| 1. |
- Altincekic, Nadide, et al.
(author)
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Targeting the Main Protease (Mpro, nsp5) by Growth of Fragment Scaffolds Exploiting Structure-Based Methodologies
- 2024
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In: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 19:2, s. 563-574
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main protease Mpro, nsp5, of SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) is one of its most attractive drug targets. Here, we report primary screening data using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of four different libraries and detailed follow-up synthesis on the promising uracil-containing fragment Z604 derived from these libraries. Z604 shows time-dependent binding. Its inhibitory effect is sensitive to reducing conditions. Starting with Z604, we synthesized and characterized 13 compounds designed by fragment growth strategies. Each compound was characterized by NMR and/or activity assays to investigate their interaction with Mpro. These investigations resulted in the four-armed compound 35b that binds directly to Mpro. 35b could be cocrystallized with Mpro revealing its noncovalent binding mode, which fills all four active site subpockets. Herein, we describe the NMR-derived fragment-to-hit pipeline and its application for the development of promising starting points for inhibitors of the main protease of SCoV2.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kjell, 1956-2014, et al.
(author)
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Limited GIS skills hamper spatial planning for green infrastructures in Sweden
- 2022
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In: Geografiska Notiser. - : Geografilärarnas Riksförening. - 0016-724X. ; 80:1, s. 16-35
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The term green infrastructure captures the need to conserve biodiversity and to sustain landscapes’ different ecosystem services. Maintaining green infrastructures through protected areas, management and landscape restoration requires knowledge in geography, spatial data about biophysical, anthropogenic and immaterial values, spatial comprehensive planning, and thus geographical information systems (GIS). To understand land use planning practices and planning education regarding GIS in Sweden we interviewed 43 planners and reviewed 20 planning education programmes. All planners used GIS to look at data but did not carry out spatial analyses of land covers. BSc programmes included more GIS than MSc programmes but very few taught analyses for spatial planning. As key spatial planning actors, municipalities’ barriers and bridges for improved GIS use for collaborative learning about green infrastructures are discussed. A concluding section presents examples of how GIS can support spatial planning for green infrastructures.
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| 4. |
- Bax, Gerhard, et al.
(author)
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3D Multisensor Study of the Geology and Geomorphology of Mount Quomolangma, Southern Tibetan Himalaya
- 2005
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Based on a number of Digital Terrain Models (DTM) different aspects of the geology of Mount Everest will be visualized. We use terrain models based on ASTER satellite images, the “ETH” DTM (Prof. Dr. Armin Gruen, Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich), as well as SRTM-data and own digitized contours taken from maps (1 : 10 000) kindly provided by Dr. Brad Washburn (Boston museum of Science) in our study to create a 3D view over the study area. Differences in the DTMs will be discussed together with the way in which they merged to form our data base.Ground truth of the geological information is given by the newly released geological map of the Everest region (Searle, 2003), and fieldwork carried out by both authors independently at different occasions. Satellite imagery used in this study was produced by the following space born high resolution sensors:Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, MOMS, ASTER, and HYPERIONFinally we draped geological maps and remote sensing imagery over the optimized DTM, which allowed an interactive evaluation and comparison of the different data sets. Results from supervised classifications of the imagery will be compared with different maps based on geological fieldwork. The interaction and dependence of geology and geomorphology of the Mt. Everest Massif will be discussed.Searle, M.P. 2003. Geological Map of the Mount Everest region, Nepal - South Tibet Himalaya. Scale 1:100,000. Dept. Earth sciences, Oxford University, UK.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bax, Gerhard, et al.
(author)
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GIS BASED STUDY OF ROCK SLOPE INSTABILITIES IN MOUNTAINOUS KARST AREAS AND THE CONSEQUENCES ON HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, GUIZHOU PROVINCE, CHINA
- 2004
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The Guizhou Province in southwest central China is characterized by complex geological fold belts resulting in a varying geomorphologic pattern with steep valleys and ridges. The dominating carbonate rocks cause a karst environment with rough topography and bedrock outcrops lacking soil cover, leading to a fragmentation of the natural ecology environment. Soil erosion is another major problem of this densely populated area.During intense exploitation of the area due to extended highway construction projects, there are risks for further fragmentation of the landscape. The construction process furthermore is triggering the establishment of rock falls and rock landslides endangering natural ecosystems and human lives. For the prediction and prevention of larger rock falls and rock landslides it is necessary to measure dip and strike of bedding and joints in the involved geological strata in relation to road directions. These data, together with elevation data and its derivates (slope, aspect) are put together in a GIS system enabling risk assessment for geohazards. The elevation data for this study are derived from freely available SRTM data with a 90 m grid. Landsat TM and ETM+ is use as ancillary data. The lithological and tectonic information is based on the Geological Map of Guizhou province, scale 1 : 500 000, dip and strike from local measurements.Based on the derived information we hope to establish recommendations for the design and construction of prevention measures.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bax, Gerhard
(author)
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Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography : Karlstad, August 19 - 21, 1996
- 1997
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This publication summarizes the results of the 4th International Symposium on High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography held in August 1996 at the University of Karlstad. More than 30 researchers from 16 countries and 5 continents met in Karlstad to discuss environmental and cartographic aspects of High Mountain areas, studied with remote sensing techniques. This "paper version" is printed in black and white, but all 24 scientific papers, selected imagery, and a computer animated flight through a LANDSAT image over the excursion area are included in color on the enclosed CD-ROM.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Kayondo-Ndandiko, Lydia Mazzi, et al.
(author)
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Algorithmic Incorporation of Geographical Information Technologies in Road Infrastructure Maintenance in Uganda
- 2011
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geographical Information Technologies (GITs) are underutilized for Road Infrastructure Maintenance (RIM) in Uganda, thus the necessity to rationally incorporate their use as decision support tools in the participating organizations. GITs herein include Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and web based tools such as Google earth. This paper is rooted in research undertaken to assess the use of GITs as decision support tools in RIM in Uganda. Basing on results from interviews, field visits & measures and participant observations, the gaps and limitations to the usage of GITs for RIM in Uganda are discussed. Data requirements for RIM are stipulated. The paper suggests an algorithmic approach to accentuate the usage of GITs in the RIM process. This involves: a policy on data collection guidelines emphasizing the use of GPS, satellite imagery and GIS, capacity building in the benefits of using GITs and the science involved, establishment of local spatial data infrastructures for road maintenance data and setting aside yearly budgets for the defined activities. The dynamic segmentation data model is considered a superior data storage strategy within the GIS.
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| 21. |
- Kayondo-Ndandiko, Lydia Mazzi, et al.
(author)
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An Overview of the Gaps and Limitations in the Utilization of GITs for Road Infrastructure Maintenance in Uganda
- 2010
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is part of ongoing research on the use of Geographical Information Technologies (GITs) as decision support tools in road infrastructure maintenance in Uganda. It discusses the gaps in the use of GITs in the road infrastructure maintenance process of Uganda and the limitations experienced while enhancing the use of these technologies. Road maintenance organizations using GITs are often faced with the need and desire to solve similar and cross-cutting technical problems that are repetitive in nature. However, their current institutional arrangements do not permit forging of lasting partnerships, use of standardized data and operating under a coordinated GIS infrastructure. They also lack common and standardized datasets to address key state-wide and local maintenance requirements. Challenges to coordinating how geospatial data are acquired and utilized are the norm in Uganda. Similarly, collection of duplicate data sets at the local and national levels is a common scenario. We finally identify the limitations to use of GITs in the sector as; lack of infrastructure to support utilization of geographic datasets, unavailability of and limited accessibility to geographic data, lack of geospatial capacity at individual and organizational levels and the digital divide. Above all, there are no policies for accessibility and standard use of GITs.
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| 22. |
- Kayondo-Ndandiko, Lydia Mazzi, et al.
(author)
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Geographical Information Technologies as Decision Support Tools in Road Infrastructure maintenance in Uganda
- 2009
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A well maintained transportation system of any country plays a key role in infrastructural development thus promoting sustainable development. Road transport in Uganda is by far the most dominant mode of transport. The sector carries well over 90% of passenger and freight traffic. It thus serves as true backbone to support the country’s economy. Roads provide the only means of access to most of the rural communities and effective maintenance of this asset is vital to the Government of Uganda’s (GoU) strategy for economic development and poverty eradication. It is of recent, that preventive maintenance is being appreciated in Uganda and plans of making it a priority are being put in place. The spatial data on which Road Infrastructure Maintenance (RIM) actions are based, are not comprehensive enough. However, Geographical Information Technologies (GITs) are known to enable asset management to function in the collection, storage and analysis of data for decision making. This is an ongoing research expected to develop an integral framework for enhancing the use of GITs as decision support tools in the maintenance of roads in Uganda. A specific application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is to be demonstrated by developing a prototype model to predict maintenance required areas in a section of the study area. Document review, interviews, participant observations, and field visits and measures are cross cuttingly being used to generate the required parameters for consideration in the modelling and development of the framework. Content analysis, GIS spatial analyses and modelling will eventually be used to analyse the gathered data. The content of the paper details the research concept and preliminary findings yet to be fully analysed.
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| 23. |
- Kayondo-Ndandiko, Lydia Mazzi, et al.
(author)
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Low Cost Methodology for Preliminary Road Maintenance Decision Support
- 2011
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a low cost GIT based data collection technology that is similar and an input to the ROad Maintenance Data Acquisition System (ROMDAS). It is composed of a vehicle, two digital video cameras, 2 GPS receivers and a notebook computer. Two different camcorders used for comparison purposes (one real color and the other a modified consumer camera to register infrared) are mounted at the front of the vehicle using a homemade gyro mounting. The GPS receivers are placed at the dash board of the vehicle. The notebook computer and GPS receivers are configured to record the position of the vehicle as it moves. The GPS log files maintain recordings of the latitude, longitude, time, speed and altitude of the vehicle position, as the researcher annotates a map document in the ArcGIS 9.3 software with location referencing details and various road attributes. This data collection technology is aimed at exposing the potential of Geographic Information Technologies (GITs) in performing inventory of the road condition. The captured data may be useful for a variety of applications relevant to road inventory and maintenance. It is basically recommended for preliminary road maintenance diagnosis for which in depth road analysis may proceed for the affected road sections. With this technology, it is possible to map road marks and other architecture along the road and provide a map immediately by the end of the survey. In conclusion, data mining of the spatial video databases to facilitate routine and periodic maintenance decisions and the possibility to modify consumer cameras for research purposes is recommended.
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| 24. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
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A roadmap to improve the quality of atrial fibrillation management : proceedings from the fifth Atrial Fibrillation Network/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference
- 2016
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In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 18:1, s. 37-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At least 30 million people worldwide carry a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF), and many more suffer from undiagnosed, subclinical, or 'silent' AF. Atrial fibrillation-related cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including cardiovascular deaths, heart failure, stroke, and hospitalizations, remain unacceptably high, even when evidence-based therapies such as anticoagulation and rate control are used. Furthermore, it is still necessary to define how best to prevent AF, largely due to a lack of clinical measures that would allow identification of treatable causes of AF in any given patient. Hence, there are important unmet clinical and research needs in the evaluation and management of AF patients. The ensuing needs and opportunities for improving the quality of AF care were discussed during the fifth Atrial Fibrillation Network/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference in Nice, France, on 22 and 23 January 2015. Here, we report the outcome of this conference, with a focus on (i) learning from our 'neighbours' to improve AF care, (ii) patient-centred approaches to AF management, (iii) structured care of AF patients, (iv) improving the quality of AF treatment, and (v) personalization of AF management. This report ends with a list of priorities for research in AF patients.
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| 25. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation : emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options - a report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference
- 2012
-
In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 14:1, s. 8-27
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is improved by guideline-conform application of anticoagulant therapy, rate control, rhythm control, and therapy of accompanying heart disease, the morbidity and mortality associated with AF remain unacceptably high. This paper describes the proceedings of the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET)/European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus conference that convened over 60 scientists and representatives from industry to jointly discuss emerging therapeutic and diagnostic improvements to achieve better management of AF patients. The paper covers four chapters: (i) risk factors and risk markers for AF; (ii) pathophysiological classification of AF; (iii) relevance of monitored AF duration for AF-related outcomes; and (iv) perspectives and needs for implementing better antithrombotic therapy. Relevant published literature for each section is covered, and suggestions for the improvement of management in each area are put forward. Combined, the propositions formulate a perspective to implement comprehensive management in AF.
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| 26. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
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Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation : executive summary of the proceedings from the 2nd AFNET-EHRA consensus conference 'research perspectives in AF'
- 2009
-
In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 30:24, s. 2969-2977
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes important mortality and morbidity on a population-level. So far, we do not have the means to prevent AF or AF-related complications adequately. Therefore, over 70 experts on atrial fibrillation convened for the 2nd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference to suggest directions for research to improve management of AF patients (Appendix 1). The group defined three main areas in need for research in AF: 1. better understanding of the mechanisms of AF; 2. Improving rhythm control monitoring and management; and 3. comprehensive cardiovascular risk management in AF patients. The group put forward the hypothesis that successful therapy of AF and its associated complications will require comprehensive therapy. This applies e.g. to the "old" debate of "rate versus rhythm control", since rhythm control is generally added to underlying (continued) rate control therapy, but also to the emerging debate of "antiarrhythmic drugs versus catheter ablation", of which both may be needed in most patients to maintain sinus rhythm, but also to therapy of conditions that predispose to AF and contribute to cardiovascular complications such as stroke, cognitive decline, heart failure, and acute coronary syndromes. We call for research initiatives aiming at a better understanding of the different causes of AF and its complications, and at development and validation of mechanism-based therapies. The future of AF therapy may require a combination of management of underlying and concomitant conditions, early and comprehensive rhythm control therapy, adequate control of ventricular rate and cardiac function, and continuous therapy to prevent AF-associated complications (e.g. antithrombotic therapy). The reasons for these suggestions are detailed in this paper.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
-
Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary
- 2007
-
In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-9645 .- 0195-668X. ; 28:22, s. 2803-2817
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common atrial arrhythmia, has a complex aetiology and causes relevant morbidity and mortality due to different mechanisms, including but not limited to stroke, heart failure, and tachy- or bradyarrhythmia. Current therapeutic options (rate control, rhythm control, antithrombotic therapy, 'upstream therapy') only prevent a part of this burden of disease. Several new treatment modalities are therefore under evaluation in controlled trials. Given the multifold clinical consequences of AF, trials in AF patients should assess the effect of therapy in each of the main outcome domains. This paper describes an expert consensus of required outcome parameters in seven relevant outcome domains, namely death, stroke, symptoms and quality of life, rhythm, left ventricular function, cost, and emerging outcome parameters. In addition to these 'requirements' for outcome assessment in AF trials, further, more detailed outcome parameters are described. In addition to a careful selection of a relevant primary outcome parameter, coverage of outcomes in all major domains of AF- related morbidity and mortality is desirable for any clinical trial in AF.
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| 29. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
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Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation - Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German atrial fibrillation competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association
- 2007
-
In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2092 .- 1099-5129. ; 9:11, s. 1006-1023
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common atria[ arrhythmia, has a complex aetiology and causes relevant morbidity and mortality due to different mechanisms, including but not limited to stroke, heart failure, and tachy- or bradyarrhythmia. Current therapeutic options (rate control, rhythm control, antithrombotic therapy, 'upstream therapy') only prevent a part of this burden of disease. New treatment modalities are therefore currently under evaluation in clinical trials. Given the multifold clinical consequences of AF, controlled trials in AF patients should assess the effect of therapy in each of the main outcome domains. This paper describes an expert consensus of required outcome parameters in seven relevant outcome domains, namely death, stroke, symptoms and quality of life, rhythm, left ventricular function, cost, and emerging outcome parameters. In addition to these 'requirements' for outcome assessment in AF trials, further outcome parameters are described in each outcome domain. In addition to a careful selection of a relevant primary outcome parameter, coverage of outcomes in all major domains of AF-related morbidity and mortality is desirable for any clinical trial in AF.
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| 30. |
- Kirchhof, Paulus, et al.
(author)
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Personalized management of atrial fibrillation : Proceedings from the fourth Atrial Fibrillation competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference
- 2013
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In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 15:11, s. 1540-1556
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The management of atrial fibrillation (AF) has seen marked changes in past years, with the introduction of new oral anticoagulants, new antiarrhythmic drugs, and the emergence of catheter ablation as a common intervention for rhythm control. Furthermore, new technologies enhance our ability to detect AF. Most clinical management decisions in AF patients can be based on validated parameters that encompass type of presentation, clinical factors, electrocardiogram analysis, and cardiac imaging. Despite these advances, patients with AF are still at increased risk for death, stroke, heart failure, and hospitalizations. During the fourth Atrial Fibrillation competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association (AFNET/EHRA) consensus conference, we identified the following opportunities to personalize management of AF in a better manner with a view to improve outcomes by integrating atrial morphology and damage, brain imaging, information on genetic predisposition, systemic or local inflammation, and markers for cardiac strain. Each of these promising avenues requires validation in the context of existing risk factors in patients. More importantly, a new taxonomy of AF may be needed based on the pathophysiological type of AF to allow personalized management of AF to come to full fruition. Continued translational research efforts are needed to personalize management of this prevalent disease in a better manner. All the efforts are expected to improve the management of patients with AF based on personalized therapy.
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| 31. |
- Kotecha, Dipak, et al.
(author)
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Integrating new approaches to atrial fibrillation management : the 6th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference.
- 2018
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In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 20:3, s. 395-407
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are major challenges ahead for clinicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The population with AF is expected to expand considerably and yet, apart from anticoagulation, therapies used in AF have not been shown to consistently impact on mortality or reduce adverse cardiovascular events. New approaches to AF management, including the use of novel technologies and structured, integrated care, have the potential to enhance clinical phenotyping or result in better treatment selection and stratified therapy. Here, we report the outcomes of the 6th Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation Network (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), held at the European Society of Cardiology Heart House in Sophia Antipolis, France, 17-19 January 2017. Sixty-two global specialists in AF and 13 industry partners met to develop innovative solutions based on new approaches to screening and diagnosis, enhancing integration of AF care, developing clinical pathways for treating complex patients, improving stroke prevention strategies, and better patient selection for heart rate and rhythm control. Ultimately, these approaches can lead to better outcomes for patients with AF.
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| 32. |
- Landray, Martin J., et al.
(author)
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Improving public health by improving clinical trial guidelines and their application
- 2017
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In: European Heart Journal. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 38:21, s. 1632-1637B
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Evidence generated from randomized controlled trials forms the foundation of cardiovascular therapeutics and has led to the adoption of numerous drugs and devices that prolong survival and reduce morbidity, as well as the avoidance of interventions that have been shown to be ineffective or even unsafe. Many aspects of cardiovascular research have evolved considerably since the first randomized trials in cardiology were conducted. In order to be large enough to provide reliable evidence about effects on major outcomes, cardiovascular trials may now involve thousands of patients recruited from hundreds of clinical sites in many different countries. Costly infrastructure has developed to meet the increasingly complex organizational and operational requirements of these clinical trials. Concerns have been raised that this approach is unsustainable, inhibiting the reliable evaluation of new and existing treatments, to the detriment of patient care. These issues were considered by patients, regulators, funders, and trialists at a meeting of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Roundtable in October 2015. This paper summarizes the key insights and discussions from the workshop, highlights subsequent progress, and identifies next steps to produce meaningful change in the conduct of cardiovascular clinical research.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Mazzi-Ndandiko, Lydia Kayondo, et al.
(author)
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Object Based GIS-T Data Model for Road Infrastucture Maintenance in Uganda
- 2014
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In: Geoinformatics & Geostatistics: An Overview. - : SciTechnol. - 2327-4581. ; 1:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract There are several cases of poor transport services in Uganda that are caused by the bad state of roads. Road maintenance proved ad hoc until recently when the need for preventive maintenance was recognised and plans of making it a priority put in place. Since roads are geographically located, the use of Geographical Information Technologies (GITs) in collecting, managing and analysing road condition is paramount. And yet, these technologies are under utilized for road maintenance. This paper derives from research aimed at accentuating the use of GITs for Road Infrastructure Maintenance (RIM) in Uganda. The research addressed three objectives, (1) to access the gaps and limitations in GIT use and access for RIM, (2) to develop a methodological framework for enhancing the use of GITs in RIM and (3) to develop a Geographical Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T) data model for RIM in Uganda. In line with the 3rd objective, the paper specifically presents an object data model for RIM. This was accomplished through identification of road maintenance data requirements, review of: organisational reports, workshop proceedings, organisational terms of reference for various projects and existing data models & standards in transportation. An understanding and consideration of the Information Quality Levels (IQL) was paramount. This resulted into a conceptual and logical data model for RIM based on concepts of dynamic segmentation and linear referencing. The conceptual model depicted using entity relationship diagrams identifies with 3 entities - the road’s network and the point and line events that exist on it. Besides logically documenting the various classes from the conceptual data model, the ESRI provided template for logical data modelling was used. The model separately emphasizes objects having spatial reference, objects without spatial reference and the relationships between them. The study concludes that a common definition and understanding of the country’s transportation network is essential to adoption of the proposed model. The choice of GIS software with the full set of dynamic segmentation tools is fundamental for implementation of the physical model. This idea of modelling data is a contribution to standardisation of geographic data sets for the sector. Keywords Data model; Dynamic segmentation; Geographical Information Technologies (GITs); Road Infrastructure Maintenance (RIM); Linear referencing; Uganda
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Musinguzi, Moses, et al.
(author)
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OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR SDI DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - : A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA
- 2004
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In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geoinformatics. - 919749481X
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developments in Spatial data collection and use have led to what are currently known as Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). SDIs are technologies, policies, standards, and human resources to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilisation of geo-spatial information. SDIs are generally believed to play a big role in optimising the utilisation of spatial data, which in turn leads to the development of a nation. SDIs are currently benefiting developed countries, which are characterised by high levels of IT, adequate financial resources and huge quantities of spatial data. However, SDI concepts are now being disseminated into developing countries whose levels of IT do not match those of the developed countries; where most mapping and GIS programs are funded through foreign aid and huge quantities of spatial data are still kept on paper maps. There is still uncertainty as to whether developing countries are ready to utilise the benefits of SDI. Like many developing countries, Uganda is in the processes of developing a national spatial data infrastructure. Initial studies for developing a National Spatial Data Infrastructure and a National Land Information System have been carried out. Data was collected from different institutions, compiled in a CRUD Matrix and analysed using a methodology of assessing individual SDI components. The experience from these studies gives us an insight into what opportunities and challenges are ahead of developing countries trying to develop SDI. Whereas most of the challenges are similar in developed and developing countries,the unique challenges in developing countries are those sociated with underdevelopment and multiple donor aid. These challenges require that the components of SDI in developing countries take a slightly different shape but should serve the general purposeof establishing SDI.
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| 38. |
- Ndandiko-Kayondo, Lydia Mazzi, et al.
(author)
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Geographic Information Systems for Road Transportation : Data Model for Road Infrastructure Maintenance in Uganda
- 2011
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A lot of data is involved in the planning and management of road maintenance operations. Since majority of these operations are based on location, a great deal of this data is spatial in nature. In Uganda, much of this data is stored as text document files, excel data sheets and video logs. Some organisations have nevertheless managed to store these data in Microsoft access databases linked to GIS systems. Even though the structuring of road maintenance data is not uniform, this data is shared by several organisations and often is required as archives for future use. Successful data sharing requires a common schema that is flexible to handle the needs of diverse participants. It is therefore apparent to have a data model that can boost data exchange between these organisations. Basing on document review and analysis of existing road datasets, this paper proposes a data model for road maintenance in Uganda. As foundation to a feasible data model recommendation, the road network numbering & referencing system in Uganda is discussed and a review of the nature of road maintenance data is made. In addition, a review of the fundamental GIS data models in transportation highlighting their major characteristics, strengths and weaknesses is made. Dynamic segmentation as an extension to the traditional arc-node data model is recommended for Uganda. As cited in the paper, several researchers have found this data model successful in dealing with transport planning analysis. Due to the multifaceted and varying aspects of road maintenance data, this model allows for the analysis of precise and high value spatial resolution segments within the GIS. The location of multiple events can be stored with linearly referenced attributes without duplication with route geometry. More importantly, it allows for the sharing of network infrastructure with several applications for which transport data may be required.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Romer, Rolf L., et al.
(author)
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The rhombohedral framework of the Scandinavian Caledonides and their foreland
- 1992
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In: Geologische Rundschau. - 0016-7835 .- 1432-1149. ; 81:2, s. 391-401
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Baltic Shield of northern Europe is transsected by approximately N-S and NW-SE striking Proterozoic fault and fracture zones that were remobilized during the Late Precambrian opening of the Iapetus ocean and the SE-directed thrusting of the Caledonian nappes in Mid-Paleozoic time. Remobilizations of these older structures account for a distinct subsidence history and sedimentological evolution over each fault-bounded basement segment during opening of the Iapetus and for a distinct metamorphic and structural development found within each block during overthrusting of the Caledonian nappes and the exhumation of the orogen. The two fault sets define basement blocks with rhombus-like plan sections which had individual subsidence histories during Iapetus rifting as is expressed by their Late Precambrian (Riphean and Vendian) to Silurian sedimentary cover of contrasting thickness and facies. This contrasting subsidence history of the various basement blocks may have contributed to differences in thrusting level, thrust excision (nappe size), and tectonic style. Correlative Caledonian nappes from adjacent faultbounded basement blocks were thrust diachronously resulting in transport transverse to the general thrusting direction. Thrusting oblique to the NW-SE fault zones and orogen parallel extension resulted in lateral-ramp folds in the cover and reactivation along the NW-SE faults imbricated the overlying nappes. The extent of basement imbrication and duplex formation is variable in the different segments. Within single segments, the basement imbrication and duplex-formation defined basement highs that roughly align in two parallel zones within the orogen. The site of the basement duplexes is probably controlled by older N-S fracture zones while the pinch- and-swell structure parallel to the orogen is caused by the individual deformation and thrusting behavior of the basement and cover sequences that are bound by the NW-SE fault zones. Thus the Caledonian orogen appears to have inherited the Precambrian structural grain of the underlying, Baltic Shield.
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