| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(author)
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Exhaustion and Impaired Work Performance in the Workplace : Associations With Presenteeism and Absenteeism
- 2019
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 61:11, s. 438-444
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.Methods: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.Results: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.Conclusions: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.
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| 3. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(author)
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Investigating the association between publication performance and the work environment of university research academics : a systematic review
- 2021
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In: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 126:4, s. 3283-3301
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this review was to investigate the association between publication performance and the organizational and psychosocial work environment of academics in a university setting. In 2018 we conducted database searches in Web of Science, Medline and other key journals (hand-searched) from 1990 to 2017 based on population, exposure and outcome framework. We examined reference lists, and after a title and abstract scan and full-text reading we identified studies that were original research and fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias using a quality assessment form. From the studies (n = 32) identified and synthesized, work-environment characteristics could explain the quality and quantity aspects of publication performance of academics. Management practices, leadership and psychosocial characteristics are influential factors that affect academics’ publication productivity. Most of the reviewed studies were judged to be of moderate quality because of issues of bias, related to the measuring of publication outcome. The findings in the studies reviewed suggest that highly productive research academics and departments significantly tend to be influenced by the organizational and psychosocial characteristics of their working environment. The practical relevance of this review is that it highlights where academics’ performance needs support and how the work environment can be improved to bolster publication productivity.
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| 4. |
- Arapovic-Johansson, Bozana, et al.
(author)
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Participatory work place intervention for stress prevention in primary health care. A randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1359-432X .- 1464-0643. ; 27:2, s. 219-234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore whether a participatory, organizational intervention can reduce work-related risk factors, and thereby prevent stress-related ill health. We build on the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models of stress. It is a two-armed randomized trial, with one primary health care unit receiving the intervention and a two-unit control group. Validated questionnaires for the assessment of psychosocial work environment and health were administered, at the baseline and at 6 and 12-month follow up. The primary outcome was job strain. Secondary outcomes were effort-reward imbalance, exhaustion, sleep, and recovery. Group-level objective data on workload and data about relevant processes during the study were continuously collected. The changes in the intervention group with regard to job strain, effort-reward imbalance, exhaustion, sleep and recovery were not statistically different from changes in the control group. For the non-exhausted employees though, reward was significantly higher at follow up compared to baseline, but only in the intervention group. An important piece of information is that the objective workload was statistically significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the study. Not all the components of the intervention were implemented as intended. Context and process information, such as objective data and implementation fidelity are necessary for a valid interpretation of the results.
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism
- 2021
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In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94:3, s. 409-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.Methods: The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence.Results: The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.Conclusion: The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.
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| 6. |
- B Jensen, Irene, et al.
(author)
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Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Improved Occupational Safety and Health at Workplaces in Sweden. Report on a Practice-Based Research Network Approach.
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the rapid growth in research and R&D expenditures, the translation of research into practice is limited. One approach to increase the translation and utilization of research is practice based research networks. With the aim of strengthening evidence-based practice (EBP) within occupational health services in Sweden (OH-Services), a practice-based research network (PBRN-OSH) was developed. The PBRN-OSH includes researchers and representatives from end-users. This paper reports on the development, outputs and lessons learned in the PBRN-OSH. The PBRN-OSH resulted in several practice-based research projects as well as different measures to ensure EBP in OSH such as the governmentally sanctioned national guidelines for the OH-services. Moreover, results show that the competence in EBP increased among practitioners at the OH-services. Conducting research in a PBRN is more resource demanding; however, this does not imply that it is less cost effective. To succeed in increasing the utility of research findings via PBRN, resources must be invested into an infrastructure that supports collaboration in the PBRN, including costs for a variety of means of dissemination. Further, translation activities need to be included in academic career paths and reward systems if a major improvement in the impact and return of investments from research is to be expected.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive workplace intervention and its outcome with regard to lifestyle, health and sick leave : the AHA study
- 2008
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 31:2, s. 167-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is a prospective multicentre cohort study entitled Work and Health in the Processing and Engineering Industries, the AHA Study (AHA is the Swedish abbreviation for the study). Four large workplaces in Sweden participated during the years from 2000 to 2003. The present report has two objectives: (1) to present a comprehensive occupational health intervention programme and (2) to evaluate this programme with a focus on lifestyle (smoking and exercise), health related quality of life (HRQoL) and sick leave. Interventions were provided on an individual and group level, including evidence-based methods for four health/focus areas (individual level) and a group intervention based on a survey-feedback methodology. The analyses in this report were exclusively employed at an organizational level. The proportion of smokers decreased at three companies and the course of the HRQoL was advantageous at two of the companies as compared to a gainfully employed reference group. A significant decrease in sick leave was revealed at one company, whereas a break in an ascending sick-leave trend appeared at a second company as compared to their respective corporate groups. This comprehensive workplace intervention programme appears to have had positive effects on smoking habits, HRQoL and sick leave.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(author)
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A Resourceful Work Environment Moderates the Relationship between Presenteeism and Health : A Study Using Repeated Measures in the Swedish Working Population
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate if the psychosocial work environment moderates the proposed negative impact of presenteeism on future general health. We expect that the negative impact of presenteeism on general health is weaker if the psychosocial work environment is resourceful, and more pronounced if the environment is stressful. Data were derived from the 2008-2018 biennial waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). The final analytic sample consisted ofn= 15,779 individuals. We applied repeated measures regression analyses through generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results from the autoregressive GEE models showed statistically significant interaction terms between presenteeism and all four investigated moderators, i.e., job demands, job control, job support and job strain. The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment moderates the negative association between presenteeism and general health and illustrates a buffering effect of the psychosocial work environment. A possible explanation for these results may be that psychosocially resourceful work environments give room for adjustments in the work situation and facilitate recovery. The results also indicate that by investing the psychosocial work environment employers may be able to promote worker health as well as prevent reduced job performance due to presenteeism.
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| 9. |
- Björklund, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Gender-based harassment among university students in Sweden during Covid-19
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This presentation analyses gender-based harassment in terms of bullying and sexual harassment among university students within the academy sector in Sweden. Bullying and harassment are severe risk factors in the psychosocial work environment, affecting both performance and health. This study is part of a collaboration program between four universities in Sweden with the aim to create research-based knowledge for the prevention of gender-based harassment (GBH) in Swedish academia.This study was conducted during Covid-19. Preliminary results show that GBH is more prevalent among university students than among staff. In total, 4.8 percent of university students in Sweden state that they have been subjected to sexual harassment (SH) at the university during the last 12 months. Among women, a larger proportion state that they have been exposed (5.7 %), compared to men (3.2 %). A pilot study prior to the larger prevalence study was conducted in the fall of 2020, an early stage of Covid-19. In the pilot study, 7 percent of university students (women 9.1%; men 3.1%) stated that they had been subjected to SH during the last 12 months. Consequently, results show a decrease in SH, especially among women. Furthermore, in the large-scale prevalence study one question asked respondents if Covid-19 had increased or decreased their vulnerability. Results show that about 11 percent of the women reported that exposure had decreased during Covid-19.Regarding methodological considerations, a previous review study shows that students exposed to SH seldom file official reports but they frequently face a variety of mental and physical health consequences. Also, how questions about sexual harassment are stated most likely affects response rates among university students. To work for a sustainable and inclusive working life free from gender-based harassment, we need to continue to monitor the development over time in the academia in Sweden.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Björklund, Christina
(author)
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Work motivation : studies of its determinants and outcomes
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Work motivation has most often been defined operationally as job satisfaction, but this dimension has shown to be unrelated to job performance. Therefore, a new measure of work motivation defined as willingness to work was developed. Two main questions were investigated in this thesis. Three work groups were included in the studies. The first purpose was to explore willingness to work and related variables for two groups, people employed in pre-schools (Study1) and employees of an insurance company (Study 2). The variance in willingness to work was explained to 59% for the pre-school employees, and to 69% for the employees in an insurance company. Work interest, affective organizational commitment, perceived competence and risk burden were predictors of willingness to work in both of the groups. Other factors related to willingness to work in this study were, for the employees in pre-schools, positive evaluation of the job, normative organizational commitment, general intrinsic motivation and accepted risks. Additional factors that contributed to the explanation of the variance in willingness to work for the employees in an insurance company were job satisfaction, spontaneous creativity, work environment and opinions about one’s job. A second purpose was to investigate the construct validity of willingness to work dimension by examining its relationships with absenteeism, number of hours worked, intention to quit, and job performance. In Study 1 and Study 2, the relationship between absenteeism, number of hours worked, intention to quit and willingness to work was examined. The result showed that willingness to work was strongly related to intention to quit and number of hours worked in both of the studies. The relationship between willingness to work and job performance (subjective and objective) was also investigated. Participants in this study were insurance sales people. The correlation of willingness to work and objective as well as subjective job performance was quite high (r=.41 and .57, respectively). According to the results, the work motivation measure could be considered as being a quite valid assessment of work motivation.
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| 12. |
- Björklund, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Workplace Bullying as Experienced by Managers and How They Cope : A Qualitative Study of Swedish Managers
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The aim of the study was to describe factors that contribute to the occurrence of workplace bullying, that enable it to continue and the coping strategies managers use when they are bullied. Methods: A qualitative study design was applied. Twenty-two managers from the private and public sectors were interviewed. Data were analyzed by means of content analysis. Results: Several factors could be linked to the bullying: being new in the managerial position; lack of clarity about roles and expectations; taking over a work group with ongoing conflicts; reorganizations. The bullying usually lasted for quite some time. Factors that allowed the bullying to continue were passive bystanders and the bullies receiving support from higher management. The managers in this study adopted a variety of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. However, in the end most chose to leave the organization. Only four remained in their managerial position at the time of the interview. Conclusions: The study concludes that bullying can occur in all types of organization. To prevent it we need to look primarily at organizational factors. Social support is also crucial for managers' ability to cope successfully with bullying.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Björklund, Gunilla, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Samspel i trafiken : formella och informella regler bland cyklister
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kunskapen om cyklisters beteende i förhållande till trafikregler men också vad som styr samspelet med andra trafikanter är bristfällig och behöver därför förbättras. Syftet med detta projekt var därför att kartlägga och studera samband och underliggande faktorer gällande regelkunskap, regelefterlevnad och informella regler bland cyklister. Deltagarna i studien var 612 personer mellan 18 och 74 år från Göteborg, Linköping och Stockholm och rekryterades genom en webbpanel. Personerna fick svara på en enkät där de tillfrågades om bakgrund, syn på sig själva som cyklister, egen regelefterlevnad, syn på andras regelefterlevnad, kunskap om regler och om faktorer som påverkar intentionen att bryta mot regler i trafiken.Resultaten från studien visade att deltagarnas regelkunskap var relativt god, i varje fall när det gäller beteenden som är förbjudna. De deltagare som trodde att ett visst beteende var förbjudet svarade även att de utförde detta i mindre utsträckning. Cyklister som uppgett att de vill komma fram så fort som möjligt tenderade att välja flexiblare färdvägar (till exempel cyklade på övergångsställe, trottoar/gångbana och bilväg), oavsett om det var tillåtet eller inte, och uppgav i större utsträckning att det var vanligt att de lät bli att stanna vid rödljus och stopplikt än vad de långsammare cyklisterna gjorde. Cykelöverfarter och andra korsningspunkter, övergångsställen, trottoarer och cirkulationsplatser togs upp som exempel på platser/situationer där reglerna ansågs vara oklara. Upplevd kontroll och attityd påverkade intentionen att agera ovarsamt i tre hypotetiska scenarier som beskrev hur andra trafikanter fick väja eller bromsa för att undvika att kollidera med cyklisten. Detta innebär att de som hade för avsikt att bete sig på det angivna sättet ansåg att det var lätt och tämligen ofarligt, men också att det var både rätt och bra. Den viktigaste faktorn var dock om man utfört beteendet tidigare eller ej vilket i sin tur kan ha förstärkt denna uppfattning om inget allvarligt inträffat.
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| 15. |
- Björklund, Johanna, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Assessing ecosystem services in perennial intercropping systems : participatory action research in Swedish modern agrofores
- 2014
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In: Farming systems facing global challenges. - : IFSA Europe, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ; , s. 112-113, s. 1950-1959
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The focus of this paper is on how to assess ecosystem services in complex agroforestry systems using a case of edible forest gardens. Benefits of doing these assessments in a participatory learning and action research (PLAR) context are elaborated, as well as difficulties and questions that this has raised. The PLAR group comprised farmers on 13 smallholdings, researchers and a facilitator, which through collaboration and participatory methods have developed a general design of a forest garden, 60 m2 in size and established it on all 13 participating farms. Important values of the work are that ecosystem services are related to specific local contexts and that methodology for multi-criteria assessments of the generation of ecosystem services on a farm scale are being developed. Farmers engaged in formulating research questions, development of field trial designs, sampling and analysis of results improves the relevance and quality of the research as well as advance the adoption of new knowledge.
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| 16. |
- Björklund, Johanna, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the potential of edible forest gardens : experiences from a participatory action research project in Sweden
- 2019
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In: Agroforestry Systems. - : Springer. - 0167-4366 .- 1572-9680. ; 93:3, s. 1107-1118
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To meet the environmental challenges that are presently confronting society, the narrow focus on agricultural production needs to be altered to one that places equal value on the generation of crucial ecosystem services. Current research shows that perennial intercropping systems such as agroforestry may be a feasible alternative. Based on studies during the establishment of edible forest gardens in 12 participating farms in Sweden, this paper explores the potential of utilizing multi-strata designs for food production in temperate, highincome countries. Design and species composition of such gardens, types of food they provide, and how they would best fit into the present landscape are discussed. Factors for success and major problems related to the establishment are shared. Potential benefits were found to be closely related to a thorough analysis of the social and ecological contexts before establishment. Characteristics of the site and goals of the garden need to guide species and design choices. If forest garden approaches to food production should contribute to more than local selfsufficiency, the gardens need to increase in scale. Marginal lands and transitions areas between different land uses may be appropriate. Large knowledge gaps concerning potential production, social and economic benefits, and agronomic issues were identified.
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| 17. |
- Björklund Larsen, Lotta, 1960-
(author)
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Illegal yet Licit : Justifying Informal Purchases of Work in Contemporary Sweden
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Svart arbete, informal purchases of work, is a widely debated societal phenomenon in Sweden. It is often seen as detrimental to contemporary welfare society, eroding taxpaying morals, fair competition and solidarity with fellow citizens. Acknowledged as wrong, it is in many instances also an acceptable and commonplace exchange practice. This study addresses this incongruity and aims to show how these inconspicuous exchanges of work are distinguished in terms of legality and licitness.Methodologically, the study is based on ethnographic interviews with a group of people in all walks of life, who have their roots in a small town in southern Sweden. In the midst of life and work, they address situations where living in accordance with moral standards becomes difficult. The study aims to illuminate multifaceted reasonings about the illegal but licit purchases made and how people make sense and meaning of them in retrospect and in the larger context of societal economy. The ways in which these purchases of svart arbete are justified illustrate inherent tensions in contemporary welfare society.Purchases of svart arbete are often justified as rational economic decisions in terms of being cheap and simple. The study shows that purchasing work informally is not only a rational economic decision, but can also be the result of resolving necessities in daily life due to societal bottlenecks and/or probing tax legislation. As an economic phenomenon, these purchases are therefore not seen as set apart from the formal structures of the Swedish economy, but as co-existing with them. Justifying the illegal but licit svart arbete, purchasers are seen to emphasise a reciprocal relationship with the provider of the work and also with the state. In this way, a sense of balance and justice is achieved.
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| 18. |
- Björklund, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Västerås slott : Slott och borgar
- 2000
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- En majoritet av dagens byggnadsuppgifter gäller att hantera det redan byggda. När vi står inför situationen att restaurera en befintlig byggnad är det viktigt att förstå olika tidsperioders stilideal liksom byggnadsteknik och material. Först då kan vi göra en väl avvägd analys, som tar tillvara och utvecklar de kvaliteter som byggnaderna själva besitter. Därför är utbildningen upplagd som ett växelspel mellan föreläsningar, seminarier, exkursioner och en för året vald studieuppgift.Slott och borgar har varit läsårets tema. Vi har valt att arbeta med Västerås och Örebro slott - två ganska bortglömda Vasaslott som är väl värda att lyfta fram. Särskilt har vi studerat de senaste 300 årens förändringar, som inte tidigare ägnats lika stora forskarmöda som medelitden och Vasatiden. I dessa två exempel finns en provkarta på estetiska, praktiska och tekniska ingrepp från Carl Hårlemans tid och fram till idag.Studierna har således omfattat både gestaltning, funktion och byggnadsteknik. Avsikten är att visa på kvaliteter i de omvandlingar och restaureringar som skett, men också att peka på problem och analysera olika möjligheter inför framtiden. Arbetet har skett i samarbete med Statens fastighetsverk och är tänkt att utgöra ett underlag till vårdprogram och framtida restaureringsinsatser.
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| 19. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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A realist review of art therapy for clients with depression
- 2013
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 40:3, s. 322-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depression is a serious disease affecting an individual's entire life-situation, which can lead to great suffering and a reduced level of activity in everyday life. The aim of this study is to explore and describe how art therapy works regarding therapeutic factors, application, and circumstances for clients with depression. A systematic literature search of relevant databases was carried out to find articles concerning art therapy for depression, meeting criteria for reproducibility. This yielded 16 articles published in seven journals. The art therapy methods employed in each selected study were then examined and compared in order to understand the healing mechanism or mechanisms. These healing mechanisms are here termed “therapeutic factors”. The analysis resulted in eight therapeutic factors; self-exploration, self-expression, communication, understanding and explanation, integration, symbolic thinking, creativity, and sensory stimulation. No general conclusions could be drawn regarding circumstances, but the results indicate that art therapy can be performed successfully in a wide variety of clinical situations. The results were discussed in relation to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for depression.
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| 20. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Art therapy for patients with depression: expert opinions on its main aspects for clinical practice
- 2016
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In: Journal of Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 25:6, s. 527-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Art therapy is based mainly on clinical experience and is rarely described and evaluated scientifically. There is a need for further exploration of its use in patients with depression. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore what experts consider to be the main aspects of art therapy in clinical practice for patients with depression. Method: Eighteen occupational therapists experienced and educated in art therapy participated. The experts answered three rounds of Delphi questionnaires and ranked their agreement with 74 assertions. Consensus was defined as 70% or higher. Results: The experts agreed more on assertions about theoretical frames of reference than about clinical practice. The main aspects of art therapy were agreed to be the patients’ opportunity to express themselves verbally and through making art. It was equally important that art tasks provided an opportunity to address depressive thoughts, feelings, life experiences, and physical symptoms. Conclusions: Experts in the field of art therapy considered that the main aspect of clinical practice in art therapy for patients with depression is that art themes should promote expression related to both to depression and personal history.
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| 21. |
- Boström, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Health and work environment among female and male Swedish elementary school teachers - A cross-sectional study
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in teachers' work situation in Sweden since the 1990s may have contributed to an increase in common mental disorders (CMDs) and burnout. However, there is a lack of research in this field. The aim was to describe how Swedish elementary school teachers experience their health, organizational and social work environment, and the psychosocial safety climate at the workplace, and especially differences and similarities between female and male teachers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected with the COPSOQ, OLBI, UWES and PSC-12 from 478 elementary teachers, 81.0% of them women, from twenty schools. The response rate was 96.4%.RESULTS: Teachers reported relatively good general health but experienced high stress, high work pace and emotional demands, low influence at work and a poor psychosocial safety climate. These factors were especially prominent among female teachers. Both women and men experienced good development possibilities and high work engagement.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can help us to develop a more sustainable work environment for female and male teachers. A more sustainable work environment might attract more people to the profession and incentivize existing teachers to remain in the profession.
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| 22. |
- Börgeson, Emma, et al.
(author)
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AICAR ameliorates high-fat diet-associated pathophysiology in mouse and ex vivo models, independent of adiponectin.
- 2017
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 60:4, s. 729-739
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, for ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pathophysiology in mice. We also aimed to determine whether the beneficial effects of AICAR were dependent on adiponectin. Furthermore, human adipose tissue was used to examine the effect of AICAR ex vivo.Six-week-old male C57BL/6J wild-type and Adipoq (-/-) mice were fed a standard-fat diet (10% fat) or an HFD (60% fat) for 12weeks and given vehicle or AICAR (500μg/g) three times/week from weeks 4-12. Diet-induced pathophysiology was examined in mice after 11 weeks by IPGTT and after 12 weeks by flow cytometry and western blotting. Human adipose tissue biopsies from obese (BMI 35-50kg/m(2)) individuals were incubated with vehicle or AICAR (1mmol/l) for 6h at 37°C, after which inflammation was characterised by ELISA (TNF-α) and flow cytometry.AICAR attenuated adipose inflammation in mice fed an HFD, promoting an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch, while reducing infiltration of CD8(+) T cells. AICAR treatment of mice fed an HFD partially restored glucose tolerance and attenuated hepatic steatosis and kidney disease, as evidenced by reduced albuminuria (p<0.05), urinary H2O2 (p<0.05) and renal superoxide levels (p<0.01) in both wild-type and Adipoq (-/-) mice. AICAR-mediated protection occurred independently of adiponectin, as similar protection was observed in wild-type and Adipoq (-/-) mice. In addition, AICAR promoted an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch and reduced TNF-α production in tissue explants from obese human patients.AICAR may promote metabolic health and protect against obesity-induced systemic diseases in an adiponectin-independent manner. Furthermore, AICAR reduced inflammation in human adipose tissue explants, suggesting by proof-of-principle that the drug may reduce obesity-induced complications in humans.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02322073.
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| 23. |
- Casely-Hayford, Jeffrey, et al.
(author)
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Enculturating a Protective Professional Community - Processes of Teacher Retention in a Swedish Hard-to-Staff School
- 2024
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In: Education Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presented a positive deviant case: a Swedish hard-to-staff school which has had a low rate of teacher turnover over time. In line with the purpose of studying positive deviance in organisations, our exploratory inquiry was geared towards understanding how and why 'at-risk' teachers, i.e., teachers who teach in subjects which are known to have high levels of staffing difficulties in Sweden, stayed at this particular school. Using a modified grounded theory approach, our results suggested that teachers remained at the school due to being embedded in a protective professional community that was enculturated by different expressions of collegiality. Finally, these findings are discussed in relation to the theoretical concepts of teachers' job embeddedness and social capital.
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| 24. |
- Casely-Hayford, Jeffrey, et al.
(author)
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What makes teachers stay? : A cross-sectional exploration of the individual and contextual factors associated with teacher retention in Sweden.
- 2022
-
In: Teaching and Teacher Education. - : Elsevier. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 113
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This cross-sectional study aimed to identify individual and contextual factors associated with Swedish teachers' intention to remain in the profession. A sample of 5903 elementary-year teachers completed a questionnaire between 2004 and 2011 assessing their health and perception of individual and contextual factors at work. The findings showed that teachers' intention to remain in the profession is mainly explained by individual factors, predominantly by teachers' perceived health state, work motivation and collegial support. The main implication is the importance of teachers' perceived health state for their intention to remain, underscoring the importance of a health promoting work environment in schools. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Huge-Brodin, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Back from the Future : Report on Sustainable Logistics Systems 2020
- 2009
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In: Proceedings from the 14th Annual Logistics Research Network Conference. - Cardiff, Wales : Cardiff Business School. - 9781904564317 ; , s. 117-123
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeDue to the alarming reports on climate change probably caused by industrial and human activities, the awareness that “we need to do something” is growing in society. And there is not much time – in 2050 CO2-emissions need to be reduced by 80%, compared to the levels some decade ago. In this a huge challenge is to pinpoint where we want to arrive, and what an improved future forecast may look like. Gazing as far as to 2050 would be accurate, however taking such a large leap can be considered as such a large effort that it paralyses rather than encourages action. As there is a need to start acting immediately to be able to alter the development, we have chosen to, as a first step, take a look at what should and can be accomplished during a shorter period of time, and start by gazing towards 2020. The paper aims at the logistics- and transport domain.The purpose of the paper is to describe and discuss desirable scenarios regarding sustainable transport- and logistics systems by 2020.Research approachThe basis for this paper is a series of focused group meetings in a “Think-tank” setting, where actors representing shippers, logistics- and transport providers and authorities were gathered into group discussions. The task given to the participants was to discuss what goals they perceived as both necessary to reach, and realistic to have reached, by 2020. Scenarios were built based on notes from four researchers acting “flies-on the-wall” in the Think-tank.Findings and OriginalityThe findings of this paper are presented as a scenario, or a “report from the future”, of the situation for transport and logistics in 2020 when the development has become more sustainable. The data gathering and scenario building was initially focused on CO2-emissions, however an aspect that emerged as perhaps even more relevant was the more general discussion on resources and energy. The scenarios include innovations in product development and delivery, elaborations on the global centralisation trends, new views on delivery service aspects and collaborative initiatives.Research impactThe paper takes mainly a corporate approach to transport and logistics. It provides insight into what can be realistic goals in a close future, and which changes are needed to reach these goals. Practical impactThe paper can provide a basis for further discussions among practitioners on where to direct future actions.
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| 28. |
- Huge-Brodin, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Delimiting the Logistics System : A delicate Problem in Assessing the Environmental Impact from Transport
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings from the Annual NOFOMA conference. - Jönköping : JIBS. - 9789186345013 ; , s. 402-417
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose of this paper The purpose of the paper is to illustrate some of the difficulties associated with assessing the environmental performance of logistics systems. The paper focuses on the environmental effects of transports in the logistics system, and elaborates on the complexity of defining an adequate system. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper builds on theory and literature on systems in general, and specifically logistics systems, and the environmental assessment of them. In addition, mini-cases are used to illustrate the analysis. The cases are from different sectors. Primary data was collected through interviews and secondary data through official internet pages and internal documentation. Findings The result of the paper is a set of ”learning lessons” which aim at providing a deeper understanding of the system delimitation problem, specifically for the environmental assessment of logistics systems. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) The paper is conceptual, and provides mainly a basis for further research. The illustrations emanate from a limited number of sectors, although the system delimitation problem is of a general nature. What is original/value of paper The problem of defining system limits is often overlooked, why this paper provides support for a better understanding of the problems of delimitations of a system. The area of environmental assessment of logistics systems is still in its cradle, why this paper also contributes to that research field.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hultman, Karin, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Potentiating effect of endothelial cells on astrocytic plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene expression in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.
- 2010
-
In: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7544 .- 0306-4522. ; 166:2, s. 408-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is accumulating evidence of the importance of cellular communication between the cells that compose the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Astrocytes are known to affect the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in endothelial cells. We investigated the influence of endothelial cells on astrocytic gene expression of PAI-1, protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and t-PA using an in vitro model of the BBB. Primary rat astrocyte-enriched cultures were cocultured with primary adult rat brain microvascular endothelial cells on opposite sides of a transwell membrane. After coculturing for 9-11 days, the cultures were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 h or 24 h. The levels of PAI-1, PN-1 and t-PA mRNA in untreated and treated monocultures and cocultures were analyzed by Real-Time RT-PCR. Cocultivation of astrocytes and endothelial cells increased astrocytic PAI-1 mRNA expression, and this response was further amplified by LPS treatment. The levels of PN-1 and t-PA mRNA expression in astrocytes were unaffected by cocultivation and/or LPS treatment. Analysis of endothelial PAI-1 and t-PA gene expression revealed increased PAI-1 mRNA levels in cocultured cells, whereas t-PA mRNA levels remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that the cocultivation of astrocytes and endothelial cells induces a pronounced increase in astrocytic PAI-1 gene expression, and that this effect is amplified by LPS treatment. These findings imply an important role for intercellular crosstalk in modulating PAI-1 gene expression within the BBB, under both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
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| 31. |
- Jacob, Tina, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular and spatial landmarks of early mouse skin development
- 2023
-
In: Developmental Cell. - 1878-1551 .- 1534-5807. ; 58:20, s. 2140-2162.e5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A wealth of specialized cell populations within the skin facilitates its hair-producing, protective, sensory, and thermoregulatory functions. How the vast cell-type diversity and tissue architecture develops is largely unexplored. Here, with single-cell transcriptomics, spatial cell-type assignment, and cell-lineage tracing, we deconstruct early embryonic mouse skin during the key transitions from seemingly uniform developmental precursor states to a multilayered, multilineage epithelium, and complex dermal identity. We identify the spatiotemporal emergence of hair-follicle-inducing, muscle-supportive, and fascia-forming fibroblasts. We also demonstrate the formation of the panniculus carnosus muscle (PCM), sprouting blood vessels without pericyte coverage, and the earliest residence of mast and dendritic immune cells in skin. Finally, we identify an unexpected epithelial heterogeneity within the early single-layered epidermis and a signaling-rich periderm layer. Overall, this cellular and molecular blueprint of early skin development—which can be explored at https://kasperlab.org/tools—establishes histological landmarks and highlights unprecedented dynamic interactions among skin cells.
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| 32. |
- Khandagale, Avinash, et al.
(author)
-
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Modulation of Pulmonary Endothelial Function and Angiogenesis
- 2020
-
In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 40:9, s. 2293-2309
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to act as intercellular communicators. The aims were to characterize circulating EVs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to explore whether these EVs contribute to endothelial activation and angiogenesis. Approach and Results: Patients with PAH (n=70) and healthy controls (HC; n=20) were included in this cross-sectional study. EVs were characterized and human pulmonary endothelial cells (hPAECs) were incubated with purified EVs. Endothelial cell activity and proangiogenic markers were analyzed. Tube formation analysis was performed for hPAECs, and the involvement of PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1) was evaluated. The numbers of CD62P(+), CD144(+), and CD235a EVs were higher in blood from PAH compared with HC. Thirteen proteins were differently expressed in PAH and HC EVs, where complement fragment C1q was the most significantly elevated protein (P=0.0009) in PAH EVs. Upon EVs-internalization in hPAECs, more PAH compared with HC EVs evaded lysosomes (P<0.01). As oppose to HC, PAH EVs stimulated hPAEC activation and induced transcription and translation of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A;P<0.05) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor;P<0.005) which were released in the cell supernatant. These proangiogenic proteins were higher in patient with PAH plasma compered with HC. PAH EVs induced a complex network of angiotubes in vitro, which was abolished by inhibitory PSGL-1antibody. Anti-PSGL-1 also inhibited EV-induced endothelial cell activation and PAH EV dependent increase of VEGF-A. Conclusions: Patients with PAH have higher levels of EVs harboring increased amounts of angiogenic proteins, which induce activation of hPAECs and in vitro angiogenesis. These effects were partly because of platelet-derived EVs evasion of lysosomes upon internalization within hPAEC and through possible involvement of P-selectin-PSGL-1 pathway.
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| 33. |
- Kwak, Lydia, et al.
(author)
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A randomized controlled trial in schools aimed at exploring mechanisms of change of a multifaceted implementation strategy for promoting mental health at the workplace
- 2022
-
In: Implementation Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This study will explore implementation mechanisms through which a single implementation strategy and a multifaceted implementation strategy operate to affect the implementation outcome, which is fidelity to the Guideline For The Prevention of Mental Ill Health within schools. The guideline gives recommendations on how workplaces can prevent mental ill health among their personnel by managing social and organizational risks factors in the work environment. Schools are chosen as the setting for the study due to the high prevalence of mental ill health among teachers and other personnel working in schools. The study builds on our previous research, in which we compared the effectiveness of the two strategies on fidelity to the guideline. Small improvements in guideline adherence were observed for the majority of the indicators in the multifaceted strategy group. This study will focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms of change through which the implementation strategies may operate to affect the implementation outcome. Methods: We will conduct a cluster-randomized-controlled trial among public schools (n=55 schools) in Sweden. Schools are randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive a multifaceted strategy (implementation teams, educational meeting, ongoing training, Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles) or a single strategy (implementation teams, educational meeting). The implementation outcome is fidelity to the guideline. Hypothesized mediators originate from the COM-B model. A mixed-method design will be employed, entailing a qualitative study of implementation process embedded within the cluster-randomized controlled trail examining implementation mechanisms. The methods will be used in a complementary manner to get a full understanding of the implementation mechanisms. Discussion: This implementation study will provide valuable knowledge on how implementation strategies work (or fail) to affect implementation outcomes. The knowledge gained will aid the selection of effective implementation strategies that fit specific determinants, which is a priority for the field. Despite recent initiatives to advance the understanding of implementation mechanisms, studies testing these mechanisms are still uncommon. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.org dr.nr 2020-01214.
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| 34. |
- Kwak, Lydia, et al.
(author)
-
Implementation of the Swedish Guideline for Prevention of Mental ill-health at the Workplace : study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial, using multifaceted implementation strategies in schools
- 2019
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 19:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Given today's high prevalence of common mental disorders and related sick leave among teachers, an urgent need exists for a more systematic approach to the management of social and organizational risk factors within schools. In 2015, we launched the first Swedish occupational health guideline to support a structured prevention of these risks at the workplace. The existence of guidelines does however not guarantee their usage, as studies show that guidelines are often underused. Knowledge is therefore needed on effective implementation strategies that can facilitate the translation of guidelines into practice. The primary aim of the randomized waiting list-controlled trial described in this study protocol is to compare the effectiveness of a multifaceted implementation strategy versus a single implementation strategy for implementing the Guideline for the prevention of mental ill-health at the workplace within schools. The effectiveness will be compared regarding the extent to which the recommendations are implemented (implementation effectiveness) and with regard to social and organisational risk factors for mental ill-health, absenteeism and presenteeism (intervention effectiveness).METHODS: The trial is conducted among primary schools of two municipalities in Sweden. The single implementation strategy is an educational strategy (an educational meeting). The multifaceted strategy consists of the educational meeting, an implementation team and a series of workshops. The outcome measure of implementation effectiveness is guideline adherence. The primary outcome of intervention effectiveness is exhaustion. Secondary outcomes include demands at work, work organization and job contents, interpersonal relations and leadership, presenteeism, work performance, recovery, work-life balance, work-engagement, self-reported stress, self-perceived health, sickness absence and psychosocial safety climate. Process outcomes as well as barriers and facilitators influencing the implementation process are assessed. Data will be collected at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months by mixed methods (i.e. survey, focus-group interviews, observation).DISCUSSION: The study described in this protocol will provide valuable knowledge on the effectiveness of implementation strategies for implementing a guideline for the prevention of common mental disorders within schools. We hypothesize that successful implementation will result in reductions in school personnel's perceived social and organizational risk factors, mental ill-health and sick-leave.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03322839 (trial registration: 09/19/2017).
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(author)
-
Age and leadership : Comparisons of age groups in different kinds of work environment
- 2021
-
In: Management Research Review. - 2040-8269 .- 2040-8277. ; 44:5, s. 661-676
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to compare the self-rated leadership behaviors, leadership-related competencies and results of the leadership of younger, mid-aged and older leaders; and second to compare these aspects among younger leaders in different kinds of the work environment and between men and women. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected using the developmental leadership questionnaire from a sample of Swedish leadership course participants (N = 7,743). Findings – The results showed that the younger group of leaders (29 years old or younger n = 539), rated themselves more negatively than the mid-aged (30–50 years, n = 5,208) and older (51 years or older, n = 1,996) leaders. Analysis of the group of younger leaders showed that those working in the private sector scored most favorably. The gender comparison revealed that young male leaders scored higher on negative conventional (transactional) and destructive leadership behaviors. A logistic regression analysis of the younger group showed that social competence, developmental leadership and destructive leadership (negative) influenced self-rated results of leadership. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on leaders’ self-ratings only. Practical implications – The results can be used in leadership development contexts and in individualized coaching or mentoring programs. Originality/value – The results have new implications for leadership theory related to self-confidence, stereotypes, selection and organizational culture.
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(author)
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Age-related aspects of leadership and comparisons among young leaders between men and women in different kinds of work envrionment
- 2021
-
In: Management Research Review. - 2040-8269 .- 2040-8277. ; 44:5, s. 661-676
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to compare the self-rated leadership behaviors, leadership-related competencies and results of the leadership of younger, mid-aged and older leaders; and second to compare these aspects among younger leaders in different kinds of the work environment and between men and women.Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected using the developmental leadership questionnairefrom a sample of Swedish leadership course participants (N = 7,743).Findings – The results showed that the younger group of leaders (29 years old or younger n = 539), ratedthemselves more negatively than the mid-aged (30–50 years, n = 5,208) and older (51 years or older, n = 1,996) leaders. Analysis of the group of younger leaders showed that those working in the private sector scored mostfavorably. The gender comparison revealed that young male leaders scored higher on negative conventional (transactional) and destructive leadership behaviors. A logistic regression analysis of the younger group showed that social competence, developmental leadership and destructive leadership (negative) influencedself-rated results of leadership.Research limitations/implications – The study is based on leaders’ self-ratings only. Practical implications – The results can be used in leadership development contexts and inindividualized coaching or mentoring programs.Originality/value – The results have new implications for leadership theory related to self-confidence, stereotypes, selection and organizational culture.
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(author)
-
Leadership through the subordinates' eye : perceptions of leader behaviors in relation to age and gender
- 2023
-
In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 44:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe study represents a theory-based leadership approach in exploring the subordinate's perceptions of leadership behaviors in relation to age, gender and type of work environment. The aim was (1) to compare subordinates' ratings of their respective leaders' leadership behaviors based on of the leaders' age and gender, controlling for type of work environment and (2) to analyze the relationship between the subordinates' ratings of their leaders' leadership behaviors and their ratings of the outcome of these leadership behaviors.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) from a sample of Swedish leadership course participants (n = 10,869) and their respective subordinates (n = 97,943). The DLQ measures leadership behaviors designed to reflect the following leadership styles: developmental leadership, conventional-positive leadership, conventional-negative leadership and destructive leadership.FindingsResults showed that older leaders (51 years or older) were rated less favorably than younger (29 years or younger) and mid-aged leaders. Female leaders received more positive ratings than male leaders. A 3-way analysis-of-variance showed strong main effects for age, gender, and type of work environment and no significant interaction effects. A significant model with high equivalents of R2 coefficients (Cox and Snell, 1989; Nagelkerke, 1991) was obtained in a logistic regression analysis. Developmental leadership and conventional-positive leadership made significant positive contributions to the subordinates' ratings of the outcome of their leaders' leadership behaviors. Destructive leadership behaviors contributed negatively to the outcome ratings.Research limitations/implicationsWeaknesses include the cross-sectional study design. The large sample size is a strength, and the results have novel implications for leadership theory related to subordinates' view on leadership.Practical implicationsCounter-stereotype age and gender findings may have implications for organizational decisions and processes regarding selection of managers. Development programs are suggested for all categories but for older, male leaders with a focus on reducing their use of leadership behaviors perceived negatively by their subordinates, whereas younger female leaders should be encouraged to continue to develop their positive leadership behaviors.Originality/valueThe theory-based approach on subordinates' perceptions of leadership behaviors with a simultaneous focus on age, gender and type of work environment, based on a large-scale data set, is new.
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| 38. |
- Lohela, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Does a Change in Psychosocial Work Factors Lead to a Change in Employee Health?
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 51:2, s. 195-203
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim was to identify psychosocial factors at work that promote positive changes in employee health and factors that prevent negative changes in employee health. METHOD:: This study is part of a large longitudinal study and includes 1212 employees. Data for psychosocial work factors and self rated health was collected in 2000 and 2003. A modified Poisson regression was used to find factors of relevance for positive and negative changes in health. RESULTS:: A negative change in leadership, organizational commitment and reporting job strain increased the risk for negative change in health. Improved leadership and social climate increased the chance for positive changes in health. CONCLUSION:: By improving psychosocial factors at work, it is possible to promote employee health as well as prevent employee ill-health.
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| 39. |
- Maack, Christina, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Den hållbara logistikkunskapen tar oss framåt
- 2009
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In: PLANs forsknings- och tillämpningskonferens 2009. - Stockholm : Logistikföreningen PLAN. - 9197644439 - 9789197644433 ; , s. 113-124
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Framtida miljö- och energiproblem kommer att beröra oss alla. En sektor som är särskilt berörd är logistik- och transportsektorn. För att på ett effektivt sätt ta sig an de utmaningar som bland annat klimatproblematiken medför, behövs initiativ från såväl myndigheter, politiska beslutsfattare, företagsvärlden som forskningen. Det finns idag kunskap inom vissa områden, men det saknas förmåga att implementera den. Inom andra områden är det bristen på kunskap som utgör problemet. Syftet med artikeln är att kartlägga kunskaps-, kompetens och forskningsbehovet inom miljölogistik ur olika perspektiv.Kunskaps, kompetens- och forskningsbehovet har kartlagts och analyserats utifrån såväl forskares som praktikers syn på framtida behov. Artikeln bygger på resultat från fokusgruppsseminarier och en enkätundersökning. I seminarierna deltog representanter från varuägande företag, logistikföretag och samhällsaktörer. Resultatet från kartläggningen visar på ett stort behov av ny kunskap, såsom mätning och fördelning av miljöeffekter miljömätning och kopplingen mellan logistiksystemets miljöeffekter och affärsnyttan för såväl varuägare som logistikföretag. Samhällsaktörerna är den grupp som av samtliga aktörsgrupper, inklusive sig själva, beskrivs som den aktören med störst behov av kunskap kring miljölogistik. Forskningen spelar en viktig roll både för framtagning av ny kunskap och för spridning av ny och befintlig kunskap mellan olika aktörer.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Schaffer, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Can Agroforestry Grow beyond Its Niche and Contribute to a Transition towards Sustainable Agriculture in Sweden?
- 2019
-
In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Agroforestry is thought to be an approach that could support agriculture in the transition from a system with sustainability problems to one containing regenerative activities contributing to viable ecosystems and, therefore, sustainability solutions. A transdisciplinary and participatory action research (PAR) group that included farmers approached the development of temperate agroforestry systems in the modern agricultural setting of Sweden through practical experience on 12 farms for collective analysis. The objective was to research potential systems such as edible forest gardens, silvopasture and silvoarable systems to discuss their use and effects as well as scaling possibilities. Knowledge and experiences of challenges and solutions related to the development of agroforestry were identified at both niche and regime levels.
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| 45. |
- Schaffer, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Motivation and perception of farmers on the benefits and challenges of agroforestry in Sweden (Northern Europe)
- 2024
-
In: Agroforestry Systems. - : Springer. - 0167-4366 .- 1572-9680.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Agroforestry systems provide multiple benefits for human wellbeing and biodiversity; however, their diversity and spatial distribution has sharply declined across Europe. This study focuses on agroforestry farms in Sweden. The aim of the study was to explore farmers' motivations to start agroforestry, what benefits farmers attributed to their agroforestry farms and perceived challenges to practising agroforestry in Sweden. In total, 13 farms that practise various agroforestry forms were selected as case studies. A focus group, semi-structured interviews and field observations were used for data collection. We identified four types of agroforestry systems such as silvopasture, silvoarable, forest farming and forest gardens established on different land such as forested or agricultural land. All studied agroforestry farms were small but had complex spatial and temporal arrangements of crops, trees and animals, which were crucial to generating multiple benefits. Our results show that the multifunctionality of agroforestry systems resulted from farmers' desire to design such systems. Farmers' intentions to get foods and materials from their farms were always intentionally unified with multiple ecosystem services. We argue that agroforestry farmers are designers of multifunctional landscapes, as they deliberately organised their farming activities to get a bundle of ecosystem services belonging to all four categories-provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural. However, the complexity of agroforestry management, lack of technologies suitable for small-scale agroforestry farms, limited plant materials (including seedlings) and limited knowledge about how to do agroforestry challenged the scaling up of agroforestry practices.
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| 46. |
- Sigmundsdottir, Gudrun, et al.
(author)
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Urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratio in diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in newborn infants
- 2000
-
In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 38:8, s. 3039-3042
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infants treated in neonatal intensive care units suffer an increased risk for invasive candidiasis, but the diagnosis is sometimes difficult. D-arabinitol is a metabolite of most pathogenic Candida species. An elevated urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol (DA/LA) ratio is a sensitive sign of invasive candidiasis in children with cancer, but the method has not been previously evaluated for newborn infants. We therefore enrolled 117 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit, and 411 urine samples were obtained on filter paper. The DA/LA ratio was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For 81 infants with no suspicion of superficial or invasive candidiasis, the urine DA/LA ratio was 2.7 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]). The upper cutoff level was set at 4.8 (mean plus 3 SD). Of 22 infants with mucocutaneous candidiasis and not given systemic antifungal treatment, two had elevated DA/LA ratios, which normalized after removal of intravascular catheters. Eight other infants were given empiric antifungal treatment but had negative cultures; five of these had repeatedly elevated DA/LA ratios. Six infants with culture-positive invasive candidiasis all had one or more samples with elevated ratios. For seven infants, three with suspected and four with confirmed invasive candidiasis (for which follow-up samples were available), ratios normalized during antifungal treatment. In conclusion, urine DA/LA ratio determination is a rapid test and can be used for newborns. It is possibly more sensitive than fungal blood cultures in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis and can also be used for monitoring the effect of antifungal treatment.
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| 47. |
- Szopińska, Małgorzata, et al.
(author)
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Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in Admiralty Bay as a result of untreated wastewater discharge : Status and possible environmental consequences
- 2022
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 835, s. 1-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considering how the impact of human activity in Antarctica is growing, the aim of this study was to conduct the first assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), other emerging contaminants (ECs), and antibiotic resistance genes present in the western shore of the Admiralty Bay region of King George Island. In total, more than 170 substances were evaluated to assess the potential environmental risks they pose to the study area. The major evaluated source of pollutants in this study is discharged untreated wastewater. The highest PPCP concentrations in wastewater were found for naproxen (2653 ngL˗1), diclofenac (747 ngL˗1), ketoconazole (760 ngL˗1), ibuprofen (477 ngL˗1) and acetaminophen (332 ngL˗1). Moreover, the concentrations of benzotriazole (6340 ngL˗1) and caffeine (3310 ngL˗1) were also high. The Risk Quotient values indicate that azole antifungals (ketoconazole), anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, ibuprofen) and stimulants (caffeine) are the main groups responsible for the highest toxic burden. In addition, antibiotic resistance genes integrons (int 1) and sulphonamide resistance genes (sul 1–2) were detected in wastewater and seawater. These results indicate that regular monitoring of PPCPs and other ECs is of great importance in this environment. Additionally, the following mitigation strategies are suggested: (1) to create a centralised record of the medications prescribed and consumed in situ (to improve knowledge of potential contaminants without analysis); (2) to use more environmentally friendly substitutes both for pharmaceuticals and personal care products when possible (limiting consumption at the source); and (3) to apply advanced systems for wastewater treatment before discharge to the recipient (end-of-pipe technologies as a final barrier).
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| 48. |
- Söderhjelm, Teresa, et al.
(author)
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Academic leadership : management of groups or leadership of teams? A multiple-case study on designing and implementing a team-based development programme for academic leadership
- 2018
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In: Studies in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0307-5079 .- 1470-174X. ; 43:2, s. 201-216
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Demands on academic leadership are increasing, which raises the need for leadership training. This article describes development and implementation of a group training intervention in academic leadership at a departmental level. Little systematic research has addressed the question of what forms of leadership training are associated with effectiveness of academic leadership teams. This study examined a comprehensive methodological approach including three different data collection methods. The content analysis of the intervention resulted in identification of vital components that are associated with team effectiveness. Here, the findings are considered in relation to the notion of functional role-taking, and their general implications are explored in relation to the possibility of systematically developing academic leadership.
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| 49. |
- Söderhjelm, Teresa Martha, et al.
(author)
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The importance of confidence in leadership role : a qualitative study of the process following two Swedish leadership programmes
- 2018
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In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 39:1, s. 114-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of leadership programmes on leaders and co-workers, as well as which mechanisms are involved in the process. Design/methodology/approach – An analysis was done into 431 free-text answers to questionnaires given to 120 participants in two different leadership programmes and their co-workers six months after their participation, using a grounded theory inspired approach.Findings – The result is a model, linking internal psychological and external behavioural aspects, with the central outcome that leaders gained more confidence in their leadership role through theoretical models learned, and reflection.Research limitations/implications – The course participants as well as the co-workers seemed to experience a positive leadership development indicating a value of participating in the courses.Practical implications – Confidence in leadership role seems important for having positive outcomes of leadership. Although this needs further research, it is something organisations should consider when working with leadership questions.Social implications – The co-workers perceived their leaders to be calmer, more open for discussions, and willing both to give and receive feedback post training. There appears to be an increase in trust both in the leader and reciprocally from the leader in the co-workers.Originality/value – Until now there has not been any systematic research into the effects on participants and co-workers following the programmes, despite the fact that over 100,000 have participated in the courses.
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- Tafvelin, Susanne, 1975-, et al.
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Ung och chef : en guide till organisationer som vill ta tillvara på unga chefers potential
- 2023
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Den här guiden bygger på två svenska forskningsprojekt om unga chefers förutsättningar. Forskningsprojekten genomfördes under 2018–2023 vid Umeå universitet och Karolinska Institutet och finansierades av Afa Försäkring. Guiden har utarbetats tillsammans av forskarna i de två projekten och är baserad på forskningsresultaten från projekten. Syftet är att underlätta för organisationer som vill säkerställa goda förutsättningar för unga att trivas och utvecklas i chefsrollen. Guiden summeras kortfattat nedan och beskrivs mer detaljerat med konkreta exempel i huvudtexten.
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