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- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(author)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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- Bengtsson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Beamforming and bit-loading strategies for multi-user SDMA with admission control
- 2005
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In: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. ; , s. 842-846
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we address the problem of transmit beamforming, power allocation, bit loading, and admission control in a multi-user scenario, where several single antenna mobile terminals are served by one base station equipped with an antenna array. In particular, we explore the impact of using either optimal or zero-forcing transmit beamforming schemes in combination with different bit allocation strategies, namely the Maximization of the Sum Rate (MSR), the Maximization of the Minimum Rate (MMR) and a modified version of the latter, for a finite set of modulation schemes. The performance evaluation is conducted by means of system-level simulations, using a realistic channel model for urban micro cells, with an emphasis not only on the aggregated cell throughput but also on the associated fairness issues.
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- Londres, Marina, et al.
(author)
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Place-based solutions for global social-ecological dilemmas : An analysis of locally grounded, diversified, and cross-scalar initiatives in the Amazon
- 2023
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In: Global Environmental Change. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Amazon has a diverse array of social and environmental initiatives that adopt forest-based land-use practices to promote rural development and support local livelihoods. However, they are often insufficiently recognized as transformative pathways to sustainability and the factors that explain their success remain understudied. To address this gap, this paper proposes that local initiatives that pursue three particular pathways are more likely to generate improvements in social-ecological outcomes: (1) maintaining close connections with local grassroots, (2) pursuing diversity in productive activities performed and partnership choices, and (3) developing cross-scale collaborations. To test these ideas we collected and analyzed observations of 157 initiatives in Brazil and Peru, applying a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results show that initiatives maintaining groundedness in representing the interests and concerns of local actors while partnering with other organizations at multiple scales are more likely to develop joint solutions to social-ecological problems. Partnerships and support from external organizations may strengthen and enhance local capabilities, providing a platform for negotiating interests and finding common ground. Such diversified pathways demonstrate the power of local actors to transcend their own territories and have broader impacts in sustainability objectives. Our findings highlight the need to make governmental and non-governmental support (e.g., financial, technical, political) available according to local needs to enable local initiatives' own ways of addressing global environmental change.
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- Pasanen, Pirjo, et al.
(author)
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EU FP6 IST-2003-507581 WINNER, D2.6 Assessment of Multiple Access Technologies, Oct 2004.
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this deliverable is to perform a first assessment of wireless access/multipleaccess technologies for the WINNER system concept. The study of multiple access schemes is theresponsibility of Task 4 within the WINNER workpackage 2. The work requires the collection andassessment of the numerous ideas and proposals available. The technologies and combinations oftechnologies are also assessed and compared, to identify the most promising strategies and combinations.The latter work is primarily performed by multi-link simulation and system-level simulation
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