| 1. |
- Arheimer, Berit, et al.
(author)
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The IAHS Science for Solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN a Global world (HELPING)
- 2024
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
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| 3. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(author)
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Probability-weighted hazard maps for comparing different flood risk management strategies : a case study
- 2009
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In: Natural Hazards. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-030X .- 1573-0840. ; 50:3, s. 479-496
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study proposes an original methodology for producing probability-weighted hazard maps based on an ensemble of numerical simulations. These maps enable one to compare different strategies for flood risk management. The methodology was applied over a 270-km2 flood-prone area close to the left levee system of a 28-km reach of the river Reno (Northern Central Italy). This reach is characterised by the presence of a weir that allows controlled flooding of a large flood-prone area during major events. The proposed probability-weighted hazard maps can be used to evaluate how a structural measure such as the mentioned weir alters the spatial variability of flood hazard in the study area. This article shows an application by constructing two different flood hazard maps: a first one which neglects the presence of the weir using a regular levee system instead, and a second one that reflects the actual geometry with the weir. Flood hazard maps were generated by combining the results of several inundation scenarios, simulated by coupling 1D- and 2D-hydrodynamic models.
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| 7. |
- Castellarin, A., et al.
(author)
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Floodplain management strategies for flood attenuation in the river Po
- 2011
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In: Rivers Research and Applications. - : Wiley. - 1535-1459 .- 1535-1467. ; 27:8, s. 1037-1047
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyses the effects of different floodplain management policies on flood hazard using a 350 km reach of the river Po (Italy) as a case study. The river Po is the longest Italian river, and the largest in terms of streamflow. The middle-lower Po flows East some 350 km in the Pianura Padana (Po Valley), a very important agricultural region and industrial heart of Northern Italy. This portion of the river consists of a main channel (200–500 m wide) and a floodplain (overall width from 200 m to 5 km) confined by two continuous artificial embankments. Floodplains are densely cultivated, and a significant portion of these areas is protected against frequent flooding by a system of minor dykes, which impacts significantly the hydraulic behaviour of the middle-lower Po during major flood events. This study aims at investigating the effects of the adoption of different floodplain management strategies (e.g. raising, lowering or removing the minor dyke system) on the hydrodynamics of the middle-lower Po and, in particular, on flood-risk mitigation. This is a crucial task for institutions and public bodies in charge of formulating robust flood risk management strategies for the river Po. Furthermore, the results of this study are of interest for other European water-related public bodies managing large river basins, in the light of the recent European Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks. The analysis is performed by means of a quasi-2D hydraulic model, which has been developed on the basis of a laser-scanning DTM and a large amount of calibration data recorded during the significant flood event of October 2000.
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| 8. |
- CASTELLARIN, A, et al.
(author)
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Optimal Cross-Sectional Spacing in Preissmann Scheme 1D Hydrodynamic Models
- 2009
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In: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. - 0733-9429 .- 1943-7900. ; 135:2, s. 96-105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Choosing a suitable set of cross sections for the representation of the natural geometry of a river is important for the efficiency of one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic models, but only few guidelines are available for the selection of the most suitable distance between cross sections, depending on the hydraulic problem at hand. This issue is investigated by examining models of a ∼55km reach of the River Po, Italy, and a ∼16km reach of the River Severn, United Kingdom, for both of which high quality laser scanning altimetry are available. The high-resolution digital terrain models of the two river reaches enabled the construction of a series of hypothetical topographical ground surveys with different spacing between cross sections, which could be used as input to a standard 1D model (UNET). Both historical and synthetic flood events for the two river reaches were simulated, and the results were then analyzed to quantify the accuracy associated with each resolution and to assess how survey resolution impacts the performance of standard 1D models. The study results agree with the available suggestions in the literature and provide useful guidelines for 1D hydrodynamic modeling.
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| 9. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of the effects of levee heightening on flood propagation : example of the River Po, Italy
- 2009
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 54:6, s. 1007-1017
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of human activities on flood propagation, during the period 1878-2005, in a 190-km reach of the middle-lower portion of the River Po (Northern Italy) are investigated. A series of topographical, hydrological and inundation data were collected for the 1878 River Po geometry and the June 1879 flood event, characterised by an inundated area of 432 km(2). The aim of the study is two-fold: (1) to show the applicability of flood inundation models in reconstructing historical inundation events, and (2) to assess the effects of human activities during the last century on flood propagation in the middle-lower portion of the River Po. Numerical simulations were performed by coupling a two-dimensional finite element code, TELEMAC-2D, with a one-dimensional finite difference code, HEC-RAS.
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| 10. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(author)
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Relationships between statistics of rainfall extremes and mean annual precipitation : an application for design-storm estimation in northern central Italy
- 2006
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In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 10:4, s. 589-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several hydrological analyses need to be founded on a reliable estimate of the design storm, which is the expected rainfall depth corresponding to a given duration and probability of occurrence, usually expressed in terms of return period. The annual series of precipitation maxima for storm duration ranging from 15 min to 1 day, observed at a dense network of raingauges sited in northern central Italy, are analyzed using an approach based on L-moments. The analysis investigates the statistical properties of rainfall extremes and detects significant relationships between these properties and the mean annual precipitation (MAP). On the basis of these relationships, we developed a regional model for estimating the rainfall depth for a given storm duration and recurrence interval in any location of the study region. The applicability of the regional model was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations. The uncertainty of the model for ungauged sites was quantified through an extensive crossvalidation.
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| 11. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(author)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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