| 1. |
- Asplund, Fredrik
(author)
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Risks Related to the Use of Software Tools when Developing Cyber-Physical Systems : A Critical Perspective on the Future of Developing Complex, Safety-Critical Systems
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The increasing complexity and size of modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has led to a sharp decline in productivity among CPS designers. Requirements on safety aggravate this problem further, both by being difficult to ensure and due to their high importance to the public.Tools, or rather efforts to facilitate the automation of development processes, are a central ingredient in many of the proposed innovations to mitigate this problem. Even though the safety-related implications of introducing automation in development processes have not been extensively studied, it is known that automation has already had a large impact on operational systems. If tools are to play a part in mitigating the increase in safety-critical CPS complexity, then their actual impact on CPS development, and thereby the safety of the corresponding end products, must be sufficiently understood.An survey of relevant research fields, such as system safety, software engineering and tool integration, is provided to facilitate the discussion on safety-related implications of tool usage. Based on the identification of industrial safety standards as an important source of information and considering that the risks posed by separate tools have been given considerable attention in the transportation domain, several high-profile safety standards in this domain have been surveyed. According to the surveyed standards, automation should primarily be evaluated on its reliable execution of separate process steps independent of human operators. Automation that only supports the actions of operators during CPS development is viewed as relatively inconsequential.A conceptual model and a reference model have been created based on the surveyed research fields. The former defines the entities and relationships most relevant to safety-related risks associated with tool usage. The latter describes aspects of tool integration and how these relate to each other. By combining these models, a risk analysis could be performed and properties of tool chains which need to be ensured to mitigate risk identified. Ten such safety-related characteristics of tool chains are described.These safety-related characteristics provide a systematic way to narrow down what to look for with regard to tool usage and risk. The hypothesis that a large set of factors related to tool usage may introduce risk could thus be tested through an empirical study, which identified safety-related weaknesses in support environments tied both to high and low levels of automation. The conclusion is that a broader perspective, which includes more factors related to tool usage than those considered by the surveyed standards, will be needed.Three possible reasons to disregard such a broad perspective have been refuted, namely requirements on development processes enforced by the domain of CPS itself, certain characteristics of safety-critical CPS and the possibility to place trust in a proven, manual development process. After finding no strong reason to keep a narrow perspective on tool usage, arguments are put forward as to why the future evolution of support environments may actually increase the importance of such a broad perspective.Suggestions for how to update the mental models of the surveyed safety standards, and other standards like them, are put forward based on this identified need for a broader perspective.
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| 2. |
- Bakhshi, Zeinab, 1986-
(author)
-
Lightweight Persistent Storage for Industrial Applications
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Clouds are large computer centers that offer remote access to computing and storage resources, making them popular for business and web applications. They are now being considered for use in safety-critical applications such as factories, but lack sufficient time predictability, which makes it challenging to use them in these time-sensitive applications. To overcome this limitation, an intermediate layer, the fog layer, is introduced to provide computational resources closer to the network edge. However, this new computing paradigm faces its own challenges in resource management, scalability, and reliability due to resource constrained nodes. Lightweight virtualization technologies like containerization can solve the performance-reliability dichotomy in fog computing and provide built-in fault tolerance mechanisms. By studying a robotic use-case, we realized the critical importance of persistent data storage for stateful applications, such as many control applications. However, container-based solutions lack fault-tolerant persistent storage. In this thesis, we identify new challenges associated with leveraging container-based architectures, particularly the importance of persistent storage for stateful applications. We investigate the design possibilities for persistent fault-tolerant storage and propose a solution adapted to container-based fog architectures and tailored for stateful applications. The solution provides scalability, auto recovery, and re-integration after failures at application and node levels. Key elements are a replicated data structure and a storage container, using a consensus protocol for distributed data consistency and fault tolerance in case of node failures. The fault tolerance and consistency of the solution are modeled and verified, and its timing requirements evaluated. We use simulation to evaluate the timing performance of our solution in larger set-ups. The results of our study show that although adding a consistency protocol introduces a timing overhead, the solution still meets timing requirements for the studied use-case even in presence of a set of relevant faults. By leveraging a four-dimensional approach, we also conduct a comparative analysis of our solution with other approaches from various perspectives, indicating that our solution can be applied in a broader context than initially intended.
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| 3. |
- Lindskog Bergström, Cecilia, 1981-
(author)
-
Tissue Microarrays for Analysis of Expression Patterns
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Proteins are essential building blocks in every living cell, and since the complete human genome was sequenced in 2004, researchers have attempted to map the human proteome, which is the functional representation of the genome. One such initiative is the Human Protein Atlas programme (HPA), which generates monospecific antibodies towards all human proteins and uses these for high-throughput tissue profiling on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The results are publically available at the website www.proteinatlas.org.In this thesis, TMAs were used for analysis of expression patterns in various research areas. Different search queries in the HPA were tested and evaluated, and a number of potential biomarkers were identified, e.g. proteins exclusively expressed in islets of Langerhans, but not in exocrine glandular cells or other abdominal organs close to pancreas. The identified candidates were further analyzed on TMAs with pancreatic tissues from normal and diabetic individuals, and colocalization studies with insulin and glucagon revealed that several of the investigated proteins (DGCR2, GBF1, GPR44 and SerpinB10) appeared to be beta cell specific. Moreover, a set of proteins differentially expressed in lung cancer stroma was further analyzed on a clinical lung cancer cohort in the TMA format, and one protein (CD99) was significantly associated with survival. In addition, TMAs with tissue samples from different species were generated, e.g. for mapping of influenza virus attachment in various human and avian tissues. The results showed that the gull influenza virus H16N3 attached to human respiratory tract and eye, suggesting possible transmission of the virus between gull and human. TMAs were also used for analysis of protein expression differences between humans and other primates, and two proteins (TCF3 and SATB2) proved to be significantly differentially expressed on the human lineage at both the protein level and the RNA level. In conclusion, this thesis exemplifies the potential of the TMA technology, which can be used for analysis of expression patterns in a large variety of research fields, such as biomarker discovery, influenza virus research or further understanding of human evolution.
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| 4. |
- Parseh, Masoumeh, 1989-
(author)
-
Pre-crash Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles in Unavoidable Collision Scenarios
- 2022
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Full deployment of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on public roads is challenging for organizations in the automotive domain in terms of developing safety standards and methods while taking legacy assumptions related to having a human driver and increased complexity and complexity handling into account. Specifically, the safety of AVs in the presence of other road users must be guaranteed as far as possible for different traffic scenarios. Furthermore, unsafe situations might emerge due to uncertainty in the environment of an AV. These situations could arise due to the unexpected behaviors of others (e.g., an aggressive driver), late obstacle detection, and internal failures. Avoiding a collision with other vehicles may thus not always be possible regardless of the complexity of the planned emergency maneuver.This thesis aims to address the problem of motion planning and control for AVs in these unique situations of unavoidable collisions. Several factors that are important in the problem formulation of a pre-crash motion planning problem for severity minimization are identified and addressed. As a result, a framework is developed that incorporates these factors and combines motion planning and control, vehicle dynamics, and accident analysis to mitigate collision risk, in particular, by reducing injury severity for vehicle occupants and increasing safety by changing the configuration of unavoidable collisions. This thesis tackles this problem by first proposing an algorithm that, in real-time, allows an AV to choose one action/trajectory, from a set of pre-computed trajectories, associated with the lowest injury severity for vehicle occupants. The method uses the trajectory library approach combined with numerical optimization and optimal control theories. The choice of this trajectory mainly relies upon a metric derived from accident data analysis that relates injury severity and impact location. By incorporating collision risk as a combination of collision severity and probability, the need for a configurable collision probability threshold that decides when a collision mitigation system should be activated is identified. This decision threshold balances the ability to reduce collision severity with the undesired increase in the likelihood of a collision taking place.The studies included in this thesis show that different decision-making strategies involving decision thresholds for collision mitigation/reconfiguration systems can lead to statistically significant differences in the resulting collision severity. Furthermore, unobserved heterogeneity may arise through the introduction of these systems, e.g., due to slight variations in the parameters of the algorithms they employ. The problem of motion planning in unavoidable collisions is further extended by proposing a unified system that incorporates the risks of post-impact motions resulting from the original impact. The extended framework can be configured for different contexts by adjusting its cost function according to relevant post-impact risks. The result of this thesis aims to contribute to the field of motion planning in unavoidable collisions and to provide guidance for further improvement of road safety. Further research is required to fully explore this field and address the challenges of motion planning and control in unavoidable collision scenarios.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Sandra, 1978-
(author)
-
Validation of antibodies for tissue based immunoassays
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In situ protein detection in human tissues using antibodies reveals the cellular protein localization, and affinity-based proteomic studies can help to discover proteins involved in the development of diseases. However, antibodies often suffer from cross-reactivity, and the lack of positive and negative tissue controls for uncharacterized proteins complicates the mapping of the proteome. The aim of this thesis is thus to improve the methodology for validating antibodies used for immunostaining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.Two of the papers include comparisons between mRNA-expression and immunostaining of corresponding protein. In paper I, ISH and IHC staining patterns were compared on consecutive TMA-slides. The study of well-characterized genes showed that ISH could be used for validation of antibodies. ISH was further used for antibody evaluation, and could validate four out of nine antibodies showing potentially interesting staining patterns. In paper III, transcriptomic data generated by RNA-sequencing were used to identify tissue specific expression in lymphohematopoietic tissues. An increased expression in one or more of these tissues compared to other tissue types was seen for 693 genes, and these were further compared to the staining patterns of corresponding proteins in tissues.Antibody labeling is necessary for many immunoassays. In paper II, two techniques for antibody-biotinylation were compared, aiming to find a stringent labeling method for antibodies used for immunostaining on TMAs. The ZBPA-method, binding specifically to Fc-part of antibodies, was found to be superior to the Lightning Link-biotinylation kit targeting amine groups, since labeling of amine groups on stabilizing proteins in the antibody buffer causes unspecific staining.The localization of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in human normal and cancer tissues was studied in paper IV. Thorough evaluation of 13 antibodies using positive and negative control cell lines showed that only one antibody, PPZ0506, is specific for ERβ in all three immunoassays used. Contradictory to previously published data, tissue profiling using PPZ0506 showed that ERβ is expressed in a limited number of normal and cancer tissues.In conclusion, the present investigations present tools for validation of antibodies used for large-scale studies of protein expression in tissues.
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| 6. |
- Asplund, Anna, 1971-
(author)
-
Molecular Analysis of Normal Human Skin and Basal Cell Carcinoma Using Microdissection Based Methods
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to gain further insight into the biology of normal human skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Morphology in combination with microdissection was used as primary tool for sampling.Using the X-chromosome inactivation assay, we found normal human skin to consist of a mosaic of cells, with either the maternal or the paternal X-chromosome inactivated. We believe that each tile is made up of several epidermal proliferative units with identical X-chromosome inactivation patterns. Using the same method, we found BCC to be a monoclonal neoplasm imbedded in polyclonal stroma. However, one tumor displayed clear evidence of being composed of two intermingled monoclonal tumors.To better enable molecular analysis of defined cells from tissue sections, we investigated a zinc-based fixative as alternative to neutral-buffered formalin. Zinc-based fixative preserves good quality of genomic DNA, with only slight impairment of morphology. In addition, it partly abrogates the need for antigen retrieval.The patched gene is involved in BCC development. We analyzed the distribution of a coding polymorphism (Pro/Leu) at codon 1315 in populations with different skin types. We found a reduced Pro/Pro genotype frequency in populations with lighter pigmentation. This in combination with genotype analyses of patients with multiple BCCs, showed that failure to lose the Pro allele during a shift towards lighter pigmented skin may be associated with an increased risk of developing BCC.We compared the expression profile of BCC cells with putative progenitor cells in the basal layer of epidermis. In addition to discovering several unknown genes, we found the Wnt signaling pathway to upregulated. Furthermore, differentiation markers were downregulated together with proteins important for scavenging of oxygen radicals.In conclusion, the combination of morphology, microdissection and subsequent molecular applications provided valid information deepening our understanding of normal skin and BCC.
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| 7. |
- Asplund, Fredrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Knowing too much? : On bias due to domain-specific knowledge in internal crowdsourcing for explorative ideas
- 2021
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In: R&D Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0033-6807 .- 1467-9310.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Internal crowdsourcing utilizes a firm’s employees, of which many have a strong understanding of the domains in which the firm operates, for contributing with, developing and evaluating ideas. On the one hand, these employees can use their domain-specific knowledge to identify the value of what may seem a far-fetched solution to the average employee. On the other hand, previous research has shown that employees typically evaluate ideas in their domains less favorably if they do not align with ongoing exploitation activities. Hence, this study focuses on whether a higher degree of relevant domain-specific knowledge makes employees participating in internal crowdsourcing prefer exploitative solutions when evaluating ideas. An empirical study of an online platform for firm-internal innovation in a multinational engineering company showed that employees who only infrequently participated in internal crowdsourcing mostly contributed to and evaluated ideas within their own domain. Employees who frequently participated also contributed to and evaluated ideas outside their own domains. By statistically analyzing group differences during idea evaluation, we show that employees participating infrequently favor exploitable solutions, whereas employees participating frequently are more uncertain. The former difference is only seen concerning ideas that require domain-specific knowledge to understand, but the latter is observed for all types of ideas. This study makes three substantial contributions. First, employees with domain-specific knowledge, through their preference for exploitative solutions, bias the outcome of internal crowdsourcing when idea evaluation requires domain-specific knowledge. Second, this bias is aggravated by the overall higher level of uncertainty displayed by employees participating frequently in internal crowdsourcing and thereby tend to reach out to other domains. Third, in order to mitigate this, bias management can build engagement in internal crowdsourcing through idea challenges that do not require domain-specific knowledge and consider avoiding employees with a strongly associated domain knowledge for idea evaluation.
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| 8. |
- Asplund, Fredrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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The genesis of public-private innovation ecosystems : Bias and challenges
- 2021
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In: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 162
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of technology increasingly depends on innovation ecosystems and frequently involves actors from both industry and academia. However, value creation may experience challenges due to bias formed during public-private innovation ecosystem genesis.This empirical study of bias in a new pan-European public-private initiative provides results regarding innovation ecosystems and the individuals typically active during their genesis: value creation is biased towards the selection of incumbent firms and complement challenges, and participation is biased towards engineers with knowledge of exploitation from multiple domains and researchers with knowledge of exploitation from single domains.This suggests that the implications of the loose coupling emphasised by the innovation ecosystems discourse and the knowledge of the different contexts in which firms capture value are more complex than previously acknowledged. The practical implications are that the ability of public innovation ecosystem leadership to act early on novel technology might be offset by the inability of involved firms to commit to bringing the technology to market and that individuals typically active during public-private innovation ecosystems genesis are not ideal for handling this challenge. In fact, increasingly connected public leadership could smother the innovation ecosystem unless well-connected and multidisciplinary researchers are brought in as brokers.
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| 9. |
- Asplund, Fredrik, 1977-
(author)
-
Tool Integration and Safety : A Foundation for Analysing the Impact of Tool Integrationon Non-functional Properties
- 2012
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The increasing complexity of embedded systems development is becoming difficult to handle with development environments based on disjoint engineering tools. Support for interactions between various engineering tools, especially through automated means, has therefore received an increased amount of attention during the last few years. The subsequent increase in the amount of tool integration is leading to an increased impact of tool integration on non-functional properties of development efforts, development environments and end products. At the same time there is a lack of methods and tools for analysing the relationship between these properties and tool integration. To establish a foundation for analysing this generic relationship, the specific relationship between tool integration and the safety of end products is analysed in this thesis.A survey was conducted to analyze the State of the Art of tool integration as related to safety. This survey specifically identified the lack of an efficient handling of tool integration by modern safety standards as an important concern. In relation to this survey, three theories were identified as of specific importance. These are the school of thought known as Systems Thinking, the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) causality model and the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) hazard analysis technique.Building on these theories, this thesis provides original contributions intended to (1) describe concepts and models related to tool integration and safety (the first and second contribution), (2) link tool integration to safety in a way that reduces complexity during analysis (the third contribution) and (3) propose how to interpret and make use of the implications of the presented theories and the first three contributions (the fourth and fifth contribution).• The first contribution is a new conceptual model of a development effort that emphasizes tool integration.• The second contribution is a new reference model for tool integration in highly heterogeneous environments.• The third contribution consists of nine safety-related tool chain properties, i.e. properties of tool chains that could mitigate at least part of the risks introduced by tool integration.• The fourth contribution is a proposition on how to identify safety implications due to a high level of automation of tool integration.• The fifth contribution is a proposition for a new software tool qualification process.
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| 10. |
- Ekstrand, Fredrik, 1974-
(author)
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Resource Optimized Stereo Matching in Reconfigurable Hardware for Autonomous Systems
- 2011
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a need for compact, high-speed, and low-power vision systems for enabling real-time mobile autonomous applications. The best approach to achieve this is to implement the bulk of the application in hardware. Reconfigurable hardware meet these requirements without the limitation of fixed functionality that accompanies application-specific circuits. Resource constraints of reconfigurable hardware calls for optimized implementations i terms of resource usage with maintained performance. The research group in Robotics at Mälardalen University is moving toward the completion of a reconfigurable hardware-platform for stereo vision, coupled with a compact embedded computer. This system will incorporate hardware-based preprocessing components enabling visual perception for autonomous machines. This thesis covers the reconfigurable hardware section of the vision system concerning the realization of scene depth extraction. It shows the advantages of image preprocessing in hardware and propose a resource optimized approach to stereo matching. The work quantifies the impact of reduced resource utilization and a desire for increased accuracy in disparity estimation. The implemented stereo matching approach performs on par with recent similar implementations in terms of accuracy, but excels in terms of resource utilization and resource sharing, as the external memory requirement is removed for larger images. Future work aims to further include processes for navigation, and structure and object recognition. Furthermore, the system will be adapted to real world scenarios, both indoors and outdoors.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Högelin, Klara Asplund, et al.
(author)
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Development of humoral and cellular immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 despite B cell depleting treatment in multiple sclerosis
- 2021
-
In: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 24:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- B cell depleting therapies (BCDTs) are widely used as immunomodulating agents for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Their possible impact on development of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We here evaluated the frequency of COVID-19-like symptoms and determined immunological responses in participants of an observational trial comprising several multiple sclerosis disease modulatory drugs (COMBAT-MS; NCT03193866) and in eleven patients after vaccination, with a focus on BCDT. Almost all seropositive and 17.9% of seronegative patients on BCDT, enriched for a history of COVID-19-like symptoms, developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory, and T cells displayed functional similarity to controls producing IFN-gamma and TNF. Following vaccination, vaccine-specific humoral memory was impaired, while all patients developed a specific T cell response. These results indicate that BCDTs do not abrogate SARS-CoV-2 cellular memory and provide a possible explanation as to why the majority of patients on BCDTs recover from COVID-19.
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| 13. |
- Parseh, Masoumeh, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Motion planning for autonomous vehicles with the inclusion of post-impact motions for minimising collision risk
- 2022
-
In: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; , s. 1-27
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The introduction of more automation into our vehicles is increasing our ability to avoid or mitigate the effects of collisions. Early systems could brake when a likely collision was detected, while more advanced systems will be able to steer to avoid or reconfigure a collision during the same circumstances. This paper addresses how the post-impact motion of an impacted vehicle could be included in the decision-making process of severity minimisation motion planning. A framework is proposed that builds on previous work by the authors, combining models from motion planning, vehicle dynamics, and accident reconstruction. This framework can be configured for different contexts by adjusting its cost function according to relevant risks. Simulations of the unified system are carried out and analysed from the perspective of vehicle model complexity and collision parameters sensitivity. Additionally, effects are highlighted concerning different modelling decisions, with respect to vehicle dynamics models and collision models, that are important to consider in further research.
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| 14. |
- Parseh, Masoumeh, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles with the Inclusion of Post-impact Motions for Minimizing Collision Risk
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The introduction of more automation into our vehicles is increasing our ability to avoid or mitigate the effects of collisions. Early systems could brake when a likely collision was detected, while more advanced systems will be able to steer to avoid or reconfigure a collision during the same circumstances. This paper addresses how the post-impact motion of an impacted vehicle could be included in the decision making process of severity minimization motion planning. A framework is proposed that builds on previous work by the authors, combining models from motion planning, vehicle dynamics and accident reconstruction. This framework can be configured for different contexts by adjusting its cost function according to relevant risks. Simulations of the unified system are carried out and analysed from the perspective of vehicle model complexity and collision parameters sensitivity. Additionally, effects are highlighted concerning different modeling decisions, with respect to vehicle dynamics models and collision models, that are important to consider in further research.
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| 15. |
- Parseh, Masoumeh, 1989-, et al.
(author)
-
Pre-Crash Vehicle Control and Manoeuvre Planning: A Step Towards Minimizing Collision Severity for Highly Automated Vehicles
- 2019
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In: 2019 IEEE International Conference of Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses the control of a highly automated vehicle in a traffic scenario, where colliding with other traffic agents is unavoidable. Such a critical situation could be the result of a fault in the vehicle, late obstacle detection or the presence of an aggressive driver. We provide an approach that allows the vehicle’s control system to choose the manoeuvre that is likely to lead to the least severe injuries to vehicle occupants.The approach involves the off-line solving of an optimal control problem to create a set of trajectories based on controlling the steering angle rate and the braking rate at the vehicle’s limits. Occupant injury severity prediction, based on accident data with the focus on impact location, is used by a real-time collision control algorithm to choose a trajectory from the pre-computed optimal set. A simulation set-up is presented to illustrate the idea of the collision control algorithm in a simple scenario involving dynamic traffic agents.
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| 16. |
- Strömberg, Sara, 1979-
(author)
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Antibody-based Profiling of Expression Patterns using Cell and Tissue Microarrays
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, methods to study gene and protein expression in cells and tissues were developed and utilized in combination with protein-specific antibodies, with the overall objective to attain greater understanding of protein function.To analyze protein expression in in vitro cultured cell lines, a cell microarray (CMA) was developed, facilitating antibody-based protein profiling of cell lines using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining patterns in cell lines were analyzed using image analysis, developed to automatically identify cells and immunohistochemical staining, providing qualitative and quantitative measurements of protein expression. Quantitative IHC data from CMAs stained with nearly 3000 antibodies was used to evaluate the adequacy of using cell lines as models for cancer tissue. We found that cell lines are homogenous with respect to protein expression profiles, and generally more alike each other, than corresponding cancer cells in vivo. However, we found variability between cell lines in regards to the level of retained tumor phenotypic traits, and identified cell lines with a preserved link to corresponding cancer, suggesting that some cell lines are appropriate model systems for specific tumor types. Specific gene expression patterns were analyzed in vitiligo vulgaris and malignant melanoma. Transcriptional profiling of vitiligo melanocytes revealed dysregulation of genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and melanosome function, thus highlighting some mechanisms possibly involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Two new potential markers for infiltrating malignant melanoma, Syntaxin-7 and Discs large homolog 5, were identified using antibody-based protein profiling of melanoma in a tissue microarray format. Both proteins were expressed with high specificity in melanocytic lesions, and loss of Syntaxin-7 expression was associated with more high-grade malignant melanomas.In conclusion, the combination of antibody-based proteomics and microarray technology provided valuable information of expression patterns in cells and tissues, which can be used to better understand associations between protein signatures and disease.
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| 17. |
- Törngren, Martin, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Competence Networks in the Era of CPS : Lessons Learnt in the ICES Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-domain Center
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy 2019. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030411305 - 9783030411312 ; , s. 264-283
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are evolving to become more intelligent, autonomous and collaborating, playing an important role in societal infrastructure. The amount of knowledge required in developing and managing future CPS will be unprecedented, leading to stronger needs for collaboration, competence provisioning, continuous learning and renewal of education. This is where “competence” (or learning) “networks” involving academia and industry play an important role. We elaborate and discuss needs, lessons learnt and challenges for such competence networks in the context of CPS. We draw upon our experiences gained from ICES - the KTH-industry cross-disciplinary and multi-domain competence network which in 2019 has been operational for 11 years, growing from 6 to more than 30 participating organizations. The ICES network focuses on activities to support students, industrial engineers and managers, and academic faculty, acting as a network, catalyst and competence provider directed towards these stakeholders. We elaborate challenges faced during the operation of ICES including the lack of prioritization of competence networks and education, the paradox with strong needs for competence networks but perceived lack of time, the challenges of reaching out to stakeholders, and fragmented efforts addressing competence provisioning. We finally discuss ways forward. In conclusion, we believe that the ICES type of network could be relevant in many other areas characterized by complex systems.
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| 18. |
- Törngren, Martin, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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The role of competence networks in the era of Cyber-Physical Systems : Promoting knowledge sharing and knowledge exchange
- 2020
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In: IEEE design & test. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-2356 .- 2168-2364. ; 37:6, s. 8-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Needs for new engineering methodologies, curriculum renewal, and new forms of education and training arise, as Cyber-Physical Systems are becoming smarter, more automated, connected and collaborative. In this setting, the use of competence networks, i.e. non-profit collaborations between industry and academia aiming to promote learning and knowledge creation, stands out as a promising approach. Drawing upon experiences from the Innovative Center for Embedded Systems, a KTH-Industry cross-disciplinary and multidomain competence network for students, practicing engineers, managers, and academic faculty, we describe and reflect on challenges and lessons learnt during the 11 years of operation of the ICES network. The findings support a need to emphasize knowledge sharing and exchange encompassing multiple disciplines and cross-domain industrial experience. A competence network acts as a social network that facilitates communication, learning and knowledge creation for both individuals and organizations. Competence networks can thus act as tools for policy makers, creating incentives for life-long learning inside companies. A focused engagement and activities directed towards stakeholders help to establish trust, providing potential for agile and persevering forms of cooperation.
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| 19. |
- Vitucci, Carlo, 1967-
(author)
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The role of fault management in the embedded system design
- 2024
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the last decade, the world of telecommunications has seen the value ofservices definitively affirmed and the loss of the connectivity value. This changeof pace in the use of the network (and available hardware resources) has ledto continuous, unlimited growth in data traffic, increased incomes for serviceproviders, and a constant erosion of operators’ incomes for voice and ShortMessage Service (SMS) traffic.The change in mobile service consumption is evident to operators. Themarket today is in the hands of over the top (OTT) media content deliverycompanies (Google, Meta, Netflix, Amazon, etc.), and The fifth generation ofmobile networks (5G), the latest generation of mobile architecture, is nothingother than how operators can invest in system infrastructure to participate in theprosperous service business.With the advent of 5G, the worlds of cloud and telecommunications havefound their meeting point, paving the way for new infrastructures and ser-vices, such as smart cities, industry 4.0, industry 5.0, and Augmented Reality(AR)/Virtual Reality (VR). People, infrastructures, and devices are connected toprovide services that we even struggle to imagine today, but a highly intercon-nected system requires high levels of reliability and resilience.Hardware reliability has increased since the 1990s. However, it is equallycorrect to mention that the introduction of new technologies in the nanometerdomain and the growing complexity of on-chip systems have made fault man-agement critical to guarantee the quality of the service offered to the customerand the sustainability of the network infrastructure.In this thesis, our first contribution is a review of the fault managementimplementation framework for the radio access network domain. Our approachintroduces a holistic vision in fault management where there is increasingly moresignificant attention to the recovery action, the crucial target of the proposedframework. A new contribution underlines the attention toward the recoverytarget: we revisited the taxonomy of faults in mobile systems to enhance theresult of the recovery action, which, in our opinion, must be propagated betweenthe different layers of an embedded system ( hardware, firmware, middleware,and software). The practical adoption of the new framework and the newtaxonomy allowed us to make a unique contribution to the thesis: the proposalof a new algorithm for managing system memory errors, both temporary (soft)and permanent (hard)The holistic vision of error management we introduced in this thesis involveshardware that proactively manages faults. An efficient implementation of faultmanagement is only possible if the hardware design considers error-handlingtechniques and methodologies. Another contribution of this thesis is the def-inition of the fault management requirements for the RAN embedded systemhardware design.Another primary function of the proposed fault management framework isfault prediction. Recognizing error patterns means allowing the system to reactin time, even before the error condition occurs, or identifying the topology of theerror to implement more targeted and, therefore, more efficient recovery actions.The operating temperature is always a critical characteristic of embedded radioaccess network systems. Base stations must be able to work in very differenttemperature conditions. However, the working temperature also directly affectsthe probability of error for the system. In this thesis, we have also contributed interms of a machine-learning algorithm for predicting the working temperature ofbase stations in radio access networks — a first step towards a more sophisticatedimplementation of error prevention and prediction.
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