| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lindblom, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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A person-centred care transition support for people with stroke/TIA : A study protocol for effect and process evaluation using a non-randomised controlled design.
- 2024
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In: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Care transitions following a stroke call for integrated care approaches to reduce death and disability. The proposed research described in this study protocol aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a person-centred multicomponent care transition support and the process in terms of contextual moderators, implementation aspects and mechanisms of impact.METHODS: A non-randomized controlled trial design will be used. The intervention includes person-centred dialogue intended to permeate all patient-provider communication, various pedagogical modes of information, a person-centred care and rehabilitation plan, and a bridging e-meeting to prepare patients for homecoming. Patients with stroke or TIA who are to be discharged from the participating hospitals to home and referred to a neurorehabilitation team for continued rehabilitation will be included. Follow-ups will be conducted at one week, 3 months and 12 months. Data will be collected on the primary outcome of perceived quality of the care transition, and on the secondary outcomes of health literacy, medication adherence, and perceived person-centeredness. Data for process evaluation will be collected through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participatory observations, and the Normalisation Measure Development Questionnaire.DISCUSSION: The study will provide insights on implementation, mechanisms of impact, contextual moderators, and effectiveness of a care transition support, targeting a poorly functioning part of the care trajectory for people with stroke and TIA.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05646589.
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| 3. |
- Lindblom, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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The Use of Teach Back at Hospital Discharge to Support Self-Management of Prescribed Medication for Secondary Prevention after Stroke-Findings from A Feasibility Study
- 2023
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In: Healthcare. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate whether a structured discharge letter and the use of the person-centred communication method Teach Back for sharing information at hospital discharge could support perceived understanding and knowledge of and adherence to prescribed medication for secondary prevention after stroke. Data from a feasibility study of a codesigned care transition support for people with stroke was used. Patients who at discharge received both a structured discharge letter and participated in the person-centred communication method Teach Back (n = 17) were compared with patients receiving standard discharge procedures (n = 21). Questionnaires were used to compare the groups regarding perceived understanding of information about medical treatment, knowledge of information about medical treatment and medication adherence at 1 week and 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference in perceived understanding of information about medical treatment (p > 0.01) between the groups in favour of those who participated in Teach Back at the discharge encounter. No differences between groups were found regarding understanding health information about medical treatment and medication adherence. The results indicate that the use of Teach Back at the discharge encounter positively impacts perceived understanding of information about medical treatment in people with stroke. However, considering the nonrandomised study design and the small sample size, a large-scale trial is needed.
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| 4. |
- Adams, Emma Catherine, et al.
(author)
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The structure-function relationship for alumina supported platinum during the formation of ammonia from nitrogen oxide and hydrogen in the presence of oxygen
- 2016
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In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:16, s. 10850-10855
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the structure-function relationship of alumina supported platinum during the formation of ammonia from nitrogen oxide and dihydrogen by employing in situ X-ray absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Particular focus has been directed towards the effect of oxygen on the reaction as a model system for emerging technologies for passive selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. The suppressed formation of ammonia observed as the feed becomes net-oxidizing is accompanied by a considerable increase in the oxidation state of platinum as well as the formation of surface nitrates and the loss of NH-containing surface species. In the presence of (excess) oxygen, the ammonia formation is proposed to be limited by weak interaction between nitrogen oxide and the oxidized platinum surface. This leads to a slow dissociation rate of nitrogen oxide and thus low abundance of the atomic nitrogen surface species that can react with the adsorbed hydrogen species. In this case the consumption of hydrogen through the competing water formation reaction and decomposition/oxidation of ammonia are of less importance for the net ammonia formation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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The professional relationship forms the base : Swedish child health care nurses' experiences of encountering mothers exposed to intimate partner violence
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 16:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose This study aimed to explore child health care nurses' clinical experiences from encounters with mothers exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV), as little research has explored this topic. Method Nine child health care nurses from two Swedish regions were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The narratives depicted the nurses' strong commitment to, and professional relationship with, the exposed mothers. The experience of working as a nurse and having encountered IPV in clinical practice made the nurses more confident, which impacted their performance and attitude towards this topic. The ability to uphold the professional relationship was threatened by lack of support and interprofessional collaborations. Conclusions The professional relationship was central to the encounters, yet could impose an emotional burden on the nurses. While the nurses wanted to improve their knowledge of the process around the mother and child, they were happy to pass the primary responsibility over to other professionals. The findings highlight the challenge in establishing sustainable support for nurses, and building a transparent collaboration process between the health care sector and the social services, serving the well-being and safety of the mother and child.
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| 7. |
- Andresen Bergström, Moa, 1978, et al.
(author)
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A skin-like cytochrome P450 cocktail activates prohaptens to contact allergenic metabolites.
- 2007
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In: The Journal of investigative dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1747 .- 0022-202X. ; 127:5, s. 1145-53
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allergic contact dermatitis is a complex syndrome representing immunological responses to cutaneous exposure to protein-reactive chemicals. Although many contact sensitizers directly can elicit this disorder, others (prohaptens) require activation. Knowledge regarding the activating mechanisms remains limited, but one possibility is metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the skin. We have, after quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR studies of the CYP content in 18 human skin samples, developed an enriched skin-like recombinant human (rh) CYP cocktail using CYP1A1, 1B1, 2B6, 2E1, and 3A5. To validate the rhCYP cocktail, a prohaptenic conjugated diene ((5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-1-methylene-2-cyclohexene) was investigated using: the skin-like rhCYP cocktail, a liver-like rhCYP cocktail, single rhCYP enzymes, liver microsomes, keratinocytes, and a dendritic cell (DC) assay. The diene was activated to sensitizing epoxides in all non-cell-based incubations including the skin-like rhCYP cocktail. An exocyclic epoxide metabolite ((7R)-7-isopropenyl-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]oct-4-ene) was found to be mainly responsible for the allergenic activity of the diene. This epoxide also induced pronounced DC activation indicated by upregulation of IL-8. The skin-like rhCYP cocktail provides a simplified alternative to using skin tissue preparations in mechanistic studies of CYP-mediated skin metabolism of prohaptens and offers the future possibility of designing in vitro predictive assays for assessment of allergenic activity of prohaptens.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Vägen framåt
- 2013
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In: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson Lindvall, Mialinn, 1977-
(author)
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Physiotherapeutic perspectives on balance control after stroke : exercises, experiences and measures
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate physiotherapeutic perspectives on balance after stroke, in terms of exercises, experiences and measurements. Study I was a pilot randomized controlled trial with 46 persons who had had a stroke, 24 of whom were included in the intervention group and 22 who were included in the control group. The intervention consisted of 8 weeks of body awareness therapy (BAT). There were no significant differences over time between the groups in the outcome measures of balance, walking, self-reported balance confidence and quality of life. Study II had a qualitative design using content analysis. Participants in the intervention group from Study I and the four physiotherapists who had been in charge of the BAT were interviewed. One overall theme emerged: "Simple yet challenging", which was based on six categories. Study III investigated the validity and test-retest reliability of the Six-Spot Step test (SSST), an instrument used to assess the ability to take load on each leg. A cross-sectional design with 81 persons who had had stroke was performed. The convergent validity was strong to moderate, and the test-retest reliability was good. In Study IV a mixed method design including both qualitative and quantitative data collection was used. The participants’ experiences of balance and its influence in everyday life were presented in two themes: "Feeling dizzy and unstable is a continuous challenge" and "Feeling trust and confidence despite dizziness and unsteadiness". Taken together, the different data sets provided complementary and confirmatory information about balance. All participants experienced the balance limitations as a continuous challenge in everyday life, yet they also felt trust and confidence.In summary, BAT can be a complement in physiotherapeutic stroke rehabilitation and the SSST can be used as a measuring instrument of walking balance in persons with stroke. Living with balance limitations was experienced as a challenge but the participants were still able to manage their everyday life and activities.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Per-Ola, et al.
(author)
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Purification and identification of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase as a 43 kDa protein
- 1996
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In: Photosynthesis Research. - 0166-8595. ; 49:2, s. 119-129
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) has been purified from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. The purification included differential sonication of thylakoid membranes, differential (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration chromatography and finally either hydrophobic interaction chromatography or anion exchange chromatography. A total purification of more than 5000-fold compared to the original thylakoids enabled the identification of a 43 kDa protein as the VDE, in contrast to earlier reported molecular weight of 54–60 kDa. A detailed comparison was made for the VDE activity and polypeptide pattern for the different fractions throughout the purification and the best correlation was always found for the 43 kDa protein. The highest specific activity obtained was 256 mol g–1 s–1 protein, which is at least 10-fold higher than reported earlier. We estimate that there is 1 VDE molecule per 20–100 electron transport chains. The 43 kDa protein was N-terminally sequenced, after protection of cysteine residues with -mercaptoethanol and iodoacetamid, and a unique sequence of 20 amino acids was obtained. The amino acid composition of the protein revealed a high abundance of charged and polar amino acids and remarkably, 11 cysteine residues. Two other proteins (39.5 kDa and 40 kDa) copurifying with VDE were also N-terminally sequenced. The N-terminal part of the 39.5 kDa protein showed complete sequence identity both with the N-terminal part of cyt b 6 and an internal sequence of polyphenol oxidase.
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| 11. |
- Beldiceanu, Nicolas, et al.
(author)
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A Generic Geometrical Constraint Kernel in Space and Time for Handling Polymorphic k-Dimensional Objects
- 2007. - 1
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper introduces a geometrical constraint kernel for handling the location in space and time of polymorphic k-dimensional objects subject to various geometrical and time constraints. The constraint kernel is generic in the sense that one of its parameters is a set of constraints on subsets of the objects. These constraints are handled globally by the kernel. We first illustrate how to model several placement problems with the constraint kernel. We then explain how new constraints can be introduced and plugged into the kernel. Based on these interfaces, we develop a generic k-dimensional lexicographic sweep algorithm for filtering the attributes of an object (i.e., its shape and the coordinates of its origin as well as its start, duration and end in time) according to all constraints where the object occurs. Experiments involving up to hundreds of thousands of objects and 1 million integer variables are provided in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions, both for simple shapes (i.e., rectangles, parallelepipeds) and for more complex shapes.
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| 12. |
- Beldiceanu, Nicolas, et al.
(author)
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Graph Invariants as Necessary Conditions for Global Constraints
- 2005. - 1
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In: CP'2005, Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS. - : Swedish Institute of Computer Science. ; 3709, s. 92-106
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report presents a database of about 200 graph invariants for deriving systematically necessary conditions from the graph properties based representation of global constraints. This scheme is based on invariants on the graph characteristics used in the description of a global constraint. A SICStus Prolog implementation based on arithmetic and logical constraints as well as on indexicals is available.
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| 13. |
- Bergh, Jonas C. S., et al.
(author)
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Docetaxel, trastuzumab, pertuzumab versus trastuzumab emtansine as neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer : results from the Swedish PREDIX HER2 trial identifying a new potential de-escalation standard?
- 2019
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In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 37:15, s. 501-501
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Neoadjuvant therapy produces high rates of pathological complete response (pCR) and is the standard of care in HER2 positive breast cancer; however, the optimal treatment regimen remains to be established. Methods: In this randomized phase II study patients ≥18 years with HER2 positive breast cancer > 20mm or verified lymph node metastases were randomized to 6 courses of docetaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab (DTP, group A) or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, group B), q 21 days. The protocol allowed switch to the competing treatment upon lack of response or drug-related severe toxicity. Patients received postoperative epirubicin+cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab for a total of one year and endocrine therapy. Accrual was completed in October 2018 after randomization of 202 patients, data on pCR were available for 190 at the time for this abstract submission. Median age, 52 years (26-74), menopausal status, histological type and grade were well balanced between the treatment groups. 62.6% of the tumors were hormone receptor (HR) positive. Results: Primary endpoint was pathological objective response. 190 patients completed the protocol-specified preoperative treatment. pCR was achieved in 45.3% of patients, 46.4% in patients treated with DTP and 44.1% with T-DM1 (chi-sq., p = 0.75). In HR-positive tumors, pCR was obtained in 35.3% of patients, 35.9% in group A vs. 34.6% in group B (p = 0.87); in HR-negative tumors, the overall pCR rate was 62.0%, 66.7% in group A vs. 57.9% in group B (p = 0.45). Severe (grade 3/4) toxicity was reported at 68 occasions related to DTP, compared with 16 related to T-DM1, 26 vs. 3 caused by febrile neutropenia. Significantly better quality of life was reported by patients treated with T-DM1. Conclusions: Our data on TDM-1 demonstrates similar efficacy and less toxicity, in particular for patients with HER2 and HR positive cancers, being a potential new standard for neoadjuvant therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02568839.
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| 14. |
- Bhandage, Amol, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Expression of calcium release-activated and voltage-gated calcium channels genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is altered in pregnancy and in type 1 diabetes
- 2018
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Calcium (Ca2+) is an important ion in physiology and is found both outside and inside cells. The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is tightly regulated as it is an intracellular signal molecule and can affect a variety of cellular processes. In immune cells Ca2+ has been shown to regulate e.g. gene transcription, cytokine secretion, proliferation and migration. Ca2+ can enter the cytoplasm either from intracellular stores or from outside the cells when Ca2+ permeable ion channels in the plasma membrane open. The Ca2+ release-activated (CRAC) channel is the most prominent Ca2+ ion channel in the plasma membrane. It is formed by ORAI1-3 and the channel is opened by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor proteins stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2. Another group of Ca-2(+) channels in the plasma membrane are the voltage-gated Ca2+ (Ca-V) channels. We examined if a change in immunological tolerance is accompanied by altered ORAI, STIM and Ca-V gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pregnant women and in type 1 diabetic individuals. Our results show that in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes ORAI1-3 are up-regulated whereas STIM1 and 2 are down-regulated in pregnancy but only STIM2 in type 1 diabetes. Expression of L-, P/Q-, R- and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels was detected in the PBMCs where the Ca(V)2.3 gene was up-regulated in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes whereas the Ca(V)2.1 and Ca(V)3.2 genes were up-regulated only in pregnancy and the Ca(V)1.3 gene in type 1 diabetes. The results are consistent with that expression of ORAI, STIM and Ca-V genes correlate with a shift in immunological status of the individual in health, as during pregnancy, and in the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Whether the changes are in general protective or in type 1 diabetes include some pathogenic components remains to be clarified.
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| 15. |
- Björklund, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Optimization of continuous in vivo DOPA production and studies on ectopic DA synthesis using rAAV5 vectors in Parkinsonian rats
- 2009
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In: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 1471-4159 .- 0022-3042. ; 111:2, s. 355-367
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Viral vector-mediated gene transfer is emerging as a novel therapeutic approach with clinical utility in treatment of Parkinson's disease. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector in particular has been utilized for continuous l-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) delivery by expressing the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) genes which are necessary and sufficient for efficient synthesis of DOPA from dietary tyrosine. The present study was designed to determine the optimal stoichiometric relationship between TH and GCH1 genes for ectopic DOPA production and the cellular machinery involved in its synthesis, storage, and metabolism. For this purpose, we injected a fixed amount of rAAV5-TH vector and increasing amounts of rAAV5-GCH1 into the striatum of rats with complete unilateral dopamine lesion. After 7 weeks the animals were killed for either biochemical or histological analysis. We show that increasing the availability of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (BH4) in the same cellular compartment as the TH enzyme resulted in better efficiency in DOPA synthesis, most likely by hindering inactivation of the enzyme and increasing its stability. Importantly, the BH4 synthesis from ectopic GCH1 expression was saturable, yielding optimal TH enzyme functionality between GCH1 : TH ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 7.
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| 16. |
- Brandberg, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life in the Swedish PREDIX HER2 trial, evaluating docetaxel, trastuzumab, pertuzumab versus trastuzumab emtansine as neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 37:15, s. 583-583
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Neoadjuvant therapy combining docetaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab (DTP) was compared to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in the randomized phase 2 PREDIX HER2 trial. Patients, ≥18 years with HER2 positive breast cancer, ≥20mm or with verified lymph node metastases, were randomized to six courses of DTP (Standard arm) or T-DM1 (Experimental arm). Primary endpoint was pathological objective response to primary medical therapy at post-treatment surgery. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was a secondary outcome, and is of specific interest as there was no difference between the randomization groups regarding the main endpoint (results presented in a separate abstract sent to ASCO 2019, Bergh et al.). Methods: Of 202 randomized patients, 190 are available for evaluation at this point. HRQoL was measured, using EORTC QLQ-C30 + EORTC QLQ-BR23, at baseline before randomization and after six courses. Results: No differences between the randomization arms were found at baseline. Results after six courses, based on 163 patients (86%) and adjusted to baseline values, revealed statistical significant differences (p≤0.01), favoring the experimental T-DM1 arm on 7 out of 15 of the EORTC QLQ-C30 variables (Physical functioning, Role functioning, Social functioning, Global quality of Life, Fatigue, Dyspnea, and Diarrhea). For the breast cancer specific questionnaire (EORTC-BR23), the experimental arm scored statistically significantly better on 5 out of 7 subscales (Body image, Sexual functioning, Sexual enjoyment, Systemic therapy side effects and Upset by hair loss). All of the statistical significant differences were of moderate or large clinical significance (≥10 scale scores). No differences between the randomization arms were found for the remaining HRQoL variables. Conclusions: The experimental arm reported better HRQoL than the control arm after six courses. Trastuzumab emtansine may be a useful treatment alternative due to better HRQoL and lower toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT02568839.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brandell, Gerd, et al.
(author)
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Encouraging More Women Into Computer Science : Initiating a Single-Sex Intervention Program in Sweden
- 1997
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In: Mathematics Education Research Journal. - 1033-2170 .- 2211-050X. ; 9:3, s. 312-324
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process of starting a new program in computer science and engineering, heavily based on applied mathematics and only open to women, is described in this paper. The program was introduced into an educational system without any tradition in single-sex education. Important observations made during the process included the considerable interest in mathematics and curiosity about computer science found among female students at the secondary school level, and the acceptance of the single-sex program by the staff, administration, and management of the university as well as among male and female students. The process described highlights the importance of preparing the environment for a totally new type of educational program.
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| 19. |
- Bratt, Charlotte Eva, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity by pH and ascorbate concentration
- 1995
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In: Photosynthesis Research. - 0166-8595. ; 45:2, s. 169-175
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase has been studied both in isolated thylakoids and after partial purification, as a function of pH and ascorbate concentration. We demonstrate that violaxanthin de-epoxidase has a Km for ascorbate that is strongly dependent on pH, with values of 10, 2.5, 1.0 and 0.3 mM at pH 6.0, 5.5, 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. These values can be expressed as a single Km±0.1±0.02 mM for the acid form of ascorbate. Release of the protein from the thylakoids by sonication was also found to be strongly pH dependent with a cooperativity of 4 with respect to protons and with an inflexion point at pH 6.7. These results can explain some of the discrepancies reported in the literature and provide a more consistent view of zeaxanthin formation in vivo.
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| 20. |
- Bäckman, Karin, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Erfarenheter av öppna politiska prioriteringar : uppföljning av prioriteringar i Östergötland efter fyra år
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- År 2003 fattade politikerna i landstinget beslut om att vissa åtgärder inte längre skulle rymmas inom det offentliga åtagandet. Beslutet var en nyhet så till vida att man öppet redovisade innehållet i sitt beslut och hur man gått till väga för att fatta det. Den mediala uppmärksamheten blev enorm och beslutet, som i medierna fick beteckningen "svarta listan", debatterades både på lokal och på nationell nivå. Erfarenheterna av detta förskräckte många politiker i landet – trots att myndigheter, läkare m fl organisationer välkomnade initiativet.Detta är den fjärde rapporten om Landstinget i Östergötlands arbete med prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården. Landstinget har sedan dess arbetat vidare på samma spår och vidareutvecklat sin procedur för politiska prioriteringar. I denna rapport presenteras resultatet av en studie som syftat till att dels studera 2006 års prioriteringsprocedur i landstinget och dels att belysa eventuella skillnader i hur prioriteringarna gjorts över åren 2003-2006. Vi intervjuade politiker, tjänstemän och vårdföreträdare. Särskilt fokus har lagts vid att studera förväntningar, målsättningar och eventuella förändringar av dessa, förändringar av procedur och praktiskt arbetssätt inklusive rollfördelning, hur resonemang förts, förankring i olika grupper samt hur de intervjuade såg på öppenhet.Att ha studerat Östergötlands arbete med prioriteringar under fyra år har även gett oss möjligheten att karaktärisera en politisk prioriteringsprocedur. Under de senaste fyra åren har arbetet med prioriteringar utvecklats på flera sätt i Östergötland. Landstinget har nått relativt långt när det gäller att etablera en prioriteringsprocedur som en naturligt återkommande "aktivitet". Rangordningslistor finns nu upprättade för fler sjukdomsområden än tidigare, enligt uppsatta riktlinjer. Fler yrkesgrupper deltar på senare år i framtagandet av rangordningslistor och konsekvensbeskrivningar. Motiveringar till besluten har inte funnits alla år men har utvecklats.Exempel på vad de intervjuade upplevde har förbättrats är:• En tydligare procedur och vem som ansvarar för vad.• En mer realistisk tidsplan med mer planerad tid för diskussioner och bearbetning av beslutsunderlag.• En ökad kommunikation mellan den politiska arenan och sjukvårdsverksamheterna, via tjänstemännen som uppfattas ha en central roll som översättare, medlare och i att vara den drivande parten.Trots i mångt och mycket positiva utvecklingstendenser mot en transparent procedur för politiska prioriteringar finner vi några förbättringsområden, t ex:• Hur kunskapen om tankarna bakom prioriteringsproceduren och om hur resursfördelningsbeslut går till lämpligt bör spridas i hela organisationen.• Hur rollfördelning och vilka beslut som kan vara lämpliga att föra upp till den politiska nivån bör preciseras.• Hur beslutsunderlag i form av rangordningslistor och konsekvensbeskrivningar bör kompletteras med t ex information från särskilda behovsanalyser och med politiska värderingar vid politikernas beslut.• Hur den interna förankringen bör gå till.• Hur den externa förståelsen och förankringen bör uppmuntras samt hur besluten och dess motiveringar bör presenteras.• Hur arbetsformer, beslut och implementering av beslut bör följas upp och utvärderas.Utifrån erfarenheterna från Östergötlands arbete fann vi att ett lämpligt sätt att karaktärisera en procedur för politiska prioriteringar är att resonera utifrån sex olika faser:1. Förutsättningsfasen (direktiv, förutsättningar, roller)2. Underlagsfasen (framtagning av beslutsunderlag)3. Dialogfasen (den interna dialogen)4. Beslutsfasen (att fatta beslut och motivera sitt ställningstagande)5. Offentlighetsfasen (publicering, aktiviteter, intern förankring och extern förståelse)6. Uppföljningsfasen (uppföljning och utvärdering av procedur och resultat).Vi ger i rapporten några korta reflektioner för var och en av dessa och resonerar kring lärdomar och grundläggande komponenter att ägna en del omtanke när man planerar för en prioriteringsprocedur för politiska prioriteringar.Slutligen konstaterar vi att det i princip råder konsensus bland ledande politiker, tjänstemän och verksamhetschefer om behovet av att arbeta med öppna prioriteringar, men att det finns en osäkerhet i hur det praktiskt ska gå till i alla delar. Vi tror inte att vi lyckats belysa alla aspekter på hur en arbetsmodell för politiska prioriteringar kan se ut ännu men förhoppningsvis kan våra reflektioner utgöra utgångspunkter för fortsatt arbete och vidareutveckling.
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| 21. |
- Bäckman, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Vårdens alltför svåra val? : kartläggning av prioriteringsarbete och analys av riksdagens principer och riktlinjer för prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- PrioriteringsCentrum har på uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen genomfört en kartläggning av på vilket sätt hälso- och sjukvårdens huvudmän och andra centrala aktörer arbetar med prioriteringar och har utvärderat hur detta arbete överensstämmer med intentionerna i riksdagens beslut om prioriteringar. Vi har även analyserat innehållet i och tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården. Det har skett genom en etisk analys och mot bakgrund av ett stort antal intervjuer i landsting och kommuner samt med representanter för statliga myndigheter och yrkesorganisationer och med ledning av vad som framkommit i tidigare uppföljningar. Vi föreslår i rapporten ett anta förändringar och förtydliganden av riktlinjerna.Vi kan konstatera att sättet att arbeta med prioriteringar i landsting och kommuner inte är helt olikt det som gällde när Prioriteringsdelegationen redovisade en motsvarande uppföljning år 2001. Fortfarande finns knappast några öppna beslut om fördelning och prioritering av resurser om man med öppenhet avser att beslutsfattaren medvetet överväger flera alternativ och att grunderna för besluten är kända för dem som önskar ta del av dem.I situationer då tillgängliga resurser inte befinner sig i paritet med önskvärda ambitioner får sjukvårdspersonalen ta det största ansvaret för att besluta om och genomföra ransonering av vården. Förutom på chefsnivå tycks dock sjukvårdpersonal fortfarande i liten utsträckning vara medveten om de etiska principer som enligt riksdagsbeslutet ska styra prioriteringar i vården. Få känner till den etiska plattformen med de tre etiska principerna. Lokala mallar eller styrdokument för prioriteringar är ovanliga. Det saknas nödvändiga förutsättningar för att tillämpa riksdagens prioriteringsbeslut och det finns inte heller några tydliga strategier för hur man vill skapa sådana förutsättningar inom landstingen.Den kommunala vård- och omsorgsverksamheten upplever sig fortfarande i ringa utsträckning berörd av den etiska plattformen och prioriteringsprinciperna. Någon gemensam prioritering mellan huvudmännen sker knappast alls.Medborgarna är i mycket liten utsträckning involverade i prioriteringsarbetet. Den ökade öppenheten gentemot brukare innebär oftast att viss information om prioriteringar sker genom traditionella kanaler som patientorganisationer, pensionärsråd och handikappråd och synpunkter inhämtas via allmänna patientenkäter medan klagomål hanteras genom patientnämnder.Vi har också funnit tydliga skillnader när det gäller hur arbetet med prioriteringar bedrivs idag jämfört med för sex år sedan. Genom Socialstyrelsen och Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden har staten tagit ledningen när det gäller att visa hur prioriteringar kan göras på ett systematiskt och öppet sätt. Detta arbete har resulterat i en tydlig metodutveckling. Idag finns det dessutom flera exempel på konkret utvecklingsarbete och samverkan mellan huvudmän kring det vidare begreppet kunskapsstyrd vård till vilket systematiska prioriteringar är starkt relaterat. Vi kan också notera olika initiativ till vertikala prioriteringar i verksamheten där det framförallt är läkarkåren som engagerat sig; men också enstaka försök med systematiska politiska prioriteringar. Det finns dessutom flera lovande utvecklingsprojekt rörande prioriteringar som initierats av och drivs av sjukvårdspersonal både lokalt och nationellt. Yrkesförbunden är också mer aktiva idag när det gäller att sprida kunskap om prioriteringar....
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, Christel, et al.
(author)
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Transport av kemiska bekämpningsmedel samt fastläggnings- och nedbrytningskarakterisering i en vertikal transekt genom mark- och grundvattenzonen i Vemmenhögs tillrinningsområde, södra Sverige
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projektets mål har varit att undersöka förekomst, fastläggning, transport och nedbrytning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel (KB) i djupare grundvatten i ett litet avrinningsområde i Vemmenhög i Skåne. Inom ramen för studien har grundvatten provtagits på varierande djup (5,5-35 m) och analyserats med avseende på 150 olika KB vid fem olika tillfällen utan att några detekterats (undantaget ett enstaka fynd av AMPA). Dessa djupare grundvatten daterades till mellan 40 och >60 år. I grunt grundvatten från området finns fynd av KB och med hjälp av statistisk analys av spridningsdata och data över fynd visades att den enskilt största faktorn som avgör om KB återfinns i grundvattnet eller ej är dosen vid besprutningstillfället. En högre dos ökar sannolikheten för fynd i grundvattnet. En matematisk modellering har genomförts för att förklara förekomst av 6 olika KB i grunt grundvatten. För modelleringen användes bl.a. experimentellt bestämda parametrar för nedbrytning och fastläggning. Modelleringen möjliggjorde att fynd av lågsorberande KB kunde kopplas till spridningen av dessa substanser, medan fynd av de relativt starkt sorberande substanserna inte kunde förklaras.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(author)
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Large Multiconfigurational Hartree-fock Calculations On the Hyperfine-structure Constants of the Li-7 2s 2s and 2p 2p States
- 1992
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In: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 46:5, s. 2420-2425
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate hyperfine-structure parameters for the ground and first excited states of lithium are reported. Hyperfine parameters are calculated from multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) wave functions using a recently written hyperfine-structure program, being a part of the MCHF Atomic Structure Package. Convergence of the hyperfine-structure parameters is studied as the active set of orbitals is increased. The relativistic, finite-nuclear-size, and finite-nuclear-mass-corrected values of the magnetic hyperfine-structure constants of the 2s S-2(1/2) and 2p P-2(1/2,3/2) states of Li-7 were determined to be A1/2=401.70 MHz and A1/2=45.94 MHz, A3/2=3.098 MHz, respectively. The final values are compared with experiments and with the most reliable theoretical values obtained with other methods.
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| 25. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(author)
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Lifetimes and Transition-probabilities of the Boron Atom Calculated With the Active-space Multiconfiguration Hartree-fock Method
- 1994
-
In: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 49:5, s. 3426-3431
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systematic multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock results are presented for the transition probabilities and excited-state lifetimes in the term system of the boron atom. Particularly, the interaction between the 1s(2)2s2p2 configuration and the 1s(2)2s2ns2S and 1s(2)2s2nd2D Rydberg series is considered. Term energies and transition-matrix elements are calculated to convergence using increasing active sets of s, p, d, f, and g orbitals.
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| 26. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(author)
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Multiconfiguration Hartree-fock Calculations and Time-resolved Laser Spectroscopy Studies of Hyperfine-structure Constants In Sodium
- 1992
-
In: Physica Scripta. Topical Issues. - : IOP Publishing. - 0281-1847. ; 46:5, s. 394-398
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hyperfine structure constants for the ground and first excited states of sodium are calculated using a newly written hyperfine structure program, which is part of the MCHF Atomic Structure Package. The calculated hyperfine structure constants are compared with the most reliable values obtained in other theoretical studies and in experiments. Also, a new accurate experimental determination of the 3p P-2(1/2) state hyperfine structure is presented.
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| 27. |
- Carlsson, My, et al.
(author)
-
Importance of food waste pre-treatment efficiency for global warming potential in life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion systems
- 2015
-
In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 102, s. 58-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A need for improvement of food waste (FW) pre-treatment methods has been recognized, but few life cycle assessments (LCA) of FW management systems have considered the pre-treatment with respect to input energy, loss of organic material and nutrients for anaerobic digestion (AD) and/or further treatment of the refuse. The objective of this study was to investigate how FW pre-treatment efficiency impacts the environmental performance of waste management, with respect to global warming potential (GWP). The modeling tool EASETECH was used to perform consequential LCA focusing on the impact of changes in mass distribution within framework conditions that were varied with respect to biogas utilization and energy system, representing different geographical regions and/or different time-frames. The variations of the GWP due to changes in pre-treatment efficiency were generally small, especially when biogas and refuse were substituting the same energy carriers, when energy conversion efficiencies were high and slurry quality good enough to enable digestate use on land. In these cases other environmental aspects, economy and practicality could be guiding when selecting pre-treatment system without large risk of sub-optimization with regards to GWP. However, the methane potential of the slurry is important for the net LCA results and must be included in the sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, when biogas is used as vehicle fuel the importance of pre-treatment is sensitive to assumptions and approach of modelling marginal energy which must be decided based on the focus and timeframe of the study in question
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Christiansen, Evald H, et al.
(author)
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Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI.
- 2017
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachussetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 376:19, s. 1813-1823
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is an index used to assess the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. The index has been tested against fractional flow reserve (FFR) in small trials, and the two measures have been found to have similar diagnostic accuracy. However, studies of clinical outcomes associated with the use of iFR are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether iFR is noninferior to FFR with respect to the rate of subsequent major adverse cardiac events.We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2037 participants with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome who had an indication for physiologically guided assessment of coronary-artery stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization guided by either iFR or FFR. The primary end point was the rate of a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization within 12 months after the procedure.A primary end-point event occurred in 68 of 1012 patients (6.7%) in the iFR group and in 61 of 1007 (6.1%) in the FFR group (difference in event rates, 0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 2.8; P=0.007 for noninferiority; hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.58; P=0.53); the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the difference in event rates fell within the prespecified noninferiority margin of 3.2 percentage points. The results were similar among major subgroups. The rates of myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, restenosis, and stent thrombosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the FFR group than in the iFR group reported chest discomfort during the procedure.Among patients with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was noninferior to an FFR-guided revascularization strategy with respect to the rate of major adverse cardiac events at 12 months. (Funded by Philips Volcano; iFR SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02166736 .).
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| 31. |
- Christoffersson, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
-
Clinical and Experimental Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Striated Muscle : Establishment of a Vascular System Similar to that in Native Islets
- 2010
-
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:10, s. 2569-2578
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Curing type 1 diabetes by transplanting pancreatic islets into the liver is associated with poor long-term outcome and graft failure at least partly due to inadequate graft revascularization. The aim of the current study was to evaluate striated muscle as a potential angiogenic site for islet transplantation. Research Design and Methods: The current study presents a new experimental model which is found applicable to clinical islet transplantation. Islets were implanted into striated muscle where after intra-islet vascular density and blood flow were visualized with intravital and confocal microscopy in mice, and by magnetic resonance imaging in three auto-transplanted pancreatectomized patients. Mice were rendered neutropenic by repeated injections of Gr-1 antibody and diabetes was induced by alloxan treatment. Results: Contrary to liver-engrafted islets, islets transplanted to mouse muscle were revascularized with vessel densities and blood flow entirely comparable to islets within intact pancreas. Initiation of islet revascularization at the muscular site was dependent on neutrophils, and the function of islets transplanted to muscle was proven by curing diabetic mice. The experimental data were confirmed in auto-transplanted patients where higher plasma volumes were measured in islets engrafted in forearm muscle compared to adjacent muscle tissue through high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This study presents a novel paradigm in islet transplantation whereby recruited neutrophils are crucial for the functionally restored intra-islet blood perfusion following transplantation to striated muscle under experimental and clinical situations.
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| 32. |
- Czolkos, Ilja, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of wastewater quality using amperometric bioelectronic tongues
- 2016
-
In: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 75, s. 375-382
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wastewater samples from a Swedish chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) mill collected at different purification stages in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed with an amperometric enzyme-based biosensor array in a flow-injection system. In order to resolve the complex composition of the wastewater, the array consists of several sensing elements which yield a multidimensional response. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to decompose the array's responses, and found that wastewater with different degrees of pollution can be differentiated. With the help of partial least squares regression (PLS-R), we could link the sensor responses to the Microtox (R) toxicity parameter, as well as to global organic pollution parameters (COD, BOD, and TOC). From investigating the influences of individual sensors in the array, it was found that the best models were in most cases obtained when all sensors in the array were included in the PLS-R model. We find that fast simultaneous determination of several global environmental parameters characterizing wastewaters is possible with this kind of biosensor array, in particular because of the link between the sensor responses and the biological effect onto the ecosystem into which the wastewater would be released. In conjunction with multivariate data analysis tools, there is strong potential to reduce the total time until a result is yielded from days to a few minutes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Dahlgren, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Test-retest reliability of step counts with the ActivPAL™ device in common daily activities.
- 2010
-
In: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 32:3, s. 386-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ActivPAL device is a well-established physical activity monitor for assessment of physical activity. AIM: To investigate test-retest reliability of step counts and establish minimal detectable changes (MDC) in step count to account for intra device error over time in various physical activities. METHODS: Healthy participants (n=24, age range, 19-28 years) performed activities on two occasions, 1 week apart, in a laboratory setting; self-paced floor walking, treadmill walking at three different speeds (3.2 km/h, 4.5 km/h and 4.5 km/h with incline), treadmill jogging (8.0 km/h), stair walking and cycling on an exercise bike at three speeds (45 rpm, 60 rpm and 75 rpm). Relative reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation. Absolute reliability was assessed using standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of repeatability (CR). RESULTS: The ActivPAL showed high to very high relative reliability for treadmill walking at all speeds and stair walking, while self-paced normal floor walking showed moderate reliability. The absolute reliability was the best for treadmill walking activities, slightly increased for self-paced walking, followed by stair walking and jogging. The use of activity monitors during cycling has been questioned and our results confirm a low absolute and relative reliability. MDC values varied according to the type of activity e.g. treadmill walking 4.5 km/h (10 steps), walking on the floor (45 steps). Data loss in this study (10-13%) was higher than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: The ActivPAL is reliable for treadmill walking, jogging and self-paced walking. MCD varies according to the activity and should be considered when establishing true change over time.
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| 34. |
- Dalheim Englund, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Life without professional work : perceptions about one’s self, interpersonal relations and social life after retirement
- 2019
-
In: Healthy Aging Research. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2261-7434. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to understand how healthy, older adults in Sweden perceive their life situation after retirement. The study is based on a lifeworld approach, and a phenomenographic method was used. Eighteen participants were interviewed, and data were analysed according to the phenomenographic principle of qualitatively different categories. Two categories were developed. The first category, “perceptions that draw attention inward, towards one’s self”, was further described in three subcategories: Sense of decreased status in society, the desire to keep aging at a distance, and contemplation of one’s own existence. The second category, “perceptions that draw attention outward, away from one’s self” was further described in the following four subcategories: caretaking of family members, involvement in social relationships, finding of deep meaning in animals and nature and engagement with society. In the discussion, the findings are further illuminated through comparisons with concepts such as maturity, wisdom and gerotranscendence, and reflections on the findings ‘relevance to a caring context follow. The conclusion suggests this study can provide knowledge that will allow healthcare providers to bridge the gap between generations in order to provide high-quality care. However, for a more profound caring dialogue, for example, about the end of life, a deeper analysis is required.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Djekic, Demir, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study
- 2020
-
In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 2047-9980. ; 9:18, s. e016518-e016518
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background A vegetarian diet (VD) may reduce future cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods and Results A randomized crossover study was conducted in subjects with ischemic heart disease, assigned to 4-week intervention periods of isocaloric VD and meat diet (MD) with individually designed diet plans, separated by a 4-week washout period. The primary outcome was difference in oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between diets. Secondary outcomes were differences in cardiometabolic risk factors, quality of life, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, and plasma metabolome. Of 150 eligible patients, 31 (21%) agreed to participate, and 27 (87%) participants completed the study. Mean oxidized LDL-C (-2.73 U/L), total cholesterol (-5.03 mg/dL), LDL-C (-3.87 mg/dL), and body weight (-0.67 kg) were significantly lower with the VD than with the MD. Differences between VD and MD were observed in the relative abundance of several microbe genera within the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Akkermansiaceae. Plasma metabolites, including l-carnitine, acylcarnitine metabolites, and phospholipids, differed in subjects consuming VD and MD. The effect on oxidized LDL-C in response to the VD was associated with a baseline gut microbiota composition dominated by several genera of Ruminococcaceae. Conclusions The VD in conjunction with optimal medical therapy reduced levels of oxidized LDL-C, improved cardiometabolic risk factors, and altered the relative abundance of gut microbes and plasma metabolites in patients with ischemic heart disease. Our results suggest that composition of the gut microbiota at baseline may be related to the reduction of oxidized LDL-C observed with the VD. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02942628.
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| 37. |
- Edling, Charlotte E., et al.
(author)
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Haematopoietic progenitor cells utilise conventional PKC to suppress PKB/Akt activity in response to c-Kit stimulation
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Haematology. - Oxford : Blackwell Scientific. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 136:2, s. 260-268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-Kit signalling is crucial for the proliferation, survival and differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To further understand the mechanisms underlying these events we explored how the downstream mediators interact. The present study investigated the function of conventional protein kinase Cs (c-PKC) in c-Kit mediated signalling pathways in HSC-like cell lines. This analysis supported earlier findings, that steel factor (SF) activates c-PKC, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and protein kinase B (PKB). The present results were consistent with an important role of c-PKC in the positive activation of Erk and for proliferation. Further, it was observed that c-PKC negatively regulated PKB activity upon SF stimulation, indicating that c-PKC acts as a suppressor of c-Kit signalling. Finally, these observations were extended to show that c-PKC mediated the phosphorylation of the endogenous c-Kit receptor on serine 746, resulting in decreased overall tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Kit upon SF stimulation. This report showed that this specific feedback mechanism of c-PKC mediated phosphorylation of the c-Kit receptor has consequences for both proliferation and survival of HSC-like cell lines.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Emery, Sara, et al.
(author)
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The Potential of Intercropping for Multifunctional Crop Protection in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3218. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) is a globally important crop which is increasingly under pressure from pests, pathogens and weeds. We investigated the potential of achieving multifunctional crop protection benefits by intercropping oilseed rape with legumes. A field experiment was conducted in which winter oilseed rape was intercropped with the annual frost sensitive legumes berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) or spring faba bean (Vicia faba), or with the winter grain legumes winter faba bean or winter peas (Pisum sativum). We tracked damage to winter oilseed rape by autumn and spring pests (slugs and insects), pathogens, weed biomass, as well as oilseed rape and intercrop yield in each treatment. Intercropping treatments resulted in pest damage that was equivalent or lower than in oilseed rape alone. Follow up field and lab assessments for the frost sensitive legume intercrops provided evidence for a reduction in autumn pest damage to OSR. Each legume intercrop had its own benefits and drawbacks in relation to pest, pathogen and weed suppression, suggesting that the plant species selected for intercropping with oilseed rape should be based on the pests, pathogens and weeds of greatest concern locally to achieve relevant multifunctional benefits. Our study provides a framework for further experiments in which the multifunctional effects of intercropping on pests, pathogens and weeds can be quantified.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Eriksson, Karin, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Aspects of rating communicative interaction: Effects on reliability and agreement
- 2014
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In: Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders/Equinox. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2040-5111 .- 2040-512X. ; 5:2, s. 245-267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Communication partner training can be effective in improving communication in aphasia. However, further research is needed on how to measure the outcome of such interventions. In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of reliability in assessments in relation to the results of analyses using a rating scale designed to measure the ability to support a person with aphasia in natural conversational interaction. The scale was used by four assessors to rate 45 video recordings. Calculations of reliability and agreement produced varying results but were mostly satisfactory. However, the results highlight how interaction between factors such as complexity of assessments; design of the rating scale; factors inherent in the individual assessor; and the statistical measures used to analyse the outcome may result in a conflict between aspects of validity and reliability. Interpretations of outcome obtained with rating scales thus need to be based on knowledge about factors influencing the results.
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| 42. |
- Escaned, Javier, et al.
(author)
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Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 2018
-
In: JACC. - : Elsevier. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:15, s. 1437-1449
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Gillsjö, Catharina, Senior Lecturer, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Balance in life as a prerequisite for community-dwelling older adults' sense of health and well-being after retirement : an interview-based study
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 16:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE This study aimed to describe community-dwelling older adults’ perceptions of health and well-being in life after retirement.METHODS This study is part of a larger project using a mixed-methods design to address lifestyles’ influence on community-dwelling older adults’ health. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 older adults in age 70 to 95 years. Data were analysed according to a phenomenographic approach.RESULTS The results encompass four categories describing variations in community-dwelling older adults’ perceptions of health and well-being after retirement: feeling well despite illness and disease, interacting with and being useful for oneself and others, independently embracing opportunities and engaging in life, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.CONCLUSIONS The absence of illness and disease is not a clear prerequisite for a sense of health and well-being. To promote and preserve health and well-being after retirement, older adults strived for—and coached themselves to uphold—a balance in life, focusing on not burdening others. This life orientation after retirement must be acknowledged by society at large, especially from an ageist perspective, and in health and social care to preserve and promote health and well-being.
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| 46. |
- Ginstman, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacokinetics of Oral Levonorgestrel in Women After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and in BMI-Matched Controls
- 2020
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In: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 30:6, s. 2217-2224
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Women are advised to primarily use non-oral contraceptive alternatives after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass since it is not known if the surgery affects the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives.Methods: This is a multi-center, open label, phase 2 pharmacokinetic study performed at the University Hospital of Linkoping and the Clinical Trials Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Fifteen women aged 18-40 years who had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and reached a BMI < 30 were included. Fifteen BMI-matched women with no previous history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery served as a control group. After administration of a single dose of a combined oral contraceptive containing 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol/0.15 mg levonorgestrel, serum levonorgestrel concentrations were determined during a 24-h period using ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The area under the plasma concentration time curve of levonorgestrel (AUC(0-24h)) was the main outcome measure.Results: There were no significant differences in the studied pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC(0-24h), total AUC, peak serum concentration (C-max), time to peak serum concentrations (T-max), apparent oral clearances of levonorgestrel (CLoral), or terminal half-lives (t1/2) between the groups.Conclusion: This is to our knowledge the first study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral levonorgestrel in women with a BMI < 30 at least 1 year after RYGB compared with a BMI-matched group of women. We could not find any significant pharmacokinetic differences between the groups, suggesting that oral levonorgestrel may be used in non-obese women after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass once a stable body weight has been reached.
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| 47. |
- Ginstman, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Plasma concentrations of etonogestrel in women using oral desogestrel before and after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery : a pharmacokinetic study
- 2019
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In: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 126:4, s. 486-492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) affects oral desogestrel (etonogestrel) pharmacokinetics.Design: Single centre, open label, phase-2 pharmacokinetic study.Setting: University hospital of Linkoping, Sweden.Population: Fourteen women with planned RYGB surgery were included; nine women aged 18-45 years using 75 micrograms desogestrel completed the study.Methods: Steady-state etonogestrel pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were measured on three occasions for each individual (at 8 6 weeks before surgery, and at 12 2 and 52 2 weeks after surgery). Each patient served as her own control. On each occasion, serum samples were collected during a 24-hour period and etonogestrel concentrations were determined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Main outcome measures: Area under the plasma concentration time curve of etonogestrel (AUC(0-24 hours)).Results: All women had significant postoperative weight loss. There were no significant differences in AUC(0-24 hours), terminal half-lives (t(1/2)), time to peak serum concentrations (T-max), or apparent oral clearances of etonogestrel (CLoral) before and after gastric bypass surgery on any occasion. Peak serum concentrations (C-max) increased after 52 +/- 2 weeks compared with preoperative values (0.817 ng/ml versus 0.590 ng/ml, P = 0.024).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects on desogestrel pharmacokinetics after RYGB. This study did not reveal any clinically significant changes in etonogestrel pharmacokinetics, suggesting that oral desogestrel may be used by women after RYGB surgery. The sample size was limited, however, and therefore the results should be interpreted cautiously.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Götberg, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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5-Year Outcomes of PCI Guided by Measurement of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve
- 2022
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 79:10, s. 965-974
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a coronary physiology index used to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis to guide revascularization. iFR has previously demonstrated noninferior short-term outcome compared to fractional flow reserve (FFR), but data on longer-term outcome have been lacking.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prespecified 5-year follow-up of the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization of the iFR-SWEDEHEART trial comparing iFR vs FFR in patients with chronic and acute coronary syndromes.METHODS: iFR-SWEDEHEART was a multicenter, controlled, open-label, registry-based randomized clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2,037 patients were randomized to undergo revascularization guided by iFR or FFR.RESULTS: No patients were lost to follow-up. At 5 years, the rate of the primary composite endpoint was 21.5% in the iFR group and 19.9% in the FFR group (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.90-1.33). The rates of all-cause death (9.4% vs 7.9%; HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.89-1.62), nonfatal myocardial infarction (5.7% vs 5.8%; HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.70-1.44), and unplanned revascularization (11.6% vs 11.3%; HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.79-1.32) were also not different between the 2 groups. The outcomes were consistent across prespecified subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic or acute coronary syndromes, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was associated with no difference in the 5-year composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization compared with an FFR-guided revascularization strategy. (Evaluation of iFR vs FFR in Stable Angina or Acute Coronary Syndrome [iFR SWEDEHEART]; NCT02166736)
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| 50. |
- Hantke, Max F., et al.
(author)
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A data set from flash X-ray imaging of carboxysomes
- 2016
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In: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultra-intense femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray lasers permit structural studies on single particles and biomolecules without crystals. We present a large data set on inherently heterogeneous, polyhedral carboxysome particles. Carboxysomes are cell organelles that vary in size and facilitate up to 40% of Earth’s carbon fixation by cyanobacteria and certain proteobacteria. Variation in size hinders crystallization. Carboxysomes appear icosahedral in the electron microscope. A protein shell encapsulates a large number of Rubisco molecules in paracrystalline arrays inside the organelle. We used carboxysomes with a mean diameter of 115±26 nm from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. A new aerosol sample-injector allowed us to record 70,000 low-noise diffraction patterns in 12 min. Every diffraction pattern is a unique structure measurement and high-throughput imaging allows sampling the space of structural variability. The different structures can be separated and phased directly from the diffraction data and open a way for accurate, high-throughput studies on structures and structural heterogeneity in biology and elsewhere.
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