| 1. |
- Steen, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Bröstkorgens organ.
- 2002
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In: Kirurgi för sjuksköterskor. - 9144074050 ; , s. 404-422
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Vagianos, Constantin, et al.
(author)
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Control of traumatic liver hemorrhage in the cirrhotic rat by intraportal infusion of norepinephrine
- 1987
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In: Research in Experimental Medicine. - 0300-9130. ; 187:5, s. 339-346
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of intraportal infusion of norepinephrine (NE) on primary hemostasis in the cirrhotic rat was investigated at standardized liver trauma. Cirrhosis was induced by simultaneous administration of increasing amounts of carbontetrachloride (CCl4) and phenobarbitone. Infusion of norepinephrine took place after cannulation of the gastroduodenal vein. Intraportal infusion of NE resulted in a significant increase in arterial blood pressure and portal pressure in all animals. No difference was observed between cirrhotic and control rats. Cirrhotic animals bled longer and more profusely as compared with the controls. Infusion of NE resulted in significant decrease in bleeding time and blood loss. NE did not affect hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet, or white cell count. Platelet aggregation was not influenced by the compound. In conclusion, intraportal infusion of NE proved effective in decreasing hemorrhage at liver trauma in cirrhotic rats.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Vagianos, Constantin, et al.
(author)
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Increased uptake of 5-FU in experimental liver tumours by simultaneous infusion of norepinephrine
- 1987
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In: European journal of cancer & clinical oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-5379. ; 23:9, s. 1323-1327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of the simultaneous administration of norepinephrine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the uptake of radiolabelled 5-FU by liver tumours was studied in rats. Three different concentrations of 5-FU were used (15, 1.5 and 0.15 microgram/g body weight). The drugs were infused over a 30 min period via the hepatic artery, following cannulation of the gastroduodenal artery. The radioactivity in liver tumour, normal liver, lungs and intestines was estimated by liquid scintillation counting. At all concentrations tested, an increased uptake of radioactive 5-FU was found in the tumour when norepinephrine was infused. Tumour/liver ratios also increased significantly in all these cases. No significant differences were noted between norepinephrine infused and control animals in the radioactivity in normal liver, lungs and intestines. The effects noted were possibly due to changes in blood flow within the liver, but the possibility of a direct effect of norepinephrine on DNA metabolism is discussed.
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| 5. |
- Zoucas, Evita, et al.
(author)
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Arrest of haemorrhage at experimental liver trauma by intra-portal infusion of nor-epinephrine
- 1989
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In: Surgical Research Communications. - 0882-9233. ; 7:1, s. 19-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The efficacy of intraportal (i.p.) nor-epinephrine infusion in controlling bleeding upon liver trauma in the presence of normal as well as defective platelet function was evaluated in the rat. Infusion of nor-epinephrine (10-4 M, NE) took place after cannulation of the gastro-duodenal vein, during 5 min prior to liver trauma. Simultaneously blood pressure (BP) was registered. Platelet aggregation was rendered defective by per os administration of acetyl-salicylic acid (2.5 mg/100 g bW ASA) 30 min prior to liver trauma. Liver trauma constituted of a standardized liver resection involving 2-3 per cent of the total liver weight, bleeding time and blood loss from the wound being registered. Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), platelet count (PC), APT-time and platelet aggregation were studied upon resection. I.p. infusion of NE resulted in significant increase of BP from 122.5 3.2 mm Hg in controls to 166.2 ± 3.2 mm Hg. NE infusion significantly decreased bleeding time at liver trauma from 270 ± 15 sec in controls to 154 ± 10 sec. Simultaneously blood-loss was decreased from 0.9 ± 0.1 g to 0.4 ± 0.1 gr. Administration of ASA increased bleeding time to 513 ± 17 sec and blood loss to 2.1 ± 0.1 gr. Infusion of NE in ASA pretreated rats reduced bleeding time to 253 ± 24 sec and blood loss to 1.1 ± 0.2 gr compared with animals receiving only ASA. Hb, Hct, PC and APT-time were not affected. Platelet aggregation was diminished after administration of ASA, but was not affected by NE.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Åberg, T, et al.
(author)
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The effects of pneumatic antishock garments in the treatment of critical abdominal injuries in rats
- 1988
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In: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282. ; 28:6, s. 772-778
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty rats were subjected to a standardized critical aortic injury and divided into six groups. In addition to controls, the animals were treated with a pneumatic antishock garment (PASG), massive intravenous or intra-aortic saline infusion, or PASG in combination with either massive intravenous or intra-aortic saline infusion. Twenty-six rats were subjected to a standardized hepatic injury and divided into four groups. In addition to controls, the animals were treated with PASG, massive intravenous saline infusion, or PASG in combination with massive intravenous saline infusion. These animals were allowed to bleed for 5 minutes before the treatment was started. The treatment with PASG alone prolonged the median survival time significantly from 7 min in the control group to greater than 120 min in the PASG group in rats with an aortic injury and from 33 to greater than 120 min in rats with a hepatic injury. Intravenous infusion of saline did not prolong the median survival time. Intravenous infusion in combination with PASG did not have any positive effects on median survival time or median mean aortic pressure and failed to prolong the median survival time significantly in rats with a liver injury, as six out of eight animals developed a lethal pulmonary edema.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Implantable drainage after major abdominal surgery in compromised patients
- 1990
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In: HPB Surgery. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1607-8462 .- 0894-8569. ; 2:4, s. 261-264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The risk of superinfection following routine abdominal drainage after major surgery is debated. Especially in patients with malignant diseases and a compromised host defense, this might be a factor increasing morbidity and mortality. During a 3-year period (1986-1988) 41 patients operated on for malignant abdominal conditions received a peritoneal catheter connected to a subcutaneous portal inserted in order to participate in a trial on postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy using 5-Fluorouracil. No abdominal drains were inserted. In 15 patients, the subcutaneous portal was used for evacuation of postoperative fluid accumulation within the abdomen. The mean age was 53 (range 41-70) years. Inserted catheters were used for drainage up to 14 days postoperatively. The daily amount of fluid drained varied from 20 to 2,000 ml with a mean of 610 ml/patient and day. One patient required removal of the catheter due to infection around the subcutaneous chamber. Otherwise, the catheter system was not associated with any other complications or complaints. One patient developed a postoperative left subphrenic abscess drained percutaneously by the guidance of ultrasonography, a complication that could not be attributed to the catheter system but merely to the major operation per se. An implantable device for peritoneal access thus also seem useful for drainage of postoperative fluid collection, as evaluated in this preliminary report.
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| 11. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy : 1955, 1965, and 1975
- 1983
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In: The American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9610. ; 146:3, s. 342-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the same period of time, the perioperative costs increased by 90 percent due to increased length of operation time correlated with an increasing proportion of inexperienced operating surgeons. At present, there seem to be few possible ways to increase the cost efficiency of treating appendicitis.
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| 12. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Role of obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis
- 1984
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In: The American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1883 .- 0002-9610. ; 147:3, s. 390-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis was studied by measuring the pressure in the appendix perioperatively in 24 patients operated on with an appendectomy because of suspected acute appendicitis. The technique used involved inserting a fine needle through the apex into the appendix lumen and measuring the hydrostatic pressure required to inject saline solution. In three patients with a gangrenous appendix found at operation, and in two patients with a phlegmonous appendix, there were signs of obstruction of the appendix lumen as revealed by increased pressure within it. In 14 patients with a phlegmonous appendix found at operation, no signs of obstruction were found. These experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important causative agent of acute appendicitis, but might develop as a result of the inflammatory process.
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| 13. |
- Bengmark, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products - Amplifiers of inflammation: The role of food
- 2007
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In: Nutrición Hospitalaria. - 1699-5198. ; 22:6, s. 625-640
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic diseases (CD) represent the main cause of mortality in developed countries. The increase in the prevalence of of CD is associated with changes in lifestyle habits, including those related to the consumption of processed foodstuffs. In these foods advanced glycation end products (AGE) and advanced lipoperoxydation products (ALE) are formed as a consequence of the reactivity of proteins, carbohydrates, lipid and other components. The aim of the present review is to offer a perspective of how AGE and ALE. affect the physiology and development of CD. Continous intake of AGE and ALE contributes to the exccesive accumulation of these products into body tissues, which in turn negatively influence the innate immune system, inflammatory responses, and resistance to diseases. This is achieved by direct interaction of AGE and ALE with specific cell AGE receptors (RAGE) that have a key role as master switches regulating the development of CD. Long-life molecules, namely collagen and myelin, and low-turnover tissues, e.g. connective, bone and neural tissues,are the main targets of AGE and ALE. In these tissues, AGE and ALE lead to the synthesis of insoluble compounds that severely alter cellular functionality. It has been reported associations of AGE and ALE with allergic and autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer disease and other degenerative disorders, catarats, atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus type 2, as well as a number of endocrine, gastrointestinal, skeleton-muscle, and urogenital alterations. Controlling all those pathologies would need further dietary recommendations aiming to limit the intake of processed foods rich in AGE and ALE, as well as to reduce the formation of those products by improving technological processes applicable to foods.
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| 14. |
- Bengmark, Stig
(author)
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Bio-ecological control of chronic liver disease and encephalopathy.
- 2008
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In: Metabolic Brain Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0885-7490 .- 1573-7365.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Minimal encephalopathy was originally associated with chronic liver disease but is increasingly associated with most other chronic diseases and particularly with diabetes and also chronic disorders in other organs: kidneys, lungs, thyroid and with obesity. It is increasingly with dramatically increased and more or less permanent increase in systemic inflammation, most likely a result of Western lifestyle. Frequent physical exercise and intake of foods rich in vitamins, antioxidants, fibres, lactic acid bacteria etc in combination with reduction in intake of refined and processed foods is known to reduce systemic inflammation and prevent chronic diseases. Some lactic acid bacteria, especially Lb paracasei, lb plantarum and pediococcus pentosaceus have proven effective to reduce inflammation and eliminate encephalopathy. Significant reduction in blood ammonia levels and endotoxin levels were reported in parallel to improvement of liver disease. Subsequent studies with other lactic acid bacteria seem to demonstrate suppression of inflammation and in one study also evidence of clinical improvement.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bengmark, Stig
(author)
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Modulation by enteral nutrition of the acute phase response and immune functions.
- 2003
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In: Nutrición Hospitalaria. - 1699-5198. ; 18:1, s. 1-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To use nutrition in order to limit the negative consequences of physical and mental stress is not new. Recent advances in immunology and particularly in the understanding of the chemical language used to communicate both by eukarytic and prokarotic cells has made it easier to objectively evaluate effects of various immunomodulating efforts including the use of nutrients, vitamins and antioxidants in preventing or limiting the development of disease and its late consequences.
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| 19. |
- Bengmark, Stig
(author)
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Pro- and synbiotics to prevent sepsis in major surgery and severe emergencies.
- 2012
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 4:2, s. 91-111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Septic morbidity associated with advanced surgical and medical treatments is unacceptably high, and so is the incidence of complications occurring in connection with acute emergencies such as severe trauma and severe acute pancreatitis. Only considering the US, it will annually affect approximately (app) 300 million (mill) of a population of almost one million inhabitants and cause the death of more than 200,000 patients, making sepsis the tenth most common cause of death in the US. Two major factors affect this, the lifestyle-associated increased weakness of the immune defense systems, but more than this the artificial environment associated with modern treatments such as mechanical ventilation, use of tubes, drains, intravascular lines, artificial nutrition and extensive use of synthetic chemical drugs, methods all known to reduce or eliminate the human microbiota and impair immune functions and increase systemic inflammation. Attempts to recondition the gut by the supply of microorganisms have sometimes shown remarkably good results, but too often failed. Many factors contribute to the lack of success: unsuitable choice of probiotic species, too low dose, but most importantly, this bio-ecological treatment has never been given the opportunity to be tried as an alternative treatment. Instead it has most often been applied as complementary to all the other treatments mentioned above, including antibiotic treatment. The supplemented lactic acid bacteria have most often been killed already before they have reached their targeted organs.
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| 20. |
- Bengmark, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Roles of microbiota manipulations in the ICU
- 2009
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In: Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme. - : Elsevier BV. - 0985-0562. ; 23:4, s. 235-244
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intestinal microbiota displays dramatic changes in the ICU patient, with a loss of the entire beneficial lactic bacterial flora. In situations of hyperinflammation followed by immune paresis that are due to the acute disease but also to chronic diseases and drugs used, it is crucial to reestablish inflammatory and immune homeostasis, and microbiota manipulations with probiotics or synbiotics is an instrument of choice. It is not recommended to give any ICU patient any probiotic or synbiotic, for fear of inefficacy or even increased mortality. However, there is strong evidence in elective surgery, polytrauma and acute pancreatitis for well-defined formulations of bacterial strains and fibers. The inflammatory response is immediate and therefore administration of probiotics or synbiotics in these situations must also be immediate. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Cunningham-Rundles, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Microbial Host Defense, Growth, and Immune Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Infection
- 2011
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 3:12, s. 1042-1070
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hypothesis that probiotic administration protects the gut surface and could delay progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type1 (HIV-1) infection to the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was proposed in 1995. Over the last five years, new studies have clarified the significance of HIV-1 infection of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) for subsequent alterations in the microflora and breakdown of the gut mucosal barrier leading to pathogenesis and development of AIDS. Current studies show that loss of gut CD4+ Th17 cells, which differentiate in response to normal microflora, occurs early in HIV-1 disease. Microbial translocation and suppression of the T regulatory (Treg) cell response is associated with chronic immune activation and inflammation. Combinations of probiotic bacteria which upregulate Treg activation have shown promise in suppressing pro inflammatory immune response in models of autoimmunity including inflammatory bowel disease and provide a rationale for use of probiotics in HIV-1/AIDS. Disturbance of the microbiota early in HIV-1 infection leads to greater dominance of potential pathogens, reducing levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus species and increasing mucosal inflammation. The interaction of chronic or recurrent infections, and immune activation contributes to nutritional deficiencies that have lasting consequences especially in the HIV-1 infected child. While effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has enhanced survival, wasting is still an independent predictor of survival and a major presenting symptom. Congenital exposure to HIV-1 is a risk factor for growth delay in both infected and non-infected infants. Nutritional intervention after 6 months of age appears to be largely ineffective. A meta analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials of infant formulae supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis showed that weight gain was significantly greater in infants who received B. lactis compared to formula alone. Pilot studies have shown that probiotic bacteria given as a supplement have improved growth and protected against loss of CD4+ T cells. The recognition that normal bacterial flora prime neonatal immune response and that abnormal flora have a profound impact on metabolism has generated insight into potential mechanisms of gut dysfunction in many settings including HIV-1 infection. As discussed here, current and emerging studies support the concept that probiotic bacteria can provide specific benefit in HIV-1 infection. Probiotic bacteria have proven active against bacterial vaginosis in HIV-1 positive women and have enhanced growth in infants with congenital HIV-1 infection. Probiotic bacteria may stabilize CD4+ T cell numbers in HIV-1 infected children and are likely to have protective effects against inflammation and chronic immune activation of the gastrointestinal immune system.
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| 24. |
- Momeni, Naghi, et al.
(author)
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CCD-camera based capillary chemiluminescent detection of retinol binding protein
- 1999
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In: Analytica Chimica Acta. - 0003-2670. ; 387:1, s. 21-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A chemiluminescence (CL) assay for retinol-binding protein (RBP) was designed and optimized using a charge coupled device (CCD)-camera based detection system. A sandwich ELISA was designed based on the anti-RBP antibodies immobilized in glass capillaries pre-treated with silica sol. The immobilization was predominantly by physisorption of the protein on the silica surface. The RBP bound to the anti-RBP antibodies was detected by using an anti-RBP-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The reaction of the HRP with hydrogen peroxide and luminol and 4-iodophenol generated the CL. The CL emitted from the glass capillaries was detected by a cooled slow scan CCD camera at an optimized exposure time. The approximately linear range of RBP determination was between 11 pg ml−1 and 11 ng ml−1 with a coefficient of variation of 5–11% (n=6) over this range.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Rayes, N, et al.
(author)
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Early enteral supply of fiber and Lactobacilli versus conventional nutrition: A controlled trial in patients with major abdominal surgery
- 2002
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In: Nutrition. - 1873-1244. ; 18:7-8, s. 609-615
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions plus Lactobacillus may reduce bacterial translocation and minimize the incidence of infections after surgery. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized trial in three groups (n = 30/group) of patients after major abdominal surgery, we compared our previous regimen with parenteral nutrition or fiber-free enteral nutrition (group A) with enteral fiber-containing nutrition with living Lactobacillus (group B) and heat-killed Lactobacillus (group C). The main endpoint was the development of bacterial infection. Other analyzed parameters were the durations of antibiotic therapy and hospital stay. non-infectious complications. side effects of the nutrition, and onset of bowel movement. Routine parameters, nutritional parameters, and cellular immune status in the blood were measured preoperatively and on 1, 5, and 10 d postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of infections was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in groups B and C with enteral nutrition containing fibers (10% each) than in group A (30%). Patients in group B received antibiotics for a significantly shorter time (P = 0.04) than did the patients in groups A and C. The length of hospital stay and the incidence of non-infectious complications did not differ significantly. Fibers and lactobacilli were well tolerated. There were no general benefits of living Lactobacillus as opposed to heat-killed Lactobacillus in the entire study population, but benefits were observed in the patients with gastric and pancreas resections, although no statistical analysis was done due to their small numbers. CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions reduced the rate of postoperative infections in comparison with parenteral nutrition and fiber-free enteral formula. Addition of living Lactobacillus seemed to increase the benefits in patients with gastric and pancreatic resections.
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| 27. |
- Rayes, N, et al.
(author)
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Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: A controlled trial in liver transplant recipients
- 2002
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In: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 74:1, s. 123-128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Early enteral nutrition with solutions containing prebiotics (fiber) and probiotics (Lactobacillus) is suggested to reduce bacterial translocation and minimize the incidence of infections after liver transplantation. Methods. In a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled trial consisting of 95 patients, we compared the incidence of postoperative infections and other complications after liver transplantation among three different groups, all supplied with early enteral nutrition: (a) standard formula plus selective bowel decontamination (SBD), (b) fiber-containing formula plus living Lactobacillus plantarum 299, and (c) fiber-containing formula plus heat-killed L plantarum 299. Results. The groups were comparable regarding preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Child-Pugh classification of cirrhosis, operative data, and degree of immunosuppression. The patients who received living lactobacilli plus fiber developed significantly fewer bacterial infections (1370) than the patients with SBD (48%). The incidence of infections was 34% in the group with inactivated lactobacilli and fiber. Cholangitis and pneumonia were the leading infections and enterococci the most commonly isolated bacteria. In the living Lactobacillus group, the mean duration of antibiotic therapy, the mean total hospital stay, and the stay on the intensive care unit were also shorter than in the groups with inactivated lactobacilli and fiber as well as with SBD. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions. Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions and living L plantarum 299 was well tolerated. It decreases markedly the rate of postoperative infections both in comparison with inactivated L plantarum 299 and significantly with SBD and a standard enteral nutrition formula. As it is a cheap and feasible alternative to SBD, further studies should evaluate whether this ecoimmunonutrition should be already started while patients are on the waiting list for transplantation.
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| 28. |
- Rayes, N, et al.
(author)
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Einfluss von Probiotika und Ballaststoffen auf die Inzidenz bakterieller Infektionen nach viszeralchirurgischen Eingriffen - Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie
- 2002
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In: Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0044-2771 .- 1439-7803. ; 40:10, s. 869-876
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Early enteral nutrition with fibre and probiotics has been effective in preventing bacterial translocation and is therefore expected to reduce the incidence of postoperative bacterial infections. Patients and methods: In a prospective randomized trial including 172 patients following major abdominal surgery or liver transplantation, the incidence of bacterial infections was compared in patients receiving either a) conventional parenteral or enteral nutrition, b) enteral nutrition with fibre and lactobacillus plantarum 299 or c) enteral nutrition with fibre and heat inactivated lactobacilli (placebo). Liver transplant recipients were also treated with selective bowel decontamination (SBD). Routine laboratory parameters, nutritional parameters and the cellular immune status were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 5 and 10. Results: Patients were comparable regarding preoperative ASA-classification, Child-Pugh classification of cirrhosis, operative data and immunosuppression. The incidence of bacterial infections after liver, gastric oder pancreas resection was 31% in the conventional group a) compared to 4% in the lactobacillus-group b) and 13% in the placebo-group c). In the analysis of 95 liver transplant recipients, 13% group b)-patients developed infections compared to 48% group a)-patients and 34% group c)-patients. The difference between groups a) and b) was statistically significant in both cases. In addition, the duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter in the lactobacillus-group. Cholangitis and pneumonia were the most frequent infections and enterococci the most frequently isolated bacteria. Fibre and lactobacilli were well tolerated in most cases. Conclusion: Fibre and probiotics could lower the incidence of bacterial infections following major abdominal surgery in comparison to conventional nutrition with or without SBD. With this new concept, costs can be reduced by shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy and sparing SBD.
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| 29. |
- Thorlacius, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Lactobacilli attenuate bacteremia and endotoxemia associated with severe intra-abdominal infection
- 2003
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In: Surgery. - 1532-7361. ; 134:3, s. 467-473
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Systemic administration of antibiotics or selective decontamination is frequently used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections originating from the gastrointestinal flora. In this study, we wanted to compare. the protective effect of enteral administration of lactobacilli to gentamicin against severe intra-abdominal infection. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were pretreated with saline, Lactobacillus R2LC, and gentamicin. Bacterial growth and endotoxin levels in the blood, reticuloendothelial system (RES) function, and intestinal transit were determined up to 24 hours after CLP. Results. CLP-provoked bacteremia was significantly reduced by 48% and 55% in lactobacilli- and gentamicin-treated rats, respectively. Notably, CLP-induced endotoxemia was abolished at 12 hours, and reduced by 47% at 24 hours, in rats pretreated with lactobacilli., Gentamicin reduced endotoxin levels provoked by CLP by 86% at 12 hours, but had no effect at 24 hours. Lactobacilli had no effect on the clearance of Escherichia coli (E coli) from the blood, whereas intestinal transit was increased in lactobacilli-treated animals, suggesting that the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus R2LC is not related to an increase of phagocytic capacity but may rather be partly attributable to an enhanced intestinal motility. Conclusion. Enteral administration of Lactobacillus R2LC attenuates bacteremia and endotoxemia associated with intra-abdominal infection in rats.
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