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1.
  • Oonk, M. H. M., et al. (author)
  • Radiotherapy Versus Inguinofemoral Lymphadenectomy as Treatment for Vulvar Cancer Patients With Micrometastases in the Sentinel Node: Results of GROINSS-V II
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 39:32
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE The Groningen International Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V)-II investigated whether inguinofemoral radiotherapy is a safe alternative to inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) in vulvar cancer patients with a metastatic sentinel node (SN). METHODS GROINSS-V-II was a prospective multicenter phase-II single-arm treatment trial, including patients with early-stage vulvar cancer (diameter < 4 cm) without signs of lymph node involvement at imaging, who had primary surgical treatment (local excision with SN biopsy). Where the SN was involved (metastasis of any size), inguinofemoral radiotherapy was given (50 Gy). The primary end point was isolated groin recurrence rate at 24 months. Stopping rules were defined for the occurrence of groin recurrences. RESULTS From December 2005 until October 2016, 1,535 eligible patients were registered. The SN showed metastasis in 322 (21.0%) patients. In June 2010, with 91 SN-positive patients included, the stopping rule was activated because the isolated groin recurrence rate in this group went above our predefined threshold. Among 10 patients with an isolated groin recurrence, nine had SN metastases > 2 mm and/or extracapsular spread. The protocol was amended so that those with SN macrometastases (> 2 mm) underwent standard of care (IFL), whereas patients with SN micrometastases (<= 2 mm) continued to receive inguinofemoral radiotherapy. Among 160 patients with SN micrometastases, 126 received inguinofemoral radiotherapy, with an ipsilateral isolated groin recurrence rate at 2 years of 1.6%. Among 162 patients with SN macrometastases, the isolated groin recurrence rate at 2 years was 22% in those who underwent radiotherapy, and 6.9% in those who underwent IFL (P = .011). Treatment-related morbidity after radiotherapy was less frequent compared with IFL. CONCLUSION Inguinofemoral radiotherapy is a safe alternative for IFL in patients with SN micrometastases, with minimal morbidity. For patients with SN macrometastasis, radiotherapy with a total dose of 50 Gy resulted in more isolated groin recurrences compared with IFL. (C) 2021 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
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2.
  • Van der Kolk, W. L., et al. (author)
  • Unilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in patients with early-stage vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and a unilateral metastatic sentinel lymph node is safe
  • 2022
  • In: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 167:1, s. 3-10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective. Optimal management of the contralateral groin in patients with early-stage vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and a metastatic unilateral inguinal sentinel lymph node (SN) is unclear. We analyzed patients who participated in GROINSS-V I or II to determine whether treatment of the contralateral groin can safely be omitted in patients with a unilateral metastatic SN.Methods. We selected the patients with a unilateral metastatic SN from the GROINSS-V I and II databases. We determined the incidence of contralateral additional non-SN metastases in patients with unilateral SN-metastasis who underwent bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL). In those who underwent only ipsilateral groin treatment or no further treatment, we determined the incidence of contralateral groin recurrences during follow-up.Results. Of 1912 patients with early-stage VSCC, 366 had a unilateral metastatic SN. Subsequently, 244 had an IFL or no treatment of the contralateral groin. In seven patients (7/244; 2.9% [95% CI: 1.4%-5.8%]) disease was di-agnosed in the contralateral groin: five had contralateral non-SN metastasis at IFL and two developed an isolated contralateral groin recurrence after no further treatment. Five of them had a primary tumor >= 30 mm. Bilateral ra-diotherapy was administered in 122 patients, of whom one (1/122; 0.8% [95% CI: 0.1%-4.5%]) had a contralateral groin recurrence.Conclusion. The risk of contralateral lymph node metastases in patients with early-stage VSCC and a unilateral metastatic SN is low. It appears safe to limit groin treatment to unilateral IFL or inguinofemoral radiotherapy in these cases.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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3.
  • Dancet, Eline A F, et al. (author)
  • The Role of Scientists and Clinicians in Raising Public Support for Animal Research in Reproductive Biology and Medicine.
  • 2012
  • In: Biology of reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1529-7268 .- 0006-3363.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • It is important that researchers active in reproductive animal research, as a group, clearly and compassionately convey specific information to students, patients, and the general public on the merit and need for biomedical research using various formats and seek active support from patient organizations, universities, politicians, celebrities, the media, and international professional organizations related to human and animal health.
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4.
  • Niederberger, C., et al. (author)
  • Forty years of IVF
  • 2018
  • In: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282. ; 110:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This monograph, written by the pioneers of IVF and reproductive medicine, celebrates the history, achievements, and medical advancements made over the last 40 years in this rapidly growing field.
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5.
  • Freischmidt, Axel, et al. (author)
  • Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia
  • 2015
  • In: Nature Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 18:5, s. 631-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative syndrome hallmarked by adult-onset loss of motor neurons. We performed exome sequencing of 252 familial ALS (fALS) and 827 control individuals. Gene-based rare variant analysis identified an exome-wide significant enrichment of eight loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TBK1 (encoding TANK-binding kinase 1) in 13 fALS pedigrees. No enrichment of LoF mutations was observed in a targeted mutation screen of 1,010 sporadic ALS and 650 additional control individuals. Linkage analysis in four families gave an aggregate LOD score of 4.6. In vitro experiments confirmed the loss of expression of TBK1 LoF mutant alleles, or loss of interaction of the C-terminal TBK1 coiled-coil domain (CCD2) mutants with the TBK1 adaptor protein optineurin, which has been shown to be involved in ALS pathogenesis. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes ALS and fronto-temporal dementia.
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6.
  • Oonk, M. H. M., et al. (author)
  • European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Vulvar Cancer
  • 2017
  • In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 27:4, s. 832-837
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective The aim of this study was to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines as part of European Society of Gynaecological Oncology's mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecologic cancers across Europe. Methods The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Council nominated an international development group made of practicing clinicians who provide care to patients with vulvar cancer and have demonstrated leadership and interest in the management of patients with vulvar cancer (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the statements are evidence based, the current literature identified from a systematic search has been reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group (expert agreement). The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 181 international reviewers including patient representatives independent from the development group. Results The guidelines cover diagnosis and referral, preoperative investigations, surgical management (local treatment, groin treatment including sentinel lymph node procedure, reconstructive surgery), radiation therapy, chemoradiation, systemic treatment, treatment of recurrent disease (vulvar recurrence, groin recurrence, distant metastases), and follow-up.
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7.
  • Taran, F. A., et al. (author)
  • Screening and evaluation of potential recipients and donors for living donor uterus transplantation: results from a single-center observational study
  • 2019
  • In: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282. ; 111:1, s. 186-193
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: To report our experience with the screening and selection of potential recipients and living donors of our uterus transplantation (UTx) program. Design: Part of an observational program. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Patients with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). Intervention(s): Screening by e-mail and telephone, selection during surgical consultation, and preoperative investigations according to a multistep procedure for living donation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Age, cause of AUFI, exclusion reasons, and preoperative workup. Result(s): A total of 212 potential recipients expressed interest in participation. Among the 46 potential recipients and 49 directed donors were 4 potential recipients, each with 2 directed donors. Mean (range) age of potential recipients was 29.6 (19–41) years. Of the potential recipients, 39 (84.8%) had congenital AUFI and 7 (17.3%) had acquired AUFI. Ultimately, 15 potential recipients with 16 directed donors were selected for participation, with 1 potential recipient having 2 directed donors. Mean age of included potential recipients was 28.9 (22–35) years, and mean donor age was 51.3 (37–62) years. Fourteen potential recipients (93.3%) had congenital AUFI, and one potential recipient (6.7%) had undergone hysterectomy for obstetric complications. Conclusion(s): The number of potential candidates for UTx is not inconsiderable, with congenital AUFI being the leading cause of AUFI in our cohort. However, our findings highlight that large numbers of AUFI patients need to be screened, considering our exclusion rates were >50%, owing to ABO incompatibility, unavailability of a directed donor, and self-withdrawal. Moreover, meticulous preoperative screening, including in-depth psychological assessment, is mandatory to maximize living donor safety and UTx success. © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine
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8.
  • Akouri, Randa R., et al. (author)
  • First live birth after uterus transplantation in the Middle East
  • 2020
  • In: Middle East Fertility Society Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1110-5690 .- 2090-3251. ; 25:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background The first live birth after uterus transplantation took place in Sweden in 2014. It was the first ever cure for absolute uterine factor infertility. We report the surgery, assisted reproduction, and pregnancy behind the first live birth after uterus transplantation in the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey (MENAT) region. A 24-year old woman with congenital absence of the uterus underwent transplantation of the uterus donated by her 50-year-old multiparous mother. In vitro fertilization was performed to cryopreserve embryos. Both graft retrieval and transplantation were performed by laparotomy. Donor surgery included isolation of the uterus, together with major uterine arteries and veins on segments of the internal iliac vessels bilaterally, the round ligaments, and the sacrouterine ligaments, as well as with bladder peritoneum. Recipient surgery included preparation of the vaginal vault, end-to-side anastomosis to the external iliac arteries and veins on each side, and then fixation of the uterus. Results One in vitro fertilization cycle prior to transplantation resulted in 11 cryopreserved embryos. Surgical time of the donor was 608 min, and blood loss was 900 mL. Cold ischemia time was 85 min. Recipient surgical time was 363 min, and blood loss was 700 mL. Anastomosis time was 105 min. Hospital stay was 7 days for both patients. Ten months after the transplantation, one previously cryopreserved blastocyst was transferred which resulted in viable pregnancy, which proceeded normally (except for one episode of minor vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester) until cesarean section at 35 + 1 weeks due to premature contractions and shortened cervix. A healthy girl (Apgar 9-10-10) weighing 2620 g was born in January 2020, and her development has been normal during the first 6 months. Conclusions This is the first report of a healthy live birth after uterus transplantation in the MENAT region. We hope that this will motivate further progress and additional clinical trials in this area in the Middle East Region, where the first uterus transplantation attempt ever, however unsuccessful, was performed already three decades ago.
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9.
  • Al-Alem, L., et al. (author)
  • Neurotensin: A neuropeptide induced by hCG in the human and rat ovary during the periovulatory period
  • 2021
  • In: Biology of Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3363 .- 1529-7268. ; 104:6, s. 1337-1346
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Neurotensin (NTS) is a tridecapeptide that was first characterized as a neurotransmitter in neuronal cells. The present study examined ovarian NTS expression across the periovulatory period in the human and the rat. Women were recruited into this study and monitored by transvaginal ultrasound. The dominant follicle was surgically excised prior to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (preovulatory phase) or women were given 250 μg human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and dominant follicles collected 12-18 h after hCG (early ovulatory), 18-34 h (late ovulatory), and 44-70 h (postovulatory). NTS mRNA was massively induced during the early and late ovulatory stage in granulosa cells (GCs) (15 000 fold) and theca cells (700 fold). In the rat, hCG also induced Nts mRNA expression in intact ovaries and isolated GCs. In cultured granulosa-luteal cells (GLCs) from IVF patients, NTS expression was induced 6 h after hCG treatment, whereas in cultured rat GCs, NTS increased 4 h after hCG treatment. Cells treated with hCG signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that NTS expression is partially regulated in the human and rat GC by the epidermal-like growth factor pathway. Human GLC, and rat GCs also showed that Nts was regulated by the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway along with input from the phosphotidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The predominat NTS receptor present in human and rat GCs was SORT1, whereas NTSR1 and NTSR2 expression was very low. Based on NTS actions in other systems, we speculate that NTS may regulate crucial aspects of ovulation such as vascular permeability, inflammation, and cell migration. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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10.
  • Brucker, S. Y., et al. (author)
  • Living-Donor Uterus Transplantation: Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Parameters Relevant to Surgical Success, Pregnancy, and Obstetrics with Live Births
  • 2020
  • In: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 9:8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Uterus transplantation (UTx) can provide a route to motherhood for women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS), a congenital disorder characterized by uterovaginal aplasia, but with functional ovaries. Based on our four successful living-donor transplantations and two resulting births, this analysis presents parameters relevant to standardizing recipient/donor selection, UTx surgery, and postoperative treatment, and their implementation in routine settings. We descriptively analyzed prospectively collected observational data from our four uterus recipients, all with MRKHS, their living donors, and the two newborns born to two recipients, including 1-year postnatal follow-ups. Analysis included only living-donor/recipient pairs with completed donor/recipient surgery. Two recipients, both requiring ovarian restimulation under immunosuppression after missed pregnancy loss in one case and no pregnancy in the other, each delivered a healthy boy by cesarean section. We conclude that parameters crucial to successful transplantation, pregnancy, and childbirth include careful selection of donor/recipient pairs, donor organ quality, meticulous surgical technique, a multidisciplinary team approach, and comprehensive follow-up. Surgery duration and blood vessel selection await further optimization, as do the choice and duration of immunosuppression, which are crucial to timing the first embryo transfer. Data need to be collected in an international registry due to the low prevalence of MRKHS.
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11.
  • Brucker, S. Y., et al. (author)
  • Selecting living donors for uterus transplantation: lessons learned from two transplantations resulting in menstrual functionality and another attempt, aborted after organ retrieval
  • 2018
  • In: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-0067 .- 1432-0711. ; 297:3, s. 675-684
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To contribute to establishing donor selection criteria based on our experience with two successful living-donor human uterus transplantations (UTx) and an aborted attempt. This interventional study included three patients with uterine agenesis, aged 23, 34, and 23 years, scheduled for UTx, and their uterus-donating mothers, aged 46, 61, and 46 years, respectively. Interventions included preoperative investigations, donor surgery, back-table preparation, and recipient surgery. Preoperative imaging, surgical data, histopathology, menstrual pattern, and uterine blood flow were the main outcome measures. In the first case (46-year-old mother/23-year-old daughter), donor/recipient surgery took 12.12/5.95 h. Regular spontaneous menstruations started 6-week post-transplantation, continuing at 24-28-day intervals throughout the 6-month observation period. Repeated follow-up cervical biopsies showed no signs of rejection. In the second case (61-year-old donor), surgery lasted 13.10 h; attempts to flush the retrieved uterus failed due to extreme resistance of the left uterine artery (UA) and inability to perfuse the right UA. Transplantation was aborted to avoid graft vessel thrombosis or insufficient blood flow during potential pregnancy. Histopathology revealed intimal fibrosis and initial sclerosis (right UA), extensive intimal fibrosis (parametric arterial segments), and subtotal arterial stenosis (myometrial vascular network). In the third case (46-year-old mother/23-year-old daughter), donor/recipient surgery took 9.05/4.52 h. Menstruations started 6-week post-transplantation. Repeated cervical biopsies showed no signs of rejection during the initial 12-week follow-up period. Meticulous preoperative evaluation of potential living uterus donors is essential. This may include selective contrast-enhanced UA angiograms and limitation of donor age, at least in donors with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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12.
  • Estienne, A., et al. (author)
  • The endogenous hydrogen sulfide generating system regulates ovulation
  • 2019
  • In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-5849. ; 138, s. 43-52
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The generation of free-radicals such as nitric oxide has been implicated in the regulation of ovarian function, including ovulation. Tissues that generate nitric oxide typically generate another free-radical gas, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), although little is known about the role of H2S in ovarian function. The hypothesis of this study was that H2S regulates ovulation. Treatment with luteinizing hormone (LH) increased the levels of mRNA and protein of the H2S generating enzyme cystathionine.-lyase (CTH) in granulosa cells of mice and humans in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of H2S generating enzymes reduced the number of follicles ovulating in mice in vivo and in vitro, and this inhibitory action was reversed by cotreatment with a H2S donor. Addition of a H2S donor to cultured mouse granulosa cells increased basal and LH-dependent abundance of mRNA encoding amphiregulin, betacellulin and tumor necrosis alpha induced protein 6, proteins important for cumulus expansion and follicle rupture. Inhibition of CTH activity reduced abundance of mRNA encoding matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and cotreatment with the H2S donor increased the levels of these mRNA above those stimulated by LH alone. We conclude that the H2S generating system plays an important role in the propagation of the preovulatory cascade and rupture of the follicle at ovulation.
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13.
  • Liu, Jian, et al. (author)
  • Toxicity of familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutants from selective recruitment to spinal mitochondria
  • 2004
  • In: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 43:1, s. 5-17
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • One cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is mutation in ubiquitously expressed copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), but the mechanism of toxicity to motor neurons is unknown. Multiple disease-causing mutants, but not wild-type SOD1, are now demonstrated to be recruited to mitochondria, but only in affected tissues. This is independent of the copper chaperone for SOD1 and dismutase activity. Highly preferential association with spinal cord mitochondria is seen in human ALS for a mutant SOD1 that accumulates only to trace cytoplasmic levels. Despite variable proportions that are successfully imported, nearly constant amounts of SOD1 mutants and covalently damaged adducts of them accumulate as apparent import intermediates and/or are tightly aggregated or crosslinked onto integral membrane components on the cytoplasmic face of those mitochondria. These findings implicate damage from action of spinal cord-specific factors that recruit mutant SOD1 to spinal mitochondria as the basis for their selective toxicity in ALS.
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16.
  • Åberg, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via ph-responsive baba-mediated adherence
  • 2017
  • In: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 21:3, s. 376-389
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen and that bio-selection and changes in BabA binding properties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differences among individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H. pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H. pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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17.
  • Ayoubi, J. M., et al. (author)
  • Evolving clinical challenges in uterus transplantation
  • 2022
  • In: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-6483. ; 45:5, s. 947-960
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Before the first live birth following uterus transplantation (UTx) in 2014, the 1–2% of women with an absent or non-functional uterus had no hope of childbearing. With 64 cases of UTx and 34 births reported in the scientific literature, this emerging technology has the potential for translation into mainstream clinical practice. However, limitations currently include donor availability, recipient suitability, surgical challenges regarding success and complications, and recipient management after UTx and during pregnancy. This review considers these challenges and ways to overcome them so that UTx could become part of the reproductive specialist's armamentarium when counselling patients with uterine factor infertility.
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18.
  • Ayoubi, J. M., et al. (author)
  • Laparotomy or minimal invasive surgery in uterus transplantation: a comparison
  • 2019
  • In: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282. ; 112:1, s. 11-18
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the first available treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility, a condition due to absence of the uterus or presence of a non-functional uterus. The proof-of-concept of UTx as an infertility treatment for this group of patients occurred in 2014 in Sweden by the first birth after human UTx. That and subsequent cases of the Swedish trial were live-donor UTx procedures with laparotomy of both donor and recipient. Although results of the initial Swedish clinical UTx trial were very favorable in terms of take-home-baby rate, the drawback was the long duration (>10 h) of donor surgeries and associated long recovery periods. There exist three later publications, with uterus procurements from live donors by laparotomy with a range of surgical durations of 5.3 hours to 13 hours. Our collaborative Swedish-French team has initiated efforts to introduce minimal invasive surgery in one trial in Sweden and one in France. The principle of these UTx trials is to use modern concepts of robotic-assisted laparoscopy primarily in the live donor. There also exists a small number of published UTx procedures with donor surgery by partial conventional laparoscopy and one published case with total robotic-assisted laparoscopy procedure. This review discusses open versus minimal invasive surgery in relation to the accumulated knowledge in the field. Moreover, we propose some future directions for the development of this surgery in UTx. © 2019
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20.
  • Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al. (author)
  • Uterus transplantation: from research, through human trials and into the future
  • 2023
  • In: Human Reproduction Update. - 1355-4786. ; 29:5, s. 521-544
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Women suffering from absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) had no hope of childbearing until clinical feasibility of uterus transplantation (UTx) was documented in 2014 with the birth of a healthy baby. This landmark accomplishment followed extensive foundational work with a wide range of animal species including higher primates. In the present review, we provide a summary of the animal research and describe the results of cases and clinical trials on UTx. Surgical advances for graft removal from live donors and transplantation to recipients are improving, with a recent trend away from laparotomy to robotic approaches, although challenges persist regarding optimum immunosuppressive therapies and tests for graft rejection. Because UTx does not involve transplantation of the Fallopian tubes, IVF is required as part of the UTx process. We provide a unique focus on the intersection between these two processes, with consideration of when oocyte retrieval should be performed, whether, and for whom, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy should be used, whether oocytes or embryos should be frozen and when the first embryo transfer should be performed post-UTx. We also address the utility of an international society UTx (ISUTx) registry for assessing overall UTx success rates, complications, and live births. The long-term health outcomes of all parties involved-the uterus donor (if live donor), the recipient, her partner and any children born from the transplanted graft-are also reviewed. Unlike traditional solid organ transplantation procedures, UTx is not lifesaving, but is life-giving, although as with traditional types of transplantation, costs, and ethical considerations are inevitable. We discuss the likelihood that costs will decrease as efficiency and efficacy improve, and that ethical complexities for and against acceptability of the procedure sharpen the distinctions between genetic, gestational, and social parenthood. As more programs wish to offer the procedure, we suggest a scheme for setting up a UTx program as well as future directions of this rapidly evolving field. In our 2010 review, we described the future of clinical UTx based on development of the procedure in animal models. This Grand Theme Review offers a closing loop to this previous review of more than a decade ago. The clinical feasibility of UTx has now been proved. Advancements include widening the criteria for acceptance of donors and recipients, improving surgery, shortening time to pregnancy, and improving post-UTx management. Together, these improvements catalyze the transition of UTx from experimental into mainstream clinical practice. The procedure will then represent a realistic and accessible alternative to gestational surrogacy for the treatment of AUFI and should become part of the armamentarium of reproductive specialists worldwide.
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21.
  • Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al. (author)
  • Uterus transplantation worldwide: clinical activities and outcomes
  • 2021
  • In: Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1087-2418 .- 1531-7013. ; 26:6, s. 616-626
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose of review Women with absolute uterine factor infertility, because of uterine absence, or the presence of a nonfunctional uterus, were regarded as being untreatable until 2014 when the first birth following uterus transplantation (UTx) took place in Sweden. This proof-of-concept occurred in a woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHs) with congenital uterine absence, who received a uterus from a 61-year-old live donor (LD). Since then, several births after UTx have occurred in Sweden and subsequently in other countries, including both LD and deceased donor (DD) transplants. A great majority of the recipients were women with MRKHs. The efficiency and safety of UTx can be determined only when a complete study cohort of transplanted women have reached the definitive endpoint of graft hysterectomy. The different outcomes of transplanted women include graft failure, as well as graft survival with failure to achieve livebirth, or livebirth(s). Published data from a completed trial are not yet available. The results that we have to rely on are reports of completed surgeries and interim outcomes that may be as early as a few months after surgery and up to several years after UTx. The purpose of this review is to give an update on all published clinical UTx data and major results, including live births up to mid 2021. Recent findings The interim results of a number of UTx studies have been published. LD UTx procedures have been reported from four European countries (Sweden, the Czech Republic, Germany, Spain), four Asian nations (Saudi Arabia, India, China, Lebanon), as well as some from the USA. DD UTx procedures have been reported from Turkey, the Czech Republic, the USA and Brazil. To our knowledge, there also exist unpublished UTx cases from some of the countries mentioned above and from at least four other countries (Serbia, France, Mexico, Italy). We estimate that at least 80 UTx procedures have been performed, resulting in more than 40 births. The present study includes only data from published, peer-reviewed, research papers. The results of 62 UTx cases show an overall surgical success rate, as defined by a technically successful transplantation with a subsequent regular menstrual pattern, of 76%. The success rates for LD and DD UTx procedures were 78% and 64%, respectively. The rate of serious postsurgical complications requiring invasive or radiological intervention was 18% for LDs and 19% for recipients. The cumulative live birth rate in successful UTx procedures is estimated to be above 80%. Twenty-four births after UTx have been reported and the results show a high rate of preterm birth, with an associated high proportion of respiratory distress syndrome. UTx has proven to be a successful treatment for uterine factor infertility at several centers around the world. The modest success rate and the fairly high complication rate among LDs, indicate that further research and development under strict governance are needed before this option should be widely offered.
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24.
  • Carbonnel, M., et al. (author)
  • Adapting surgical skills from robotic-assisted radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer to uterine transplantation: a look to an optimistic future!
  • 2020
  • In: Journal of Robotic Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1863-2483 .- 1863-2491. ; 14, s. 841-847
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the first treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. The first birth after human UTx in Sweden occurred in 2014 and very favourable results of the Swedish trial performed with laparotomy raised great hope. Several teams are leading their own trial among the world, but UTx is still in its experimental phase. Surgical intervention needs to be optimized. The long surgical duration (> 10 h), vascular dissection and risks of ureteral damages for live donors are major drawbacks. Minimal invasive surgery by means of robotic-assisted laparoscopy for live donors could become an improved option. Our collaborative Swedish-French team has initiated efforts to introduce minimal invasive surgery in one trial in Sweden and one in France. UTx is somewhat similar to a radical colpohysterectomy for arterial dissection. We describe a robotic-assisted radical colpohysterectomy and its transposition to uterus retrieval in a living donor. We report our experience on nine cases that were completed prior to our French UTx robot-assisted trial.
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25.
  • Castellón, L. A. R., et al. (author)
  • The history behind successful uterine transplantation in humans
  • 2017
  • In: Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida. - : GN1 Genesis Network. - 1517-5693. ; 21:2, s. 126-134
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper aimed to describe the basic aspects of uterine transplant (UTx) research in humans, including preliminary experiences in rodents and domestic species. Studies in rats, domestic species, and non-human primates validated and optimized the UTx procedure in terms of its surgical aspects, immunosuppression, rejection diagnosis, peculiarities of pregnancy in immunosuppressed patients, and patients with special uterine conditions. In animal species, the first live birth from UTx was achieved in a syngeneic mouse model in 2003. Twenty-five UTx procedures have been performed in humans. The first two cases were unsuccessful, but established the need for rigorous research to improve success rates. As a result of a controlled clinical study under a strictly designed research protocol, nine subsequent UTx procedures have resulted in six healthy live births, the first of them in 2014. Further failed UTx procedures have been performed in China, Czech Republic, Brazil, Germany, and the United States, most of which using living donors. Albeit still an experimental procedure in, UTx is the first potential alternative for the treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). © 2017, Sociedade Brasileira de Reproducao Assistida. All rights reserved.
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26.
  • Duffy, D. M., et al. (author)
  • Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes
  • 2019
  • In: Endocrine Reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 40:2, s. 369-416
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The midcycle surge of LH sets in motion interconnected networks of signaling cascades to bring about rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte during ovulation. Many mediators of these LH-induced signaling cascades are associated with inflammation, leading to the postulate that ovulation is similar to an inflammatory response. First responders to the LH surge are granulosa and theca cells, which produce steroids, prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, which are also mediators of inflammatory processes. These mediators, in turn, activate both nonimmune ovarian cells as well as resident immune cells within the ovary; additional immune cells are also attracted to the ovary. Collectively, these cells regulate proteolytic pathways to reorganize the follicular stroma, disrupt the granulosa cell basal lamina, and facilitate invasion of vascular endothelial cells. LH-induced mediators initiate cumulus expansion and cumulus oocyte complex detachment, whereas the follicular apex undergoes extensive extracellular matrix remodeling and a loss of the surface epithelium. The remainder of the follicle undergoes rapid angiogenesis and functional differentiation of granulosa and theca cells. Ultimately, these functional and structural changes culminate in follicular rupture and oocyte release. Throughout the ovulatory process, the importance of inflammatory responses is highlighted by the commonalities and similarities between many of these events associated with ovulation and inflammation. However, ovulation includes processes that are distinct from inflammation, such as regulation of steroid action, oocyte maturation, and the eventual release of the oocyte. This review focuses on the commonalities between inflammatory responses and the process of ovulation.
  •  
27.
  • Ericsson, M., et al. (author)
  • First medical contact in the pre-hospital phase of a myocardial infarction, the interaction between callers and tele-nurses impacts action and level of care
  • 2018
  • In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39, s. 1120-1120
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Background: Pre-hospital delay in myocardial infarction (MI) patients' is of great concern. The total ischemic time, i.e., between symptom onset and reperfusion therapy is the most important factor to achieve best possible outcome. One reason for patient delay is choice of first medical Contact (FMC), still not everyone contact the emergency medical services. A previous Swedish cross-sectional multicentre study found that every fifth patient with an evolving ST elevated MI (STEMI) contacted an advisement tele-nurse intended for non-life-threatening situations as FMC. This caused a median difference in delay of 38 min from symptom onset to diagnosis. Advisement tele-nursing is an expanding actor in the Swedish healthcare system, as in some other Western nations.Purpose: The aim was to explore the communication between tele-nurses and callers when MI patients called a national health advisement number as FMC.Method: This study had a qualitative approach. We received access to 30 authentic calls. The recordings lasted between 0:39 minutes to 16:44 minutes, transcribed verbatim and analysed with content analysis. The following questions were applied to the transcript: (1) How do the callers communicate their symptom and context (2) How do the tele-nurses respond and which level of care was directed (3) Do the callers get an advice and what action do they take.Result: One third of the callers were female, aged 46–89 years, six were diagnosed with NSTEMI and 24 with STEMI. All tele-nurses were females. The calls followed a structure of three phases, opening-, orienting- and end-phase. The first phase was non-interfered, where the caller communicated their context and/or symptoms and tele-nurses adopt an active listening position, followed by two interactive phases. Four categories defined the interaction in the communication, indecisive, irrational, distinct or reasoning. The different interactions illustrated how tele-nurses and callers assessed and elaborated upon symptom, context and furthermore expressed the process in the dialogue. Type of interaction was pivotal for progress in the call and had impact on the communicative process either sufficient in reaching a mutual understanding or not. An indecisive or irrational interaction could increase risk of acute care not being recommended. A non explicit explanation, why it is of importance to seek acute care could lead caller to ignore the advice.Conclusion: Both communicative and medical skills are needed to identify level of urgency. Our study suggests that the interaction in the communication categorised in four types, indecisive, irrational or distinct or reasoning can mislead level of care directed as well as a disability to express the need of acute care. This knowledge adds new perspective and hopefully will our findings be useful to deepen our knowledge in identifying MI patients and in a broader sense improve educational efforts and diminsh delay.
  •  
28.
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29.
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30.
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31.
  • Herlin, M. K., et al. (author)
  • Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: A comprehensive update
  • 2020
  • In: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1750-1172. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, also referred to as Müllerian aplasia, is a congenital disorder characterized by aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal secondary sex characteristics and a normal female karyotype (46,XX). Main body: The diagnosis is often made during adolescence following investigations for primary amenorrhea and has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 live female births. MRKH syndrome is classified as type I (isolated uterovaginal aplasia) or type II (associated with extragenital manifestations). Extragenital anomalies typically include renal, skeletal, ear, or cardiac malformations. The etiology of MRKH syndrome still remains elusive, however increasing reports of familial clustering point towards genetic causes and the use of various genomic techniques has allowed the identification of promising recurrent genetic abnormalities in some patients. The psychosexual impact of having MRKH syndrome should not be underestimated and the clinical care foremost involves thorough counselling and support in careful dialogue with the patient. Vaginal agenesis therapy is available for mature patients following therapeutical counselling and education with non-invasive vaginal dilations recommended as first-line therapy or by surgery. MRKH syndrome involves absolute uterine factor infertility and until recently, the only option for the patients to achieve biological motherhood was through gestational surrogacy, which is prohibited in most countries. However, the successful clinical trial of uterus transplantation (UTx) by a Swedish team followed by the first live-birth in September, 2014 in Gothenburg, proofed the first available fertility treatment in MRKH syndrome and UTx is now being performed in other countries around the world allowing women with MRKH syndrome to carry their own child and achieve biological motherhood. Conclusion: Several advances in research across multiple disciplines have been made in the recent years and this kaleidoscopic review provides a current status of various key aspects in MRKH syndrome and provides perspectives for future research and improved clinical care. © 2020 The Author(s).
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32.
  • McCarthy, Bridget J, et al. (author)
  • Risk factors for oligodendroglial tumors : A pooled international study
  • 2011
  • In: Neuro-Oncology. - Charlottesville, VA : Carden Jennings Pub.. - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 13:2, s. 242-250
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Oligodendroglial tumors are rare subtypes of brain tumors and are often combined with other glial tumors in epidemiological analyses. However, different demographic associations and clinical characteristics suggest potentially different risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible risk factors for oligodendroglial tumors (including oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and mixed glioma). Data from 7 case-control studies (5 US and 2 Scandinavian) were pooled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age group, gender, and study site. Data on 617 cases and 1260 controls were available for analyses. Using data from all 7 studies, history of allergies and/or asthma was associated with a decreased risk of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), and history of asthma only was associated with a decreased risk of oligodendroglioma (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.9). A family history of brain tumors was associated with an increased risk of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). Having had chicken pox was associated with a decreased risk of oligodendroglioma (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) in the US studies. Although there is some overlap in risk factors between oligodendroglial tumors and gliomas as a group, it is likely that additional factors specific to oligodendroglial tumors have yet to be identified. Large, multi-institution international studies will be necessary to better characterize these etiological risk factors.
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33.
  • Puttabyatappa, M., et al. (author)
  • Ovarian Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases: Induction of MMP14 and MMP16 During the Periovulatory Period in the Rat, Macaque, and Human
  • 2014
  • In: Biology of Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3363 .- 1529-7268. ; 91:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • An intrafollicular increase in proteolytic activity drives ovulatory events. Surprisingly, the periovulatory expression profile of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs), unique proteases anchored to the cell surface, has not been extensively examined. Expression profiles of the MT-MMPs were investigated in ovarian tissue from well-characterized rat and macaque periovulatory models and naturally cycling women across the periovulatory period. Among the six known MT-MMPs, mRNA expression of Mmp14, Mmp16, and Mmp25 was increased after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in rats. In human granulosa cells, mRNA expression of MMP14 and MMP16 increased following hCG treatment. In contrast, mRNA levels of MMP16 and MMP25 in human theca cells were unchanged before ovulation but declined by the postovulatory stage. In macaque granulosa cells, hCG increased mRNA for MMP16 but not MMP14. Immunoblotting showed that protein levels of MMP14 and MMP16 in rats increased, similar to their mRNA expression. In macaque granulosa cells, only the active form of the MMP14 protein increased after hCG, unlike its mRNA or the proprotein. By immunohistochemistry, both MMP14 and MMP16 localized to the different ovarian cell types in rats and humans. Treatment with hCG resulted in intense immunoreactivity of MMP14 and MMP16 proteins in the granulosa and theca cells. The present study shows that MMP14 and MMP16 are increased by hCG administration in the ovulating follicle, demonstrating that these MMPs are conserved among rats, macaques, and humans. These findings suggest that MT-MMPs could have an important role in promoting ovulation and remodeling of the ovulated follicle into the corpus luteum.
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34.
  • Stegmayr, Bernd, et al. (author)
  • Low-dose atorvastatin in severe chronic kidney disease patients : a randomized, controlled endpoint study
  • 2005
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 39:6, s. 489-497
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective. There have been no endpoint studies with statins for patients with severe renal failure. The purpose of this prospective, open, randomized, controlled study was to investigate whether atorvastatin (10 mg/day) would alter cardiovascular endpoints and the overall mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min).Material and methods. The study subjects comprised 143 patients who were randomized either to placebo (controls; n=73; mean age 69.5 years) or to treatment with atorvastatin (n=70; mean age 67.9 years). The patients included were either non-dialysis (n=33), haemodialysis (n=97) or peritoneal dialysis (n=13) patients. Analysis focused on the primary endpoints of all-cause mortality, non-lethal acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Statistical analysis for endpoint data was mainly by intention-to-treat.Results. Primary endpoints occurred in 74% of the subjects. There was no difference in outcome between the control and atorvastatin groups. The 5-year endpoint-free survival rate from study entry was 20%. Atorvastatin was withdrawn in 20% of patients due to unacceptable side-effects. In the atorvastatin group, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced by 35% at 1 month and then sustained. The controls showed a progressive reduction in LDL cholesterol until 36 months.Conclusions. Although atorvastatin reduced total and LDL cholesterol effectively it was not beneficial regarding the long-term outcomes of cardiovascular endpoints or survival. In contrast to other patient groups, patients with severe chronic kidney disease, especially those on dialysis, seem to derive limited benefit from this lower dose of atorvastatin.
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35.
  • Strunz, B., et al. (author)
  • Continuous human uterine NK cell differentiation in response to endometrial regeneration and pregnancy
  • 2021
  • In: Science Immunology. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2470-9468. ; 6:56
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Immune cell differentiation is critical for adequate tissue-specific immune responses to occur. Here, we studied differentiation of human uterine natural killer cells (uNK cells). These cells reside in a tissue undergoing constant regeneration and represent the major leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. However, their physiological response during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy remains elusive. By surface proteome and transcriptome analysis as well as using humanized mice, we identify a differentiation pathway of uNK cells in vitro and in vivo with sequential acquisition of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and CD39. uNK cell differentiation occurred continuously in response to the endometrial regeneration and was driven by interleukin-15. Differentiated uNK cells displayed reduced proliferative capacity and immunomodulatory function including enhanced angiogenic capacity. By studying human uterus transplantation and monozygotic twins, we found that the uNK cell niche could be replenished from circulation and that it was under genetic control. Together, our study uncovers a continuous differentiation pathway of human NK cells in the uterus that is coupled to profound functional changes in response to local tissue regeneration and pregnancy.
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36.
  • Szalewska-Palasz, Agnieszka, et al. (author)
  • Properties of RNA polymerase bypass mutants : implications for the role of ppGpp and its co-factor DksA in controlling transcription dependent on sigma54.
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 282:25, s. 18046-56
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The bacterial nutritional and stress alarmone ppGpp and its co-factor DksA directly bind RNA polymerase to regulate its activity at certain sigma70-dependent promoters. A number of promoters that are dependent on alternative sigma-factors function poorly in the absence of ppGpp. These include the Pseudomonas-derived sigma54-dependent Po promoter and several other sigma54-promoters, the transcription from which is essentially abolished in Escherichia coli devoid of ppGpp and DksA. However, ppGpp and DksA have no apparent effect on reconstituted in vitro sigma54-transcription, which suggests an indirect mechanism of control. Here we report analysis of five hyper-suppressor mutants within the beta- and beta'-subunits of core RNA polymerase that allow high levels of transcription from the sigma54-Po promoter in the absence of ppGpp. Using in vitro transcription and competition assays, we present evidence that these core RNA polymerase mutants are defective in one or both of two properties that could combine to explain their hyper-suppressor phenotypes: (i) modulation of competitive association with sigma-factors to favor sigma54-holoenzyme formation over that with sigma70, and (ii) reduced innate stability of RNA polymerase-promoter complexes, which mimics the essential effects of ppGpp and DksA for negative regulation of stringent sigma70-promoters. Both these properties of the mutant holoenzymes support a recently proposed mechanism for regulation of sigma54-transcription that depends on the potent negative effects of ppGpp and DksA on transcription from powerful stringent sigma70-promoters, and suggests that stringent regulation is a key mechanism by which the activity of alternative sigma-factors is controlled to meet cellular requirements.
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37.
  • Ahmadi, Mahboobah, et al. (author)
  • Human extraocular muscles in ALS
  • 2010
  • In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 51:7, s. 3494-3501
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE. To investigate the general morphology, fiber type content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from postmortem donors with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to evaluate whether EOMs are affected or truly spared in this disease. METHODS. EOM and limb muscle samples obtained at autopsy from ALS donors and EOM samples from four control donors were processed for immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against distinct MyHC isoforms and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining and nicotinamide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity were studied. RESULTS. Wide heterogeneity was observed in the appearance of the different EOMs from each single donor and between donors, irrespective of ALS type or onset. Pathologic morphologic findings in ALS EOMs included presence of atrophic and hypertrophic fibers, either clustered in groups or scattered; increased amounts of connective tissue; and areas of fatty replacement. The population of fibers stained with anti-MyHCslow tonic was smaller than that of MyHCIpositive fibers and was mostly located in the orbital layer in most of the ALS EOM samples, whereas an identical staining pattern for both fiber populations was observed in the control specimens. MyHCembryonic was notably absent from the ALS EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The EOMs showed signs of involvement with altered fiber type composition, contractile protein content, and cellular architecture. However, when compared to the limb muscles, the EOMs were remarkably preserved. EOMs are a useful model for the study of the pathophysiology of ALS.
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38.
  • Ahrén, K, et al. (author)
  • Histamine stimulates progesterone synthesis and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in isolated preovulatory rat follicles
  • 1987
  • In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 46:1, s. 69-74
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The effect of histamine on progesterone synthesis and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation was studied in superfused and incubated follicles dissected free from immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). Histamine, like LH, increased the progesterone synthesis, but to a smaller extent. The H2-antagonist, cimetidine, inhibited completely the histamine-induced progesterone increase while the H1-antagonist, pyrilamine, as well as propranolol and atropine did not affect the initial response but modified its duration. The specific H2-agonist, 4-methylhistamine, but not the H1-agonist, 2-methylhistamine, mimicked the effect of histamine on progesterone synthesis. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX, histamine increased tissue levels of cAMP. These results suggest that histamine stimulates progesterone synthesis via the H2-receptor with cAMP acting as secondary intracellular messenger.
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39.
  • Alshaikh, Ahmed Baker, et al. (author)
  • Decellularization and recellularization of the ovary for bioengineering applications; studies in the mouse.
  • 2020
  • In: Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7827. ; 18:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Fertility preservation is particularly challenging in young women diagnosed with hematopoietic cancers, as transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortex in these women carries the risk for re-introducing cancer cells. Therefore, the construction of a bioengineered ovary that can accommodate isolated small follicles was proposed as an alternative to minimize the risk of malignancy transmission. Various options for viable bioengineered scaffolds have been reported in the literature. Previously, we reported three protocols for producing mouse ovarian scaffolds with the decellularization technique. The present study examined these scaffolds further, specifically with regards to their extracellular composition, biocompatibility and ability to support recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells.Three decellularization protocols based on 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (Protocol 1; P1), or 2% sodium deoxycholate (P2), or a combination of the two detergents (P3) were applied to produce three types of scaffolds. The levels of collagen, elastin and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) were quantified in the remaining extracellular matrix. Detailed immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy imaging were conducted to assess the morphology and recellularization efficiency of the constructs after 14days in vitro utilizing red fluorescent protein-labelled mesenchymal stem cells.All protocols efficiently removed the DNA while the elastin content was not significantly reduced during the procedures. The SDS-protocol (P1) reduced the sGAG and the collagen content more than the SDC-protocol (P2). All scaffolds were biocompatible and recellularization was successful, particularly in several P2-derived scaffolds. The cells were extensively distributed throughout the constructs, with a denser distribution observed towards the ovarian cortex. The cell density was not significantly different (400 to 550 cells/mm2) between scaffold types. However, there was a tendency towards a higher cell density in the SDC-derived constructs. Scanning electron microscope images showed fibrous scaffolds with a dense repopulated surface structure.While there were differences in the key structural macromolecules between protocols, all scaffolds were biocompatible and showed effective recellularization. The results indicate that our SDC-protocol might be better than our SDS-protocol. However, additional studies are necessary to determine their suitability for attachment of small follicles and folliculogenesis.
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40.
  • Alshaikh, Ahmed Baker, et al. (author)
  • Decellularization of the mouse ovary: comparison of different scaffold generation protocols for future ovarian bioengineering.
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of ovarian research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-2215. ; 12:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In order to preserve fertility in young women with disseminated cancer, e.g. leukemia, an approach that has been suggested is to retransplant isolated small follicles within an ovarian matrix free from malignant cells and with no risk for contamination. The present study evaluates the first step to create a bioengineered ovarian construct that can act as growth-supporting tissue for isolated small follicles that are dependent on a stroma for normal follicular maturation. The present study used the intact mouse ovary to develop a mouse ovarian scaffold through various protocols of decellularization.Potential Immunogenic DNA and intracellular components were removed from whole mouse ovaries by agitation in a 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (Protocol 1; P1), or in a 2% sodium deoxycholate solution (P2) or by a combination of the two (P3). The remaining decelluralized ovarian extracellular matrix structure was then assessed based on the DNA- and protein content, and was further evaluated histologically by haematoxylin and eosin-, Verhoeff's van gieson- (for elastin), Masson's trichrome- (for collagens) and Alcian blue (for glycosaminoglycans) staining. We also evaluated the decellularization efficiency using the mild detergent Triton-X100 (1%).Sodium dodecyl sulfate efficiently removed DNA and intracellular components from the ovarian tissue but also significantly reduced the integrity of the remaining ovarian extracellular matrix. Sodium deoxycholate, a considerably milder detergent compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate, preserved the ovarian extracellular matrix better, evident by a more distinct staining for glycosaminoglycan, collagen and elastic fibres. Triton-X100 was found ineffective as a decellularization reagent for mouse ovaries in our settings.The sodium dodecyl sulfate generated ovarian scaffolds contained minute amounts of DNA that may be an advantage to evade a detrimental immune response following engraftment. The sodium deoxycholate generated ovarian scaffolds had higher donor DNA content, yet, retained the extracellular composition better and may therefore have improved recellularization and other downstream bioengineering applications. These two novel types of mouse ovarian scaffolds serve as promising scaffold-candidates for future ovarian bioengineering experiments.
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41.
  • Back, Erik, et al. (author)
  • Mucosal blood flow in the remaining rectal stump is more affected by total than partial mesorectal excision in patients undergoing anterior resection : a key to understanding differing rates of anastomotic leakage?
  • 2021
  • In: Langenbeck's archives of surgery (Print). - : Springer. - 1435-2443 .- 1435-2451. ; 406:6, s. 1971-1977
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Anterior resection is the procedure of choice for tumours in the mid and upper rectum. Depending on tumour height, a total mesorectal excision (TME) or partial mesorectal excision (PME) can be performed. Low anastomoses in particular have a high risk of developing anastomotic leakage, which might be explained by blood perfusion compromise. A pilot study indicated a worse blood flow in TME patients in an open setting. The aim of this study was to further evaluate perianastomotic blood perfusion changes in relation to TME and PME in a predominantly laparoscopic context.METHOD: In this prospective cohort study, laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate the perianastomotic colonic and rectal perfusion before and after surgery. The two surgical techniques were compared in terms of mean differences of perfusion units using a repeated measures ANOVA design, which also enabled interaction analyses between type of mesorectal excision and location of measurement. Anastomotic leakage until 90 days after surgery was reported for descriptive purposes.RESULTS: Some 28 patients were available for analysis: 17 TME and 11 PME patients. TME patients had a reduced blood perfusion postoperatively compared to PME patients in the aboral posterior area (mean difference: -57 vs 18 perfusion units; p = 0.010). An interaction between mesorectal excision type and anterior/posterior location was detected at the aboral level (p = 0.007). Two patients developed a minor leakage, diagnosed after discharge.CONCLUSION: Patients operated on using TME have a decreased blood flow in the aboral posterior quadrant of the rectum postoperatively compared to patients operated on using PME. This might explain differing rates of anastomotic leakage.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02401100.
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42.
  • Beeres, D., et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of the Swedish school-based program “tobacco-free DUO” in a cluster randomized controlled trial (TOPAS study). Results at 2-year follow-up
  • 2022
  • In: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 155
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Friends' and parents' tobacco use are strong predictors of tobacco uptake among adolescents, however the effectiveness of interventions based on public commitments and agreements to remain tobacco-free are not established. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the school-based Swedish program Tobacco-Free Duo (T-Duo) in preventing adolescents from initiating tobacco use (TOPAS study). T-Duo is a multi-component intervention witha formal agreement between a student and an adult partner to remain tobacco-free during the entire 3-year study period as core component. The standardized educational component of the same program was used as comparator (control). Primary outcome was the probability to “remain a non-user” of i) cigarettes and secondary outcomes ii) other types of tobacco at second (21-month) follow-up. Analysis was conducted according to Intention To Treat. In total 1776 adolescents (51% female) aged 12–13 in grade 7 from 34 participating high schools in Sweden were included at baseline in 2018, of which 1489 were retained after 21 months. The Risk Ratio (RR) of not having tried cigarettes 21-months after initiation of the intervention was 1.03(CI 0.98–1.08), Bayes Factor(BF) = 0.93, Absolute Risk Difference(ARD) = 3.1%. Similar associations were found for never smoked a whole cigarette and never use of other tobacco/nicotine products. There was a minimal reduction of tobacco use initiation among Swedish adolescents assigned to a multi-component intervention (T-Duo) compared to those assigned to standardized classroom education after 2 schoolyears. However, for most outcomes' findings were inconclusive and not reliably different from zero. Trial registration: ISRCTN5285808 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN52858080); Study protocol: DERR1-https://doi.org/10.2196/21100. Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52858080 Date: January 4, 2019, retrospectively registered. Protocol: Galanti, M.R., Pulkki-Brännström, A.-M., Nilsson, M., 2020. Tobacco-free duo adult-child contract for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents and parents: protocol for a mixed-design evaluation. JMIR Res. Protoc. 9, e21100. doi:10.2196/21100. © 2021
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43.
  • Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Changes in the spinal cord proteome of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis murine model determined by differential in-gel electrophoresis
  • 2009
  • In: Molecular and cellular proteomics. - : The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Inc. - 1535-9484. ; 8:6, s. 1306-1317
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons resulting in progressive paralysis. To date, more than 140 different mutations in the gene encoding CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been associated with ALS. Several transgenic murine models exist in which various mutant SOD1s are expressed. We have used differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to analyze the changes in the spinal cord proteome induced by expression of the unstable SOD1 truncation mutant G127insTGGG (G127X) in mice. Unlike mutants used in most other models, G127X lacks SOD activity and is present at low levels, thus reducing the risk of overexpression artifacts. The mice were analyzed at their peak body weights, just before onset of symptoms. Variable importance plot (VIP) analysis showed that 420 of 1,800 detected protein spots contributed significantly to the differences between the groups. By MALDI-TOF MS analysis, 54 proteins were identified. One spot was found to be a covalently linked mutant SOD1 dimer, apparently analogous to SOD1 immunoreactive bands migrating at double the molecular weight of SOD1 monomers previously detected in humans and mice carrying mutant SOD1s and in sporadic ALS cases. Analyses of affected functional pathways, and the subcellular representation of alterations suggest that the toxicity exerted by mutant SODs induces oxidative stress and affects mitochondria, cellular assembly/organization, and protein degradation.
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44.
  • Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Overloading of stable and exclusion of unstable human superoxide dismutase-1 variants in mitochondria of murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models
  • 2006
  • In: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 26:16, s. 4147-4154
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mutants of human superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mitochondria are thought to be primary targets of the cytotoxic action. The high expression rates of hSOD1s in transgenic ALS models give high levels of the stable mutants G93A and D90A as well as the wild-type human enzyme, significant proportions of which lack Cu and the intrasubunit disulfide bond. The endogenous murine SOD1 (mSOD1) also lacks Cu and is disulfide reduced but is active and oxidized in mice expressing the low-level unstable mutants G85R and G127insTGGG. The possibility that the molecular alterations may cause artificial loading of the stable hSOD1s into mitochondria was explored. Approximately 10% of these hSOD1s were localized to mitochondria, reaching levels 100-fold higher than those of mSOD1 in control mice. There was no difference between brain and spinal cord and between stable mutants and the wild-type hSOD1. mSOD1 was increased fourfold in mitochondria from high-level hSOD1 mice but was normal in those with low levels, suggesting that the Cu deficiency and disulfide reduction cause mitochondrial overloading. The levels of G85R and G127insTGGG mutant hSOD1s in mitochondria were 100- and 1000-fold lower than those of stable mutants. Spinal cords from symptomatic mice contained hSOD1 aggregates covering the entire density gradient, which could contaminate isolated organelle fractions. Thus, high hSOD1 expression rates can cause artificial loading of mitochondria. Unstable low-level hSOD1s are excluded from mitochondria, indicating other primary locations of injury. Such models may be preferable for studies of ALS pathogenesis.
  •  
45.
  • Bergemalm, Daniel, et al. (author)
  • Superoxide dismutase-1 and other proteins in inclusions from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 114:2, s. 408-418
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through a cytotoxic mechanism of unknown nature. A hallmark in ALS patients and transgenic mouse models carrying human SOD1 (hSOD1) mutations are hSOD1-immunoreactive inclusions in spinal cord ventral horns. The hSOD1 inclusions may block essential cellular functions or cause toxicity through sequestering of other proteins. Inclusions from four different transgenic mouse models were examined after density gradient ultracentrifugation. The inclusions are complex structures with heterogeneous densities and are disrupted by detergents. The aggregated hSOD1 was mainly composed of subunits that lacked the native stabilizing intra-subunit disulfide bond. A proportion of subunits formed hSOD1 oligomers or was bound to other proteins through disulfide bonds. Dense inclusions could be isolated and the protein composition was analyzed using proteomic techniques. Mutant hSOD1 accounted for half of the protein. Ten other proteins were identified. Two were cytoplasmic chaperones, four were cytoskeletal proteins, and 4 were proteins that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The presence of ER proteins in inclusions containing the primarily cytosolic hSOD1 further supports the notion that ER stress is involved in ALS.
  •  
46.
  • Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Superoxide dismutase-1 and other proteins in inclusions from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through a cytotoxic mechanism of unknown nature. A hallmark in ALS patients and transgenic mouse models carrying human SOD1 (hSOD1) mutations are hSOD1-immunoreactive inclusions in spinal cord ventral horns. The hSOD1 inclusions may block essential cellular functions or cause toxicity through sequestering of other proteins. Inclusions from 4 different transgenic mouse models were examined after density gradient ultracentrifugation. The inclusions are complex structures with heterogeneous densities and are disrupted by detergents. The aggregated hSOD1 was mainly composed of subunits that lacked the native stabilizing intrasubunit disulfide bond. A proportion of subunits formed hSOD1 oligomers or was bound to other proteins through disulfide bonds. Dense inclusions could be isolated and the protein composition was analyzed using proteomic techniques. Mutant hSOD1 accounted for half of the protein. Ten other proteins were identified. Two were cytoplasmic chaperones, 4 were cytoskeletal proteins, and 4 were proteins that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The presence of ER proteins in inclusions containing the primarily cytosolic hSOD1 further supports the notion that ER stress is involved in ALS.
  •  
47.
  • Bergh, Johan, 1983-, et al. (author)
  • Structural and kinetic analysis of protein-aggregate strains in vivo using binary epitope mapping
  • 2015
  • In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 112:14, s. 4489-4494
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Despite considerable progress in uncovering the molecular details of protein aggregation in vitro, the cause and mechanism of protein-aggregation disease remain poorly understood. One reason is that the amount of pathological aggregates in neural tissue is exceedingly low, precluding examination by conventional approaches. We present here a method for determination of the structure and quantity of aggregates in small tissue samples, circumventing the above problem. The method is based on binary epitope mapping using anti-peptide antibodies. We assessed the usefulness and versatility of the method in mice modeling the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which accumulate intracellular aggregates of superoxide dismutase-1. Two strains of aggregates were identified with different structural architectures, molecular properties, and growth kinetics. Both were different from superoxide dismutase-1 aggregates generated in vitro under a variety of conditions. The strains, which seem kinetically under fragmentation control, are associated with different disease progressions, complying with and adding detail to the growing evidence that seeding, infectivity, and strain dependence are unifying principles of neurodegenerative disease.
  •  
48.
  • Bergh, Johan, 1983- (author)
  • Structural investigation of SOD1 aggregates in ALS : identification of prion strains using anti-peptide antibodies
  • 2018
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons that result in muscle wasting. The symptoms advance gradually to paralysis and eventually death. Most patients suffer from sporadic ALS (sALS) but 10% report a familial predisposition. Mutations in the gene encoding super­oxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) were the first identified cause of ALS. The disease mecha­nism is debated but there is a consensus that mutations in this protein confer a cytotoxic gain of function. SOD1 aggregates in motor neurons are hallmarks of ALS both in patients and in transgenic mouse models expressing a mutated form of human SOD1 (hSOD1). Recently, our group showed that SOD1 aggregates are present also in sALS patients, thus indicating a broader involvement of this protein in ALS. Misfolding and aggregation of SOD1 are dif­ficult to study in vivo since aggregate concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly low. The aim of this thesis was to find a method circumventing this problem to investigate the hSOD1 aggregate structure, distribution and spread in ALS disease.Many studies provide circumstantial evidence that the wild-type hSOD1 protein can be neurotoxic. We developed the first homozygous mouse model that highly overexpresses the wild-type enzyme. These mice developed an ALS-like syndrome and become terminally ill after around 370 days. Motor neuron loss and SOD1 aggregate accumulation in the CNS were observed. This lends further support to the hypothesis of a more general involve­ment of SOD1 in human disease.A panel of polyclonal antibodies covering 90% of the SOD1 protein was developed by our laboratory. These antibodies were shown to be highly specific for misfolded SOD1. Aggre­gated hSOD1 was purified from the CNS of terminally ill hSOD1 mice. Disordered segments in aggregated hSOD1 could be identified with these antibodies. Two aggregate strains with different structural architectures, molecular properties, and growth kinetics, were found using this novel method. The strains, denoted A and B, were also associated with different disease progression. Aggregates formed in vitro were structurally different from these strains. The results gave rise to questions about aggregate development and possible prion-like spread. To investigate this, inoculations of purified strain A and B hSOD1 seeds was performed in lumbar spinal cords of 100-day old mice carrying a hSOD1G85R mutation. Mice seeded with A or B aggregates developed premature signs of ALS and became terminally ill 200 days earlier than mice inoculated with control preparation. Interestingly, a tem­plated spread of aggregates along the neuraxis was concomitantly observed, with strain A and B provoking the buildup of their respective hSOD1 aggregate structure. The phenotypes initiated by the A and B strains differed regarding progression rates, distribution, end-stage aggregate levels, and histopathology. To further establish the importance of hSOD1 aggregates in human disease, purification and inoculation of aggregate seeds from spinal cords of ALS patients and mice carrying the hSOD1G127X mutation were performed. Inoculation of both human and mouse seeds as described above, induced strain A aggregation and premature fatal ALS-like disease.In conclusion, the data presented in this thesis provide a new, straightforward method for characterization of aggregate strains in ALS, and plausibly also in other neurodegen­erative diseases. Two different prion strains of hSOD1 aggregates were identified in mice that resulted in ALS-like disease. Emerging data suggest that prion-like growth and spread of hSOD1 aggregation could be the primary pathogenic mechanism not only in hSOD1 transgenic models, but also in human ALS.
  •  
49.
  • Bischof, P, et al. (author)
  • Implantation of the human embryo: research lines and models. From the implantation research network 'Fruitful'.
  • 2006
  • In: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 62:4, s. 206-16
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Infertility is an increasing problem all over the world, and it has been estimated that 10-15% of couples in fertile age have fertility problems. Likewise induced unsafe abortion is a serious threat to women's health. Despite advances made in assisted reproduction techniques, little progress has been made in increasing the success rate during fertility treatment. This document describes a wide range of projects carried out to increase the understanding in the field of embryo implantation research. The 'Fruitful' research network was created to encourage collaborations within the consortium and to describe our different research potentials to granting agencies or private sponsors.
  •  
50.
  • Bister, J., et al. (author)
  • Human endometrial MAIT cells are transiently tissue resident and respond toNeisseria gonorrhoeae
  • 2021
  • In: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219 .- 1935-3456. ; 14, s. 357-365
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are non-classical T cells important in the mucosal defense against microbes. Despite an increasing interest in the immunobiology of the endometrial mucosa, little is known regarding human MAIT cells in this compartment. The potential role of MAIT cells as a tissue-resident local defense against microbes in the endometrium is largely unexplored. Here, we performed a high-dimensional flow cytometry characterization of MAIT cells in endometrium from pre- and postmenopausal women, and in decidua from first-trimester pregnancies. Furthermore, we assessed MAIT cell function by stimulation withNeisseria gonorrhoeae(N. gonorrhoeae). Endometrial MAIT (eMAIT) cells represented a stable endometrial immune cell population as limited dynamic changes were observed during the menstrual cycle, post menopause, or in response to pregnancy. Furthermore, eMAIT cells exhibited an activated tissue-resident phenotype. Despite expressing CD69 and CD103, eMAIT cells were replenished over time by circulating MAIT cells, as assessed using human uterus transplantation as a model. Finally, functional experiments revealed the capability of MAIT cells to respond to the sexually transmitted and tissue-relevant pathogen,N. gonorrhoeae. In conclusion, our study provides novel insight into human MAIT cell dynamics and anti-microbial properties in the human uterus.
  •  
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