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| 4. |
- Al-Haji, Ghazwan, 1970-
(author)
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Road Safety Development Index : Theory, Philosophy and Practice
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation develops, presents and tests a new international tool, the so-called Road Safety Development Index (RSDI), which indicates in a comprehensive and easy way the severity of the road safety situation in a specific country and/or in comparison with other countries. There are three pillars of outcomes involved in the framework of RSDI. One pillar is the People focus (road user behaviour). The second is the System focus (safer vehicles, safer roads, enforcement, management, etc). The third is the Product focus in terms of accident death rates. This thesis analyses each of these pillars. In addition, RSDI links the key national practices of road safety to each other and to the end-results (accident death rates). The study suggests a master-list of performance indicators to be implemented for assessing road safety level in a country and for RSDI building. Based on the “master-list”, a short key list of performance indicators is chosen and classified into two primary categories that correspond to two groups of countries: LMCs “Less Motorised Countries” and HMCs “Highly Motorised Countries”. RSDI aggregates the key performance indicators into one single quantitative value (composite index). Four main objective and subjective approaches are used to calculate RSDI and determine which one is the best. One approach uses equal weights for all indicators and countries, whereas the other approaches give different weights depending on the importance of indicators. Two empirical studies were carried out, in different parts of the world, to determine the applicability of this tool in real world applications. The first empirical study comes from eight European countries (HMCs). The second empirical study comes from five Southeast Asian countries (LMCs). The RSDI results from this study indicate a remarkable difference between the selected countries even at the same level of motorisation and/or with close accident death rates. The unavailability of comparable and useful data are problems for deeper analysis of RSDI, especially the index should be as relevant as possible for different parts of the world. The empirical and theoretical assessments prove that RSDI can give a broader picture of the whole road safety situation in a country compared to the traditional models and can offer a simple and easily understandable tool to national policy makers and public.
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| 5. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Anaerobic digestate as peat substitute and fertiliser in pot production of basil
- 2022
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In: Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-8765 .- 2165-0616. ; 38, s. 247-257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The common use of peat as a growing medium for plant production is questioned due to the negative effects on the environment and climate. Therefore, it is of great importance to find substitutes for peat with similar positive properties that have made peat one of the most important substrates in the horticultural sector. Production of biogas from organic residues is a valuable process, producing both energy and a residue, anaerobic digestate (AD), with a high content of plant nutrients. In this study, peat was partly substituted with AD of plant material origin up to 80% in a growing substrate for basil (Ocimum basilicum). Germination, yield and plant nutrient content were measured as well as chemical and physical properties of the growing media. The results showed that with 50% substitution of peat the growth in the AD/peat mix gave the same yield as for the fertilised peat on its own. No toxic or deficiency symptoms could be seen in the 50% mix. The important physical properties of the substrate were similar in peat and AD/peat mixes. However, the water-holding capacity was slightly decreased when part of the peat was substituted.
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| 6. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Biogödsel som näringskälla vid hydroponisk odling - nitrifiering och pH
- 2020
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In: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Möjlighet att odla grönsaker i system som kan vara horisontella, vertikala eller i flera lager och bedrivas i källare och på tak har lett till ett ökande intresse för hydroponisk odling. I denna typ av odling tillförs växten näring genom en näringslösning som cirkulerar i systemet. I dagsläget är mycket av den hydroponiska odlingen baserad på mineralgödselmedel. Att ha möjlighet att i stället använda en recirkulerad näringskälla innebär en fördel ur miljöperspektiv. I detta faktablad beskrivs hur en recirkulerad näringskälla, biogödsel, ska hanteras för att fungera som näringslösning i hydroponisk odling.
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| 7. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Circularity in practice: reusing restaurant waste for in-house vegetable production
- 2021
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In: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 281-286
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production of biogas is a common way to handle organic waste products and it provides not only energy but also an anaerobic digestate (AD) rich in plant nutrients. In order to create a close loop between food consumption and vegetable production this project was undertaken to see if food waste from a restaurant, could be used to produce a liquid fertilizer for lettuce production to the same restaurant. Growth experiments in a hydroponic set up were made with nitrified AD. The AD was tested as a hydroponic fertilizer at two dilution levels. In one trial the solution was also amended with mineral nutrients and all the trials were compared to a mineral nutrient control. Results indicate that it is possible to use the digestate as a fertilizer for lettuce, and that amendment with certain mineral nutrients enhances the growth. Plant concentrations of Na and Cl indicates that there might be a problem with toxicity but it was not clarified by these experiments.
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| 8. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Development and Acclimatisation of Horticultural Plants Subjected to Narrow-Band Lighting
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Horticultural Science. - 1611-4426 .- 1611-4434. ; 79, s. 45-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Light-emitting diodes (LED) allow narrow-band light to be easily obtained and can be used for narrow-band lighting in plant cultivation, with possible effects on plant growth and development. This study examined use of narrow-band lighting of different wavelengths in the cultivation of ornamental pot plant (Pelargonium and Petunia), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) transplants and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), either as sole light source in growth chambers, or as end-of-day (EOD) treatment in a greenhouse environment. Biometric measurements on plant growth and measurements of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance showed that when Helianthus was grown exclusively in blue light, stem elongation was greater than when it was grown exclusively in yellow, red, green or white light. Similar results were obtained when blue light was supplied in EOD treatments for Petunia and Pelargonium and for tomato. However, stem elongation was also high when red light was given as EOD treatment to tomato, whereas green light gave the least elongated plants in these conditions. Biomass production was generally not affected by the different EOD treatments. For Helianthus plants grown solely in monochromatic light, plant biomass production was highest in red light. For Pelargonium, photosynthetic rate was highest in blue light. It was conduded that plant response to different wavelengths is species-dependent and that EOD treatment with narrow-band lighting might be useful for plant growth regulation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Nutrient utilization and growth of tomato crops fertilized with solid anaerobic digestate
- 2024
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In: Scientia Horticulturae. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anaerobic digestate is a valuable resource for horticultural production, as it contains nutrients and fibers that can be used in plant growing medium. However, compared with hydroponic production based on mineral fertilizers, obtaining accurate nutrient supply at each stage of the growth cycle may be challenging. In an experiment using container-grown tomato crops, we evaluated different fertilization regimes with solid anaerobic digestate (SAD). Four different treatments were compared, two involving different proportions (19 % and 37 % by volume) of SADs in the peat-based growing medium, one treatment where growing medium with 37 % SAD was inoculated with active nitrifying bacteria, and one treatment where 15 % (v/v) of the peat in growing medium with 37 % SAD was replaced with sawdust to control nitrogen (N) availability during cultivation. A mineral-fertilized treatment (N-P-K 5–1-5) with approximately similar N amount as in the treatment with 37 % SAD was used as reference. Nutrient availability, nutrient uptake efficiency, crop performance (plant growth, biomass accumulation), and plant stress (chlorophyll fluorescence) were monitored during cultivation. The concentration of ammonium was initially high (190–416 mg/L substrate) in the growing media fertilized with anaerobic digestate, while the concentration of nitrate was low. Readily available ammonium concentration decreased rapidly during cultivation, to around 50 % after 10 days and to almost 100 % by the end of the cultivation. Available nitrate concentration was initially low (0–8 mg/L in the different treatments) and decreased to zero within a week, but increased slightly from day 40 of cultivation. Nutrient use efficiency was generally higher (15–50 % for different nutrients) in the treatment with 19 % digestate. Inclusion of sawdust in the growing medium decreased nutrient use efficiency by 30–50 %. Compared with the mineral-fertilizer reference, biomass production was lower in all treatments fertilized with digestate, with 37 % and 19 % SAD resulting in 62 % and 47 % of total biomass obtained in the reference, and similar reductions in yield of harvestable fruits. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated elevated plant stress in the treatments fertilized with SAD. Addition of sawdust or nitrifying bacteria did not help to control nitrogen availability during cultivation. Therefore, anaerobic digestate fertilizers need further optimization before they can be a competitive alternative to mineral fertilizers.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Styr tillväxten med ljuset
- 2019
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In: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Ljuset påverkar växterna i stor utsträckning. Både mängden ljus, dagens längd (fotoperioden) samt ljusets kvalité (spektrala sammansättning) påverkar växternas utveckling på olika sätt. Traditionellt har en växthusodlare haft möjlighet att påverka ljusintensiteten (genom skuggning eller tillskotts-belysning) samt fotoperioden (genom dagförlängning eller mörkläggning). Numera är det också möjligt att påverka ljusets spektrala sammansättning genom att anända belysningssystem baserade på LED-teknik. Dessutom har det bli vit allt vanligare med fast installerade mörk-läggningsgardiner för dagslängdsreglering. Detta gör att de tekniska förutsättningarna har förbättrats så att tillväxtreglering med hjälp av ljuset idag är realistiskt som komplement eller alternativ till andra former av tillväxtreglering såsom kemisk retardering eller negativ DIF/Drop.
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| 13. |
- Asp, Karl
(author)
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Mellan klassrum och scen - en studie av ensembleundervisning på gymnasieskolans estetiska program
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Singing and playing instruments in Swedish secondary schools follow a long tradition, where playing in orchestras or singing in choirs are common historical examples of ensemble activities. In the last decades ensemble playing and teaching have undergone different changes, both in relation to musical practices at large, and with regard to repertoire, use of instruments, technical equipment and not least the philosophical and pedagogical ideas about music education. The aim of this thesis is to get a deeper knowledge about contemporary classroom ensemble in Swedish upper secondary schools. The research questions are: What does the object of learning look like in classroom ensemble? How are objects of learning in classroom ensemble legitimated? The theoretical framework is inspired by Foucauldian discourse analysis where the concept of discourse is used in an ecclectic way in order to grasp how ways of thinking about music, music education, pedagogy and didactics inform the music teachers and by that legitimizing different objects of learning. Data has been collected by focus group interviews, where four groups of music teachers participated, and by observing and interviewing three music teachers teaching classroom ensemble. Data has been analyzed following Foucault’s concepts of the event, the series, the regularity and the condition of possibility. In the analysis, two discourses are found to permeate the practice of classroom ensemble: (i) the discourse on artistry, which articulates objects with relevance for the performance (a concert, a show), where pupils try to simulate and implement an informal music practice and, (ii) the discourse on schooling, which articulates objects relating to schooling and education. The results show that the performances play a major role in the teaching of classroom ensemble, and as a result, what pupils learn is limited to what they are playing during those performances. This leads to questions about what the pupils learn by participating in such performances
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| 14. |
- Asp, Karl
(author)
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Om att välja vad och hur : musiklärares samtal om val av undervisningsinnehåll i ensemble på gymnasiets estetiska program
- 2011
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigates how teachers of the subject ensemble in Swedish upper secondary school talk about their choices of subject content in light of their background as musicians and/or music teachers? According to current regulations and curricula (Läroplan för de frivilliga skolformerna, Lpf 94; Programmål för Estetiska programmet, ES 2000:05) the Swedish upper secondary school system can be described as goal-centered, which implies that the goals of the education are in focus and that methods and material to achieve those goals can show great variances. The aim of this study is to investigate how music teacher talk about their choices of content in relation to several background factors like music teacher education and experience and their experience as professional performers. Research questions are: * How do musicteachers talk in groupinterviews regarding choices of content in ensemble in upper secondary school? * What do musicteachers perceive as essential contents in music teaching in the subject ensemble? The conceptual framework in this study is inspired by Berger and Luckmann’s (1966/1979) theories of the construction of reality. This means that a non-essentialist approach is taken and that subject matter, content and curricula all are understood as constructs in relation to a context, historically and cultural specific (Burr, 2003). This explains the focus on the interviewees professional backgrounds in relation to choice of content. Furthermore it relies on discourse psychology (Potter & Wetherell, 1987) where interpretative repertoires is used as an analytical tool. By focus group-interviews (Wibeck, 2000; Morgan, 1998) data has been collected and then analyzed. The interviewees are both professional musicians and music teachers, and they are all working as music teachers in upper secondary schools. The results of the study indicates that the teachers’ talk about choices of content is constructed mainly through their experiences of performing and professional musicianship and that didactical constructions highly relies on those experiences. This means that music as a subject (cf. Nielsen, 1998) is often seen as a product, as in a concert or a recording, and that the music teachers’ professional experiences of making music is an important ground for accomplishing that task. This raises further questions about how music teaching should be carried out and what implications the focus on a product has on musical learning from a democratic as well as a pedagogical perspective.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Asp, Leif, 1966, et al.
(author)
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A structural battery and its multifunctional performance
- 2021
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In: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research. - : Wiley. - 2699-9412. ; 2:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Engineering materials that can store electrical energy in structural load paths can revolutionize lightweight design across transport modes. Stiff and strong batteries that use solid-state electrolytes and resilient electrodes and separators are generally lacking. Herein, a structural battery composite with unprecedented multifunctional performance is demonstrated, featuring an energy density of 24 Wh kg-1 and an elastic modulus of 25 GPa and tensile strength exceeding 300 MPa. The structural battery is made from multifunctional constituents, where reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) act as electrode and current collector. A structural electrolyte is used for load transfer and ion transport and a glass fiber fabric separates the CF electrode from an aluminum foil-supported lithium–iron–phosphate positive electrode. Equipped with these materials, lighter electrical cars, aircraft, and consumer goods can be pursued.
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| 17. |
- Asp, Leif, et al.
(author)
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Delamination criticality in slender compression-loaded composite panels
- 2002
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In: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 221-222, s. 3-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a damage tolerance model based on the assumption of delamination criticality in compression loaded slender composite panels is outlined. In particular, the verification of the model by comparison between numerical predictions and experimental results is reviewed. Growth of shallow delaminations in slender panels is shown to be promoted by the global buckling of the panel. Consequently, care must be taken if structures with delaminations are to be allowed to buckle. In the paper, application of the model for aircraft design is briefly discussed. The overall predicted panel behaviour agrees with observations for test coupons. However, very small geometrical changes are shown to have tremendous effects on the predicted behaviour. Consequently, in structural design one must consider the sensitivity of geometrical conditions on the predicted behaviour. Therefore, reduction of the structural item into a design element is suggested. To generate conservative designs the suggested design element is to represent the worst case
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| 18. |
- Bergstrand, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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Dynamics of nitrogen availability in pot grown crops with organic fertilization
- 2019
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In: Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-8765 .- 2165-0616. ; 35:3, s. 143-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pot grown herbs are often cultivated as certified organic products, and there is an increasing demand for organically certified ornamental plants. Supplying the required nutrients using organic fertilizers is a challenge with respect to matching the mineralization and thus the availability of dissolved nutrients in the growing medium with plant demand. In experiments, sweet basil and Pelargonium × hortorum were cultivated using two different organic fertilizer strategies and controlled-release mineral nutrients as control treatment. The two organic strategies were, i) blood meal + Baralith® Enslow (a plant-based organic fertilizer), and ii) poultry manure. The availability of dissolved nitrogen was monitored during the crop cycle by under-pressure lysimeter sampling. Plant development parameters were measured along with chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration of leaves. For both organic treatments, nitrate-N availability was low at the beginning of the experiment, whereas ammonium-N was high. During the experiment, ammonium availability decreased at the same time as nitrate availability increased after a few weeks and then declined again by the end of the experiment. The blood meal + Enslow treatment caused poor germination and slow growth in basil. Plant height and fresh weight was also affected by this treatment for basil but not for Pelargonium. Chlorophyll concentration was affected by treatment, with also visually detectable paler leaves in the treatment with poultry manure. There were no differences in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) between treatments, indicating that plants were not stressed in any of the treatments.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Dynamics of nutrient availability in tomato production with organic fertilisers
- 2020
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In: Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-8765 .- 2165-0616. ; 36, s. 200-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In greenhouse organic horticulture there is a great challenge in supplying the crop with adequate amounts of nutrients at the right stage of crop development. This has been identified as one of the main factors compromising yields in organic systems as compared with conventional hydroponic systems based on the use of synthetic fertilisers. In organic systems, the supply of nutrients is reliant on microbial degradation of organic complexes, a process that is dependent on factors such as temperature, soil water content and pH. Different organic fertilisers will also have different characteristics with respect to mineralisation of nutrients. In order to evaluate different strategies for organic fertilisation in long-term greenhouse crops such as high-wire tomato crops, an experiment with three different treatments was performed. The different strategies evaluated were one based on blood meal, kalimagnesia and the commercial product Baralith Enslow (composed of clay and ground lucerne), one with poultry manure and kalimagnesia, and one with solid biogas digestate and kalimagnesia. A five-month tomato crop was grown. Lysimeter samples were taken from the growing media biweekly for monitoring of plant available nutrients. The results suggested that nitrogen was likely to have been the limiting factor for plant growth, however, the biogas digestate delivered mineralised nitrogen throughout the experiment.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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End-of-day treatments as a way of controlling growth in ornamental pot plants
- 2020
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In: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 287-292
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the introduction of light emitting diode (LED) technology for greenhouse lighting, the possibility to apply narrow band light becomes available to the grower. With narrow band light, it is possible to target the different photoreceptors of the plant, and thus control plant growth and development. Applying a brief period of narrowband light at the end of the photoperiod (end-of-day lighting) has been suggested as a way to control growth with a low total input of electric energy. Controlling stem elongation is an important part of greenhouse horticulture, especially for ornamental crops but also for vegetable transplants. Chemical plant growth regulators are efficient and widely used for this purpose, but questioned from an environmental point of view and not compatible with organic practices. In a series of experiments, end-of-day treatments with different wavebands were applied to poinsettia plants in order to evaluate the concept and to establish the most suitable wavelength. Red (660 nm), green (525 nm), and white (continuous spectrum) LED lights were evaluated. End-ofday light was applied for one hour after the main photoperiod, at an intensity of 10 µmol m-2 s-1. A treatment without end-of-day light was used as the control treatment. The results displayed significant differences among treatments.
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| 23. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Growth control of ornamental and bedding plants by manipulation of photoperiod and light quality
- 2016
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In: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1134, s. 33-39
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Altering the light regime is a sound and non-polluting way of controlling the growth of greenhouse-grown pot and bedding plants, and a promising way of eliminating the use of chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs), which are now becoming less available and more questioned by consumers. Modern greenhouses often have blackout screens, originally installed for flower regulation purposes but which can also be used for growth regulation. Modern light emitting diode (LED) light sources can be designed to provide narrow-band light (NBL), which can affect growth and elongation of plants if given in addition to natural sunlight, or as daylight extension (end-of-day or pre-day treatments). Two different approaches were used: short photoperiods in combination with pre-day and end-of-day NBL treatments, and short photoperiods combined with simultaneous addition of NBL and natural light. The plants used were Calibrachoa, Pelargonium, Euphorbia, and Chrysanthemum. A light regime with 620 nm light given before the period of natural light and 525 nm light given at the end of the natural light effectively controlled elongation in both Calibrachoa and Pelargonium. Supplementation of natural sunlight with a small portion of 660 nm light significantly reduced plant height in Euphorbia, but not in Chrysanthemum. It was concluded that management of photoperiod and light quality is very promising for replacing PGRs within greenhouse production of ornamental and bedding plants.
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| 24. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Högtrycksnatriumlampan duger än
- 2013
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In: Trädgårdsnytt. - 0049-4356. ; 67, s. 26-27
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 25. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Liquid anaerobic digestate as sole nutrient source in soilless horticulture – or spiked with mineral nutrients for improved plant growth
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digestate from biogas production high in plant-available macro- and micro-nutrients could replace mineral fertilizer in protected (soilless) horticulture. Previous uses of digestate have shown that low concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) may be limiting factors for growth when using digestate as the sole fertilizer. In this study, digestate collected from a municipal biogas plant in Sweden was nitrified in a moving-bed biofilm reactor prior to its use as fertilizer. A greenhouse pot trial with pak choi grown in peat-based growing medium was established to assess the (i) macro- and micro-nutrient availability in the digestate, with particular focus on P and S and (ii) the effect of amending the digestate solution with nutrients considered to be lacking [P, S, magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo)]. The results showed that plants fertilized with raw digestate suffered from S and B deficiency and early P deficiency. Supplementing the digestate with nutrients originating from mineral salts resulted in sufficient plant tissue concentrations of all elements except S. The marketable yield was similar to that achieved using standard mineral fertilizer and the dry matter yield was 17% higher. In the light of the present results, the use of nitrified digestate in soilless plant production seems like a fruitful way forward to recycle organic nutrients from waste streams. In the case where a strict organic protocol is not needed, amendment with inorganic nutrients may be a way to increase the utilization of organically derived nutrients.
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| 26. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Methods for measuring nutrient mineralization in growing media with organic fertilizers incorporated
- 2021
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In: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 87-92
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of organic nutrient sources is mandatory when producing plants according to organic standards. As the nutrient release from organic fertilizers is depending on microbial processes, they are in turn affected by factors such as moisture content, temperature, and pH. This makes mineralization hard to control and predict, and lacking synchronization between mineralization and crop demand is a major problem when using organic fertilizers (Bi et al., 2010; Burnett et al., 2016; Rosen and Allan, 2007) affecting crop productivity and potentially leading to decreased nutrient use efficiency and leaching. This fact invokes the need for analytical methods offering possibilities to predict nutrient availability during the crop cycle. However, as of today, there is a lack in standardized methods for characterization of nutrient release patterns from organic fertilizers. Also methods for analysis of horticultural growing media are not internationally standardized (Baumgarten, 2005), although incubation methods for N analysis have been suggested (Thorup-Kristensen, 1994). There are numerous different extraction methods for analysis of growing media which will provide fundamentally different values. Also for plant analysis, a number of different methods such as total analysis, plant sap analysis, and non-invasive optic methods are applied to scrutinize plant nutrient status. In the this paper, an attempt was made to track nutrient uptake from organically bound, to plant available in the peat-based growing medium, to uptake in the plant using different analysis methods. The overall objective was to develop a protocol to assess nutrient release from organic fertilizers.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Plant developmental consequenses of lighting from above or below in the production of Poinsettia
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Horticultural Science. - 1611-4426 .- 1611-4434. ; 80, s. 51-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artificial light is used for many horticultural crops produced in greenhouses, not least ornamental pot plants. New technologies such as LEDs will possibly replace high intensity discharge lamps as the main technology for lighting in horticulture. However, LEDs are quite different from discharge lamps as regards the handling of waste heat. They have low output of radiant heat, but the waste heat is produced in the fixture and must be cooled away using fans or heat sinks. The low radiant heat will result in lower leaf temperature in the crop, possibly prolonging production time. LED fixtures are often voluminous due to the need for cooling systems, creating large shade effects when installed at the top of the greenhouse. To overcome these issues, this greenhouse study tested placing the light source, in the form of LED bars, under the crop, thus illuminating the abaxial side of the leaves. The results showed that the growth and elongation of the Euphorbia plants was similar irrespective of whether the light was supplied at the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaves. The air temperature within the canopy increased when the light source was placed within the canopy and fresh weight, dry weight and bract length of the bract also increased compared with when the same light was supplied from above, probably due to the higher temperature. Placing LED light sources below the canopy of potted ornamentals was found to be a feasible solution for supplying supplementary light.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Utilizing Anaerobic Digestates as Nutrient Solutions in Hydroponic Production Systems
- 2020
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Moving food production into the urban and peri-urban areas is one way of facilitating a closed-loop approach, integrating waste handling with food production in order to recirculate nutrients and at the same time reduce the use of mined and fossil resources in the production. Using anaerobic digestion as a way of converting urban wastes to an energy source (methane) and a nutrient-rich biodigestate with subsequent use as fertilizer for food production seems like a feasible approach. However, utilizing urban wastes in plant production systems implies some challenges, such as high salinity of the waste, imbalanced composition of nutrients, and abundance of less favorable forms of nitrogen. In a series of experiments, these problems were addressed. Vegetables (Pak Choi) were cultivated hydroponically in a controlled climate. Experiments included increased salinity, elevated levels of nitrite, and different concentrations of the biogas digestate-based nutrient solution, with mineral based solutions as controls. In general, the mineral controls yielded around 50% higher fresh biomass than the organic solutions. However, the quality of the produce with respect to content of secondary metabolites such as vitamins was enhanced when the plants were cultivated with organic nutrient solutions. Increasing the concentration of NaCl to 241 mg Cl L−1 did not negatively affect plant performance. Increasing the concentration of nitrite negatively affected plant growth, with reductions in biomass production by up to 50%. Given this well-functioning nitrification process that did not result in high nitrite concentrations, the use of anaerobic digestates seems feasible for hydroponic production of vegetables.
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| 34. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Utnyttja belysningen effektivt
- 2015
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In: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- I norra Europa är ljuset helt otillräckligt för odling under vinterhalvåret och ibland även på sommaren. Artificiell belysning har därför blivit allt vanligare inte bara vid odling av småplantor och krukväxter utan även för året-runt-produktion av olika grönsaker i växthus. Utvecklingen har gått från glödlampor, neonrör och kvicksilverlampor via metallhalogen till högtrycksnatriumlampor (HPS) som är dominerande än idag alltsedan 1970-talet. Stigande energipriser och ökande krav på miljöhänsyn har gjort att det idag finns ett stort behov av att effektivisera användandet av belysning i växthus. Tekniken utvecklas stadigt, HPS-lamporna har undan för undan fått allt bättre effektivitet med införandet av 600 och 1000 W lampor samt elektroniska drivdon. Dessutom har helt nya lamptyper som t.ex. LED-lampor och plasmalampor kommit på marknaden. Det finns dock mycket man kan göra för att effektivisera sin användning av belysning utan att nödvändigtvis göra en dyr investering i att byta hela utrustningen.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Borgström Källén, Carina, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Vad kan det musikpedagogiska forskningsfältet erbjuda framtidens musiklärarutbildningar?
- 2019
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In: Nordic Network for Research in Music Education.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I musiklärarutbildningar vid musikhögskolor i Sverige finns det lång erfarenhet att tillvarata studenters behov av hantverksmässiga studier för såväl erövrande av fördjupade kunskaper i musicerande som i utvecklingen till att bli musiklärare som kan sitt musikaliska didaktiska hantverk. Traditionen av att integrera vetenskapliga rön i musiklärarutbildningarna är däremot inte lång och inte helt okomplicerad, delvis beroende på traditioner och att lärande i musikaliska hantverk tar mycket tid. Att sätta sig in i forskning som för utbildningen torde vara väsentlig kan vara betydligt lägre prioriterat, inte minst i ämnesstudierna. I rundabordssamtalet vill vi därför lyfta frågan hur vi inom det musikpedagogiska forskningsfältet kan bidra till att utveckla musiklärarutbildningarnas vetenskapliga innehåll och särskilt hur det kan integreras i studenternas ämnesstudier. Frågan är stor varför vi till det här samtalet avgränsar det till hur vi mer aktivt skulle kunna bidra genom att kontinuerligt rapportera om aktuell forskning som berör dagsaktuella frågor för musiklärare, eller som eventuellt borde vara det, och paketera det på ett sätt som är lättåtkomligt utan att göra avkall på vetenskaplighet. I skrivande stund arbetar vi med en antologi där vi bidrar med olika kapitel inom några av de områden som vi identifierat som aktuella för blivande musiklärare och/eller verksamma lärare och där vi alltså kan tillföra kunskap. Varje kapitel bygger på något område som kapitelförfattaren behandlade i sin avhandling (Asp, 2015; Borgström Källén, 2014; Falthin, 2015; Leijonhufvud, 2018; Mars, 2016; Nyberg, 2015; Zadig, 2017) och som i kapitlet ställs i relation till aktuella didaktiska frågor. De områden som behandlas är: o Hur genrer som musikdidaktiska redskap kan bidra till såväl breddning som fördjupning i olika musikstilar. o Musik som skolämne relaterat till genre och genus o Formativ bedömning i musikundervisning ur ett multimodalt perspektiv o Konsekvenser av ”flytande” strömmad musik o Synliggörande av den egna yrkesskickligheten–hur studenter och lärare ska kunna utveckla sin egen förståelse för hur och varför olika verktyg används i undervisningen. o Hur aktionsforskning kan stärka musiklärares agens o Forskningsmetoder för att undersöka rolltagande i kör. Ämnesinnehållet kan tyckas något spretigt men goda erfarenheter av att ha gjort så i en tidigare antologi som flera av oss deltog i (Ferm Thorgersen, 2013), talar för valet att presentera skilda områden utifrån olika teoretiska utgångspunkter och sätta dessa i relation till praktiknära frågor. Ett övergripande kapitel tillkommer i den pågående antologin som syftar till att utifrån de olika kapitlen påvisa hur praktik och teori samspelar i såväl vardagliga musikpraktiker som i musikpedagogisk forskning; kunskap som vi ser som vi ser som väsentlig att vara väl belyst och integrerad i framtida musiklärarutbildningar. Referenser: Asp, K. (2015). Mellan klassrum och scen: en studie av ensembleundervisning på gymnasieskolans estetiska program. Diss. Lund: Lunds universitet. Borgström Källén, C. (2014). När musik gör skillnad: genus och genrepraktiker i samspel. Diss. Göteborg: Högskolan för scen och musik vid Göteborgs universitet. Falthin, A. (2015). Meningserbjudanden och val: en studie om musicerande i musikundervisning på högstadiet. Diss. Lund: Lunds universitet. Ferm Thorgersen, C.(red.) (2013). Perspektiv på praktiknära musikpedagogisk forskning: utkomster av en forskarskola. Luleå: Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, Luleå tekniska universitet. Leijonhufvud, S. (2018). Liquid streaming: the Spotify way to music. Diss. Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet. Mars, A. (2016). När kulturer spelar med i klassrummet: en sociokulturell studie av ungdomars lärande i musik. Diss. Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet. Nyberg, J. (2015). Music education as an adventure of knowledge: student and teacher experience as conceptualizations of musical knowledge, learning and teaching. Diss. Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet. Zadig, S. (2017). Ledarna i kören: vokala samarbeten mellan körsångare. Diss. Lund: Lunds universitet.
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| 37. |
- Carlstedt, David, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Experimental and computational characterization of carbon fibre based structural battery electrode laminae
- 2022
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In: Composites Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538. ; 220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, electrode laminae consisting of carbon fibres embedded in structural battery electrolyte (CF-SBE electrodes) are characterized with respect to their multifunctional (i.e. combined electrochemical and mechanical) performance utilizing experimental and numerical techniques. The studied material is made from commercially available polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibres and a porous SBE matrix/electrolyte, which is composed of two continuous phases: a solid polymer skeleton (vinyl ester-based) and a Li-salt containing liquid electrolyte. Experimental and numerical studies are performed on CF-SBE electrode half-cells, whereby a coupled electro-chemo-mechanical finite element model is exploited. Results show that, similar to traditional batteries, electrode thickness, transport properties of the electrolyte and applied current significantly affect electrochemical performance. For example, increasing the electrode thickness of the studied CF-SBE electrode from 50 μm to 200 μm results in a reduction in specific capacity of approximately 70/95% for an applied current of 30/120 mA g? 1 of fibres, respectively. Further, Li-insertion induced longitudinal expansion of carbon fibre electrodesare video microscopically recorded during charge/discharge conditions. In liquid electrolyte the total/reversible longitudinal expansion are found to be 0.85/0.8% while for the CF-SBE electrode the reversible expansion is found to be 0.6%. The fibre expansion in the CF-SBE electrode gives rise to residual strains which is demonstrated numerically. We expect that the utilized computational framework and experimental data open a route to develop high-performing, both mechanically and electrochemically, carbon fibre based battery electrode laminae for future lightweight structural components with energy storage ability.
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| 38. |
- Duan, Shanghong, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Effect of lithiation on the elastic moduli of carbon fibres
- 2021
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In: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 185, s. 234-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon fibre electrodes can enable a solid-state battery to carry mechanical load as normal construction materials. The multifunctionality is promising for most lightweight applications. Like all electrode materials, both volume and elastic moduli of the carbon fibre electrodes change during battery cycling. Such changes jeopardize the mechanical integrity of the battery. Due to the challenging corrosion problem of the lithiated component in air, the effect of lithiation on the carbon fibre's elastic moduli has yet to be explored. Also, robust data on the expansion of carbon fibres from lithiation are lacking. In the present work, we demonstrate a method and perform tests of corrosion protected carbon fibres in scanning electron microscope. The volume, and longitudinal and transverse moduli of a carbon fibre at three states of lithiation are determined and compared. The transverse modulus of the lithiated fibre is found to be more than double that of the pristine and delithiated fibres.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Golovko, Oksana, et al.
(author)
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Organic micropollutants, heavy metals and pathogens in anaerobic digestate based on food waste
- 2022
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 313
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anaerobic digestate based on food waste is increasingly used as fertilizer in food production. This study examined the characteristics of anaerobic digestate based on food waste from three biogas plants in Sweden. The characterization included measurements of heavy metals (n = 7), chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), such as currently used drugs and pesticides (n = 133), and an extended range of food-borne pathogens, including two notable sporeformers and some widespread antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The amounts of Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Salmonella and the concentrations of the target heavy metals were all below the maximum accepted levels at all three locations studied. However, the spore-forming Bacillus cereus was found to be present at high levels in samples from all three biogas plants. Among the 133 CECs investigated, 48 were detected at least once, and the highest concentrations were found for pyroxidine, nicotine, caffeine, theobromine, and nicotine. The biofertilizers from the different biogas plants had similar CEC profiles, which indicate similarities in household waste composition and thorough mixing in the biogas plants. If this profile is found to be spatially and temporally consistent, it can help regulators to establish priority lists of CECs of top concern. Assuming increasing use of biofertilizers for food production in the future, it would be beneficial to have concentration limits for CECs Risk estimation based on risk quotients (RQs) indicated generally low environmental risks associated with application of biofertilizer to soils for food crop production. However, the toxicity of CEC mixtures needs to be considered when estimating the risks from application of biofertilizers on agricultural land or in other production systems.
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| 42. |
- Golovko, Oksana, et al.
(author)
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Uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals, and parabens by oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and exposure risk in human consumption
- 2022
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In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 291
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organic micropollutants (MPs) pose potential threats to environmental ecosystems and human health. This study investigated uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pharmaceuticals, and paraben by edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), cultivated on spiked growth substrate. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and paraben in substrate showed a decreasing trend over a 20-day harvesting period, whereas PFAS concentrations were variable over the harvesting period. However, only propylparaben, clarithromycin, and PFASs were detected in fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom. Uptake of PFASs by oyster mushroom fruit bodies was negatively correlated with perfluorocarbon chain length. An impact of MPs on fungal colonization was observed, with decreased respiration in treatments with the highest concentration of MPs, but production of fruiting bodies was not affected by exposure level. The potential human risk from ingestion of MPs was evaluated for oyster mushrooms exposed to the highest concentration of MPs in substrate, based on acceptable daily intake (ADI).
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| 43. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Projektrapport om läckage från gödselbehållare av betong : inspektion och egenkontroll
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Behållare för lagring av gödsel bör kontrolleras i samband med tömning. I författningar står att en verksamhetsutövare har ansvar att skydda både miljö och människor från skada och olägenheter. En sådan skada skulle kunna vara en läckande gödselbehållare som bl.a. kan förorena vatten i omgivningen. Förutom verksamhetsutövarens ansvar står i författningar att lagringsutrymmen för gödsel ska vara utformade så att avrinning och läckage till omgivningen inte sker. Det är generellt svårt att bygga och uppföra en lagringsbehållare så den är absolut tät. Skarvar mellan betongelement och rörgenomförningar är partier som är känsliga för läckage. I media uppmärksammas ibland att gödselbehållare läckt eller havererat. Den faktiska förekomsten och omfattningen av läckage från lagringsutrymmen för stallgödsel är okänd.I detta projekt har en sakkunnig på betong varit ute på gårdar och inspekterat gödselbrunnar för att dokumentera vanliga skador på behållare samt få en överblick över skadeorsaker och föreslå reparationsmetoder. Den sakkunniga har även utfört täckskiktsmätning på flera behållare samt provat georadar på enstaka behållare för att prova dessa undersökningsmetoder vid kontroll av gödselbehållare. Utifrån de inspekterade gödselbrunnarna går det inte att avgöra hur vanligt förekommande skador på gödselbehållare är eller hur omfattande eventuella läckage är. Dock har de praktiska delarna kompletterats med litteraturgenomgång och sammanställts i denna rapport för att bl.a. fungera som ett hjälpmedel för en verksamhetsutövare som ska utföra egenkontroll av en gödselbehållare.Skador på gödselbehållare uppkommer genom mekanisk eller kemisk påverkan. Denvanligaste mekaniska skadan är påkörning som kan resultera i skador av ringa eller större omfattning. Kemisk påverkan kan vara rostangrepp på armering eller vajrar samt syraangrepp på betongen. Skadorna kan ha olika utseende från små sprickor till grova brott. En allvarlig skada på en gödselbrunn är om vajrar är skadade. Rörgenomförningar genom behållarvägg är ofta partier som är extra utsatta för skador.Genom att kontrollera brunnen kontinuerligt kan förändringar i behållarkonstruktionen upptäckas. Det är alltid bra att ta bild av skador man upptäckt eftersom dessa kan fungera som underlag vid konsultation med en sakkunnig om till exempel skadans art och erforderlig reparationsmetod. Lagning av gödselbehållare bör alltid ske med en metod som föreslås av en sakkunnig. Sakkunniga är bl.a. konstruktörer och betongexperter samt finns även hos tillverkare av gödselbehållare.Det är även viktigt att förebygga skador på behållare. En av de viktigaste faktorerna för att förbygga skador på gödselbehållaren är att följa tillverkarens anvisningar för hur behållaren ska användas och vilka försiktighetsåtgärder man måste vidta i bruksskedet. Vid anlitande av till exempel maskinstationer för gödselspridning är det viktigt att även dessa får information som berör dem i deras arbete. Till exempel vilket minsta avstånd de måste hålla till en gödselbrunn. Andra sätt att förebygga skador är att ta bort vegetation i form av buskar och träd som vuxit upp runt behållaren. En rekommendation är att hålla fritt, från kraftigare vegetation eller materialupplag, minst sex meter kring behållaren.I Danmark finns ett uppbyggt kontrollsystem för gödselbehållare där certifierade kontrollanter besiktigar behållare. Detta danska kontrollsystem beskrivs till viss del i denna rapport. Dessutom beskrivs den svenska miljö- och arbetsmiljölagstiftningen som reglerar verksamhetsutövarens ansvar utifrån olika aspekter.Ambitionen med denna rapport är att underlätta för verksamhetsutövare att utföra egenkontroll av gödselbehållare. Rapporten omfattar inte konstruktionsbeskrivningar eller mer omfattande utredningar av behållarkonstruktionen. Inte heller uppförande av nya gödselbehållare beskrivs.
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| 44. |
- Hultberg, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Benefits and drawbacks of combined plant and mushroom production in substrate based on biogas digestate and peat
- 2022
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In: Environmental technology & innovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1864. ; 28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production of plants and mushrooms in substrate based partly on anaerobic digestate from biogas production (30%) and peat (70%) was studied in experiments performed using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and basil (Ocimum basilicum). Biogas digestate was included in order to decrease use of peat and fertilizer. In separate experiments, combined greenhouse production of mushrooms and plants in fresh substrate, mushroom production in bags of fresh substrate or spent substrate from plant production, and plant production in spent substrate from mushroom production were studied. In terms of plant yield, positive impacts of combined culture were observed, with significantly higher yield of basil when mushroom spawn was added to fresh substrate at a concentration of 2% (p 0.04). Increasing the concentration to 10%, which was sufficient for fruiting body formation in parallel with plant production, did not increase basil yield compared with the control. When fresh substrate was partly replaced with spent substrate from mushroom production, significantly higher yield of basil was obtained (p 0.001). Mushroom production had an impact on the nutritional composition of the substrate, resulting in changes in nitrogen dynamics, a significant decrease in phosphorus concentration by 14% (p 0.001), and a change in extractable concentrations of five of 10 elements studied. In terms of mushroom yield, the impacts of combined production with plants were generally negative.
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| 45. |
- Hultberg, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Biofilm Formation by Chlorella vulgaris is Affected by Light Quality
- 2014
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In: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 69, s. 699-702
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Formation of biofilm on surfaces is a common feature in aquatic environments. Major groups of inhabitants in conditions where light is present are photoautotrophic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria and microalgae. This study examined the effect of light quality on growth and biofilm formation of the microalgal species Chlorella vulgaris. Dense biofilm formation and aggregated growth of cells were observed in treatments exposed to blue, purple and white light. Less dense biofilm formation and solitary growth of cells were observed in treatments exposed to red, yellow or green light. Microalgal biofilms are of high importance in many respects, not least from an economic perspective. One example is the intense efforts undertaken to control biofilm formation on technical surfaces such as ship hulls. The present study suggests that light quality plays a role in biofilm formation and that blue-light receptors may be involved.
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| 46. |
- Hultberg, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on sawdust supplemented with anaerobic digestate
- 2023
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In: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 155, s. 1-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion of organic waste results in production of biogas and a nutrient-rich digestate that has an established use as fertilizer in plant production. This study evaluated use of anaerobic digestate based on a high concentration of organic household waste as a fertilizer in sawdust-based production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Inclusion of 0.5 L of anaerobic digestate (AD) per kg sawdust gave similar productivity in terms of biological efficiency (79.5 +/- 5.4 %), and protein concentration (24.7 +/- 2.4 % of dry weight (dw)) as standard mushroom substrate (78.1 +/- 5.3 %, and 21.9 +/- 3.0 % of dw, respectively). However, mushroom growth was impaired at the highest concentration of anaerobic digestate tested, 1 L digestate per kg dw sawdust. Comparison of the AD-fertilized substrate with a mushroom substrate with standard components (sawdust, wheat bran, calcium sulfate) and with similar C/N-ratio revealed some differences in elemental composition of the fruiting bodies, with an major increase in sodium concentration for the AD-fertilized substrate compared with the standard substrate (413.3 +/- 28.9 and 226.7 +/- 30.6 mg kg(-1) dw, respectively). This difference can be explained by high sodium concentration in the anaerobic digestate, most likely due to inclusion of food scraps from households and restaurants in the biodigester feedstock. Screening of both substrates for a total of 133 micro -pollutants revealed that total sum of micropollutants was significantly higher in the AD-fertilized substrate (258 +/- 12 ng/g dw substrate) than in the standard substrate (191 +/- 35 ng/g dw substrate). Nitrogen losses during preparation of the AD-fertilized substrate were negligible.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Langabeer, Stephen E, et al.
(author)
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Molecular diagnostics of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).
- 2015
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In: European journal of haematology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0609 .- 0902-4441. ; 95:4, s. 270-279
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation in the majority of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis ten years ago, further MPN-specific mutational events, notably in JAK2 exon 12, MPL exon 10 and CALR exon 9 have been identified. These discoveries have been rapidly incorporated into evolving molecular diagnostic algorithms. While many of these mutations appear to have prognostic implications, establishing MPN diagnosis is of immediate clinical importance with selection, implementation and the continual evaluation of the appropriate laboratory methodology to achieve this diagnosis similarly vital. The advantages and limitations of these approaches in identifying and quantitating the common MPN-associated mutations is considered herein with particular regard to their clinical utility. The evolution of molecular diagnostic applications and platforms has occurred in parallel with the discovery of MPN-associated mutations and it therefore appears likely that emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing and digital PCR will in the future, play an increasing role in the molecular diagnosis of MPN. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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