| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Mattsson, Sören, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Cancer Society radiation therapy research investigation
- 2002
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In: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 41:7-8, s. 596-603
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an investigation by the Swedish Cancer Society, the present status, critical issues and future aspects and prospects were described by an expert group for each of nine major areas of radiation research. A summary of the investigation is presented in this report. A more extensive summary (in Swedish) can be found at www.Cancerfonden.se. It is concluded that radiation therapy plays an increasingly important role in curative and palliative tumour treatment and presents a considerable challenge to research. Several suggestions are made that could improve the possibilities for high-quality radiation therapy research in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Angelin, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Reductions in serum levels of LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with the liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist eprotirome
- 2015
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 277:3, s. 331-342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundLiver-selective thyromimetic agents could provide a new approach for treating dyslipidaemia. MethodsWe performed a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eprotirome, a liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist, in 98 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. After previous drug wash-out and dietary run-in, patients received 100 or 200gday(-1) eprotirome or placebo for 12weeks. The primary end-point was change in serum LDL cholesterol; secondary end-points included changes in other lipid parameters and safety measures. ResultsEprotirome treatment at 100 and 200g daily reduced serum LDL cholesterol levels by 235% and 31 +/- 4%, respectively, compared with 2 +/- 6% for placebo (Pless than0.0001). Similar reductions were seen in non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B, whereas serum levels of HDL cholesterol and apo A-I were unchanged. There were also considerable reductions in serum triglycerides and lipoprotein(a), in particular in patients with elevated levels at baseline. There was no evidence of adverse effects on heart or bone and no changes in serum thyrotropin or triiodothyronine, although the thyroxine level decreased. Low-grade increases in liver enzymes were evident in most patients. ConclusionIn hypercholesterolaemic patients, the liver-selective thyromimetic eprotirome decreased serum levels of atherogenic lipoproteins without signs of extra-hepatic side effects. Selective stimulation of hepatic thyroid hormone receptors may be an attractive way to modulate lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemia.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 11. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 12. |
- Berkenstam, Anders, et al.
(author)
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The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:2, s. 663-667
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major problem despite the availability of drugs that influence major risk factors. New treatments are needed, and there is growing interest in therapies that may have multiple actions. Thyroid hormone modulates several cardiovascular risk factors and delays atherosclerosis progression in humans. However, use of thyroid hormone is limited by side effects, especially in the heart. To overcome this limitation, pharmacologically selective thyromimetics that mimic metabolic effects of thyroid hormone and bypass side effects are under development. In animal models, such thyromimetics have been shown to stimulate cholesterol elimination through LDL and HDL pathways and decrease body weight without eliciting side effects. We report here studies on a selective thyromimetic [KB2115, (3-[[3,5-dibromo-4- [4-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl]-amino]-3-oxopropanoic acid)] in humans. In moderately overweight and hypercholesterolemic subjects KB2115 was found to be safe and well tolerated and elicited up to a 40% lowering of total and LDL cholesterol after 14 days of treatment. Bile acid synthesis was stimulated without evidence of increased cholesterol production, indicating that KB2115 induced net cholesterol excretion. KB2115 did not provoke detectable effects on the heart, suggesting that the pharmacological selectivity observed in animal models translates to humans. Thus, selective thyromimetics deserve further study as agents to treat dyslipidemia and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
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| 13. |
- Cortés-González, Jeff R, et al.
(author)
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Early salvage radiation therapy combined with short-term hormonal therapy in recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: Single-institution 4-year data on outcome, toxicity, health-related quality of life and co-morbidities from 184 consecutive patients treated with 70 Gy.
- 2013
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In: International journal of oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2423 .- 1019-6439. ; 42:1, s. 109-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 70Gy salvage radiotherapy (SRT) combined with short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in the treatment of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to consider quality of life (QoL), survival outcomes and impact of co-morbidities on treatment-related rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Electronic records of 184 SRT patients treated consecutively between October 2001 and February 2007 were analyzed. Median age was 64 years (median follow-up 48months). NHT was given to 165 patients (median 3 months). Pre-RP and pre-SRT PSA, PSA doubling time, Gleason score (GS), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and detectable post-SRT PSA were recorded. Any detectable PSA or PSA >0.1 ng/ml + nadir was considered biochemical failure (BcF). The Charlson co-morbidity index was used to correlate co-morbidities and rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Scores from the health-related QoL EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaires were also evaluated. In 116 (63%) patients, a long-lasting curative effect was indicated by undetectable PSA levels. In univariate analysis, using BcF as an outcome variable, p<0.001 was found for GS, pre-SRT PSA, SVI and detectable post-SRT PSA. Multivariate analysis showed p=0.01 for SVI, p=0.09 for GS, and detectable post-SRT PSA (p=0.01); with metastases as an outcome variable, only SVI was significant (p=0.007). Cancer-specific and overall survival were 99 and 95%, respectively. Although microscopy showed SVI or GS 8-10 in the prostatectomy specimens 17/40(43%) and 13/29 (45%), respectively, of patients still showed undetectable PSA at long-term follow-up (median 55 months) after SRT. Likewise, 11/31 (36%) patients with pre-SRT PSA >1.0 ng/ml and 80/134 (60%) patients with PSA doubling time (PSADT) <10 still showed undetectable PSA after 50 months. Slightly elevated acute and late rectal-genitourinary grade 3-4 toxicity was observed. No association with co-morbidity/toxicity was found. EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were similar to or slightly better than reference values. SRT with 70 Gy combined with 3-month NHT results in long-term undetectable PSA in >50% of patients with recurrence after RP with acceptable rectal-genitourinary toxicity and without negatively affecting long-term QoL. Non-metastatic patients should not be disqualified from receiving SRT although presenting with poor prognostic factors at surgery.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ladenson, Paul W, et al.
(author)
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Use of the Thyroid Hormone Analogue Eprotirome in Statin-Treated Dyslipidemia
- 2010
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In: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 362:10, s. 906-916
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is incompletely reversed by statin therapy alone in many patients. Thyroid hormone lowers levels of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and has other potentially favorable actions on lipoprotein metabolism. Consequently, thyromimetic drugs hold promise as lipid-lowering agents if adverse effects can be avoided. METHODS We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the thyromimetic compound eprotirome (KB2115) in lowering the level of serum LDL cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia who were already receiving simvastatin or atorvastatin. In addition to statin treatment, patients received either eprotirome (at a dose of 25, 50, or 100 mu g per day) or placebo. Secondary outcomes were changes in levels of serum apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and Lp(a) lipoprotein. Patients were monitored for potential adverse thyromimetic effects on the heart, bone, and pituitary. RESULTS The addition of placebo or eprotirome at a dose of 25, 50, or 100 mu g daily to statin treatment for 12 weeks reduced the mean level of serum LDL cholesterol from 141 mg per deciliter (3.6 mmol per liter) to 127, 113, 99, and 94 mg per deciliter (3.3, 2.9, 2.6, and 2.4 mmol per liter), respectively, (mean reduction from baseline, 7%, 22%, 28%, and 32%). Similar reductions were seen in levels of serum apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and Lp(a) lipoprotein. Eprotirome therapy was not associated with adverse effects on the heart or bone. No change in levels of serum thyrotropin or triiodothyronine was detected, although the thyroxine level decreased in patients receiving eprotirome. CONCLUSIONS In this 12-week trial, the thyroid hormone analogue eprotirome was associated with decreases in levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in patients receiving treatment with statins.
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| 17. |
- Ladenson, Paul W, et al.
(author)
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Use of the Thyroid Hormone Analogue Eprotirome in Statin-Treated Dyslipidemia
- 2010
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In: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0029-7828 .- 1533-9866. ; 65:8, s. 512-513
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Statins effectively reduce levels of serum cholesterol and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, but have limited effectiveness if stringent goals for serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are not met or adverse effects develop, requiring a dose reduction or drug discontinuation. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormone and some of its metabolites reduce levels of serum LDL cholesterol and have potentially favorable actions on other lipoproteins. The studies were discontinued because of reports of adverse effects on heart and bone, and possible deaths. In a recent report, eprotirome, a thyromimetic compound with minimal uptake in nonhepatic-tissues, was shown to reduce levels of serum total and LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B without apparent side effects in patients not receiving statin therapy. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial investigated the safety and efficacy of eprotirome in lowering the level of serum LDL cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia who already were receiving simvastatin or atorvastatin. The aim of the study was to determine whether adding eprotirome to statin therapy would provide additional lipid-lowering actions without producing adverse extrahepatic thyromimetic effects. Patients were randomly assigned to receive daily oral doses of 25, 50, or 100 mcg of eprotirome or a placebo for 12 weeks. The primary study outcome was changes in serum LDL cholesterol. The potential adverse thyromimetic effects on the heart, bone, and pituitary were examined. Treatment of patients for 12 weeks already receiving statins with either placebo or eprotirome at a dose of 25, 50, or 100 mu g reduced the mean level of serum LDL cholesterol from 141 mg per deciliter (3.6 mmol per liter) at baseline to 127, 113, 99, and 94 mg per deciliter (3.3, 2.9, 2.6, and 2.4 mmol per liter), respectively; this represented a mean reduction from baseline of 7%, 22%, 28%, and 32%, respectively. Similar reductions were found in the secondary study outcomes, which included serum levels of apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and Lp(a) lipoprotein. No evidence of adverse effects of eprotirome on the heart, bone, or pituitary was noted. Although reductions in serum levels of thyroxine occurred in some patients who received eprotirome, there were no changes in levels of thyrotropin or triiodothyronine. These findings demonstrate that the addition of eprotirome to statin therapy produces substantial further reductions in serum LDL cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. The drug appears to have an excellent safety profile.
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| 18. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
- 2009
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In: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
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| 22. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2007
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
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| 23. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(author)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 24. |
- Aagergaard, Sine, et al.
(author)
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Scandinavian women’s football in world : migration, management and mixed identity
- 2013
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In: Soccer & Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 14:6, s. 769-780
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This special issue has grown out of an ongoing Nordic collaborative research project (Nordcorp) using Scandinavian women’s football as a strategically selected extreme case (of organizational development) to study a Nordic sport model in transition. The common point of interest for the project group, which overlaps with the editors and authors in this issue of Soccer and Society, is a fascination with the current development of Scandinavian women’s football that stands out as an intriguing subject for bothsports research and the social sciences.
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| 25. |
- Abrahamsson, Christina, et al.
(author)
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DeltaT50 - a new method to assess temporal ventricular repolarization variability
- 2011
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In: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 44:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Increased beat-to-beat variability in cardiac repolarization time is a tentative risk marker of drug-induced torsades de pointes. We developed a new, automatic method based on the temporal variability of the T-wave down slope to assess this variability. Method and Results Leads V1 to V6 of resting electrocardiograms were recorded in 42 healthy subjects (18-68 years, 22 men). The temporal variability at 50% of the T-wave down slope, deltaT50 (1.5 ± 0.41 milliseconds; range, 0.86-2.66 milliseconds), was measured with an accuracy of 1 millisecond on at least 9 pairs of electrocardiogram complexes with a signal-to-noise ratio more than 10 and changes in the R-R interval less than 150 milliseconds. The correlation between repeated measurements of deltaT50 was high. DeltaT50 was measured without corrections for age, sex, heart rate, T-wave amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, R-R variability, and QTcF because none of these factors explained more than 4% of the within-subject deltaT50 variability. Conclusion The beat-to-beat repolarization variability was measured with high fidelity with the deltaT50 method and was a robust measure in healthy volunteers.
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| 26. |
- Acs, Zoltan J., et al.
(author)
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Growth and entrepreneurship
- 2012
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In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 39:2, s. 289-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we suggest that the spillover of knowledge may not occur automatically as typically assumed in models of endogenous growth. Rather, a mechanism is required to serve as a conduit for the spillover and commercialization of knowledge from the source creating it, to the firms actually commercializing the new ideas. In this paper, entrepreneurship is identified as one such mechanism facilitating the spillover of knowledge. Using a panel of entrepreneurship data from 18 countries, we provide empirical evidence that, in addition to measures of Research & Development and human capital, entrepreneurial activity also serves to promote economic growth.
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| 27. |
- Acs, Zoltan J., et al.
(author)
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The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship
- 2009
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In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 32:1, s. 15-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contemporary theories of entrepreneurship generally focus on the recognition of opportunities and the decision to exploit them. Although the entrepreneurship literature treats opportunities as exogenous, the prevailing theory of economic growth suggests they are endogenous. This paper advances the microeconomic foundations of endogenous growth theory by developing a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Knowledge created endogenously results in knowledge spillovers, which allow entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Akil, Shahnaz, et al.
(author)
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Gender aspects on exercise-induced ECG changes in relation to scintigraphic evidence of myocardial ischaemia
- 2018
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In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961. ; 38:5, s. 798-807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of exercise-induced ST response in relation to findings by myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS), with focus on gender differences, in patients with suspected or established stable ischemic heart disease. Methods: MPS findings of 1 021 patients (518 females) were related to the exercise-induced ST response alone (blinded and unblinded to gender) and ST response together with additional exercise stress test (EST) variables (exercise capacity, blood pressure and heart rate response). Results: Exercise-induced ischaemia by MPS was found in 9% of females and 23% of males. Diagnostic performance of exercise-induced ST response in relation to MPS findings in females versus males was: sensitivity = 48%,70%; specificity = 67%, 64%; PPV = 13%, 38%; NPV = 93%, 87%. Adding more EST variables to the ST response interpretation yielded in females vs males: sensitivity = 44%, 51%; specificity = 84%, 83%; PPV = 22%, 48% and NPV = 93%, 85%. Conclusions: In patients who have performed EST in conjunction with MPS, there is a gender difference in the diagnostic performance of ST response at stress, with a significantly lower PPV in females compared to males. For both genders, specificity can be significantly improved, and a higher PPV can be obtained, while the sensitivity might be compromised by considering more EST variables, in addition to the ST response.
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| 31. |
- Akil, Shahnaz, et al.
(author)
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Stress-induced ST elevation with or without concomitant ST depression is predictive of presence, location and amount of myocardial ischemia assessed by myocardial perfusion SPECT, whereas isolated stress-induced ST depression is not
- 2016
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In: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 49:3, s. 15-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Evaluation of stress-induced ST deviations constitutes a central part when interpreting the findings from an exercise test. The aim of this analysis was to assess the pathophysiologic correlate of stress-induced ST elevation and ST depression with regard to presence, amount and location of myocardial ischemia as assessed by myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: 226 patients who had undergone bicycle stress test in conjunction with MPS were included. Of these, 198 were consecutive patients while 28 patients were included on the basis of having stress-induced ST elevation mentioned in their clinical report. The amount and location of ST changes were related to MPS findings. Summed stress scores (SSS) from MPS images were used to measure the amount of stress-induced ischemia. The positive predictive values for detecting stress-induced ischemia were 28% for the consecutive patients with ST depression and 75% for patients with ST elevation. The maximum and sum of stress-induced ST elevations correlated with SSS (r(2)=0.58, p<0.001 and r(2)=0.73, p<0.001), whereas the maximum and sum of significant ST depressions did not (r(2)=0.022, p=0.08 and r(2)=0.024, p=0.10). The location of ST elevation corresponded to the location of ischemia by MPS (kappa=1.0), whereas the location of ST depression did not (kappa=0.20).CONCLUSIONS: Stress-induced ST elevation, with or without concomitant ST depression, is predictive of the presence, amount and location of myocardial ischemia assessed by MPS, whereas stress-induced ST depression without concomitant ST elevation is not.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Bo, Docent, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Enhancing Information Quality as Part of the Disease Surveillance System in Malawi, Africa : Reflections on a mHealth Intervention
- 2017
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In: Information Systems Development: Advances in Methods, Tools and Management. - Larnaca : Association for Information Systems. - 9789963228836
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Public health surveillance and response to disease outbreaks is still a hurdle in many developing countries across sub-Saharan Africa. Pivotal in disease surveillance and response is the reliance on valid information, hence, the need for information which has high Information Quality (IQ) characteristics. A key issue with disease surveillance systems, stem from the diverse range of data sources with various levels of information quality that may affect the trustworthiness of the information. However, with the increasing diffusion of mobile phone technologies, there are opportunities to improve IQ. The aim of this study was to assess the information quality in data collected through a smartphone application. Based on qualitative data from interviews, workshop and system specifications, it was found that information quality improves with the use of smartphone applications but aspects such as user competence and trustworthiness, must be addressed to maximize the benefits of using mobile technologies for disease surveillance.
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- Andersson, Bo
(author)
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Harnessing Handheld Computing - Framework, Toolkit and Design Propositions
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The rapid development of handheld technologies such as smartphones and personal digital assistants in recent years has created opportunities for the mobile workforce to take advantage of computerised information systems. To apprehend and harness the opportunities of computerised information systems implemented on handheld devices it is crucial to fully understand the user group and the handheld technology. However, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks and toolkits supporting designers of computerised handheld information systems for the mobile workforce. The aim of this dissertation is to address this issue by developing both a framework and a toolkit for use early in the design process. To develop and evaluate the framework and the toolkit, various qualitative methods such as interviews, artefact studies, and experiments were applied for assessing both users’ and designers’ views on handheld computing. The analysis is made from a designers’ perspective and based on the entities, user, application, context and technologies. The proposed accentuated factors framework is a comprehensive framework of fifteen factors, evaluated and approved by experienced practitioners. The HISD Toolkit presented is based on the accentuated factors framework and supported by the design propositions Least Common Denominator, Flexible Forms, Tune-In and Defensive Design, which are also presented in this dissertation. The main implication for research is the use of the accentuated factors framework in analysis of handheld computing. The main implications in practice are the use of the HISD Toolkit in the design of handheld information systems, in the teaching of handheld computing, and in the evaluation of existing systems as in the procurement of computerised handheld information systems. The study has been supported by the Swedish Research School of Management and Information Technology (MIT)
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- Andersson, J, et al.
(author)
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Kinetics of the Sorption of Water Vapour by Silica Gel
- 1985
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In: Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physcal Chemistry in Condensed Phases. ; 81, s. 2681-2692
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The kinetics and mechanism of the sorption reaction between water vapour and silica gel have been investigated in the pressure range 1–50 Torr using thermogravimetry under controlled temperature and water-vapour pressure. Measurements at equilibrium were carried out in order to determine the pertinent equilibrium parameters and the extent of hysteresis. The influence of particle radius and temperature on the kinetics in the whole of the pressure range investigated are well described by theoretical curves fitted to experimental data by taking into account simultaneous mass- and heat-transfer. Calculations yield a diffusivity of 8 × 10–10 m2 s–1. The sorption kinetics in the pressure range 15–40 Torr are shown to be controlled by heat transfer.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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A diagnosis of the commercial immaturity of Swedish club football
- 2011
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In: Soccer & Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 12:6, s. 754-773
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents a critical diagnosis of Swedish club football, in light of its current shortcomings on the European football market, and in comparison with the other Scandinavian leagues. The article highlights the commercial immaturity of the Swedish clubs, in addition to the context of historical and cultural values, restricted association forms, the emphasis on internationalism, the fixed tax system, the standards of the arenas, the lack of patronage and the migration of talents. The analysis closes with a depressed depiction of Swedish club football, in relation to development in Europe, as well as in Scandinavia. Still, in a dialectical reasoning this situation is, finally, evaluated as a valuable development in relation to fairness, internal sports logics as well as ecological values.
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- Babiker, Adil A., et al.
(author)
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Transfer of functional prostasomal CD59 of metastatic prostatic cancer cell origin protects cells against complement attck
- 2005
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In: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 62:2, s. 105-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prostasomes are secretory granules produced, stored, and released, by the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate. They express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored complement regulatory protein CD59, which has been shown to be transferred to spermatozoa and erythrocytes.METHODS: The CD59 content of prostasomes isolated from seminal fluid and malignant prostate cells (PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP) and the transfer of prostasomal CD59 to rabbit erythrocytes (RE) and to PIPLC-treated and unmanipulated cancer cells were investigated using FACS. All prostasomes were also incubated with RE and tested in a hemolytic assay.RESULTS: Prostasomes from cancer cells had higher expression of CD59 than those of normal cells. Prostasomal CD59 of different origin could be transferred to RE, malignant cell lines stripped of CD59 by PIPLC, or unmanipulated LNCaP cells. Malignant cell prostasomes had an increased ability to inhibit complement-mediated lysis compared to those from non-malignant cells.CONCLUSIONS: These results point to a novel mechanism by which prostasomes can protect prostatic malignant cells from complement attack.
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- Backman, Jyri, 1968-
(author)
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I skuggan av NHL : en organisationsstudie av svensk och finsk elitishockey
- 2012
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna licentiatuppsats har svenska elitseriens respektive finska SM-liigas seriemodeller analyserats i ljuset av NHL:s dominans över den globala ishockeyn. Bakgrunden till problemområdet är att företrädarna för svensk respektive finsk elitishockey implementerat olikartade organisatoriska lösningar, trots att de utvecklats i kontexter med likartade sportmodeller och samhällsvillkor. Metodologiskt bygger denna licentiatuppsats på komparativa studier. Som grund för min analys har jag använt mig av dokumentanalys med inslag av rättsdogmatik. Den teoretiska ramen har utgjorts av historikern Martin Alms amerikaniseringsbegrepp samt juristen och forskaren Lars Halgreens analys om amerikaniseringen av europeisk sport. Följande frågeställningar har analyserats: Hur har elitserien respektive SM-liiga utvecklats i relation till den amerikanska respektive europeiska sportmodellen, sedan 1970-talets mitt? Vilka kännetecken kan fastställas för de respektive organisationsmodellerna? På vilka sätt skiljer respektive liknar de varandra samt vilka förutsättningar för parallellverkan kan urskiljas, dels generellt och dels specifikt i en ishockeykontext? Vilka tendenser och inslag kan skönjas i elitserien respektive SM-liiga av det faktum att ishockeyn genom åren både sportsligt och kommersiellt dominerats av NHL? Min studie visar att ishockeysporten är en spjutspets i amerikaniseringen och kommersialiseringen av nordisk sport samt att ishockeyns kommersialisering och professionalisering i någon form leder till en amerikanisering. Studien visar att företrädarna för den finska elitishockeyn haft stor autonomi präglat av förbundssplitting, vilket har sin förklaring i Finlands 1900-talshistoria. Denna självständighet har utgjort grund för den finska elitishockeyns snabba och häftiga utveckling efter andra världskriget. I jämförelse är Sverige präglat av konsensusorientering med Sveriges Riksidrottsförbund som centraladministration och paraplyorganisation för hela den svenska idrotten, även om Svenska Hockeyligan Ab på senare år fått allt större roll inom svensk ishockey. En slutsats är att Finlands högsta ishockeyserie kan anses vara en hybrid mellan den amerikanska respektive europeiska sportmodellen. Sveriges högsta ishockeyserie är å andra sidan närmare sammanlänkad med den europeiska sportmodellen, även om det finns stora kommersiella intressen inom svensk elitishockey.
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