| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Marcus, 1977-
(author)
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On Condition Based Maintenance and its Implementation in Industrial Settings
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to stay competitive, it is necessary for companies to continuously increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their production processes. High availability has, thus, increased in importance. Therefore, maintenance has gained in importance as a support function for ensuring, e.g., quality products and on-time deliveries. Maintenance, though, is a costly support function. It has been reported that as much as 70% of the total production cost can be spent on maintenance. Further, as much as one-third of the cost of maintenance is incurred unnecessarily due to bad planning, overtime cost, limited or misused preventive maintenance, and so on. In so, condition based maintenance is introduced as one solution for a more effective maintenance.In condition based maintenance, critical item characteristics are monitored in order to gain early indications of an incipient failure. Research, though, has shown that condition based maintenance has not been implemented on a wide basis. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate how a condition based maintenance approach can be implemented in an industrial setting, and to develop a method that can assist companies in their implementation efforts. Further, the research has been divided in three research questions. They focus on: constituents of a condition based maintenance approach, decision-making prior implementation of condition based maintenance, and finally, the implementation of condition based maintenance in a company.By using a systems approach and a case study process, how condition based maintenance can be implemented as a routine has been investigated. The result is an implementation method in which four suggested phases are presented. The method starts with a feasibility test. It then continues with an analysis phase, an implementation phase, and an assessment phase. The conclusions can be summarized as follows: implementing condition based maintenance consists of many general enabling factors, including management support, education and training, good communication, and motivation etc.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergh, Mats, 1968, et al.
(author)
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The influence of surface micro-roughness on bondability
- 1995
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In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding: Physics and Applications. ; , s. 126-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The requirements on a surface in terms of micro-roughness necessary to achieve spontaneous bonding on wafer contact have been investigated. Wafers from four different manufacturers, all having their special surface characteristics, were evaluated using atomic force microscopy. Their room temperature bondability was investigated using the contact wave velocity and the surface energy of the formed bond as parameters. Different wet cleaning procedures were used to modify the micro-roughness of the silicon surface. It is found that the surface rms roughness value is not a good measure for judging the bondability of a surface. Instead we propose the use of the Fourier spectrum of the surface roughness. The occurrence of low, ~0.001 Å-1, spatial frequency components of large amplitude in the Fourier spectrum of the surface roughness may affect the bondability of the surface negatively while higher frequency components are not as important
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Granlund, Anna, 1984-
(author)
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Facilitating Automation Development in Internal Logistics Systems
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The internal logistics system includes all activities connected with managing the flow of materials within the physical limits of a facility. This system is an important part of operations in need of increased focus and continuous improvements. Automation is one possible tool with a previously confirmed great potential to improve internal logistics. Despite this great potential and a growing trend of using automation in the area, internal logistics activities are still not automated to the same extent as other parts of operations. The overall aim of this research is therefore to develop knowledge that supports the successful use of automation in internal logistics systems.The automation development process has been identified as critical for the success of the use of automation. With the overall aim of the research in mind, the objective of this thesis is to develop a framework facilitating the automation development process in internal logistics systems. To help fulfil the objective, empirical data have been collected through five case studies and a survey study. During the empirical studies, the process of improving the internal logistics system and the automation development process have been analysed and the focus has been on identifying challenges and facilitators for the successful use and development of automation in internal logistics systems.The findings indicate a poor awareness of both current and desired performance of the internal logistics system at the companies studied. In addition, automation development is often conducted in an unstructured and poorly supported manner and there is often insecurity regarding what steps and actions to take. Foremost, the findings indicate a poor base for proper evaluation and decisions during automation development in internal logistics systems. This is analysed and concluded as a cause of unclear goals and requirements and the lack of a strategic view with regard to both internal logistics operations and the use and development of automation.A framework, including proposed guidelines to overcome the observed challenges by including identified factors facilitating successful automation development in internal logistics systems has been developed. The core of the framework is a proposed process model for automation development in an internal logistics context. Due to the identified importance and the lack of a strategy linked to and supporting the automation development process, the framework also includes a proposed model for an internal logistics strategy as well as a proposed model for an automation strategy.
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| 6. |
- Hjelm-Wallén, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Det behövs mer än värnplikt
- 2016
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In: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-10-07, s. 6-6
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Människors säkerhet handlar om mycket mer än det rent militära. Därför är det är dags att överväga att införa allmän medborgartjänst för alla medborgare kring tjugoårsåldern.
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| 7. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(author)
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Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
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In: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Increasing incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm : a population-based study
- 2006
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In: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 44:2, s. 237-243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the present population-based study was to assess the trends of age- and gender-specific incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Methods. Patients with rAAA from the city of Malmo, Sweden, were studied between 2000 and 2004. An analysis of trends of incidence and mortality of rAAA in Malmo was possible because of a previous population-based study on patients with rAAA between 1971 and 1986 (autopsy rate 85% compared with 25% for the time period 2000 to 2004). The in-hospital registry of Malmo University Hospital and the databases at the Department of Pathology, Malmo, and the Institution of Forensic Medicine, Lund, identified patients with rAAA, and the in-hospital registry identified all elective repairs for AAA. Results. Compared with the time period 1971 to 1986, the overall incidence of rAAA significantly increased from 5.6 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 6.3) to 10.6 (95% CI, 8.9 to 12.4) per 100,000 person-years (standardized mortality ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1). In men aged 60 to 69 and 70 to 79 years, the incidence increased significantly from 16 (95% CI, 11 to 21) and 56 (95% Cl, 43 to 69) to 46 (95% Cl, 28 to 63) and 117 (95% CI, 84 to 149) per 100,000 person-years, respectively, whereas no increase in the age-specific incidence in women could be demonstrated. The overall incidence of elective repair of AAA increased significantly from 3.4 (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.0) to 7.0 (95% CI, 5.6 to 8.4) per 100,000 person-years and increased most significantly from 12 (95% CI, 3.4 to 32) to 68 (95% CI, 34 to 102) per 100,000 person-years in men aged 80 to 89 years and from 5.1 (95% CI, 2.4 to 9.3) to 28 (95% CI, 15 to 41) per 100,000 person-years in women aged 70 to 79 years. The elective-acute repair ratio in women increased from 2.4 to 5.6 and decreased in men from 2.1 to 1.0. Conclusions: Between 1971 to 1986 and 2000 to 2004, the incidence of rAAA increased significantly, despite a 100% increase in elective repairs and notwithstanding a potential for bias towards underestimation due to lower autopsy rates in recent years. The reason behind this increase is unclear, and further studies are needed to identify risk groups for direction of effective prevention and screening.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ahrné, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Rödlista över fjärilar Lepidoptera
- 2015
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - Uppsala : ArtDatabanken SLU. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 98-112
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 12. |
- Ainomae, Ahti, et al.
(author)
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Distributed Largest Eigenvalue-Based Spectrum Sensing Using Diffusion LMS
- 2018
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In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING OVER NETWORKS. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2373-776X. ; 4:2, s. 362-377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a distributed detection scheme for cognitive radio (CR) networks, based on the largest eigenvalues (LEs) of adaptively estimated correlation matrices (CMs), assuming that the primary user signal is temporally correlated. The proposed algorithm is fully distributed, there by avoiding the potential single point of failure that a fusion center would imply. Different forms of diffusion least mean square algorithms are used for estimating and averaging the CMs over the CR network for the LE detection and the resulting estimation performance is analyzed using a common framework. In order to obtain analytic results on the detection performance, the exact distribution of the CM estimates are approximated by a Wishart distribution, by matching the moments. The theoretical findings are verified through simulations.
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| 13. |
- Ainomäe, Ahti, 1981-
(author)
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Distributed Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks
- 2017
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- One of the problems with the modern radio communication is the lack of availableradio frequencies. Recent studies have shown that, while the available licensed radiospectrum becomes more occupied, the assigned spectrum is significantly underutilized.To alleviate the situation, cognitive radio (CR) technology has been proposedto provide an opportunistic access to the licensed spectrum areas. Secondary CRsystems need to cyclically detect the presence of a primary user by continuouslysensing the spectrum area of interest. Radiowave propagation effects like fading andshadowing often complicate sensing of spectrum holes. When spectrum sensing isperformed in a cooperative manner, then the resulting sensing performance can beimproved and stabilized.In this thesis, two fully distributed and adaptive cooperative Primary User (PU)detection solutions for CR networks are studied.In the first part of this thesis we study a distributed energy detection schemewithout using any fusion center. Due to reduced communication such a topologyis more energy efficient. We propose the usage of distributed, diffusion least meansquare (LMS) type of power estimation algorithms with different network topologies.We analyze the resulting energy detection performance by using a commonframework and verify the theoretical findings through simulations.In the second part of this thesis we propose a fully distributed detection scheme,based on the largest eigenvalue of adaptively estimated correlation matrices, assumingthat the primary user signal is temporally correlated. Different forms of diffusionLMS algorithms are used for estimating and averaging the correlation matrices overthe CR network. The resulting detection performance is analyzed using a commonframework. In order to obtain analytic results on the detection performance, theadaptive correlation matrix estimates are approximated by a Wishart distribution.The theoretical findings are verified through simulations.
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| 14. |
- Ainomäe, Ahti, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Distributed Diffusion LMS based Energy Detection
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of 6th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT), 2014. ; , s. 176-183
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive radio (CR) is seen as a promising technology to make radio spectrum usage more effective by providing an opportunistic access for secondary users to the licensed spectrum areas. CR systems need to detect the presence of a primary user (PU) signal by continuously sensing the spectrum area of interest. Radiowave propagation effects like fading and shadowing often complicate sensing of spectrum holes because the PU signal can be weak in a particular area. Cooperative spectrum sensing is seen as a prospective solution to enhance the detection of PU signals. This paper studies distributed spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio context. We investigate distributed energy detection schemes without using any fusion center. We propose the usage of distributed, diffusion least mean square (LMS) type of power estimation algorithms. In this paper an Adapt and Combine (ATC) diffusion based power estimation scheme is proposed and the performance is compared with the Combine and Adapt (CTA) and ring-around schemes in a common framework. The PU signal is assumed to be slowly fading. We analyse the resulting energy detection performance and verify the theoretical findings through simulations.
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| 15. |
- Ainomäe, Ahti, et al.
(author)
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Distributed largest eigenvalue detection
- 2017
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In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509041176 ; , s. 3519-3523
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive radio (CR) systems need to detect the presence of a primary user (PU) signal by continuously sensing the spectrum area of interest. Radiowave propagation effects like fading and shadowing often complicate sensing of spectrum holes because the PU signal can be weak in a particular area. Cooperative spectrum sensing is seen as a prospective solution to enhance the detection of PU signals. In this paper we study distributed spectrum sensing, based on the largest eigenvalue of adaptively estimated correlation matrices (CMs) of received signals. The PU signal is assumed to be temporally correlated. In this paper an Combine and Adapt (CTA) least Mean Square (LMS) diffusion based mean vector estimation scheme is proposed. No fusion center (FC) for estimation or detection is used. We analyse the resulting detection performance and verify the theoretical findings through simulations.
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| 16. |
- Ainomäe, Ahti, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Distributed Recursive Energy Detection
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2014. - : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 1242-1247
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that, while the available licensed radio spectrum becomes more occupied, the assigned spectrum is significantly underutilized. To alleviate the situation, cognitive radio (CR) technology has been proposed to provide an opportunistic access to the licensed spectrum areas. CR systems are able to serve the secondary users for detecting and utilizing so called spectrum holes by sensing and adapting to the environment without causing harmful effects or interference to the licensed primary users (PU). CR systems need to detect the presence of a primary user by continuously sensing the spectrum area of interest. Radiowave propagation effects like fading and shadowing often complicate sensing of spectrum holes because the PU signal can be weak in a particular area. Cooperative spectrum sensing is seen as a prospective solution to enhance the detection of PU signals. This paper studies distributed spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio context. We investigate a distributed energy detection scheme without using any fusion center. Due to reduced communication such a topology is more energy efficient. The PU signal is assumed to be in slow fading. A recursive distributed power estimation and detection scheme is proposed. The theoretical findings are verified through simulations.
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| 17. |
- Aldayel, Omar, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of MIMO channel non-stationarity
- 2013
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In: 2013 Proceedings of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). - : IEEE. - 9780992862602 ; , s. 6811769-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several MIMO processing algorithms have been proposed that exploit long-term channel statistics, relaying on the critical assumption that this long-term information is valid long enough. In this paper, we consider the Correlation Matrix Distance (CMD) method previously proposed for the evaluation of MIMO channel non-stationarity. We highlight a couple of problems with the CMD measure and propose two new metrics that are more appropriate for non-stationarity evaluation. The performance of the CMD method and new correlation matrix distance metrics is investigated using measured 4×4 MIMO channels. Both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (NLOS) environments are considered.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Anton-Haro, Caries, et al.
(author)
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Cross-layer scheduling for multi-user MIMO systems
- 2006
-
In: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 44:9, s. 39-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing demand of wireless services associated with the scarcity of the radio spectrum and the trend to provide end-to-end QoS in emerging and future applications calls for the design of spectrally efficient systems with QoS support. To fulfill these two requirements of spectral efficiency and QoS provision in the highly dynamic environment of mobile radio requires the collaboration of several layers in the system as well as the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas. In a packet network, one important component to achieve the aforementioned efficiency goals is a properly designed scheduling algorithm. Using an information-theoretic framework, we present an overview of the issues associated with the design of packet scheduling algorithms and review several proposed solutions. The article focuses on the advantages of a cross-layer approach to the resource allocation problem and identifies the trade-offs associated with the increased signaling needs. Also, we thoroughly discuss the additional degrees of freedom that multiple transmit and receive antennas can provide.
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| 22. |
- Arnell, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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The genetics of primary nocturnal enuresis: inheritance and suggestion of a second major gene on chromosome 12q
- 1997
-
In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 34:5, s. 360-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), or bedwetting at night, affects approximately 10% of 6 year old children. Genetic components contribute to the pathogenesis and recently one locus was assigned to chromosome 13q. We evaluated the genetic factors and the pattern of inheritance for PNE in 392 families. Dominant transmission was observed in 43% and an apparent recessive mode of inheritance was observed in 9% of the families. Among the 392 probands the ratio of males to females was 3:1 indicating sex linked or sex influenced factors. Linkage to candidate regions was tested in 16 larger families segregating for autosomal dominant PNE. A gene for PNE was excluded from chromosome 13q in 11 families, whereas linkage to the interval D13S263-D13S291 was suggested (Zmax = 2.1) in three families. Further linkage analyses excluded about 1/3 of the genome at a 10 cM resolution except the region around D12S80 on chromosome 12q that showed a positive two point lod score in six of the families (Zmax = 4.2). This locus remains suggestive because the material was not sufficiently large to give evidence for heterogeneity. Our pedigree analysis indicates that major genes are involved in a large proportion of PNE families and the linkage results suggest that such a gene is located on chromosome 12q.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Axheimer, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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The middle Cambrian cosmopolitan key species Lejopyge laevigata and its biozone: new data from Sweden
- 2006
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In: Geological Magazine. - 0016-7568. ; 143:4, s. 447-455
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The middle Cambrian Lejopyge laevigata Zone is poorly exposed in Scandinavia. Both this zone, however, and the succeeding Agnostus pisiformis Zone are well exposed at a classic locality at Gudhem, Vastergotland, south-central Sweden. The sequences consist of finely laminated alum shale with scattered stinkstone (orsten) lenses. Three measured and sampled sections yielded a diverse fossil fauna, dominated by trilobites, in particular agnostoids, and the bradoriid Anabarochilina primordialis. Fossils are excellently preserved but restricted to the stinkstones. The L. laevigata Zone at Gudhem includes several geographically widespread key agnostoid species, notably Tomagnostella sulcifera, Clavagnostus spinosus, Glaberagnostus altaicus, Lejopyge laevigata and L. armata. The L. laevigata Zone in Scandinavia is here extended to include the traditional Solenopleura? brachymetopa Zone, and its lower boundary is defined by the FAD of L. laevigata. Trilobite evidence shows that the upper part of the Scandinavian L. laevigata Zone approximately correlates with the Proagnostus bulbus Zone of China and elsewhere.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bengtsson, Anders K.H., et al.
(author)
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Uniqueness of superstring actions
- 1984
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In: Nucl.Phys.B254 (1985) 625.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider local counterterms to 4-dimensional gravity and 4- and 10-dimensional super-gravity theories in the light-front gauge. With the technique developed, we show that there are no local counterterms other than the lagrangian possible in the superstring thoeries. This is a strong indication that these theories are finite or at least renormalizable to allorders in the perturbation expansions.
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| 28. |
- Bengtsson, Bengt Å., et al.
(author)
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Fjärilar
- 2010. - 1
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010. - Uppsala : Artdatabanken i samarbete med Naturvårdsverket. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 361-392
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 29. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Chronic rhinosinusitis impairs sleep quality : results of the GA(2)LEN study
- 2017
-
In: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 40:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of sleep problems in subjects with CRS and to determine whether the disease severity of CRS affects sleep quality.METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 45 000 adults in four Swedish cities. Questions on CRS, asthma, allergic rhinitis, co-morbidities, tobacco use, educational level and physical activity were included. CRS was defined according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) epidemiological criteria. The disease severity of CRS was defined by the number of reported CRS symptoms. Sleep quality was assessed using the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire.RESULTS: Of the 26 647 subjects, 2249 (8.4%) had CRS. Reported sleep problems were 50-90% more common among subjects with CRS compared with those without or the total population. The prevalence of reported sleep problems increased in conjunction with the severity of CRS. After adjusting for gender, BMI, age, tobacco use, asthma, somatic diseases, physical activity level and educational level, participants with four symptoms of CRS (compared with subjects without CRS symptoms) displayed a higher risk of snoring (adj. OR (95% CI): 3.13 (2.22-4.41)), difficulties inducing sleep (3.98 (2.94-5.40)), difficulties maintaining sleep (3.44 (2.55-4.64)), early morning awakening (4.71 (3.47-6.38)) and excessive daytime sleepiness (4.56 (3.36-6.18)). The addition of persistent allergic rhinitis to CRS further increased the risk of sleep problems.CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems are highly prevalent among subjects with CRS. The disease severity of CRS negatively affects sleep quality.
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| 30. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Co-ordination of pinch technology and the MIND method : applied to a Swedish board mill
- 2002
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In: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 22:2, s. 133-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By combining the pinch technology and the MIND method, it is possible to identify beneficial and energy-efficient measures in a complex industrial energy system. By tackling a problem on the two different aggregation levels, the result is thoroughly evaluated and durable measures are achieved. The strength of the combination of methods is elucidated in a case study where a Scandinavian pulp and paper mill is analysed. The studied problem concerns pre-evaporation of effluents in a board mill using excess heat. Different alternatives are evaluated, taking into account economic, technical and practicable constraints. The results show that it is cost-effective to pre-evaporate the effluent using excess heat in the studied mill.
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| 31. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Cost-efficient CO2-reduction in the pulp and paper industry : a case study
- 2002
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In: International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2002. - Porto, Portugal : FEUP. ; , s. EES58-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is generally accepted that human activities have a large influence on global climate. In order to minimize human impact on global warming, regulations and agreements may be introduced for all CO2‑generating sectors. Therefore, measures to reduce CO2-emissions will be of importance to the industrial sector. Strategic decisions and long-term thinking are needed to comply with the regulations and to fulfil the agreements.The pulp and paper industry is an energy intensive sector with relatively large potentials to accomplish energy efficiency measures that result in reduction of CO2-emissions. To settle the cost-effectiveness for each measure a number of system parameters have to be considered, such as investment costs, boundary conditions and reference systems.This paper presents two methods, pinch technology and the MIND method. These methods are used for analysis of industrial energy systems considering different parameters and aspects. Pinch technology is used for thermodynamic and economic evaluation of process integration possibilities and the MIND method is used for strategic evaluation of different energy efficiency measures. Foundation for long-term decision-making can be obtained by co-ordinating the results from the two methods. In this paper, cost-effectiveness has been determined for different energy efficiency measures. The measures are non-conventional evaporation and heat pumping. The case studied is from a Swedish board mill. Economic potentials and consequences for these CO2-reducing measures are discussed from both an industrial and a societal perspective.
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| 32. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Cost-efficient CO2-reduction in the pulp and paper industry - results from a case study
- 2002
-
In: 1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies 12-14 June 2002, Porto, Portugal. ; :paper EES11, s. 7-
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is generally accepted that human activities have a large influence on global climate. In order to minimize human impact on global warming, regulations and agreements may be introduced for all CO2 generating sectors. Therefore, measures to reduce CO2-emissions will be of importance to the industrial sector. Strategic decisions and long-term thinking are needed to comply with the regulations and to fulfil the agreements.The pulp and paper industry is an energy intensive sector with relatively large potentials to accomplish energy efficiency measures that result in reduction of CO2-emissions. To settle the cost-effectiveness for each measure a number of system parameters have to be considered, such as investment costs, boundary conditions and reference systems.This paper presents two methods, pinch technology and the MIND method. These methods are used for analysis of industrial energy systems considering different parameters and aspects. Pinch technology is used for thermodynamic and economic evaluation of process integration possibilities and the MIND method is used for strategic evaluation of different energy efficiency measures. Foundation for long-term decision-making can be obtained by co-ordinating the results from the two methods. In this paper, cost-effectiveness has been determined for different energy efficiency measures. The measures are non-conventional evaporation and heat pumping. The case studied is from a Swedish board mill. Economic potentials and consequences for these CO2-reducing measures are discussed from both an industrial and a societal perspective.
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| 33. |
- Bengtsson, Claes, et al.
(author)
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Gender and Overconfidence
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Do males differ from females in terms of self-confidence? The structure of the Economics I exam at Stockholm University provides an opportunity to shed some light in this question. By answering an extra, optional question, the students can aim for a higher mark. We find a clear gender difference in that male students are inclined than female students to take this opportunity. This difference in self-assessment is more pronounced among younger than among older students.
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| 34. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Impact of nasal obstruction on sleep quality : a community-based study of women
- 2015
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In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 272:1, s. 97-103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of self-reported nasal obstruction on sleep quality in women. A community-based sample of 400 women underwent a full night of polysomnography. Airway diseases, allergies and sleep-related symptoms were assessed by questionnaires. Women with subjective nasal obstruction were subdivided into three groups: persistent nasal obstruction (PNO, n = 46), hay fever (n = 88) and nasal obstruction at night (NON, n = 30). Sleep problems and related daytime symptoms were most prevalent among women with NON. After adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and asthma, NON was an independent predictor of 'Difficulties inducing sleep due to nasal obstruction' [adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI): 89.5 (27.0-296.7)], 'Snoring' [4.2 (1.7-10.2)], 'Sweating at night' [2.6 (1.1-6.1)], 'Difficulties maintaining sleep' [2.7 (1.2-6.2)], and 'Waking up hastily gasping for breath' [32.2 (8.7-119.1)]. 'Dry mouth on awakening' [7.7 (3.2-18.4)], 'Waking up unrefreshed' [2.7 (1.2-6.0)], 'Excessive daytime sleepiness' [2.6 (1.1-6.0)], and 'Daytime nasal obstruction' [12.2 (4.8-31.2)] were also associated with NON. Persistent nasal obstruction and hay fever were both associated with some reported sleep problems due to an overlap with NON. When women with NON were excluded, only 'Daytime nasal obstruction' was still significantly associated with PNO, while hay fever was associated with 'Daytime nasal obstruction' and 'Waking up hastily gasping for breath'. There were no significant differences in objectively measured sleep variables between any of the three subgroups and the study cohort. Self-reported nasal obstruction at night in women has a significant effect on several subjective day- and nighttime symptoms, but it does not appear to affect objectively measured sleep quality.
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| 35. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
Sinonasal outcome test-22 and peak nasal inspiratory flow : valuable tools in obstructive sleep apnoea
- 2020
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In: Rhinology. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 58:4, s. 341-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sinonasal complaints contribute to low adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We aimed to investigate sinonasal health in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, using the sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), and to analyse whether SNOT-22 is affected by CPAP adherence. We also aimed to investigate whether peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was able to predict adherence to CPAP. Methods:The study population comprised 197 OSA patients (60 females) initiating CPAP treatment The SNOT-22, PNIF and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed at baseline and follow-up. One-night polygraphy, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, peak expiratory flow and health-related issues were assessed at baseline. At follow-up, the patients were categorised into adherent (>4 hours/night) and non-adherent (<4 hours/night) to CPAP treatment. Results: The average time for following up CPAP treatment was (mean +/- SD) 24.0 +/- 23.9 days and it did not differ significantly between the groups.The SNOT-22 score was elevated among all OSA patients, 36.1 +/- 19.4.There was a larger improvement in the SNOT-22 score at follow-up among adherent CPAP users compared with non-adherent users (-10.4 +/- 13.9 vs. -3.2 +/- 15.4). A PNIF value of < 100 litres/min increased the risk of non-adherence to CPAP with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.40 ((95% CI 1.16-5.00)). Conclusions: The SNOT-22 was elevated in patients with OSA, indicating a considerable sinonasal disease burden.The SNOT-22 improved with good CPAP adherence. A low PNIF value was able to predict poor CPAP adherence. Both the SNOT-22 and PNIF can be valuable tools in the evaluation of OSA patients and in the management of CPAP treatment.
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| 36. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Aristocratic Wealth and Inequality in a Changing Society: Sweden, 1750–1900
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7716 .- 0346-8755. ; 44:1, s. 27-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of Europe’s economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as the country evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was markedly dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of all private wealth. 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. By 1900 the advantage of the nobles’ wealth had declined; the group held only 5 per cent of total private wealth. At the same time, stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. One group of super-rich Swedish nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, possessed the biggest fortunes, but a large minority of nobles were no richer than the average Swede.
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| 37. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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ARISTOCRATIC WEALTH AND INEQUALITY IN A CHANGING SOCIETY: SWEDEN, 1750–1900
- 2019
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Routledge. - 0346-8755. ; 44:1, s. 27-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of Europe’s economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as the country evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was markedly dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of all private wealth. 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. By 1900 the advantage of the nobles’ wealth had declined; the group held only 5 per cent of total private wealth. At the same time, stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. One group of super-rich Swedish nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, possessed the biggest fortunes, but a large minority of nobles were no richer than the average Swede.
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| 38. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Mercantilist Inequality : Wealth and Poverty in Stockholm 1650-1750
- 2019
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper maps social structure, poverty, wealth and economic inequality in Stockholm from 1650 to 1750. We begin by establishing the social structure, using census data and other sources. To study wealth and poverty, the main sources are a sample from the wealth tax of 1715, and probate inventory samples from 1650, 1700 and 1750. These provide detailed and sometimes surprising insights into the living standards of both the poor and rich. Stockholm in this period was a starkly unequal city, with the top decile of wealth holders owning about 90 per cent of total wealth. We argue that this inequality was the result of deliberate policy – the Mercantilist conviction of “just rewards” for each and every one according to his or her standing. The case of Stockholm shows the need for the historical inequality literature to consider class and power relations to understand the determinants of inequality.
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| 39. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Mercantilist Inequality: Wealth and Poverty in Stockholm 1650–1750
- 2022
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In: Economic History Review. - : Wiley. - 1468-0289 .- 0013-0117. ; 75:1, s. 157-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes and analyses social structure, poverty, wealth, and economic inequality in Stockholm from 1650 to 1750. We begin by establishing the social structure, using census data and other sources. To study wealth and poverty, the main sources are a complete record of the wealth tax of 1715, comprising 17,782 taxpayers, and a total of 1,125 probate inventories sampled from the years 1650, 1700, and 1750. These provide detailed and sometimes surprising insights into the living standards of both the poor and the rich. Stockholm in this period was a starkly unequal city, with the top decile of wealth holders owning about 90 per cent of total wealth. We relate this inequality to mercantilist policies. The city was run as an oligarchy and the oligarchical political institutions engendered policies that were rigged for inequality. The case of Stockholm thus shows the need for the historical inequality literature to consider class and power relations to understand the determinants of inequality.
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| 40. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Peasant Aristocrats? Wealth and Social Status of Swedish Farmer Parliamentarians 1769–1895
- 2018
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sweden was unique in early modern Europe, in that its parliament included a peasant farmer estate. It is commonplace in Swedish and international research to consider the peasant farmer politicians as the guarantee of a liberal and egalitarian path of development. On the other hand, in the Swedish-language political history literature, the peasant politicians are often seen as rather narrow-minded, their common political program limited to the issue of keeping (their own) taxes as low as possible, and opposed to any expansion of social policy and citizenship rights. To address the role of peasant farmer politicians, this paper presents a novel dataset of the social and economic status of the peasant MPs, with benchmarks for the 1769, 1809, 1840, 1865 and 1895 parliaments. We show that the politicians were three to four times wealthier than their voters, and in the 1895 parliament even 7.8 times wealthier. They were more likely to take bourgeois surnames and their children were likely to make a transition away from the peasant class and into the middle class. The exclusiveness of the peasant politicians, which increased over the nineteenth century, has implications for their policies, and helps explain the increasing conservatism and right-ward drift of Swedish farmer politics over the century.
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| 41. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Peasant aristocrats? Wealth, social status and the politics of Swedish farmer parliamentarians 1769–1895
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7716 .- 0346-8755. ; 45:5, s. 573-592
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden was unique in early modern Europe, in that its parliament included a peasant farmer estate. It is commonplace in Swedish and international research to consider the peasant farmer politicians as guarantors of a liberal and egalitarian path of development. In the Swedish-language literature on political history, these people are often seen as rather narrow-minded, their common political programme limited to the issue of keeping (their own) taxes as low as possible and opposed to any expansion of social policy and citizenship rights. To revisit the role of peasant parliamentarians, this paper presents a novel dataset of their social and economic status, with benchmarks for the 1769, 1809, 1840, 1865 and 1895 parliaments. We show that the politicians were normally three to four times wealthier than their electorate, in the 1895 parliament even seven to eight times wealthier. They were more likely to take bourgeois surnames and their children were likely to move out of the peasant class and into the middle class. The exclusiveness of the peasant politicians, which increased over the nineteenth century, has implications for their policies and helps explain the increasing conservatism and rightward drift of Swedish farmer politics over the century.
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| 42. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The Wealth of the Richest : Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900
- 2017
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of the European economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as Sweden evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. Medieval and early modern Sweden often has been described as not fully feudal. In line with this, and the (perceived) comparative strength of the peasantry, the nobility is assumed to have been comparatively unimportant and less economically dominant than elsewhere in Europe. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was very dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of private wealth while 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. In 1900 the nobles’ advantage had decreased but the stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. There was a group of super-rich nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, who possessed the biggest fortunes in Sweden. But there was also a large minority who were not richer than the average Swede. The overall wealth advantage of the nobles, however, hints at that while not all nobles were economically upper class in 1900, most of the upper class were nobles.
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| 43. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Unequal poverty and equal industrialisation: Finnish wealth, 1750-1900
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 67:3, s. 229-248
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first comprehensive, long-run estimates of Finnish wealth and its distribution from 1750 to 1900. Using wealth data from 17,279 probate inventories, we show that Finland was very unequal between 1750 and 1850; the top decile owned about 90% of total wealth. This means that Finland was more unequal than the much wealthier economies Britain, France and the US, which goes against the common assumption of richer economies being more unequal. Moreover, when industrialisation took off in Finland, inequality started a downward trajectory. High inequality 1750-1850 was bottom-driven, by a large share of the population owning nothing or close to nothing of value, while economic development after 1850 was pro-equal since the ownership of forests, since long in the hands of the peasantry, became more valuable with the development of forest-based industries. Our findings thus contradict commonplace assumptions that economic growth and industrialisation are associated with more inequality, as well as recent arguments that very few factors beyond catastrophes can decrease inequality. We instead argue for a more inductive and open approach to the determinants of long-run inequality.
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| 44. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Wealth inequality in Sweden 1750–1900
- 2018
-
In: Economic History Review. - : Wiley. - 1468-0289 .- 0013-0117. ; 71:3, s. 772-794
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the evolution of wealth inequality in Sweden from 1750 to 1900, contributing both to the debate on early modern and modern inequality and to the general debate on the pattern of inequality during industrialization. The pre‐industrial period (1750–1850) is for the first time examined for Sweden at the national level. The study uses a random sample of probate inventories from urban and rural areas across the country, adjusted for age and social class. Estimates are provided for the years 1750, 1800, 1850, and 1900. The results show a gradual growth in inequality as early as the mid‐eighteenth century, with the sharpest rise in the late nineteenth century. Whereas the early growth in inequality was connected to changes in the countryside and in agriculture, the later growth was related to industrialization encompassing both compositional effects and strong wealth accumulation among the richest. The level of inequality in Sweden in 1750 was lower than for other western European countries, but by 1900 Sweden was just as unequal.
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| 45. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Wealth inequality in Sweden, 1750–1900†
- 2018
-
In: Economic history review. - 0013-0117. ; 71, s. 772-794
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the evolution of wealth inequality in Sweden from 1750 to 1900, contributing both to the debate on early modern and modern inequality and to the general debate on the pattern of inequality during industrialization. The pre-industrial period (1750–1850) is for the first time examined for Sweden at the national level. The study uses a random sample of probate inventories from urban and rural areas across the country, adjusted for age and social class. Estimates are provided for the years 1750, 1800, 1850, and 1900. The results show a gradual growth in inequality as early as the mid-eighteenth century, with the sharpest rise in the late nineteenth century. Whereas the early growth in inequality was connected to changes in the countryside and in agriculture, the later growth was related to industrialization encompassing both compositional effects and strong wealth accumulation among the richest. The level of inequality in Sweden in 1750 was lower than for other western European countries, but by 1900 Sweden was just as unequal.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Bengtsson, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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Hayek, welfarism, and the deserving poor
- 2021. - 1
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In: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780429331312 - 9780367354268
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hayek sees poverty in its absolute sense as a factual problem, which the society has an obligation to deal with. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is not a problem with which the state should be concerned. Hayek approves the use of redistribution to decrease absolute poverty. However, redistribution of income for the sake of greater material equality would necessarily imply unequal treatment of men. This means that individuals will be used to fulfill the aims of other individuals; they will not be free. To Hayek, this is inacceptable. Other than the helping of the deserving poor to overcome poverty in its absolute sense, Hayek did not write much on poverty. The explanation for that is that Hayek viewed the problem of poverty mostly as a problem of the absence of prosperity. To Hayek, there is only one way to abolish poverty in the long run, and it is to make the society generally prosperous. A prosperous society is a society in continuous progress where all knowledge is put to its best use. Only in a free society, where the reward for supplying a good or service corresponds to the value it has to other individuals, will all knowledge come to use.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bengtsson, Karin, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Are ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events? A prospective nationwide population-based cohort study
- 2017
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In: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 19:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: To investigate the risk of first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA), compared to each other and to the general population (GP). Methods: This is a prospective nationwide cohort study. Cohorts with AS (n = 6448), PsA (n = 16,063) and uSpA (n = 5190) patients and a GP (n = 266,435) cohort, were identified 2001-2009 in the Swedish National Patient and Population registers. The follow-up began 1 January 2006, or 6 months after the first registered spondyloarthritis (SpA) diagnosis thereafter, and ended at ACS/stroke/VTE event, death, emigration or 31 December 2012. Crude and age- and sex-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for incident ACS, stroke or VTE, respectively. Results: Standardized to the GP cohort, SIRs for ACS were 4.3, 5.4 and 4.7 events per 1000 person-years at risk in the AS, PsA and uSpA cohort, respectively, compared to 3.2 in the GP cohort. SIRs for stroke were 5.4, 5.9 and 5.7 events per 1000 person-years at risk in the AS, PsA and uSpA cohort compared to 4.7 in the GP cohort. Corresponding SIRs for VTE were 3.6, 3.2 and 3.5 events per 1000 person-years at risk compared to 2.2 in the GP cohort. Age-and sex-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for ACS events were significantly increased in AS (1.54 (1.31-1.82)), PsA (1.76 (1.59-1.95)) and uSpA (1.36 (1.05-1.76)) compared to GP. Age-adjusted HRs for ACS was significantly decreased in female AS patients (0.59 (0.37-0.97)) compared to female PsA patients. Age-and sex-adjusted HRs for stroke events were significantly increased in AS (1.25 (1.06-1.48)) and PsA (1.34 (1.22-1.48)), and nonsignificantly increased in uSpA (1.16 (0.91-1.47)) compared to GP. For VTE the age-and sex-adjusted HRs for AS, PsA and uSpA were equally and significantly increased with about 50% compared to GP. Conclusions: Patients with AS, PsA and uSpA are at increased risk for ACS and stroke events, which emphasizes the importance of identification of and intervention against cardiovascular risk factors in SpA patients. Increased alertness for VTE is warranted in patients with SpA.
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| 50. |
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