| 1. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985
(author)
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Affective Surface Engineering for Product Design
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Design research, sensation and perception, hard metrology, emotional functions, semantics, surface roughness, product interaction, core values, total appearance… the list of scientific phrases never ends. Yet, what do they mean and how shall we use it when we are communicating with the industry and our end users? Is it possible to link the product experience to process parameters, put a number onto it? When you can measure spoken needs or even better, implied needs, of a product, and relate that data to the production, it is possible do create advanced products with high interaction stimuli. By joining engineering sciences (hard metrology) with design science (soft metrology) correlations between customer’s product experience (emotional functions) and surface properties (technical functions) can be established.The research briefly handles an optimization process where the framework from Kansei Engineering (KE) is used to evaluate the semantics issues primarily regarding materials and functional surfaces of products. The basic idea is that; the stakeholder’s experience shall be observed already at the phase of ideation in the product development process, which then facilitates the project (in regard to the total appearance) later on when a concept reaches the production stage. The results presented in this thesis are carried out through a number of case studies together with the industry. The main result and aim of the research is a developed robust approach that links emotional functions with technical functions, which in the next step facilitates the improvement of the total appearance of a product. Nevertheless, it should be recognized that research is not yet complete. It is an iterative process, which confirms that the loop of the method needs to be complete. The developed method is a toolbox with the fundamental tools and workshops to facilitate the correlation process mentioned above, however the packaging of the final step in the method is not yet complete. The future research outlook will focus on the “independent industry implementation” where the method is used by the industry by guidelines only, thus without researchers support.
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Graft copolymer electrolytes for high temperature Li-battery applications, using poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide)
- 2015
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In: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 175, s. 96-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For successful hybridization of heavy vehicles, high temperature batteries might be the solution. Here, high temperature solid polymer electrolytes (SPE's) based on different ratios of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), with LiTFSI salt (at a fixed ether oxygen (EO):Li ratio of 20:1) have been prepared and investigated. The copolymers comprise PMMA backbones with grafted PEGMA side-chains containing 9 EO units. The SPE systems were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and electrochemical cycling in prototype cells, with a particular focus on the 83 wt% PEGMA system. The electrolytes have good thermal stabilities and dissociate the LiTFSI salt easily, while at the same time maintaining low glass transition temperatures (Tg's). Depending on the polymeric structure, ionic conductivities >1 mS cm-1 at 110 °C are detected, thus providing ion transport properties for a broad range of electrochemical applications. Prototype Li|polymer electrolyte|LiFePO4 cells utilizing the SPE at 60 °C showed surprisingly low capacities (
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Material & Surface design methodology-the user study framework
- 2020
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In: Surface Topography-Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2051-672X. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A material and surface selection within the car industry is usually based on a comprehensive study based on sensation and perception, focusing on particular perceived qualities and impressions (emotional functions) through visual and tactile interaction of plastic surfaces. On top of that 'emotional function', the 'technical function' such as surface roughness or gloss for a certain matter in symbiosis, will result in a number of material and surface proposals. The range of materials fitting into the window of these requirements varies depending on the industry's ability to hit the target specified in regard to the 'emotional functions', usually defined by the designer's intention. Thus, to be able to get a deeper understanding of how to frame the 'emotional functions' and link them to the 'technical functions', two user studies were made in this paper. The user studies were made with two different designs however with the same main research target to be able to understand the varieties of these two. The aim of doing so was to be able to find the user study design that was the most time efficient and providing the most significant data linked to the 'technical functions' and process control/traceability. However also finding the user study design with the least strains for the participating users in regard to uninterrupted brain activity. By designing the user study in relevant subsets in a certain sequence, user study design nr 2 has proven to be more time efficient and provide more data regarding the soft metrology. Future work will focus on deeper knowledge about how these surfaces different material- and surface properties correlate to the participants responses regarding perceived quality of a car interior design. The development of a new non-contact measurement is also discussed, enabling the possibility to complement and improve the hard metrology set up.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Surface appearance and impression
- 2012
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research. - Tainan : Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University. - 9789860324884
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Surface design methodology : challenge the steel
- 2013
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In: Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces, 2013. - Bristol, UK : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). ; 483:1, s. Art. no. 012013-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The way a product or material is experienced by its user could be different depending on the scenario. It is also well known that different materials and surfaces are used for different purposes. When optimizing materials and surface roughness for a certain something with the intention to improve a product, it is important to obtain not only the physical requirements, but also the user experience and expectations. Laws and requirements of the materials and the surface function, but also the conservative way of thinking about materials and colours characterize the design of medical equipment. The purpose of this paper is to link the technical- and customer requirements of current materials and surface textures in medical environments. By focusing on parts of the theory of Kansei Engineering, improvements of the companys' products are possible. The idea is to find correlations between desired experience or «feeling» for a product, -customer requirements, functional requirements, and product geometrical properties -design parameters, to be implemented on new improved products. To be able to find new materials with the same (or better) technical requirements but a higher level of user stimulation, the current material (stainless steel) and its surface (brushed textures) was used as a reference. The usage of focus groups of experts at the manufacturer lead to a selection of twelve possible new materials for investigation in the project. In collaboration with the topical company for this project, three new materials that fulfil the requirements -easy to clean and anti-bacterial came to be in focus for further investigation in regard to a new design of a washer-disinfector for medical equipment using the Kansei based Clean ability approach CAA. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Brown, P., et al.
(author)
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Meeting the Magnetic Emc Challenges for the In-Situ Field Measurements on the Juice Mission
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of 2019 ESA Workshop on Aerospace EMC (Aerospace EMC). - : IEEE. - 9789082684780
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission features instrument designs tailored to meet the specific challenges of the respective measuring environment, including EMC constraints. We describe the magnetic field science requirements for this mission and show how they drive the EMC requirements on the spacecraft and selected in-situ instrument configurations. We describe the results of two mutual interference campaigns and discuss the design mitigations employed in order to realise in-situ magnetic and electric field data in-flight with the accuracy required to meet very challenging mission science goals.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Affective surface engineering- using soft and hard metrology to measure the Sensation and perception in surface properties
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of NordDesign. - Linköping : The Design Society. - 9789176851852
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New surface treatments, novel material developments, and improved quality control procedures and advanced metrology instrumentation create a possibility to further develop competitiveness by the selection of “optimal” surface features”, to a product. The customers first apprehension of a product and the creation of desire is a very complex, but tempting process to learn more about. The interaction between the added quantitative- and the qualitative direct impressions with the customers known and unknown functional demands, social background, and expectations results in sensation and perception, partly possible to quantify and to great extent impossible to pin-down as numbers. Customer sensation and perception are much about psychological factors. There has been a strong industrial- and academic need and interest for methods and tools to quantify and linking product properties to the human response but a lack of studies of the impact of surfaces. This paper aims to introduce a novel approach to develop and join a human sensoric inspired metrology frame-work with qualitative gradings of apprehended impressions of products with varying surface properties. The aim is to establish the metrology framework to link measurable- and unmeasurable impressions of product surfaces to customer FEELING as exemplified by a set of industrial applications. In conclusions of the study, future research in Soft metrology is proposed to allow understanding and modelling of product perception and sensations in combination with a development of the Kansei Surface Engineering methodology and software tools. © Proceedings of NordDesign: Design in the Era of Digitalization, NordDesign 2018. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Rebeggiani, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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On communicating extruded aluminium surface quality along the supply chain : a customer approach to sustainable surfaces
- 2023
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In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2051-672X. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, far too many products are scrapped due to surface related issues, products with perfect function but with minor surface blemishes. The complaints are often offset by goodwill commitments from suppliers at great cost to them and delivery delays and lead time costs for customers. The reason is that the industry relies on several non-standardized classification systems for surface quality that are based on various combinations of and designations for surface defects, assessed by visual inspections at a defined distance to determine the severity of any detected surface deviations. These similar classification systems provide far too much scope for subjective and non-repeatable assessments causing communication problems between customer and producer at all stages in the supply chain. To challenge this situation, a common toolbox to communicate, describe and define surface quality should be developed, i.e. a standardisation of surface quality assessment including various effects and defects with a jointly established nomenclature and evaluation parameters. This work presents the first step of a research project bringing together 11 suppliers and OEMs along the supply chain, from the delivery of raw aluminium to finished alumina profiles included in consumer products. The final goal of the project is to develop an ‘objective classification of visual requirements’ on alumina profiles towards increased sustainability and decreased material wastage. Presented result is a common terminology with links to the process chain, surface defect geometry and visual appearance aiming at making the communication between producers and buyers of the aluminium profiles clearer and more unambiguous when it comes to specification and requirements of profile surfaces in each of the supply-chain links. Future work will add measurable parameters specifying surface quality.
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| 9. |
- Rebeggiani, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Towards an Objective Classification of Extruded Aluminum Surfaces-A Literature Review and Case Study
- 2022
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In: SPS2022: Proceedings of the 10th Swedish production symposium. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 51-62
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large costs and lead-time losses are created by returned aluminum products - to a great extent unnecessarily. Much of the metal product complaints are due to visual surface defects. Today, the aluminum industry relies on several non-standardized classification systems for surface quality assessments which provides far too much scope for subjective and non-repeatable surface estimations. To challenge this situation, a common toolbox to describe and define surface quality in a more objective way needs to be developed. A first step towards such standardization is to speak the same language, thus this study is based on a state-of-the-art survey covering terminology and descriptions of surface defects in literature, and a round-robin assessment collecting terms used by employees at seven companies within the aluminum industry. The literature study showed that most attempts to catalog and categorized various types of defects on commercial aluminum extrusions are based on the origin of defects and how to prevent and/or reduce them, thus the vocabulary is production-oriented and most terms are not useful from the customers' nor the designers' point of view when coming to describe desired surface effect, i.e. perceived surface quality. The round-robin assessment confirmed the large variation of terminology used, and that defects were judged differently also within the same company due to experience and field of work. A common vocabulary is suggested to be based on the relationships between used expressions; from general terms at stages linked to consumers, designers and sale, tracing towards more technical terms the closer the stage where the origin of the defect can be found. This structure, in combination with e.g. manufacturing cost, is expected to guide customers towards more sustainable surface quality choices that, together with more consistent surface assessments along the production chain, is expected to strongly reduce unnecessary scrapping.
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| 10. |
- Rosen, Bengt-Göran, et al.
(author)
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Kansei, surfaces and perception engineering
- 2016
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In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2051-672X. ; 4:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aesthetic and pleasing properties of a product are important and add significantly to the meaning and relevance of a product. Customer sensation and perception are largely about psychological factors. There has been a strong industrial and academic need and interest for methods and tools to quantify and link product properties to the human response but a lack of studies of the impact o fsurfaces.In this study, affective surface engineering is used to illustrate and model the link between customer expectations and perception to controllable product surface properties. The results highlight the use of the soft metrology concept for linking physical and human factors contributing to the perception of products. Examples of surface applications of the Kansei methodology are presented from sauna bath, health care, architectural and hygiene tissue application areas to illustrate, discuss and confirm the strength of the methodology. In the conclusions of the study, future research in soft metrology is proposed to allow understanding and modelling of product perception and sensations in combination with a development of the Kansei surface engineering methodology and software tools.
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| 11. |
- Sun, Bing, et al.
(author)
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Ion transport in polycarbonate based solid polymer electrolytes : experimental and computational investigations
- 2016
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:14, s. 9504-9513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among the alternative host materials for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), polycarbonates have recently shown promising functionality in all-solid-state lithium batteries from ambient to elevated temperatures. While the computational and experimental investigations of ion conduction in conventional polyethers have been extensive, the ion transport in polycarbonates has been much less studied. The present work investigates the ionic transport behavior in SPEs based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and its co-polymer with epsilon-caprolactone (CL) via both experimental and computational approaches. FTIR spectra indicated a preferential local coordination between Li+ and ester carbonyl oxygen atoms in the P(TMC20CL80) co-polymer SPE. Diffusion NMR revealed that the co-polymer SPE also displays higher ion mobilities than PTMC. For both systems, locally oriented polymer domains, a few hundred nanometers in size and with limited connections between them, were inferred from the NMR spin relaxation and diffusion data. Potentiostatic polarization experiments revealed notably higher cationic transference numbers in the polycarbonate based SPEs as compared to conventional polyether based SPEs. In addition, MD simulations provided atomic-scale insight into the structure-dynamics properties, including confirmation of a preferential Li+-carbonyl oxygen atom coordination, with a preference in coordination to the ester based monomers. A coupling of the Li-ion dynamics to the polymer chain dynamics was indicated by both simulations and experiments.
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| 12. |
- Thorstenson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Tumour characteristics and surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma in Sweden 2005-2010 : a population-based study from the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian journal of urology. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 48:3, s. 231-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Tumour characteristics, preoperative work-up and surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) between 2005 and 2010, and changes over time were studied in a national population-based cohort. Material and methods. The National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register (NSKCR) contains information on histopathology, Fuhrman grade and clinical stage at presentation, and on the preoperative work-up and surgical treatment of patients with RCC. Between 2005 and 2010, 5553 RCC patients were registered in the NSKCR, 99% of those registered in the National Cancer Registry. Results. During the study period the mean tumour size decreased from 70 to 64 mm (p = 0.024) and the frequency of metastatic RCC decreased from 22% to 15% (p < 0.001). The use of preoperative chest computed tomography increased from 59% to 84%. In total, 4229 (76%) patients were treated with curative intent, 3453 (82%) underwent radical nephrectomy, 606 (14%) partial nephrectomy (PN) and 170 (4%) cryotherapy or radiofrequency ablation. In tumours up to 4 cm, PN was performed in 33% of the surgically treated patients. PN irrespective of size increased from 8% to 20% and laparoscopic nephrectomy increased from 6% to 17% during the period. In patients with metastatic RCC, 55% underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. Conclusions. The NSKCR explores population-based data on the clinical handling of patients with RCC. This study, between 2005 and 2010, shows significant decrease in tumour size and metastatic RCC at presentation, a more complete preoperative work-up, and significantly increased use of PN and laparoscopic nephrectomy in Sweden.
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