygen. Chemisorption of oxygen enabled elimination of defect-related bound exciton emission at the near band edge transition of MoS2, leading to about 300% enhancement in the photoluminescence. We observed unusual splitting of the first-order A1g Raman mode in monolayer MoS2 films when the sulfur vacancies are not compensated by oxygen. The present study provides new experimental evidence to better distinguish between chemisorption and physisorption of oxygen and may serve as an effective way to tune the optical properties of van der Waals crystals during the large-area CVD process.
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| 8. |
- Goebel, Claudia, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Self-healing properties of Ce/Co-coated stainless steel under simulated intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell conditions
- 2021
-
In: Surface and Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972. ; 428
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interconnects used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are usually shaped into a corrugated form that creates gas channels. Coatings are applied onto an interconnect to increase its longevity by reducing Cr(VI) evaporation and oxide scale growth. To date many manufacturers first deform the interconnect and then apply the coating. However, the reverse (hereinafter termed pre-coating) would be more cost-effective, because large-scale roll-to-roll coating processes could then be used instead of batch coating processes. The drawback of this method is that cracks are introduced into the coating during deformation. The present work shows that the cracks heal after relatively short exposure times for the often-used Ce/Co coating (10 nm Ce and 640 nm Co) even at low operating temperatures (650 °C and 750 °C). The Cr evaporation rate of pre-coated deformed Ce/Co-coated AISI 441, even though slightly elevated in the beginning of the exposure, decreases and stabilizes to rates that are comparable to that of undeformed Ce/Co-coated AISI 441. SEM micrographs show that the cracks introduced during the shaping of the interconnect heal after roughly 70 h of exposure at 750 °C and 360 h of exposure at 650 °C.
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| 9. |
- Natarajan, Muthukumarasamy, et al.
(author)
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The Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 - Nanoparticles based – Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by Facile Powder press Technique
- 2018
-
In: Materials Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408. ; 108, s. 61-72
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we have introduced a facile solid-state route assisted method to prepare CH3NH3PbI3perovskite nanoparticles (PNs) and together with a facile - powder press technique, for the deposition of prepared PNs - a solution cum vacuum-free route. The perovskite layer was prepared using different lead iodide (PbI2) precursor molar concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mmol) and the PbI2concentration was found to have a significant impact on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties. The sample prepared using molar ratio PbI2: MAI at 1:3 shows the optimal bandgap value (∼1.51 eV), broader band edge peak at 755 nm and found have good optical property for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The J–V performance of the fabricated perovskite device with FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/Perovskite/CuI/ Cr/Pt-coated FTO counter electrode has been studied. The device fabricated using the concentration at PbI2:MAI 1:3 achieved a PCE of 3.9% and resulted in better long-term stability with deterioration in η and VOCby 27.87% and 29.23% after 15 days.
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| 10. |
- Pitchaiya, Selvakumar, et al.
(author)
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A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application
- 2020
-
In: Arabian Journal of Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5352. ; 13:1, s. 2526-2557
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rapid increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in last few decades have made them very attractive to the photovoltaic (PV) community. However, the serious challenge is related to the stability under various conditions and toxicity issues. A huge number of articles have been published in PSCs in the recent years focusing these issues by employing different strategies in the synthesis of electron transport layer (ETL), active perovskite layer, hole transport layer (HTL) and back contact counter electrodes. This article tends to focus on the role and classification of different materials used as HTL in influencing long-term stability, in improving the photovoltaic parameters and thereby enhancing the device efficiency. Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) are categorized by dividing into three primary types, namely; organic, inorganic and carbonaceous HTMs. To analyze the role of HTM in detail, we further divide these primary type of HTMs into different subgroups. The organic-based HTMs are subdivided into three categories, namely; long polymer HTMs, small molecule HTMs and cross-linked polymers and the inorganic HTMs have been classified into nickel (Ni) derivatives and copper (Cu) derivatives based HTMs, p-type semiconductor based HTMs and transition metal based HTMs. We further analyze the dual role of carbonaceous materials as HTM and counter electrode in the perovskite devices. In addition, in this review, an overview of the preparation methods, and the influence of the thickness of the HTM layers on the performance and stability of the perovskite devices are also provided. We have carried out a detailed comparison about the various classification of HTMs based on their cost-effectiveness and considering their role on effective device performance. This review further discusses the critical challenges involved in the synthesis and device engineering of HTMs. This will provide the reader a better insight into the state of the art of perovskite solar devices.
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| 11. |
- Pitchaiya, Selvakumar, et al.
(author)
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Interfacing green synthesized flake like-ZnO with TiO2 for bilayer electron extraction in perovskite solar cells
- 2020
-
In: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1369-9261 .- 1144-0546. ; 44:20, s. 8422-8433
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To improve the performance of PSCs, it is essential to prevent the carrier recombination losses at the interfaces of the transparent metal oxide electrode/electron transport layer (ETL)/active absorber perovskite layer. This present work reports on the green synthesis approach used for the preparation of flake like-ZnO nanostructure (GF-ZnO NS), naturally extracted from the leaf of Albizia Amara, used as a reducing cum capping agent. Herein, we have introduced an n-type GF-ZnO NS material as an efficient electron transport interfacial layer (bi-ETL) at the ETL/perovskite junction in the fabricated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The structure of the fabricated PSC device is as follows: glass/ITO/bi-ETL (c-TiO2/GF-ZnO NSs)/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/spiro-MeOTAD/Au. A comparative study has also been carried out by deploying electron transport materials such as c-TiO2 and GF-ZnO NSs separately. From this, it has been found that the bi-ETL perovskite solar cell devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.83% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.728 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.46 mA cm-2 and a fill factor (FF) of 52.61% whereas, the c-TiO2, GF-ZnO NSs and the chemically reduced CR-ZnO ETL based devices achieved a PCE of 4.84%, 5.82% and 6.81%, respectively. The better performance obtained for the bi-ETL based devices is ascribed to the enhanced carrier extraction and the reduced recombination losses at the interface between the ETL and the active perovskite layer.
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| 12. |
- Pitchaiya, Selvakumar, et al.
(author)
-
Nickel sulphide-carbon composite hole transporting material for (CH3NH3PbI3) planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell
- 2018
-
In: Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4979 .- 0167-577X. ; 221, s. 283-288
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present work reports about the low-cost inorganic nickel sulphide-carbon composite synthesized using the simple chemical method and to be used as hybrid hole extraction and as a counter electrode material for perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 )-based solar cells (PSCs). The structural analysis confirms the existence of nickel sulphide (NiS) crystalline phase composed of small-sized crystallites. The optimal bandgap values of the prepared perovskite (1.51 eV) and NiS (3.71 eV) materials found to be favorable in achieving the active absorbing and hole extraction properties in PSCs. The surface morphology of the nickel sulphide materials is found to be highly dependent on the NiS-carbon composition. The current density-voltage (J-V) results of the fabricated perovskite solar cells with nickel sulphide-carbon composite hole transporting layer (HTL) suggests that incorporation of commercial carbon paste into the nickel sulphide nanoparticles tends to promote the charge carrier transporting ability an d resulted in yielding high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.20%, when compared to that of the bare NiS (1.87%). The results show that this nickel sulphide-carbon composite can serve as an efficient dual role as an HTL to transport holes and as a conductive counter electrode for the planar heterojunction PSCs with the structure FTO/compact-TiO 2 /porous-TiO 2 /perovskite/NiS-carbon. So, nickel sulphide-carbon composite can be considered as an efficient replacement for the other unstable HTMs and high-cost metal counter electrodes used in PSCs.
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| 13. |
- Pitchaiya, Selvakumar, et al.
(author)
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Perovskite Solar Cells: A Porous Graphitic Carbon based Hole Transporter/Counter Electrode Material Extracted from an Invasive Plant Species Eichhornia Crassipes
- 2020
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) composed of organic polymer-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are considered to be an important strategy in improving the device performance, to compete with conventional solar cells. Yet the use of such expensive and unstable HTMs, together with hygroscopic perovskite structure remains a concern – an arguable aspect for the prospect of onsite photovoltaic (PV) application. Herein, we have demonstrated the sustainable fabrication of efficient and air-stable PSCs composed of an invasive plant (Eichhornia crassipes) extracted porous graphitic carbon (EC-GC) which plays a dual role as HTM/counter electrode. The changes in annealing temperature (~450 °C, ~850 °C and ~1000 °C) while extracting the EC-GC, made a significant impact on the degree of graphitization - a remarkable criterion in determining the device performance. Hence, the fabricated champion device-1c: Glass/FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/EC-GC10@CH3NH3PbI3−x Clx/EC-GC10) exhibited a PCE of 8.52%. Surprisingly, the introduced EC-GC10 encapsulated perovskite interfacial layer at the perovskite/HTM interface helps in overcoming the moisture degradation of the hygroscopic perovskite layer in which the same champion device-1c evinced better air stability retaining its efficiency ~94.40% for 1000 hours. We believe that this present work on invasive plant extracted carbon playing a dual role, together as an interfacial layer may pave the way towards a reliable perovskite photovoltaic device at low-cost.
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| 14. |
- Prasanna, A. P.S., et al.
(author)
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Multifunctional ZnO/SiO2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Drug Delivery Application
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Fluorescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4994 .- 1053-0509. ; 30:5, s. 1075-1083
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Semiconducting nanoparticles with luminescent properties are used as detection probes and drug carriers in in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. ZnO nanoparticles, due to its biocompatibility and low cost, have shown potential application in bioimaging and drug delivery. Thus, ZnO/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticle was synthesised by wet chemical method for fluorescent probing and drug delivery application. The synthesised core/shell nanomaterial was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, TEM and PL analysis. The silicon shell enhances the photoluminescence and aqueous stability of the pure ZnO nanoparticles. The porous surface of the shell acts as a carrier for sustained release of curcumin. The synthesized core/shell particle shows high cell viability, hemocompatibility and promising florescent property. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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| 15. |
- Sand, Tommy, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Corrosion of Lean FeCrAl Alloys in Humid Air
- 2021
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In: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 95:3-4, s. 221-238
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new approach to reduce the chromium and aluminium concentrations in FeCrAl alloys without significantly impairing corrosion resistance is to alloy with 1-2 wt.% silicon. This paper investigates the "silicon effect" on oxidation by comparing the oxidation behavior and scale microstructure of two FeCrAl alloys, one alloyed with silicon and the other not, in dry and wet air at 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C. Both alloys formed thin protective oxide scales and the Cr-evaporation rates were small. In wet air at 800 degrees C the Si-alloyed FeCrAl formed an oxide scale containing mullite and tridymite together with alpha- and gamma-alumina. It is suggested that the reported improvement of the corrosion resistance of Al- and Cr-lean FeCrAl's by silicon alloying is caused by the appearance of Si-rich phases in the scale.
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| 16. |
- Shivaji, Kavitha, et al.
(author)
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Utilization of waste tea leaves as bio-surfactant in CdS quantum dots synthesis and their cytotoxicity effect in breast cancer cells
- 2019
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In: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 487, s. 159-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Green technology for nanoparticles synthesis is considered to be of great significance in biomedical applications. Recently, low dimensional semiconductor cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) have raised great attention due to their optical properties and wide usage in biomedical studies. In our present work, we demonstrate a simple green synthesis route for CdS QDs production using waste matured tea leaves (mother leaf) as biosurfactant that are a waste product of the tea leaf industry and not suitable for drinking. The structural and morphological analysis showed waste tea leaf derived CdS QDs range from 2.5 to 4 nm in particle size with a cubic crystalline structure. Interestingly, these CdS QDs exhibit strong fluorescence emission with maximum around 670 nm. We explored the cytotoxic effect of waste tea leaf mediated CdS QDs (MT-CdS QDs) in breast cancer cell lines and compared their viability with standard drug - cisplatin. Our experimental studies strongly suggest that MT-CdS QDs exhibits cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells and their performance was compared with standard drug cisplatin. To further understand the role of MT-CdS QDs towards cytotoxicity, the fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were carried out. The flow cytometry results reveal that MT-CdS QDs induces cell death as it arrests the cell cycle at S phase as well as G2/M phase. Further the apoptosis mechanism was confirmed with the expression of anti-apoptotic and apoptotic proteins. These studies explored that waste tea leaves have dual advantage - both in controlling the particle size of CdS QDs as well as facilitates their cytotoxicity effect in breast cancer cell death. Therefore, it is anticipated that the utilization of MT-CdS QDs produced from waste tea leaves as bi-functional drug and delivery vehicle in cancer treatment will be a promising approach. Also, this is a simple and circular economic route for producing biocompatible QDs at low-cost, which could simultaneously benefit tea and biomedical industries.
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| 17. |
- Tomas, Matthieu, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Efficiencies of cobalt- and copper-based coatings applied by different deposition processes for applications in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2022
-
In: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 47:76, s. 32628-32640
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical conversion devices that produce electricity directly by oxidising a fuel. The interconnects between the individual cells need to be coated to limit Cr(VI) evaporation from the steel and to preserve electrical conductivity. Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)-coated samples with Ce/Co, Ce/Cu, and Ce/MnCu, and Thermal Spray (TS)-coated Mn/Co, Cu and Mn/Cu and AISI 441 steel samples were exposed at 650 °C for up to 1000 h. The PVD Ce/Co and Ce/Cu coatings, as well as the TS Mn/Co coating, exhibited the formation of a thin protective Cr2O3 scales underneath the coating. These samples also exhibited the lowest area-specific resistance (ASR) values. The remainder of the samples exhibited much higher mass gains and higher ASR values. Cr(VI) evaporation measurements showed that all the coatings behaved approximately the same despite the PVD coatings being only about one-tenth of the thickness of the TS coatings.
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