| 1. |
- Nordling, J, et al.
(author)
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Primary evaluation of patients suspected of having interstitial cystitis (IC).
- 2004
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In: Eur Urol. - : Elsevier BV. ; 45:5, s. 662-669
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Article Outline 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Physical examination 1.3. Laboratory tests 1.4. Symptom evaluation 1.5. Urodynamics 1.5.1. Modified KCl test: comparative assessment of maximum bladder capacity 2. Cystoscopy 2.1. Technique 2.2. Inspection 3. Morphology 3.1. Biopsies 3.1.1. Number of biopsies 3.1.2. Biopsy handling 3.1.3. Mast cell counting 3.2. The pathology report References
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- van de Merwe, JP, et al.
(author)
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Diagnostic Criteria, Classification, and Nomenclature for Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: An ESSIC Proposal.
- 2008
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 53:1, s. 60-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Objectives Because the term “interstitial cystitis” (IC) has different meanings in different centers and different parts of the world, the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) has worked to create a consensus on definitions, diagnosis, and classification in an attempt to overcome the lack of international agreement on various aspects of IC. Methods ESSIC has discussed definitions, diagnostic criteria, and disease classification in four meetings and extended e-mail correspondence. Results It was agreed to name the disease bladder pain syndrome (BPS). BPS would be diagnosed on the basis of chronic pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency. Confusable diseases as the cause of the symptoms must be excluded. Classification of BPS types might be performed according to findings at cystoscopy with hydrodistention and morphologic findings in bladder biopsies. The presence of other organ symptoms as well as cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and sexual symptoms, should be addressed. Conclusions The name IC has become misleading and is replaced by BPS. This name is in line with recent nomenclature recommendations by the European Association of Urology and is based on the axial structure of the International Association for the Study of Pain classification. To facilitate the change of the name, ESSIC agreed to include IC in the overall term (BPS/IC) during this transition period. Take Home Message The European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis recommends that the name “interstitial cystitis” be changed to “bladder pain syndrome.” A specific definition, diagnostic criteria, and patient evaluation standard are provided.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fall, Magnus, 1941, et al.
(author)
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Hunner lesion disease differs in diagnosis, treatment and outcome from bladder pain syndrome: an ESSIC working group report
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 54:2, s. 91-98
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: There is confusion about the terms of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and Interstitial Cystitis (IC). The European Society for the Study of IC (ESSIC) classified these according to objective findings [9]. One phenotype, Hunner lesion disease (HLD or ESSIC 3C) differs markedly from other presentations. Therefore, the question was raised as to whether this is a separate condition or BPS subtype. Methods: An evaluation was made to explore if HLD differs from other BPS presentations regarding symptomatology, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, endoscopy, histopathology, natural history, epidemiology, prognosis and treatment outcomes. Results: Cystoscopy is the method of choice to identify Hunner lesions, histopathology the method to confirm it. You cannot distinguish between main forms of BPS by means of symptoms, physical examination or laboratory tests. Epidemiologic data are incomplete. HLD seems relatively uncommon, although more frequent in older patients than non-HLD. No indication has been presented of BPS and HLD as a continuum of conditions, one developing into the other. Conclusions: A paradigm shift in the understanding of BPS/IC is urgent. A highly topical issue is to separate HLD and BPS: treatment results and prognoses differ substantially. Since historically, IC was tantamount to Hunner lesions and interstitial inflammation in the bladder wall, still, a valid definition, the term IC should preferably be reserved for HLD patients. BPS is a symptom syndrome without specific objective findings and should be used for other patients fulfilling the ESSIC definitions.
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| 6. |
- Nordling, J, et al.
(author)
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Introduction.
- 2012
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In: Bladder Pain Syndrome-a clinical quide. - USA : Springer verlag. - 9781441969286
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Sridharan, Vignesh, et al.
(author)
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Resilience of the Eastern African electricity sector to climate driven changes in hydropower generation
- 2019
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Notwithstanding current heavy dependence on gas-fired electricity generation in the Eastern African Power Pool (EAPP), hydropower is expected to play an essential role in improving electricity access in the region. Expansion planning of electricity infrastructure is critical to support investment and maintaining balanced consumer electricity prices. Variations in water availability due to a changing climate could leave hydro infrastructure stranded or result in underutilization of available resources. In this study, we develop a framework consisting of long-term models for electricity supply and water systems management, to assess the vulnerability of potential expansion plans to the effects of climate change. We find that the most resilient EAPP rollout strategy corresponds to a plan optimised for a slightly wetter climate compared to historical trends. This study demonstrates that failing to climate-proof infrastructure investments can result in significant electricity price fluctuations in selected countries (Uganda & Tanzania) while others, such as Egypt, are less vulnerable.
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