| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Visualization of Borna Disease Virus Protein Interactions with Host Proteins using in situ Proximity Ligation Assay
- 2016
-
In: British journal of virology. - : ResearchersLinks Ltd. - 2055-6128. ; 3:1, s. 11-23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Borna disease virus type 1 (BDV) comprises highly conserved neurotropic non-segmented negative strand RNA-virus variants causing neurological and behavioral disorders in a wide range of mammalian animals, possibly including humans. Viral persistence in the brain has been frequently observed, however, the exact mechanisms behind BDV’s ability to establish persistence despite a prominent immune response are not known. Here we have used in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), a selective tool for studying virus-host protein-protein interactions. BDV P (phosphoprotein) and N (nucleoprotein) have previously been reported to interact with several host proteins, thereby interfering with various signaling pathways. In this study, we focused on some of these interactions (BDV P-HMGB1, BDV N/P-Cdc2). First, we used rat glioma cell cultures persistently infected with a laboratory strain of BDV (C6BV) to establish the assay. Next, in situ PLA was applied to detect BDV P in brain tissues of infected animals. Finally, protein-protein interactions were visualized in both C6BV and brain tissues of experimentally as well as naturally infected animals (rat and horse, respectively). BDV proteins and their interactions with host proteins could be shown in cell cultures (HMGB1, Cdc2) and in brain tissues of rat (HMGB1, Cdc2) and horse (Cdc2 only) infected with BDV. In this study, we have for the first time directly visualized protein-protein interactions between BDV and its host, and thereby confirmed previous data to demonstrate findings in cell cultures to be applicable also in experimentally and naturally infected animals.
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| 3. |
- Rögnvaldsson, Thorsteinn, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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ARC13 – Assessment of Research and Coproduction : Reports from the assessment of all research at Halmstad University 2013
- 2014
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- During 2013, an evaluation of all the research conducted at Halmstad University was carried out. The purpose was to assess the quality of the research, coproduction, and collaboration in research, as well as the impact of the research. The evaluation was dubbed the Assessment of Research and Coproduction 2013, or ARC13. (Extract from Executive Summary)
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| 4. |
- Abdel-Motal, Ussama M., et al.
(author)
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Major histocompatibility complex class I binding glycopeptides for the estimation of 'empty' class I molecules
- 1995
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In: Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 188:1, s. 21-31
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different forms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains are known to be expressed on the cell surface, including molecules which are functionally 'empty'. Direct peptide binding to cells is obvious during sensitization of target cells in vitro for cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing and 'empty' MHC-I molecules are comparatively abundant on TAP- 1 2 peptide transporter mutant cells. In the present work we have estimated the fraction of 'empty' MHC class I molecules using glycosylated peptides and cellular staining with carbohydrate specific monoclonal antibodies. Synthetic Db and Kb binding peptides were coupled at different positions with different di- or trisaccharides, using different spacing between the carbohydrate and the peptide backbone. Binding of sugar specific mAbs was compared in ELISA and cellular assays. An optimal Db binding glycopeptide was used for comparative staining with anti-Db and anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies to estimate fractions of 'empty' molecules on different T lymphoid cells. On activated normal T cells, a large fraction of Db molecules were found to be 'empty'. The functional cole of such 'empty' MHC class I molecules on T cells is presently unclear. However, on antigen presenting cells they might participate in the antigen presentation process.
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| 5. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 165:6, s. 899-905
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported in various countries to be 23-93/100000 inhabitants per year. This extended study has evaluated the incidence for similar to 40% of the Swedish population of 9 million inhabitants. Sweden is considered to be iodine sufficient country. Methods:All patients including children, who were newly diagnosed with overt hyperthyroidism in the years 2003-2005, were prospectively registered in a multicenter study. The inclusion criteria are as follows:clinical symptoms and/or signs of hyperthyroidism with plasma TSH concentration below 0.2 mIE/l and increased plasma levels of free/total triiodothyronine and/or free/total thyroxine. Patients with relapse of hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis were not included. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA), smoking, initial treatment, occurrence of thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs, and demographic data were registered. Results:A total of 2916 patients were diagnosed with de novo hyperthyroidism showing the total incidence of 27.6/100 000 inhabitants per year. The incidence of GD was 21.0/100 000 and toxic nodular goiter (TNG=STA+TMNG) occurred in 692 patients, corresponding to an annual incidence of 6.5/100 000. The incidence was higher in women compared with men (4.2:1). Seventy-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with GD, in whom thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs occurred during diagnosis in every fifth patient. Geographical differences were observed. Conclusion:The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden is in a lower range compared with international reports. Seventy-five percent of patients with hyperthyroidism had GD and 20% of them had thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs during diagnosis. The observed geographical differences require further studies.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Agarwal, PK, et al.
(author)
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Box-trees and R-trees with near-optimal query time
- 2002
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In: Discrete & Computational Geometry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-5376 .- 1432-0444. ; 28:3, s. 291-312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A box-tree is a bounding-volume hierarchy that uses axis-aligned boxes as bounding volumes. The query complexity of a box-tree with respect to a given type of query is the maximum number of nodes visited when answering such a query. We describe several new algorithms for constructing box-trees with small worst-case query complexity with respect to queries with axis-parallel boxes and with points. We also prove lower bounds on the Worst-case query complexity for box-trees, which show that our results are optimal or close to optimal. Finally, we present algorithms to convert box-trees to R-trees, resulting in R-trees with (almost) optimal query complexity.
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| 8. |
- Agüero, Ramón, et al.
(author)
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RRM Challenges for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks in Ambient Networks
- 2005
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the Radio Resource Management (RRM) functionalities needed for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks. These types of networks are characterized by increased cooperation between different types of networks and providers and they are believed to play a fundamental role for future wireless network networking. The paper describes three specific concepts, which latter is used to identify new RRM challenges. In addition, it identifies the relation between the RRM challenges and the Ambient Networks architecture and functionalities, in particular the multiradio resource management functionality.
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| 9. |
- Alm, Erika, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2021
-
In: Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030474324 ; , s. 1-18
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The focus of this book is on the many far from predictable transformative political processes on gender, sexuality and coloniality that grow out of the broad range of bodies and actors engaged in politics outside the hegemonic order and in everyday activities. These processes are not conducted by states, governments or transnational nongovernmental organisations; rather, they are examples of politics in-between states, organisations and national imagined communities. In this first chapter we will introduce some of the main themes, regarding these processes we in our joint research programme have worked on over the last couple of years.
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| 10. |
- Aminoff, Victoria, et al.
(author)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychological Distress Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2021
-
In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various negative psychological consequences. This is a challenge for the society as regular psychological services cannot be offered to the same extent as before the pandemic. In addition to the requirement of social distancing, there is a need to adjust psychological treatment components like exposure to avoid increasing the spread of the infection. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has an established evidence base for a range of psychiatric problems and has been suggested as one possible approach to deal with the situation. This study aimed to conduct a randomized controlled pilot trial during the summer of 2020 with a broad focus on psychological distress and a treatment approach that tailors the intervention based on symptom profile and preferences.Methods: Following the advertisement and interview, we included 52 participants with elevated levels of psychological distress. They were randomly allocated to either a 7-week-long individually tailored ICBT (n = 26) or a wait-list control condition (n = 26). Measures of depression and quality of life were used as primary outcomes. We also included secondary outcome measures of anxiety, insomnia, trauma, stress, anger, and alcohol use. For screening, we used the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS). Results: Overall moderate to large between-group effects were found at post-treatment in favor of the treatment on measures of both depression [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); Cohens d = 0.63; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): d = 0.62] and anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7-item scale (GAD-7); d = 0.82]. This was also observed for stress symptoms [Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14); d = 1.04]. No effects were seen on measures of quality of life, insomnia, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and anger. There was an effect on alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT); d = 0.54], which was not of clinical relevance.Conclusion: Individually tailored ICBT shows initial promise as a way to reduce psychological problems in association with the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible limitation was that the trial was conducted when the effects of the pandemic were decreasing and when fewer people were affected by the restrictions (e.g., the summer of 2020).
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| 11. |
- Aminoff, Victoria, et al.
(author)
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Tailored internet-based psychological treatment for psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
- 2023
-
In: Internet Interventions. - : ELSEVIER. - 2214-7829. ; 34
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic influence mental health in both infected and non-infected populations. In this study we examined if individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) could be an effective treatment for psychological symptoms related to the pandemic. Following recruitment we included 76 participants who were randomized to either a treatment group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 39). The treatment group received 8 modules (out of 16 possible) during 8 weeks with weekly therapist support. We collected data on symptoms of depression, experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, anger, insomnia, PTSD, and alcohol use before, after the treatment and at one year follow-up. Using multiple regression analysis, group condition was found to be a statistically significant predictor for a decrease, favoring the treatment group, in symptoms of depression, insomnia, and anger with small to moderate effect sizes. The improvements remained at one year follow-up. Group condition did not significantly predict changing symptoms regarding experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, PTSD and alcohol use. Findings indicate that ICBT is an effective intervention for some psychological symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for further studies on mechanisms of change and on tailored ICBT for problems associated with crises like the pandemic.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andéhn, Mikael, 1982-
(author)
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Place-of-Origin Effects on Brand Equity : Explicating the evaluative pertinence of product categories and association strength
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The country-of-origin effect - the alteration of judgment derived from an association to a place, is a much studied phenomenon with great potential implications for brand management and international marketing. However, in light of criticism towards the lack of conceptual development the extant literature, the relevance of the effect has been brought into question.Through an exploration of the psychology of the association between brands and places, the country-of-origin effect is reimagined focusing on the role of association strength as well as how the interplay between place and product categories can shape consumer attitudes.The results of a series of psychometric tests suggest that association strength and the interplay between place and product category constitute antecedent conditions that are crucial for determining if a country-of-origin effect will occur. These findings, and their implications for future research as well as for practice, suggest that a reevaluation of the country-of-origin effect with a widening of the scope to encompass the commercial relevance of place writ large is warranted.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, C. David, et al.
(author)
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Benefits of statistical molecular design, covariance analysis, and reference models in QSAR : a case study on acetylcholinesterase
- 2015
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In: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-654X .- 1573-4951. ; 29:3, s. 199-215
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scientific disciplines such as medicinal- and environmental chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology deal with the questions related to the effects small organic compounds exhort on biological targets and the compounds' physicochemical properties responsible for these effects. A common strategy in this endeavor is to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs). The aim of this work was to illustrate benefits of performing a statistical molecular design (SMD) and proper statistical analysis of the molecules' properties before SAR and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Our SMD followed by synthesis yielded a set of inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that had very few inherent dependencies between the substructures in the molecules. If such dependencies exist, they cause severe errors in SAR interpretation and predictions by QSAR-models, and leave a set of molecules less suitable for future decision-making. In our study, SAR- and QSAR models could show which molecular sub-structures and physicochemical features that were advantageous for the AChE inhibition. Finally, the QSAR model was used for the prediction of the inhibition of AChE by an external prediction set of molecules. The accuracy of these predictions was asserted by statistical significance tests and by comparisons to simple but relevant reference models.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(author)
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Free choice of treatment content, support on demand and supervision in internet-delivered CBT for adults with depression : A randomized factorial design trial
- 2023
-
In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 162
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even if much is known regarding the effects of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for depression there are several topics that have not been studied. In this factorial design trial with 197 participants we investigated if clients in ICBT could select treatment modules themselves based on a selection of 15 tailored treatment modules developed for use in ICBT for depression. We contrasted this against clinician-tailored module selection. We also investigated if support on demand (initiated by the client) could work as well as scheduled support. Finally, we tested if clients that were mentioned in supervision would improve more than clients not mentioned (with the exception of acute cases). The treatment period lasted for 10 weeks, and we measured effects at post-treatment and two-year follow-up. Measures of depression and secondary outcomes were collected at pre-treatment, post-treatment and two-year follow-up. Overall, within-group effects were large across con-ditions (e.g., d = 1.73 on the BDI-II). We also found a small but significant difference in favour of self-tailored treatment over clinician-tailored (d = 0.26). Within-group effects for the secondary measures were all moderate to large including a test of knowledge about CBT. The other two contrasts "support on demand" and "supervision" yielded mostly non-significant differences, with the exception of a larger dropout rate in the support on demand condition. There were few negative effects (2.2%). Effects were largely maintained at a two-year follow-up. We conclude that clients can choose treatment modules and that support on demand may work. The role of su-pervision is not yet clear as advice can be transferred across clients.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Badam, Tejaswi, et al.
(author)
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CD4(+) T-cell DNA methylation changes during pregnancy significantly correlate with disease-associated methylation changes in autoimmune diseases
- 2022
-
In: Epigenetics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1559-2294 .- 1559-2308. ; 17:9, s. 1040-1055
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epigenetics may play a central, yet unexplored, role in the profound changes that the maternal immune system undergoes during pregnancy and could be involved in the pregnancy-induced modulation of several autoimmune diseases. We investigated changes in the methylome in isolated circulating CD4(+) T-cells in non-pregnant and pregnant women, during the 1(st) and 2(nd) trimester, using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K array, and explored how these changes were related to autoimmune diseases that are known to be affected during pregnancy. Pregnancy was associated with several hundreds of methylation differences, particularly during the 2(nd) trimester. A network-based modular approach identified several genes, e.g., CD28, FYN, VAV1 and pathways related to T-cell signalling and activation, highlighting T-cell regulation as a central component of the observed methylation alterations. The identified pregnancy module was significantly enriched for disease-associated methylation changes related to multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A negative correlation between pregnancy-associated methylation changes and disease-associated changes was found for multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, diseases that are known to improve during pregnancy whereas a positive correlation was found for systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease that instead worsens during pregnancy. Thus, the directionality of the observed changes is in line with the previously observed effect of pregnancy on disease activity. Our systems medicine approach supports the importance of the methylome in immune regulation of T-cells during pregnancy. Our findings highlight the relevance of using pregnancy as a model for understanding and identifying disease-related mechanisms involved in the modulation of autoimmune diseases.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bálint, Adám, et al.
(author)
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The first Swedish H1N2 swine influenza virus isolate represents an uncommon reassortant
- 2009
-
In: Virology Journal. - 1743-422X. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European swine influenza viruses (SIVs) show considerable diversity comprising different types of H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 strains. The intensifying full genome sequencing efforts reveal further reassortants within these subtypes. Here we report the identification of an uncommon reassortant variant of H1N2 subtype influenza virus isolated from a pig in a multisite herd where H1N2 swine influenza was diagnosed for the first time in Sweden during the winter of 2008-2009. The majority of the European H1N2 swine influenza viruses described so far possess haemagglutinin (HA) of the human-like H1N2 SIV viruses and the neuraminidase (NA) of either the European H1N2 or H3N2 SIV-like viruses. The Swedish isolate has an avian-like SIV HA and a H3N2 SIV-like NA, which is phylogenetically more closely related to H3N2 SIV NAs from isolates collected in the early '80s than to the NA of H3N2 origin of the H1N2 viruses isolated during the last decade, as depicted by some German strains, indicative of independent acquisition of the NA genes for these two types of reassortants. The internal genes proved to be entirely of avian-like SIV H1N1 origin. The prevalence of this SIV variant in pig populations needs to be determined, as well as the suitability of the routinely used laboratory reagents to analyze this strain.The description of this H1N2 SIV adds further information to influenza epidemiology and supports the necessity of surveillance for influenza viruses in pigs.
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| 20. |
- Belak, Sandor, et al.
(author)
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New viruses in veterinary medicine, detected by metagenomic approaches
- 2013
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 165, s. 95-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In our world, which is faced today with exceptional environmental changes and dramatically intensifying globalisation, we are encountering challenges due to many new factors, including the emergence or re-emergence of novel, so far “unknown” infectious diseases. Although a broad arsenal of diagnostic methods is at our disposal, the majority of the conventional diagnostic tests is highly virus-specific or is targeted entirely towards a limited group of infectious agents. This specificity complicates or even hinders the detection of new or unexpected pathogens, such as new, emerging or re-emerging viruses or novel viral variants. The recently developed approaches of viral metagenomics provide an effective novel way to screen samples and detect viruses without previous knowledge of the infectious agent, thereby enabling a better diagnosis and disease control, in line with the “One World, One Health” principles (www.oneworldonehealth.org). Using metagenomic approaches, we have recently identified a broad variety of new viruses, such as novel bocaviruses, Torque Teno viruses, astroviruses, rotaviruses and kobuviruses in porcine disease syndromes, new virus variants in honeybee populations, as well as a range of other infectious agents in further host species. These findings indicate that the metagenomic detection of viral pathogens is becoming now a powerful, cultivation-independent, and useful novel diagnostic tool in veterinary diagnostic virology.
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| 21. |
- Berenjian, Saideh, 1963-
(author)
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Construction of Adenovirus Vectors for Studies of Protein Function and RNA Interference
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During an adenovirus infection the accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs is subjected to a tight temporal regulation. The IIIa protein is a structural protein expressed exclusively late after infection. To study the significance of the restricted IIIa protein expression we used a Tet-ON regulated adenoviral vector to overexpress the IIIa protein during the early phase of infection. The results show that unregulated IIIa protein expression caused a reduction in late viral protein accumulation and a slight block of viral DNA replication. Further, the results indicate that IIIa splicing might be subjected to a regulation via a feed back loop stimulating its own expression. To improve the efficacy of vectors for regulated transgene expression, we constructed binary adenoviral vectors based on the Tet-ON and Tet-OFF systems. These vectors encode both the transcriptional activator and the tetracycline-regulated expression cassette from the same viral unit, ensuring that each infected cell will express both the activator and the reporter gene. In model experiments this system was shown to result in a tight control of gene expression with no detectable background expression of the transgene and induction levels reaching 500-600 fold. Introduction of dsRNA into a cell will induce a sequence specific degradation of the homologous mRNA via a mechanism named RNA interference (RNAi). The adenovirus VA RNAs are short highly structured RNAs that are expressed in large amounts late during an adenovirus infection. Here we showed that both VA RNAI and VA RNAII functions as virus-encoded suppressors of RNAi, by interfering with the activity of Dicer, the enzyme that cleaves the initial dsRNA to short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate RNAi. Further, the VA RNAs themselves are substrates for Dicer and are cleaved into siRNAs in vivo that are incorporated into active RNA-induced silencing complexes. There is a great interest in developing novel therapeutic strategies based on RNAi. We constructed adenoviral vectors that express short hairpin RNAs, which in vivo will be cleaved to siRNAs that induce sequence-specific RNAi. We compared the efficiency of RNAi induced by vectors based on the viral VA RNAI and the human U6 promoters. Our results suggest that under conditions where the recombinant virus does not replicate, the VA RNA promoter is more effective in down regulating target gene expression, whereas the U6 promoter was more effective under replicative conditions.
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| 22. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Decomposition rates in late stages of Scots pine and Norway spruce needle litter: Influence of nutrients and substrate properties over a climate gradient
- 2022
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 522
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to show different patterns for decomposition of the main mass of needle litter from two boreal and temperate coniferous tree species, both leading to a stabilized fraction of litter. To this purpose we have reviewed information on decomposition patterns in the lignin-dominated (late) stages of two local foliar litter types, namely those of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) from two climatic gradients of equal extension. We have also reviewed factors determining the limit values for both species.Long-term decomposition studies were used to calculate annual mass loss in the lignin-dominated decomposition stage and relate these to mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and acid unhydrolyzable residue (gravimetric lignin, AUR).There was no effect of MAT on decomposition of either needle litter type. MAP had a rate-dampening effect on decomposition of Norway spruce litter. There was a rate-stimulating effect of Mn for Norway spruce litter but not for that of Scots pine. In spite of the strong negative effect of AUR and N on decomposition of Scots pine litter there was none at all for that of Norway spruce.Limit values for decomposition were related to the litters’ initial concentrations of N, Mn and AUR and differed between litter types for locally collected, natural litter and for that from experimental litter, the latter having higher N and lower Mn concentrations than the natural litter.We conclude that the two litter types have clear differences as regards rate- regulating factors for decomposition in the late lignin-dominated stage as well as for the stable fraction and suggest two different pathways for their decomposition. This is the first time that different pathways have been suggested for decomposing litter.
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| 23. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Long-term effects of climate and litter chemistry on rates and stable fractions of decomposing Scots pine and Norway spruce needle litter - A synthesis
- 2022
-
In: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have reviewed information on early-, late- and limit-value decomposition stages for litter of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus silvestris). This synthesis covers c 16 studies/papers made along a climatic gradient; range in mean annual temperature (MAT) from −1 to +7 °C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 425 to 1070 mm. Scots pine has an early stage dominated by carbohydrate decomposition and a late stage dominated by decomposition of lignin; Norway spruce has just one stage dominated by lignin decomposition. We used data for annual mass loss to identify rate-regulating factors in both stages; climate data, namely, MAT and MAP, as well as substrate properties, namely, nitrogen (N), acid unhydrolyzable residue (AUR), manganese (Mn). Early-stage decomposition for Scots pine litter was dominated positively by MAT; the late stage was dominated negatively by MAT, N, and AUR, changing with decomposition stage; there was no effect of Mn. Norway spruce litter had no early stage; decomposition in the lignin-dominated stage was mainly negative to MAP, a negative relationship to AUR and non-significant relationships to N and MAT. Mn had a positive relationship. Limit values for decomposition, namely, the accumulated mass loss at which decomposition is calculated to be zero, were related positively to Mn and AUR for Scots pine litter and negatively to AUR for Norway spruce litter. With different sets of rate-regulating factors as well as different compounds/elements related to the limit values, the decomposition patterns or pathways are different.
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| 24. |
- Berg, Björn, 1943-, et al.
(author)
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Magnesium dynamics in decomposing foliar litter - a synthesis
- 2021
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In: Geoderma. - : Elsevier. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 382
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We synthesized available data for magnesium (Mg) dynamics in newly shed and decomposing foliar litter of mainly pine (Pinus) species, Norway spruce (Picea abies), and birch (Betula) species. Using original, measured data from 40 stands organized in climatic gradients we intended to determine patterns of Mg concentration and net release vs accumulated mass loss of the litter. This synthesis is likely the first synthesis of Mg dynamics in decomposing litter.In paired stands, litter of both Norway spruce and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) had higher Mg concentrations than Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), with concentrations in Norway spruce litter even twice as high.In decomposing litter, Mg concentrations followed a quadratic (X2-X) function vs accumulated mass loss and consequently had minima, different for Norway spruce and Scots pine litter. Out of 68 decomposition studies 53 gave minimum concentration. The Mg minimum concentration during decomposition was positively related to initial Mg concentration for Scots pine and Scots pine plus lodgepole pine but not for Norway spruce. The increase in concentration suggests that after the minimum Mg was temporarily limiting.For Norway spruce litter there was a relationship between minimum concentration of Mg and the limit value. There was no such relationship for Scots pine and not for the combined pine data.Magnesium net release started directly after the incubation and was linear to accumulated mass loss of litter, giving a slope coefficient (release rate) for each study. The net release rate was linear to initial Mg concentration and all studies combined gave a negative linear relationship.
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| 25. |
- Berg, Frenk van den, et al.
(author)
-
How the EU project “Online Microstructure Analytics” advances inline sensing of microstructure during steel manufacturing
- 2023
-
In: Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing (ReJNDT). - Lisabon : NDT.net GmbH & Co. KG. - 2941-4989. ; 1:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Weight savings in mobility and transport are mandatory in order to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The steel industry offers weight saving solutions by a growing portfolio of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) products. AHSS owe their strength to their largely refined and complex microstructures, containing multiple metallurgical phases. Optimal control of the thermo-mechanical processing of AHSS requires inline sensors for real-time monitoring of evolution and consistency of microstructure and material properties.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Berg, Frenk van den, et al.
(author)
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Results of the European collaborative project "Product Uniformity Control" to improve the inline sensing of mechanical properties and microstructure of automotive steels
- 2018
-
In: e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing (eJNDT). - 1435-4934. ; 23:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A European consortium consisting of four major steel manufacturers and ten academic technology institutes has conducted a research and development project, called “Product Uniformity Control“ (PUC) in the period 2013 to 2017. This project aimed to develop and improve non-destructive (inline) measurement techniques to characterise the (uniformity of the) microstructure of steel strip products. In this project, a multitude of strip steel samples from various stages of production have been collected from the four participating steel manufacturers. The samples have been characterised in various ways, namely on their (1) non-destructive measurement parameters using different techniques suited for inline evaluation, (2) fundamental ultrasonic and electromagnetic properties (wave speed, ultrasonic attenuation, magnetisation loops, coercive field), (3) tensile properties (stress-strain curves) and (4) microstructure (by optical micrographs and EBSD images). The correlations between these different characterisations will be addressed. Besides the experimental characterisation, a strong accent has been on modelling activities: during the project, fundamental models have been developed to describe, starting from 2D and 3D microstructures, the ultrasonic and magnetic properties, which are next used as input to sensor models that predict the output of the inline measurement systems. This contribution presents the recent results of experimental work, which underlines the importance of associated modelling studies for the interpretation of the measurement data for the benefit of inline characterisation of the mechanical properties complementary to traditional destructive tensile testing.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Berg, Jan-Erik, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Low-consistency refining of CTMP targeting high strength and bulk : effect of filling pattern and trial scale
- 2021
-
In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : De Gruyter Open. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 36:1, s. 33-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is often used in central layers of multiply paperboards due to its high bulk and strength. Such a CTMP should consist of well-separated undamaged fibres with sufficient bonding capacity. The basic objective of this work is to optimize process conditions in low-consistency (LC) refining, i. e. to select or ultimately develop new optimal LC refiner filling patterns, in order to produce fibrillar fines and improve the separation of fibres from each other while preserving the natural fibre morphology as much as possible. Furthermore, the aim is to evaluate if this type of work can be done at laboratory-scale or if it is necessary to run trials in pilot- or mill-scale in order to get relevant answers. First stage CTMP made from Norway spruce (Picea abies) was LC refined in mill-, pilot- and laboratory-scale trials and with different filling patterns. The results show that an LR1 laboratory refiner can favourably be used instead of larger refiners in order to characterize CTMP with regard to tensile index and z-strength versus bulk. A fine filling pattern resulted in CTMP with higher tensile index, z-strength and energy efficiency at maintained bulk compared to a standard filling pattern.
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| 30. |
- Berg, Jan-Erik, 1957-, et al.
(author)
-
Refining gentleness - a key to bulky CTMP
- 2022
-
In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 37:2, s. 349-355
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is often used in middle layers of multiply paperboards due to its high bulk at specified strength. Such a CTMP should consist of well-separated undamaged fibres with sufficient bonding capacity. The basic objective of this work is to examine the effect of refining on bulk, taking into account conditions such as temperature, sulphonation, refining gap and refiner size. First stage CTMP made from Norway spruce (Picea abies) were produced in pilot and mill scale trials. Two new parameters, Equivalent temperature related to softness and Refining gentleness are introduced that take into account refining conditions as actual temperature, softening temperature, bound sulphonate content, refining gap and refiner diameter. The results show that bulk increases linearly with refining gentleness.
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| 31. |
- Berg, Kirsti, et al.
(author)
-
A High Precision Method for Quantitative Measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species in Frozen Biopsies
- 2014
-
In: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. e90964-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique using the spin probe cyclic hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH) was introduced as a versatile method for high precision quantification of reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide radical in frozen biological samples such as cell suspensions, blood or biopsies. Materials and Methods: Loss of measurement precision and accuracy due to variations in sample size and shape were minimized by assembling the sample in a well-defined volume. Measurement was carried out at low temperature (150 K) using a nitrogen flow Dewar. The signal intensity was measured from the EPR 1st derivative amplitude, and related to a sample, 3-carboxy-proxyl (CPN) with known spin concentration. Results: The absolute spin concentration could be quantified with a precision and accuracy better than +/- 10 mu M (k = 1). The spin concentration of samples stored at -80 degrees C could be reproduced after 6 months of storage well within the same error estimate. Conclusion: The absolute spin concentration in wet biological samples such as biopsies, water solutions and cell cultures could be quantified with higher precision and accuracy than normally achievable using common techniques such as flat cells, tissue cells and various capillary tubes. In addition; biological samples could be collected and stored for future incubation with spin probe, and also further stored up to at least six months before EPR analysis, without loss of signal intensity. This opens for the possibility to store and transport incubated biological samples with known accuracy of the spin concentration over time.
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| 32. |
- Berg, Linda, 1973, et al.
(author)
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National Identity and Political Trust
- 2010
-
In: Perspectives on European Politics and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1570-5854 .- 1568-0258. ; 11:4, s. 390-407
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article set out to test the almost taken for granted assumption that a minimum form of cohesion amongst the members of society is needed in order for political institutions to exist over time. The problem is that it is rare to find any specifications of the content of the national cohesion to be effective. The debate goes from thin to thick forms of cohesion. We aim to test this idea by examining how two forms of collective national identity (ethnic and civic) affect individual political trust in 18 European countries. We conclude that a strong civic national identity has a positive impact on political trust whereas a strong ethnic national identity has a negative impact on political trust. Individual data comes from the European Social Survey 2004 (ESSII).
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| 33. |
- Berg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Parental death during childhood and depression in young adults – a national cohort study
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 57:9, s. 1092-1098
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThere are few prospective, population-based studies on childhood parental death and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, and previous findings are inconclusive. This study investigated the association between parental death from natural and external (suicides, accidents or homicides) causes before 18 years and the risk of clinical depression in young adults, in relation to age at loss and gender of both child and parent.MethodsIn this register-based study, a national cohort born in Sweden during 1973–1982 (n = 862,554) was followed with regard to hospital admissions and outpatient care for depression during 2006–2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the impact of parental death, taking sociodemographic and parental psychosocial covariates into account.ResultsMaternal death from natural causes was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of outpatient care for depression of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.40] in men and 1.15 (1.01–1.31) in women, after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, with similar effect sizes for paternal natural death. Death from external causes consistently had higher effect size compared with natural deaths, in particular in relation to risk of hospital admissions for depression where they were as high as HR 3.23 (2.38–4.38) for men, and 1.79 (1.30–2.47) for women after a loss of a mother. Losing a parent in preschool age, compared with losing a parent as a teenager, was associated with higher risks of both hospitalization (p = .006) and outpatient care (p = .001) for depression.ConclusionsThis study indicates that parental loss to death from natural causes during childhood is associated with a small increased risk of long-term consequences for psychological health. Children who lose their parents to death from external causes, that is suicides, accidents or homicides, and children losing a parent in young ages are, however, at particular risk and should be given priority in preventive interventions after parental loss.
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| 34. |
- Berg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Parental Death During Childhood and Subsequent School Performance
- 2014
-
In: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 133:4, s. 682-689
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Parental death during childhood has been linked to increased mortality and mental health problems in adulthood. School failure may be an important mediator in this trajectory. We investigated the association between parental death before age 15 years and school performance at age 15 to 16 years, taking into account potentially contributing factors such as family socioeconomic position (SEP) and parental substance abuse, mental health problems, and criminality.METHODS: This was a register-based national cohort study of 772117 subjects born in Sweden between 1973 and 1981. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze school performance as mean grades (scale: 1-5; SD: 0.70) and school failure (finished school with incomplete grades). Results are presented as -coefficients and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Parental death was associated with lower grades (ORs: -0.21 [95% CI: -0.23 to -0.20] and -0.17 [95% CI: -0.19 to -0.15]) for paternal and maternal deaths, respectively. Adjustment for SEP and parental psychosocial factors weakened the associations, but the results remained statistically significant. Unadjusted ORs of school failure were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.92 to 2.17) and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.35 to 1.69) for paternal and maternal deaths. In fully adjusted models, ORs were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.31 to 1.49) and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.32). The higher crude impact of death due to external causes (ie, accident, violence, suicide) (OR: -0.27 [90% CI: -0.28 to -0.26]), compared with natural deaths (OR: -0.16 [95% CI: -0.17 to -0.15]), was not seen after adjustment for SEP and psychosocial situation of the family.CONCLUSIONS: Parental death during childhood was associated with lower grades and school failure. Much of the effect, especially for deaths by external causes, was associated with socially adverse childhood exposures.
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| 35. |
- Berg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Parental death during childhood and violent crime in late adolescence to early adulthood : a Swedish national cohort study
- 2019
-
In: Palgrave Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-1045. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Childhood parental death has been associated with adverse health, social and educational outcomes. Studies on long-term outcomes are in general scarce and there is little evidence on the long-term impact on anti-social behaviour. This study takes advantage of high-quality register data to investigate risk of violent crime in relation to childhood parental death in a large national cohort covering the entire Swedish population born in 1983–1993 (n = 1,103,656). The impact of parental death from external (suicides, accidents, homicides) and natural causes on risk for violent crime from age 15 to 20–30 years, considering multiple aspects of the rearing environment (including parental psychiatric disorders and criminal offending), was estimated through Cox regression. Unadjusted hazard ratios associated with parental death from external causes ranged between 2.20 and 3.49. For maternal and paternal death from external causes, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.26 (95% confidence intervals: 1.04–1.51) and 1.44 (95% confidence intervals: 1.32–1.57) for men, and 1.47 (95% confidence intervals: 1.05–2.06) and 1.51 (95% confidence intervals: 1.27–1.78) for women. With the exception of maternal death among women (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence intervals: 1.03–1.53), parental death from natural causes was not associated with increased risks in adjusted models. The results underscore the importance of preventive interventions to prevent negative life-course trajectories, particularly when death is sudden and clustered with other childhood adversities.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Att resonera nyanserat i Samhällskunskap : ett begränsande eller vidgande kunskapskrav?
- 2020
-
In: SO-didaktik. - : Föreningen SO-didaktik. - 2002-4525. ; :9, s. 70-75
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Många samhällskunskapslärare har nog funderat på hur man som lärare ska ta sig an och agera gentemot elever som ger uttryck för ett ensidigt politiskt perspektiv. Hur ska man få eleven att vidga sina perspektiv utan att för den skull styra och bestämma för eleven vad som ”rätt sak att tänka och säga”? Läraren måste samtidigt förhålla sig till skolans värdegrund och demokratiska uppdrag. Forskarna Mikael Berg och Anders Persson har undersökt hur samhällskunskapslärare skulle agera i ett fingerat scenario kring en sådan ”vinklad” elev och de upptänkte då att lärarna var ganska överens om att det handlar om att ge eleven fler perspektiv, men hur elever skulle få dessa perspektiv varierade.
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| 38. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-
(author)
-
Bedömning som ett kunskapsideologiskt ställningstagande: lärares bedömningsstrategier och samhällskunskapsämnets laborativa, analytiska och avgränsade kunskapsinnehåll
- 2020
-
In: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; :2020:3, s. 109-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last decade, the Swedish research field has gained an increasing interest in what knowledge content to use in the subject of social science. However, less interest has been given the didactical questions on how and what relates to each other in constructing knowledge content. The aim of this article is, therefore, to explore how teacher’s assessment strategies relate to selecting knowledge content. The method used is semi-structured interviews with four experienced secondary school teachers on how they work with assessment. The results show three assessment strategies, which are reasoning, systematic and correcting assessment strategies. In different ways, the assessment strategies then relate to several knowledge content positions. Firstly, to a more tentatively and elaborating position with focus on the student’s questions. Secondly, to an analytical and progress-oriented position with focus on disciplinary concepts. Finally, to a more definitive and orienting position with focus on democratic values. Therefore, I argue that we need to pay more attention to the didactical question of how and what relates to understanding the complexity in constructing a knowledge content.
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| 39. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-
(author)
-
Combining time and space : An organizing concept for narratives in history teaching
- 2021
-
In: Acta Didactica Norden. - : University of Oslo Library. - 2535-8219. ; 15:1, s. 1-23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To construct a historical narrative in teaching content, teachers need subject-specifictools. This article explores how, in a history course taught in Sweden, different combi-nations of time and what can be called ‘space’ can operate as one such subject-specifictool. To collect data on how this might be done, semi-structured interviews were con-ducted with teachers who described the content of a history course they taught. Theirstatements in interviews, alongside examples of their teaching materials, were used toidentify six different ways of combining time and space in history teaching. Thesecombinations were then grouped into three categories: one, when time runs from thepast to the present and where there is a strong emphasis on periodization and geo-graphical location; two, when time runs from the past to the present but there is lessemphasis on periodization and geographical location and a greater emphasis on issuesor themes across long periods of time; and three, when the time perspective is directedeither forward or back in time and focuses on different aspects of the notion of ‘space’.The overall conclusion is that time and space categories can help to structure teachingcontent, mainly because they organize in specific ways the historical narrative on whichthat teaching content is based. The choice of time and space in teaching content can,therefore, shape the way history is taught as a subject. The results of this study contributeto a discussion of the subject-specific tools that are available for teachers when theyconstruct narratives in their teaching of history.
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| 40. |
- Berg, Mikael
(author)
-
Complete genome of Avian coronavirus vaccine strains Ma5 and BR-I
- 2017
-
In: Microbiology Resource Announcements. - 2576-098X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) is a ubiquitous multiple-serotype pathogen of poultry, and its control is mainly based on the use of vaccines. We report here the previously unknown full genomes of the Ma5 (27,652 nucleotides [nt]) and BR-I (27,618 nt) AvCoV vaccine strains of the GI-1 (Massachusetts) and GI-11 (Brazil) types.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Elevers angelägna frågor : Gymnasieelevers berättelser om angelägna frågor utifrån humanistiska, samhällsvetenskapliga och naturvetenskapliga disciplinära ansatser
- 2023
-
In: Acta Didactica Norden. - 2535-8219. ; 17:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allt fler studier pekar på ungdomars pessimistiska sätt att se på samhället och framtiden. Denna studie undersöker 55 gymnasieelevers texter om samhällsfrågor de själva ser som viktiga och deras syn på framtiden i förhållande till den valda frågan. I studien undersöks vilka teman som är särskilt framträdande, om eleverna har en optimistiskt eller pessimistisk framtidssyn och vilka typer av disciplinärt färgade ansatser som eleverna använder sig av. Texten skulle enligt instruktion innehålla en nulägesbeskrivning, en förklaring till varför det ser ut som det gör, och en reflektion om framtiden. Texterna har skrivits anonymt och utan koppling till något särskilt skolämne. Fyra innehållsliga teman sticker ut som dominerande: (1) Mänskliga rättigheter (2) Miljöfrågor (3) Sociala relationer (4) Medicinska lösningar och kunskapsutveckling. 21 texter har en optimistisk syn på framtiden, 17 texter har en pessimistisk framtidssyn och resterande 17 uppvisar både ock, alternativt är svårbedömda. Texterna om mänskliga rättigheter skrevs företrädelsevis med samhällsvetenskaplig ansats, medan miljöfrågorna i hög grad hanterades utifrån humanistiska förtecken. Det finns ett visst mönster i analysen som visar att texternas disciplinära ansatser påverkar huruvida eleverna uttrycker sig optimistiskt eller pessimistiskt inför framtiden. När eleverna får möjligheten att i skolan bearbeta en för dem angelägen fråga utan att uppgiften definieras av en skolämneskontext, tenderar de att använda ett brett urval av disciplinära ansatser. Det föranleder en diskussion om huruvida den angelägna frågan bör lyftas ut ur sitt skolämnessammanhang för att möjliggöra för eleven att bearbeta frågan på nya sätt.
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| 43. |
- Berg, Mikael
(author)
-
Emergence of Avian coronavirus Escape Mutants Under Suboptimal Antibody Titers
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Molecular Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2844 .- 1432-1432. ; 90, s. 176-181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To perform a quasispecies assessment of the effect of vaccine combinations and antibody titers on the emergence of Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) escape mutants, 5-week-old males from a commercial chicken breeder lineage were vaccinated intramuscularly with one dose of a monovalent (genotype GI-1) or a bivalent (genotypes GI-1 and GI-11 (n = 40 birds/group) AvCoV vaccine. Seven birds were kept as controls. Six weeks later, pools of sera of each group were prepared and incubated at virus neutralization doses of 10 and 10(-1) with the Beaudette strain (GI-1) of AvCoV in VERO cells. Rescued viruses were then submitted to genome-wide deep sequencing for subconsensus variant detection. After treatment with serum from birds vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine at a titer of 10(-1), an F307I variant was detected in the spike glycoprotein that mapped to an important neutralizing region, which indicated an escape mutant derived from natural selection. Further variants were detected in nonstructural proteins and non-coding regions that are not targets of neutralizing antibodies and might be indicators of genetic drift. These results indicate that the evolution of AvCoV escape mutants after vaccination depends on the type of vaccine strain and the antibody titer and must be assessed based on quasispecies rather than consensus dominant sequences only because quasispecies may be otherwise undetected.
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| 44. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-
(author)
-
Epistemisk pendling mellan del och helhet i historieundervisning : Återskapa, orientera, problematisera och erfara som didaktiska funktioner i lärares förståelse av skolämnet historia
- 2023
-
In: Acta Didactica Norden. - 2535-8219. ; 17:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I den här artikeln undersöks hur en epistemisk pendling mellan del och helhet kan bidra till olika didaktiska funktioner i historieundervisning. Syftet i föreliggande artikel riktas mot att i lärares förståelse av historieundervisning undersöka hur olika urval av kunskapsinnehåll kan bidra till olika didaktiska funktioner. Två empiriskt inriktade forskningsfrågor ställs: (1) Vilka olika relationer mellan del och helhet kan identifieras i lärares förståelse av ett undervisningsinnehåll i ämnet historia? (2) Baserat på resultaten, hur kan olika avvägningar mellan del och helhet, som identifierats i lärares förståelse av historieundervisning, observeras med avseende på olika didaktiska funktioner? Metoden som har använts är semistrukturerade intervjuer med historielärare i årskurs 7–9. Resultaten visar på en pendling i lärarnas förståelse mellan del och helhet i kunskapsinnehållet, men också mellan att utgå från ett mer avgränsat kunskapsinnehåll och elevernas egna frågor när de formulerar ett kunskapsinnehåll för historiekurserna i skolan. I dessa epistemiska pendlingar har fyra didaktiska funktioner identifierats: Återskapa, Orientera, Problematisera och Erfara. Resultaten bidrar således till en diskussion om vilka situerade avvägningar som kan göras av historieämnet, dess innehåll och syfte i förhållande till undervisningen.
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| 45. |
- Berg, Mikael
(author)
-
Extinction and emergence of genomic haplotypes during the evolution of Avian coronavirus in chicken embryos
- 2020
-
In: Genetics and Molecular Biology. - 1415-4757. ; 43
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) is ubiquitously present on poultry as a multitude of virus lineages. Studies on AvCoV phenotypic traits are dependent on the isolation of field strains in chicken embryonated eggs, but the mutant spectrum on each isolate is not considered. This manuscript reports the previously unknown HTS (high throughput sequencing)-based complete genome haplotyping of AvCoV isolates after passages of two field strains in chicken embryonated eggs. For the first and third passages of strain 23/2013, virus loads were 6.699 log copies/mu L and 6 log copies/mu L and, for 38/2013, 5.699 log copies/mu L and 2.699 log copies/mu L of reaction, respectively. The first passage of strain 23/2013 contained no variant haplotype, while, for the third passage, five putative variant haplotypes were found, with > 99.9% full genome identity with each other and with the dominant genome. Regarding strain 38/2013, five variant haplotypes were found for the first passage, with > 99.9% full genome identity with each other and with the dominant genome, and a single variant haplotype was found. Extinction and emergence of haplotypes with polymorphisms in genes involved in receptor binding and regulation of RNA synthesis were observed, suggesting that phenotypic traits of AvCoV isolates are a result of their mutant spectrum.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Fyra arbetssätt för ökad nyansering
- 2024
-
In: Att undervisa om kontroversiella frågor. - : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151110844 ; , s. 113-127
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kapitel 9, Fyra arbetssätt för ökad nyansering, presenterar och diskuterarhur lärare kan välja att möta elever när de uttrycker ensidigt formulerade ståndpunkter. Baserat på gruppsamtal med lärare ochelever visar kapitlet hur lärare kan använda skiftande urval av kunskapför att bidra till nyansering av den aktuella frågan. Beroende på denkonkreta situationen kan läraren behöva pendla mellan utmanande,engagerande, kompletterande och enande aspekter av kunskapsinnehållet,vilket fyller olika didaktiska funktioner som att störa, involvera,överbrygga och bredda.
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| 48. |
- Berg, Mikael
(author)
-
Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan: a countrywide perspective
- 2013
-
In: Virology Journal. - 1743-422X. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conclusions: Taken together, data indicated the prevalence of multiple lineages of NDV in different poultry population including wild captive birds. Such understanding is crucial to underpin the nature of circulating strains of NDV, their potential for interspecies transmission and disease diagnosis and control strategies.
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| 49. |
- Berg, Mikael
(author)
-
Genome constellations of rotavirus a isolated from avian species in Brazil, 2008-2015
- 2020
-
In: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1517-8382 .- 1678-4405. ; 51, s. 1363-1375
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae and are a common cause of acute diarrhea in many mammalian and avian species. They are non-enveloped icosahedral particles and their genome comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which encodes six structural proteins (VP1-4, VP6-7) and six nonstructural proteins (NSP1-6). Genotypes are defined based upon the diversity found in these genes and viral characterization plays a central role on epidemiological studies and prevention. Here we investigate the distribution of Brazilian RVAs genotypes in 8 chicken samples collected between 2008 and 2015 from different regions by RT-PCR, partial (Sanger) nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis from all rotavirus genes. Although the identified genotypes were typical from avian host species, when analyzed together, they form novel genetic constellations: G19-P[31]-I11-R6-C6-M7-A16-N6-T8-E10-H8 and G19-P[31]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A16-N4-T4-E4-H4. This study highlights that avian rotaviruses are widespread among commercial farms in Brazil, and the co-circulation of at least two different genomic constellations indicates that may present a way bigger genetic variability, that can be increased by the possible transmission events from other birds, lack of specific preventive measures, as well as the different viral evolution mechanisms.
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| 50. |
- Berg, Mikael, Universitetslektor, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Graderande granskning och förklarade glapp : Svensk historie- och samhällskunskapsdidaktisk forskning om lärares bedömningspraktik 2009–2019
- 2020
-
In: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; :1, s. 18-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the Swedish research field concerning assessment in schools, especially with focus on the school subject’s history and social science. The aim of this article is therefore to explore what perspectives that have being used by researchers in the Swedish field of history and social science subject didactic, when investigating teacher’s assessment practice. The method used in the article is a text analysis of 13 Swedish thesis and articles that deal with teacher’s assessment practice within the Swedish field of history and social science subject didactics between 2009 and 2019. The result shows that there an overwhelming part of the studies deals with examine teacher’s assessment practice. Another dominant trend is to explain the variations in teacher’s assessment practice. Overall the result shows that there is a lack of studies which begin with teachers subject specific experiences and also a lack of studies with a policy critical approach. To try to capture the complexity in assessment we therefore argue in the light of the result that there is a need of both a theoretical and cumulative broadening of the Swedish research field concerning teacher’s assessment with focus on the school subject’s history and social science.
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