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1.
  • Santoro, V., et al. (author)
  • The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source : Current Status and Future Perspectives
  • 2024
  • In: Nuclear science and engineering. - 0029-5639 .- 1943-748X. ; 198:1, s. 31-63
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that, once completed at full specifications, will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, which is located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source is being optimized to deliver higher intensity and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold neutrons (CNs) (2 to 20 & Aring;), very cold neutrons (VCNs) (10 to 120 & Aring;), and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) (> 500 & Aring;). The second source consists of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver CNs and serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. These new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. The HighNESS project is now entering its last year, and we are working toward the Conceptual Design Report of the ESS upgrade. In this paper, results obtained in the first 2 years, ongoing developments, and future perspectives are described.
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2.
  • Gallimore, Stephen, et al. (author)
  • Challenges and Design Solutions of the Liquid Hydrogen Circuit at the European Spallation Source
  • 2014
  • In: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering: Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC (AIP Conference Proceedings). - : AIP Publishing LLC. - 0094-243X .- 1551-7616. ; 1573, s. 659-664
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden will be a 5MW long-pulse neutron spallation research facility and will enable new opportunities for researchers in the fields of life sciences, energy, environmental technology, cultural heritage and fundamental physics. Neutrons are produced by accelerating a high-energy proton beam into a rotating helium-cooled tungsten target. These neutrons pass through moderators to reduce their energy to an appropriate range (< 5 meV for cold neutrons); two of which will use liquid hydrogen at 17 K as the moderating and cooling medium. There are several technical challenges to overcome in the design of a robust system that will operate under such conditions, not least the 20 kW of deposited heat. These challenges and the associated design solutions will be detailed in this paper.
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