| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Noguchi, S, et al.
(author)
-
FANTOM5 CAGE profiles of human and mouse samples
- 2017
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In: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 4, s. 170112-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the FANTOM5 project, transcription initiation events across the human and mouse genomes were mapped at a single base-pair resolution and their frequencies were monitored by CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) coupled with single-molecule sequencing. Approximately three thousands of samples, consisting of a variety of primary cells, tissues, cell lines, and time series samples during cell activation and development, were subjected to a uniform pipeline of CAGE data production. The analysis pipeline started by measuring RNA extracts to assess their quality, and continued to CAGE library production by using a robotic or a manual workflow, single molecule sequencing, and computational processing to generate frequencies of transcription initiation. Resulting data represents the consequence of transcriptional regulation in each analyzed state of mammalian cells. Non-overlapping peaks over the CAGE profiles, approximately 200,000 and 150,000 peaks for the human and mouse genomes, were identified and annotated to provide precise location of known promoters as well as novel ones, and to quantify their activities.
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| 3. |
- Ade, P. A. R., et al.
(author)
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A Constraint on Primordial B-modes from the First Flight of the Spider Balloon-borne Telescope
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 927:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first linear polarization measurements from the 2015 long-duration balloon flight of SPIDER, which is an experiment that is designed to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on degree angular scales. The results from these measurements include maps and angular power spectra from observations of 4.8% of the sky at 95 and 150 GHz, along with the results of internal consistency tests on these data. While the polarized CMB anisotropy from primordial density perturbations is the dominant signal in this region of sky, Galactic dust emission is also detected with high significance. Galactic synchrotron emission is found to be negligible in the SPIDER bands. We employ two independent foreground-removal techniques to explore the sensitivity of the cosmological result to the assumptions made by each. The primary method uses a dust template derived from Planck data to subtract the Galactic dust signal. A second approach, which constitutes a joint analysis of SPIDER and Planck data in the harmonic domain, assumes a modified-blackbody model for the spectral energy distribution of the dust with no constraint on its spatial morphology. Using a likelihood that jointly samples the template amplitude and r parameter space, we derive 95% upper limits on the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio from Feldman-Cousins and Bayesian constructions, finding r < 0.11 and r < 0.19, respectively. Roughly half the uncertainty in r derives from noise associated with the template subtraction. New data at 280 GHz from SPIDER´s second flight will complement the Planck polarization maps, providing powerful measurements of the polarized Galactic dust emission.
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| 4. |
- Filippini, J. P., et al.
(author)
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In-Flight Gain Monitoring of SPIDER's Transition-Edge Sensor Arrays
- 2022
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In: Journal of Low Temperature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2291 .- 1573-7357. ; 209:3-4, s. 649-657
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experiments deploying large arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs) often require a robust method to monitor gain variations with minimal loss of observing time. We propose a sensitive and non-intrusive method for monitoring variations in TES responsivity using small square waves applied to the TES bias. We construct an estimator for a TES's small-signal power response from its electrical response that is exact in the limit of strong electrothermal feedback. We discuss the application and validation of this method using flight data from SPIDER, a balloon-borne telescope that observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with more than 2000 TESs. This method may prove useful for future balloon- and space-based instruments, where observing time and ground control bandwidth are limited.
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| 5. |
- Gambrel, A. E., et al.
(author)
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The XFaster Power Spectrum and Likelihood Estimator for the Analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background Maps
- 2021
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 922:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the XFaster analysis package, a fast, iterative angular power spectrum estimator based on a diagonal approximation to the quadratic Fisher matrix estimator. It uses Monte Carlo simulations to compute noise biases and filter transfer functions and is thus a hybrid of both Monte Carlo and quadratic estimator methods. In contrast to conventional pseudo-Cℓ–based methods, the algorithm described here requires a minimal number of simulations and does not require them to be precisely representative of the data to estimate accurate covariance matrices for the bandpowers. The formalism works with polarization-sensitive observations and also data sets with identical, partially overlapping, or independent survey regions. The method was first implemented for the analysis of BOOMERanG data and also used as part of the Planck analysis. Here we describe the full, publicly available analysis package, written in Python, as developed for the analysis of data from the 2015 flight of the Spider instrument. The package includes extensions for self-consistently estimating null spectra and estimating fits for Galactic foreground contributions. We show results from the extensive validation of XFaster using simulations and its application to the Spider data set.
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| 6. |
- Leung, J. S.-Y., et al.
(author)
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A Simulation-based Method for Correcting Mode Coupling in CMB Angular Power Spectra
- 2022
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 928:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modern cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis pipelines regularly employ complex time-domain filters, beam models, masking, and other techniques during the production of sky maps and their corresponding angular power spectra. However, these processes can generate couplings between multipoles from the same spectrum and from different spectra, in addition to the typical power attenuation. Within the context of pseudo-C-l based, MASTER-style analyses, the net effect of the time-domain filtering is commonly approximated by a multiplicative transfer function, F-l , that can fail to capture mode mixing and is dependent on the spectrum of the signal. To address these shortcomings, we have developed a simulation-based spectral correction approach that constructs a two-dimensional transfer matrix, J(ll'), which contains information about mode mixing in addition to mode attenuation. We demonstrate the application of this approach on data from the first flight of the Spider balloon-borne CMB experiment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Curbis, F, et al.
(author)
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HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT OF THE SOFT X-RAY LASER AT MAX IV
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of IPAC2021.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The SXL (Soft X-ray Laser) project developed a conceptual design for a soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the 1-5 nm wavelength range, driven by the existing MAX IV 3 GeV linac. In this contribution we will focus on the FEL operation modes developed for the first phase of the project based on two different linac modes. The design work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation and by several Swedish universities and organizations (
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| 9. |
- Paciaroni, M., et al.
(author)
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Timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation comparing posterior and anterior circulation strokes
- 2020
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In: European Stroke Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The aim of this study in patients with acute posterior ischaemic stroke (PS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) was to evaluate (1) the risks of recurrent ischaemic event and severe bleeding and (2) these risks in relation with oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) and its timing. Materials and Methods: Patients with PS were prospectively included; the outcome events of these patients were compared with those of patients with anterior stroke (AS) which were taken from previous registries. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke recurrence, transient ischaemic attack, symptomatic systemic embolism, symptomatic cerebral bleeding and major extracranial bleeding occurring within 90 days from acute stroke. Results: A total of 2470 patients were available for the analysis: 473 (19.1%) with PS and 1997 (80.9%) with AS. Over 90 days, 213 (8.6%) primary outcome events were recorded: 175 (8.7%) in patients with AS and 38 (8.0%) in those with PS. In patients who initiated OAT within 2 days, the primary outcome occurred in 5 out of 95 patients (5.3%) with PS compared to 21 out of 373 patients (4.3%) with AS (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.39-2.94). In patients who initiated OAT between days 3 and 7, the primary outcome occurred in 3 out of 103 patients (2.9%) with PS compared to 26 out of 490 patients (5.3%) with AS (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.16-1.80). Discussion: our findings suggest that, when deciding the time to initiate oral anticoagulation, the location of stroke, either anterior or posterior, does not predict the risk of outcome events. Conclusions: Patients with PS or AS and AF appear to have similar risks of ischaemic or haemorrhagic events at 90 days with no difference concerning the timing of initiation of OAT.
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| 10. |
- Ramilowski, JA, et al.
(author)
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Functional annotation of human long noncoding RNAs via molecular phenotyping
- 2020
-
In: Genome research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5469 .- 1088-9051. ; 30:7, s. 1060-1072
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, we systematically knocked down the expression of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts and quantified cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the same lncRNAs exhibited global concordance, and the molecular phenotype, measured by CAGE, recapitulated the observed cellular phenotypes while providing additional insights on the affected genes and pathways. Here, we disseminate the largest-to-date lncRNA knockdown data set with molecular phenotyping (over 1000 CAGE deep-sequencing libraries) for further exploration and highlight functional roles for ZNF213-AS1 and lnc-KHDC3L-2.
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| 11. |
- Tanikawa, T., et al.
(author)
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Volt-per-Ångstrom terahertz fields from X-ray free-electron lasers
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 27, s. 796-798
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electron linear accelerators driving modern X-ray free-electron lasers can emit intense, tunable, quasi-monochromatic terahertz (THz) transients with peak electric fields of V Ångstrom(-1) and peak magnetic fields in excess of 10 T when a purpose-built, compact, superconducting THz undulator is implemented. New research avenues such as X-ray movies of THz-driven mode-selective chemistry come into reach by making dual use of the ultra-short GeV electron bunches, possible by a rather minor extension of the infrastructure.
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| 12. |
- Henighan, T., et al.
(author)
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Generation mechanism of terahertz coherent acoustic phonons in Fe
- 2016
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - 2469-9950. ; 93:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use femtosecond time-resolved hard x-ray scattering to detect coherent acoustic phonons generated during ultrafast laser excitation of ferromagnetic bcc Fe films grown on MgO(001). We observe the coherent longitudinal-acoustic phonons as a function of wave vector through analysis of the temporal oscillations in the x-ray scattering signal. The width of the extracted strain wave front associated with this coherent motion is similar to 100 fs. An effective electronic Gruneisen parameter is extracted within a two-temperature model. However, ab initio calculations show that the phonons are nonthermal on the time scale of the experiment, which calls into question the validity of extracting physical constants by fitting such a two-temperature model.
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| 13. |
- Kovalev, S., et al.
(author)
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Selective THz control of magnetic order : new opportunities from superradiant undulator sources
- 2018
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In: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 51:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent advancements of accelerator technology enable the generation of carrier-envelope-phase stable THz pulses with high fields at adjustable high repetition rates. The appropriate choice of THz radiator allows generation of narrow-band, spectrally dense, multicycle THz transients of tunable THz frequency which are ideally suited to selectively excite low-energy excitations such as magnons or phonons. They also allow one to study the frequency dependence of nonresonant THz-field interactions with various order parameters with high dynamic range. In this paper, we discuss the future prospects of this new type of THz light source for studying the coherent control of magnetic order based on recent results.
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| 14. |
- Persson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Spin-Torque Oscillator in an Electromagnet Package
- 2012
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In: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 48:11, s. 4378-4381
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spin-torque oscillators (STO) hold promise for multi-octave frequency operation at very high frequencies and modulation speeds. STO operation is typically demonstrated using large electromagnets and probe stations, and has so far not been packaged with a portable form factor. For STOs to be utilized in real applications, a smaller packaging solution is needed. We integrate STOs with packages originally developed for YIG oscillators, modified to incorporate permanent magnets and to achieve a compact portable oscillator based on the STO.
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| 15. |
- Andersen, J., et al.
(author)
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The soft X-ray laser project at MAX IV
- 2017
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In: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - : Joint Accelerator Conferences Website - JACoW. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 2760-2762
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline utilising FEL technology is being designed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at the MAX IV Laboratory. A conceptual design study has been started following on the scientific case already prepared in collaboration between several Swedish Universities and driven by a strong (Swedish) user demand. The baseline goal of the SXL beamline is to generate intense and short pulses in the range 1-5 nm (0.2-1 keV). The system is building on the MAX IV linac system, already today providing 100 fs 3 GeV and pulses compressed to 100 fs for other applications within the SPF. As a special feature we foresee a variety of pump-probe capabilities.
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| 16. |
- Bonetti, Stefano, et al.
(author)
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THz-Driven Ultrafast Spin-Lattice Scattering in Amorphous Metallic Ferromagnets
- 2016
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use single-cycle THz fields and the femtosecond magneto-optical Kerr effect to, respectively, excite and probe the magnetization dynamics in two thin-film ferromagnets with different lattice structures: crystalline Fe and amorphous CoFeB. We observe Landau-Lifshitz-torque magnetization dynamics of comparable magnitude in both systems, but only the amorphous sample shows ultrafast demagnetization caused by the spin-lattice depolarization of the THz-induced ultrafast spin current. Quantitative modeling shows that such spin-lattice scattering events occur on similar time scales than the conventional spin conserving electronic scattering (similar to 30 fs). This is significantly faster than optical laser-induced demagnetization. THz conductivity measurements point towards the influence of lattice disorder in amorphous CoFeB as the driving force for enhanced spin-lattice scattering.
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| 17. |
- Curbis, F., et al.
(author)
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Status of the soft X-ray laser (SXL) project at the Max IV laboratory
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 39th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2019. - : JACoW Publishing. - 9783954502103 ; , s. 749-752
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser project (the SXL) aiming to produce FEL radiation in the range of 1 to 5 nm is currently in a conceptual design phase and a report on the design is expected to be delivered by March 2021. The FEL will be driven by the existing 3 GeV linac at MAX IV laboratory, which also serves as injector for the two storage rings. The science case has been pushed by a large group of mainly Swedish users and consists of experiments ranging from AMO physics to condensed matter, chemistry and imaging in life science. In this contribution, we will present the current conceptual design of the accelerator and the FEL operation modes together with a general overview of the beamline and experimental station. In particular design options for the FEL will be discussed in conjunction with the features of the electron beam from the MAX IV linac and the connection with the proposed experiments.
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| 18. |
- de Hoon, M, et al.
(author)
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Deep sequencing of short capped RNAs reveals novel families of noncoding RNAs
- 2022
-
In: Genome research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5469 .- 1088-9051. ; 32:9, s. 1727-1735
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In eukaryotes, capped RNAs include long transcripts such as messenger RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as shorter transcripts such as spliceosomal RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and enhancer RNAs. Long capped transcripts can be profiled using cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) sequencing and other methods. Here, we describe a sequencing library preparation protocol for short capped RNAs, apply it to a differentiation time course of the human cell line THP-1, and systematically compare the landscape of short capped RNAs to that of long capped RNAs. Transcription initiation peaks associated with genes in the sense direction have a strong preference to produce either long or short capped RNAs, with one out of six peaks detected in the short capped RNA libraries only. Gene-associated short capped RNAs have highly specific 3′ ends, typically overlapping splice sites. Enhancers also preferentially generate either short or long capped RNAs, with 10% of enhancers observed in the short capped RNA libraries only. Enhancers producing either short or long capped RNAs show enrichment for GWAS-associated disease SNPs. We conclude that deep sequencing of short capped RNAs reveals new families of noncoding RNAs and elucidates the diversity of transcripts generated at known and novel promoters and enhancers.
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| 19. |
- Gray, A. X., et al.
(author)
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Ultrafast terahertz field control of electronic and structural interactions in vanadium dioxide
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 98:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vanadium dioxide (VO2), an archetypal correlated-electron material, undergoes an insulator-metal transition near room temperature that exhibits electron-correlation-driven and structurally driven physics. Using ultrafast temperature- and fluence-dependent optical spectroscopy and x-ray scattering, we show that multiple interrelated electronic and structural processes in the nonequilibrium dynamics in VO2 can be disentangled in the time domain. Specifically, following intense subpicosecond terahertz (THz) electric-field excitation, a partial collapse of the insulating gap occurs within the first picosecond. At temperatures sufficiently close to the transition temperature and for THz peak fields above a threshold of approximately 1 MV/cm, this electronic reconfiguration initiates a change in lattice symmetry taking place on a slower timescale. We identify the kinetic energy increase of electrons tunneling in the strong electric field as the driving force, illustrating a promising method to control electronic and structural interactions in correlated materials on an ultrafast timescale.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bonetti, A, et al.
(author)
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RADICL-seq identifies general and cell type-specific principles of genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 1018-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mammalian genomes encode tens of thousands of noncoding RNAs. Most noncoding transcripts exhibit nuclear localization and several have been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. To investigate the function of such RNAs, methods to massively map the genomic interacting sites of multiple transcripts have been developed; however, these methods have some limitations. Here, we introduce RNA And DNA Interacting Complexes Ligated and sequenced (RADICL-seq), a technology that maps genome-wide RNA–chromatin interactions in intact nuclei. RADICL-seq is a proximity ligation-based methodology that reduces the bias for nascent transcription, while increasing genomic coverage and unique mapping rate efficiency compared with existing methods. RADICL-seq identifies distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of transcripts as well as cell type–specific RNA-chromatin interactions, and highlights the role of transcription in the establishment of chromatin structure.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Dias, J D, et al.
(author)
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Targeted cancer immunotherapy with oncolytic adenovirus coding for a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for CTLA-4
- 2012
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In: Gene Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-7128 .- 1476-5462. ; 19:10, s. 988-998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Promising clinical results have been achieved with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as ipilimumab and tremelimumab that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4, CD152). However, systemic administration of these agents also has the potential for severe immune-related adverse events. Thus, local production might allow higher concentrations at the target while reducing systemic side effects. We generated a transductionally and transcriptionally targeted oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-Δ24aCTLA4 expressing complete human mAb specific for CTLA-4 and tested it in vitro, in vivo and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal donors and patients with advanced solid tumors. mAb expression was confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Biological functionality was determined in a T-cell line and in PBMCs from cancer patients. T cells of patients, but not those of healthy donors, were activated by an anti-CTLA4mAb produced by Ad5/3-Δ24aCTLA4. In addition to immunological effects, a direct anti-CTLA-4-mediated pro-apoptotic effect was observed in vitro and in vivo. Local production resulted in 43-fold higher (P<0.05) tumor versus plasma anti-CTLA4mAb concentration. Plasma levels in mice remained below what has been reported safe in humans. Replication-competent Ad5/3-Δ24aCTLA4 resulted in 81-fold higher (P<0.05) tumor mAb levels as compared with a replication-deficient control. This is the first report of an oncolytic adenovirus producing a full-length human mAb. High mAb concentrations were seen at tumors with lower systemic levels. Stimulation of T cells of cancer patients by Ad5/3-Δ24aCTLA4 suggests feasibility of testing the approach in clinical trials.
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| 24. |
- Hashimoto, K, et al.
(author)
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CAGE profiling of ncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals widespread activation of retroviral LTR promoters in virus-induced tumors
- 2015
-
In: Genome research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5469 .- 1088-9051. ; 25:12, s. 1812-1824
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in various human diseases including cancer; however, the ncRNA transcriptome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unexplored. We used CAGE to map transcription start sites across various types of human and mouse HCCs with emphasis on ncRNAs distant from protein-coding genes. Here, we report that retroviral LTR promoters, expressed in healthy tissues such as testis and placenta but not liver, are widely activated in liver tumors. Despite HCC heterogeneity, a subset of LTR-derived ncRNAs were more than 10-fold up-regulated in the vast majority of samples. HCCs with a high LTR activity mostly had a viral etiology, were less differentiated, and showed higher risk of recurrence. ChIP-seq data show that MYC and MAX are associated with ncRNA deregulation. Globally, CAGE enabled us to build a mammalian promoter map for HCC, which uncovers a new layer of complexity in HCC genomics.
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| 25. |
- Janko, Matthew R., et al.
(author)
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In-situ bypass is associated with superior infection-free survival compared with extra-anatomic bypass for the management of secondary aortic graft infections without enteric involvement
- 2022
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In: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 76:2, s. 546-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The optimal revascularization modality following complete resection of aortic graft infection (AGI) without enteric involvement remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the revascularization approach associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality using real-world data in patients undergoing complete excision of AGI. Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of AGI from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standardized database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative variables were recorded. The primary outcome was infection-free survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: A total of 241 patients at 34 institutions from seven countries presented with AGI during the study period (median age, 68 years; 75% male). The initial aortic procedures that resulted in AGI were 172 surgical grafts (71%), 66 endografts (27%), and three unknown (2%). Of the patients, 172 (71%) underwent complete excision of infected aortic graft material followed by in situ (in-line) bypass (ISB), including antibiotic-treated prosthetic graft (35%), autogenous femoral vein (neo-aortoiliac surgery) (24%), and cryopreserved allograft (41%). Sixty-nine patients (29%) underwent extra-anatomic bypass (EAB). Overall median Kaplan-Meier estimated survival was 5.8 years. Perioperative mortality was 16%. When stratified by ISB vs EAB, there was a significant difference in Kaplan-Meier estimated infection-free survival (2910 days; interquartile range, 391-3771 days vs 180 days; interquartile range, 27-3750 days; P <.001). There were otherwise no significant differences in presentation, comorbidities, or perioperative variables. Multivariable Cox regression showed lower infection-free survival among patients with EAB (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.6; P <.001), polymicrobial infection (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.5; P = .001), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = .02), as well as the protective effect of omental/muscle flap coverage (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.92; P = .02). Conclusions: After complete resection of AGI, perioperative mortality is 16% and median overall survival is 5.8 years. EAB is associated with nearly a two and one-half-fold higher reinfection/mortality compared with ISB. Omental and/or muscle flap coverage of the repair appear protective.
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| 26. |
- Maccaferri, N., et al.
(author)
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Tuning the Magneto-Optical Response of Nanosize Ferromagnetic Ni Disks Using the Phase of Localized Plasmons
- 2013
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explore the influence of the phase of localized plasmon resonances on the magneto-optical activity of nanoferromagnets. We demonstrate that these systems can be described as two orthogonal damped oscillators coupled by the spin-orbit interaction. We prove that only the spin-orbit induced transverse plasmon plays an active role on the magneto-optical properties by controlling the relative amplitude and phase lag between the two oscillators. Our theoretical predictions are fully confirmed by magneto-optical Kerr effect and optical extinction measurements in nanostructures of different size and shape.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Barack, Leor, et al.
(author)
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Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics : a roadmap
- 2019
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In: Classical and quantum gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 36:14
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bonetti, Stefano, et al.
(author)
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Direct observation and imaging of a spin-wave soliton with p−like symmetry
- 2015
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prediction and realization of magnetic excitations driven by electrical currents via the spin transfer torque effect, enables novel magnetic nano-devices where spin-waves can be used to process and store information. The functional control of such devices relies on understanding the properties of non-linear spin-wave excitations. It has been demonstrated that spin waves can show both an itinerant character, but also appear as localized solitons. So far, it was assumed that localized solitons have essentially cylindrical, s−like symmetry. Using a newly developed high-sensitivity time-resolved magnetic x-ray microscopy, we instead observe the emergence of a novel localized soliton excitation with a nodal line, i.e. with p−like symmetry. Micromagnetic simulations identify the physical mechanism that controls the transition from s− to p−like solitons. Our results suggest a potential new pathway to design artificial atoms with tunable dynamical states using nanoscale magnetic devices.
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| 35. |
- Bonetti, Stefano, et al.
(author)
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Power and linewidth of propagating and localized modes in nanocontact spin-torque oscillators
- 2012
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:17, s. 174427-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The integrated power and linewidth of a propagating and a self-localized spin-wave mode excited by spin-polarized current in an obliquely magnetized magnetic nanocontact are studied experimentally as functions of the angle theta(e) between the external bias magnetic field and the nanocontact plane. It is found that the power of the propagating mode increases monotonically with theta(e), while the power of the self-localized mode has a broad maximum near theta(e) = 40 degrees and exponentially vanishes near the critical angle theta(e) = 58 degrees, at which the localized mode disappears. The linewidth of the propagating mode in the interval of angles 58 degrees < theta(e) < 90 degrees, where only this mode is excited, is adequately described by the existing theory, while in the angular interval where both modes can exist the observed linewidth of both modes is substantially broadened due to the telegraph switching between the modes. Numerical simulations and an approximate analytical model give a good semiquantitative description of the observed results.
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| 36. |
- Cavicchi, A., et al.
(author)
-
INFORMEG, a new evaluation system for family medicine trainees : Feasibility in an Italian rural setting
- 2016
-
In: Rural and Remote Health. - 1445-6354. ; 16:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: In Italy the course to become a general practitioner (GP) lasts 3 years and includes both theoretical and practical study. Different from the theoretical part, until recently the practical activity has not been assessed at all. The Emilia Romagna Regional Health Authority has developed a special program called INFORMEG (Management of Tutoring during the Triennial Specific Training in General Practice), aimed at assessing primary doctor trainees' practical skills. INFORMEG includes a list of predefined cases of specific diseases, conditions or health problem, a web application and a smartphone app, aimed at assisting trainee self-management and helping the tutor in the assessment of trainee performance. The Emilia Romagna Regional Health Authority divided the pre-defined cases into three categories (A, B and C) according to their relevance to a trainee's education and coded them using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). The aim of this project report is to illustrate the implementation of INFORMEG in a rural setting. Methods: Program evaluation took place from 2 May to 31 October 2013 during GPs' routine clinical activities. The following steps were accomplished during every meeting: (1) consultation recording; (2) identification of the reason for the encounter (RfE); (3) classification of the diagnostic procedure(s) performed (diagnostic/therapeutic/test results/administrative/advice); (4) classification of special procedures called 'practical clinical skills' and (5) elaboration of the final diagnosis after the encounter. Results: The number of cases of specific disease or condition encountered by the trainee were 98 for type A, 57 for type B and 22 for type C. A total of 605 RfEs were collected: 376 for type A cases, 147 for type B cases and 82 for type C cases. A total of 976 procedures were performed during the 6 months: 590 procedures for the type A cases, 271 for type B and 115 for type C. Conclusions: The pre-selected health problems were almost all addressed, thus confirming the good degree of representativeness of these clinical cases even in a rural setting. The ICPC coding helped the trainee in the construction of the case according to the logical process of family medicine. Two things to amend in INFORMEG are the absence of common arrhythmic conditions such as atrial fibrillation and the absence of means to assess the patient-trainee relationship.
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| 37. |
- Chen, Z., et al.
(author)
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Ultrafast Self-Induced X-Ray Transparency and Loss of Magnetic Diffraction
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 121:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using ultrafast similar or equal to 2.5 fs and similar or equal to 25 fs self-amplified spontaneous emission pulses of increasing intensity and a novel experimental scheme, we report the concurrent increase of stimulated emission in the forward direction and loss of out-of-beam diffraction contrast for a Co/Pd multilayer sample. The experimental results are quantitatively accounted for by a statistical description of the pulses in conjunction with the optical Bloch equations. The dependence of the stimulated sample response on the incident intensity, coherence time, and energy jitter of the employed pulses reveals the importance of increased control of x-ray free electron laser radiation.
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| 38. |
- Consolo, G., et al.
(author)
-
Non-stationary excitation of two localized spin-wave modes in a nano-contact spin torque oscillator
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 114:15, s. 153906-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We measure and simulate micromagnetically a framework based upon a nano-contact spin torque oscillator where two distinct localized evanescent spin-wave modes can be detected. The resulting frequency spectrum is composed by two peaks, corresponding to the excited modes, which lie below the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, and a low-frequency tail, which we attribute to the non-stationary switching between these modes. By using Fourier, wavelet, and Hilbert-Huang transforms, we investigate the properties of these modes in time and spatial domains, together with their spatial distribution. The existence of an additional localized mode (which was neither predicted by theory nor by previous numerical and experimental findings) has to be attributed to the large influence of the current-induced Oersted field strength which, in the present setup, is of the same order of magnitude as the external field. As a further consequence, the excited spin-waves, contrarily to what usually assumed, do not possess cylindrical symmetry: the Oersted field induces these modes to be excited at the two opposite sides of the region beneath the nano-contact.
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| 39. |
- Costantini, H., et al.
(author)
-
Recent results of the 14N(p,γ)15O measurement at LUNA
- 2005
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 758:1-4 SPEC. ISS., s. 383C-386C
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 14N(p, γ)15O reaction has been investigated by LUNA at the National Laboratory of Gran Sasso (LNGS) using two different techniques. The first study has been performed using a solid target and detecting the γ-rays coming from the single transitions with a HPGe detector in very close geometry to the target. In a second phase a windowless gas target sorrounded by a nearly 4π BGO summing crystal has been used and the total S-factor has been measured down to Eb = 80 keV. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Dumas, Randy K., et al.
(author)
-
Spin-Wave-Mode Coexistence on the Nanoscale : A Consequence of the Oersted-Field-Induced Asymmetric Energy Landscape
- 2013
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 110:25, s. 257202-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has been argued that if multiple spin wave modes are competing for the same centrally located energy source, as in a nanocontact spin torque oscillator, that only one mode should survive in the steady state. Here, the experimental conditions necessary for mode coexistence are explored. Mode coexistence is facilitated by the local field asymmetries induced by the spatially inhomogeneous Oersted field, which leads to a physical separation of the modes, and is further promoted by spin wave localization at reduced applied field angles. Finally, both simulation and experiment reveal a low frequency signal consistent with the intermodulation of two coexistent modes.
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| 41. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Dependence of the colored frequency noise in spin torque oscillators on current and magnetic field
- 2014
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:9, s. 092405-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The nano-scale spin torque oscillator (STO) is a compelling device for on-chip, highly tunable microwave frequency signal generation. Currently, one of the most important challenges for the STO is to increase its longer-time frequency stability by decreasing the 1/f frequency noise, but its high level makes even its measurement impossible using the phase noise mode of spectrum analyzers. Here, we present a custom made time-domain measurement system with 150MHz measurement bandwidth making possible the investigation of the variation of the 1/f as well as the white frequency noise in a STO over a large set of operating points covering 18-25GHz. The 1/f level is found to be highly dependent on the oscillation amplitude-frequency non-linearity and the vicinity of unexcited oscillation modes. These findings elucidate the need for a quantitative theoretical treatment of the low-frequency, colored frequency noise in STOs. Based on the results, we suggest that the 1/f frequency noise possibly can be decreased by improving the microstructural quality of the metallic thin films.
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| 42. |
- Formicola, A, et al.
(author)
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Astrophysical S-factor of 14N(p,γ)15O
- 2004
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 591:1-2, s. 61-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on a new measurement of the 14N(p,γ) 15O capture cross section at Ep=140 to 400 keV using the 400 kV LUNA accelerator facility at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). The uncertainties have been reduced with respect to previous measurements and their analysis. We have analyzed the data using the R-matrix method and we find that the ground state transition accounts for about 15% of the total S-factor. The main contribution to the S-factor is given by the transition to the 6.79 MeV state. We find a total S(0)=1.7±0.2 keVb, in agreement with recent extrapolations. The result has important consequences for the solar neutrino spectrum as well as for the age of globular clusters. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Grishin, Alexander M., et al.
(author)
-
Low field driven latching-type Bi3Fe5O12/Gd3Ga5O12 magneto-optical display
- 2006
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 88:24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Series of heteroepitaxial all-garnet magneto-optical (MO) Bi3Fe5O12n/Gd3Ga5O12m /BIG(n)/GGG(m), n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and m=1 and 2 are the numbers of unit cells) nanostructured multilayers have been sintered by pulsed laser deposition technique. Processing parameters and structure of grown films have been optimized to obtain perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and square hysteresis loop with low coercive and saturation magnetic fields. Regular alternating of lattice mismatched BIG and GGG atomic layers inhibited nucleation of misfit dislocations; thus a long range coherent compressive strain was preserved through the whole thickness of BIG(n)/GGG(m) multilayer stack. 2.5 mu m thick BIG(3)/GGG(2) sample (1200 BIG and 800 GGG unit cells) at lambda= 678 nm shows MO Faraday rotation Phi(F)= +/- 1.4 degrees, transmittance of 82%, attenuation alpha=3400 dB/cm, squareness of magnetization loop (remnant-to-saturation magnetizations ratio) as high as 92%, and saturation and coercive fields as low as 56 and 25 Oe, respectively. MO remanence (latching capability) enables application of nanostructured garnet as a magnetic relief replicator/visualizer and as a material for low power consuming displays.
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| 44. |
- Gruber, Günther, et al.
(author)
-
Prognostic value of extracapsular tumor spread for locoregional control in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: long-term observations from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VI.
- 2005
-
In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 23:28, s. 7089-97
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: We sought to determine retrospectively whether extracapsular spread (ECS) might identify a subgroup that could benefit from radiotherapy after mastectomy, especially patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes (LN1-3+). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomized 1,475 premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer to three, six, or nine courses of "classical" CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). After a review of all pathology forms, 933 patients (63%) had information on the presence or absence of ECS. ECS was present in 49.5%. The median follow-up was 10 years. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, ECS was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In multivariate analyses adjusting for tumor size, vessel invasion, surgery type, and age group, ECS remained significant (DFS: hazard ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.93; P < .0001; OS: 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.08; P < .0001). However, ECS was not significant when the number of positive nodes was added. The locoregional failure rate +/- distant failure (LRF +/- distant failure) within 10 years was estimated at 19% (+/- 2%) without ECS, versus 27% (+/- 2%) with ECS. The difference was statistically significant in univariate analyses, but not after adjusting for the number of positive nodes. No independent effect of ECS on DFS, OS, or LRF could be confirmed within the subgroup of 382 patients with LN1-3+ treated with mastectomy without radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support an independent prognostic value of ECS, nor its use as an indication for irradiation in premenopausal patients with LN1-3+ treated with classical CMF. However, we could not examine whether extensive ECS is of prognostic importance.
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| 45. |
- Hudl, Matthias, et al.
(author)
-
Nonlinear Magnetization Dynamics Driven by Strong Terahertz Fields
- 2019
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a comprehensive experimental and numerical study of magnetization dynamics in a thin metallic film triggered by single-cycle terahertz pulses of ∼20 MV/m electric field amplitude and ∼1 ps duration. The experimental dynamics is probed using the femtosecond magneto-optical Kerr effect, and it is reproduced numerically using macrospin simulations. The magnetization dynamics can be decomposed in three distinct processes: a coherent precession of the magnetization around the terahertz magnetic field, an ultrafast demagnetization that suddenly changes the anisotropy of the film, and a uniform precession around the equilibrium effective field that is relaxed on the nanosecond time scale, consistent with a Gilbert damping process. Macrospin simulations quantitatively reproduce the observed dynamics, and allow us to predict that novel nonlinear magnetization dynamics regimes can be attained with existing tabletop terahertz sources.
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| 46. |
- Iacocca, Ezio, 1986, et al.
(author)
-
Spin-current-mediated rapid magnon localisation and coalescence after ultrafast optical pumping of ferrimagnetic alloys
- 2019
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sub-picosecond magnetisation manipulation via femtosecond optical pumping has attracted wide attention ever since its original discovery in 1996. However, the spatial evolution of the magnetisation is not yet well understood, in part due to the difficulty in experimentally probing such rapid dynamics. Here, we find evidence of a universal rapid magnetic order recovery in ferrimagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via nonlinear magnon processes. We identify magnon localisation and coalescence processes, whereby localised magnetic textures nucleate and subsequently interact and grow in accordance with a power law formalism. A hydrodynamic representation of the numerical simulations indicates that the appearance of noncollinear magnetisation via optical pumping establishes exchange-mediated spin currents with an equivalent 100% spin polarised charge current density of 10 7 A cm −2 . Such large spin currents precipitate rapid recovery of magnetic order after optical pumping. The magnon processes discussed here provide new insights for the stabilization of desired meta-stable states.
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| 47. |
- Imbriani, G., et al.
(author)
-
The bottleneck of CNO burning and the age of Globular Clusters
- 2004
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 420:2, s. 625-629
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transition between the Main Sequence and the Red Giant Branch in low mass stars is powered by the onset of CNO burning, whose bottleneck is 14N(p, γ) 15O. The LUNA collaboration has recently improved the low energy measurements of the cross section of this key reaction. We analyse the impact of the revised reaction rate on the estimate of the Globular Cluster ages, as derived from the turnoff luminosity. We found that the age of the oldest Globular Clusters should be increased by about 0.7-1 Gyr with respect to the current estimates.
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| 48. |
- Leta, Tesfaye H., et al.
(author)
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Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement
- 2024
-
In: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 7:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Importanc eDespite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.
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| 49. |
- Lyssenko, Valeriya, et al.
(author)
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Pleiotropic Effects of GIP on Islet Function Involve Osteopontin
- 2011
-
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 60:9, s. 2424-2433
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-The incretin hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) promotes pancreatic beta-cell function by potentiating insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation. Recently, a combined analysis of several genome-wide association studies (Meta-analysis of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium [MAGIC]) showed association to postprandial insulin at the GIP receptor (GIPR) locus. Here we explored mechanisms that could explain the protective effects of GIP on islet function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Associations of GIPR rs10423928 with metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes in both nondiabetic (N = 53,730) and type 2 diabetic individuals (N = 2,731) were explored by combining data from 11 studies.Insulin secretion was measured both in vivo in nondiabetic subjects and in vitro in islets from cadaver donors. Insulin secretion was also measured in response to exogenous GIP. The in vitro measurements included protein and gene expression as well as measurements of beta-cell viability and proliferation. RESULTS-The A allele of GIPR rs10423928 was associated with impaired glucose- and GIP-stimulated insulin secretion and a decrease in BMI, lean body mass, and waist circumference. The decrease in BMI almost completely neutralized the effect of impaired insulin secretion on risk of type 2 diabetes. Expression of GIPR mRNA was decreased in human islets from carriers of the A allele or patients with type 2 diabetes. GIP stimulated osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression. OPN expression was lower in carriers of the A allele. Both GIP and OPN prevented cytokine-induced reduction in cell viability (apoptosis). In addition, OPN stimulated cell proliferation in insulin-secreting cells. CONCLUSIONS-These findings support beta-cell proliferative and antiapoptotic roles for GIP in addition to its action as an incretin hormone. Identification of a link between GIP and OPN may shed new light on the role of GIP in preservation of functional beta-cell mass in humans. Diabetes 60:2424-2433, 2011
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| 50. |
- Maccaferri, N., et al.
(author)
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Polarizability and magnetoplasmonic properties of magnetic general nanoellipsoids
- 2013
-
In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 21:8, s. 9875-9889
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An approach to compute the polarizability tensor of magnetic nanoparticles having general ellipsoidal shape is presented. We find a surprisingly excellent quantitative agreement between calculated and experimental magneto-optical spectra measured in the polar Kerr configuration from nickel nanodisks of large size (exceeding 100 nm) with circular and elliptical shape. In spite of its approximations and simplicity, the formalism presented here captures the essential physics of the interplay between magneto-optical activity and the plasmonic resonance of the individual particle. The results highlight the key role of the dynamic depolarization effects to account for the magneto-optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures.
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