| 1. |
- Chen, Shan, et al.
(author)
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An efficient enzymatic aminolysis for kinetic resolution of aromatic alpha-hydroxyl acid in non-aqueous media
- 2016
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In: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 57:48, s. 5312-5314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new and highly efficient enzymatic aminolysis approach for kinetic resolution of aromatic a-hydroxy acid in non-aqueous media has been developed. The corresponding alpha-hydroxyl acid ester was employed as the substrate, and commercially available Candida antarctica lipase B is used as the biocatalyst, anhydrous ammonia is the resolving agent. Reactions can be proceeded smoothly in organic solvent at ambient temperatures. High concentration of substrate is allowed due to the application of organic media and the products are obtained in yields of up to 49% with ee values of up to 99%, and with E value of >300, representing an appealing and promising protocol for large-scale preparations.
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| 2. |
- Lai, Heidi T. M., et al.
(author)
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Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes : Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
- 2022
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In: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 45:4, s. 854-863
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have harmful biologic effects that could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of TFA biomarkers and T2D by conducting an individual participant-level pooled analysis.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included data from an international consortium of 12 prospective cohorts and nested case-control studies from six nations. TFA biomarkers were measured in blood collected between 1990 and 2008 from 25,126 participants aged >= 18 years without prevalent diabetes. Each cohort conducted de novo harmonized analyses using a prespecified protocol, and findings were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by prespecified between-study and within-study characteristics.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 2,843 cases of incident T2D were identified. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, no significant associations with T2D were identified for trans/trans-18:2, relative risk (RR) 1.09 (95% CI 0.94-1.25); cis/trans-18:2, 0.89 (0.73-1.07); and trans/cis-18:2, 0.87 (0.73-1.03). Trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated with T2D (RR 0.81 [95% CI 0.67-0.99], 0.86 [0.75-0.99], and 0.84 [0.74-0.96], respectively). Findings were not significantly different according to prespecified sources of potential heterogeneity (each P >= 0.1).CONCLUSIONS: Circulating individual trans-18:2 TFA biomarkers were not associated with risk of T2D, while trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated. Findings may reflect the influence of mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. natural ruminant), a general decline in TFA exposure due to policy changes during this period, or the relatively limited range of TFA levels.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Association of common mental disorders and related multimorbidity with subsequent labor market marginalization among refugee and Swedish-born young adults
- 2023
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In: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Common mental disorders (CMDs), multimorbidity, and refugee status are associated with poor labor market outcome. Little is known about how these factors interact in young adults.Objective: We aimed to i) investigate whether the association of CMDs and multimorbidity with labor market marginalization (LMM) differs between refugee and Swedish-born young adults and ii) identify diagnostic groups with particularly high risk for LMM.Methods: This longitudinal registry-based study included individuals aged 20–25 years followed from 2012 to 2016 in Sweden (41,516 refugees and 207,729 age and sex-matched Swedish-born individuals). LMM was defined as granted disability pension (DP) or > 180 days of unemployment (UE). A disease co-occurrence network was constructed for all diagnostic groups from 2009 to 2011 to derive a personalized multimorbidity score for LMM. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of LMM in refugee and Swedish-born youth as a function of their multimorbidity score. The relative risk (RR, 95% CI) of LMM for refugees with CMDs compared to Swedish-born with CMDs was computed in each diagnostic group.Results: In total, 5.5% of refugees and 7.2% of Swedish-born with CMDs were granted DP; 22.2 and 9.4%, respectively received UE benefit during follow-up. While both CMDs and multimorbidity independently elevated the risk of DP considerably in Swedish-born, CMDs but not multimorbidity elevated the risk of UE. Regarding UE in refugees, multimorbidity with the presence of CMDs showed stronger estimates. Multimorbidity interacted with refugee status toward UE (p < 0.0001) and with CMDs toward DP (p = 0.0049). Two diagnostic groups that demonstrated particularly high RR of UE were schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (RR [95% CI]: 3.46 [1.77, 6.75]), and behavioral syndromes (RR [95% CI]: 3.41 [1.90, 6.10]).Conclusion: To combat LMM, public health measures and intervention strategies need to be tailored to young adults based on their CMDs, multimorbidity, and refugee status.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Associations between Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Labor Market Marginalization among Refugees and Swedish-Born Young Adults-A Nationwide Registered-Based Cohort Study
- 2021
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In: Journal of Personalized Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4426. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Young refugees are at increased risk of labor market marginalization (LMM). We sought to examine whether the association of multimorbidity patterns and LMM differs in refugee youth compared to Swedish-born youth and identify the diagnostic groups driving this association. Methodology: We analyzed 249,245 individuals between 20–25 years, on 31 December 2011, from a combined Swedish registry. Refugees were matched 1:5 to Swedish-born youth. A multimorbidity score was computed from a network of disease co-occurrences in 2009–2011. LMM was defined as disability pension (DP) or >180 days of unemployment during 2012–2016. Relative risks (RR) of LMM were calculated for 114 diagnostic groups (2009–2011). The odds of LMM as a function of multimorbidity score were estimated using logistic regression. Results: 2841 (1.1%) individuals received DP and 16,323 (6.5%) experienced >180 annual days of unemployment during follow-up. Refugee youth had a marginally higher risk of DP (OR (95% CI): 1.59 (1.52, 1.67)) depending on their multimorbidity score compared to Swedish-born youth (OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.48, 1.54)); no differences were found for unemployment (OR (95% CI): 1.15 (1.12, 1.17), 1.12 (1.10, 1.14), respectively). Diabetes mellitus and influenza/pneumonia elevated RR of DP in refugees (RRs (95% CI) 2.4 (1.02, 5.6) and 1.75 (0.88, 3.45), respectively); most diagnostic groups were associated with a higher risk for unemployment in refugees. Conclusion: Multimorbidity related similarly to LMM in refugees and Swedish-born youth, but different diagnoses drove these associations. Targeted prevention, screening, and early intervention strategies towards specific diagnoses may effectively reduce LMM in young adult refugees.
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| 5. |
- Hao, Shuang, et al.
(author)
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Influence of elicitation procedure and phrasing on health state valuations in experience-based time trade-off tasks among diabetes patients in China
- 2020
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In: Quality of Life Research. - : SPRINGER. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29:1, s. 289-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Open-ended and iteration-based time trade-off (TTO) tasks can both be used for valuation of health states. It has so far not been examined how the elicitation procedure affects the valuation of experience-based health states. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of elicitation procedure on experience-based health state values elicited by the TTO method. Methods 156 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes participated in face-to-face interviews with an open-ended or an iteration-based TTO task. The association between the type of TTO task and the valuation of health states was investigated through multiple linear regression analyses. A modified open-ended TTO task was also developed (n = 33) to test whether different phrasings of open-ended TTO tasks influence TTO values. Results Higher TTO values were observed in the original open-ended TTO task compared to the iteration-based task, which indicates that the elicitation procedure influences the valuation of health states. When the modified open-ended task was introduced, the difference between the two elicitation procedures was no longer statistically significant, suggesting that the phrasing and/or visual presentation of the TTO task may influence the valuation of health states. Conclusions The choice of elicitation procedure as well as the description of experience-based TTO tasks may influence the valuation of health states. Further research is warranted, also in other cultural contexts, to further explore these findings.
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| 6. |
- Ma, Yunhan, et al.
(author)
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Leflunomide Inhibits rat-to-Mouse Cardiac Xenograft Rejection by Suppressing Adaptive Immune Cell Response and NF-κB Signaling Activation
- 2021
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In: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe shortage of human donor organs and tissues. The generation of humanized animal models attenuates strong innate immune responses, such as complement-mediated hyperacute rejection. However, acute vascular rejection and cell mediated rejection remain primary barriers to xenotransplantation, which limits its clinical application. In this study, we systematically investigated the immunosuppressive effect of LEF using a rat-to-mouse heart xenotransplantation model. SD rat xenogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 34.5 days after LEF treatment. In contrast, BALB/c allogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 31 days after LEF treatment. Compared to normal saline treatment, LEF treatment decreased xenoreactive T cells and CD19+ B cells in recipient splenocytes. Most importantly, LEF treatment protected myocardial cells by decreasing xenoreactive T and B cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, and IgM deposition in grafts. In vivo assays revealed that LEF treatment eliminated xenoreactive and alloreactive T and B lymphocytes by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these observations complement the evidence supporting the potential use of LEF in xenotransplantation.
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| 7. |
- Sterneland, Therese, et al.
(author)
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Solubility of Co in Cr7c3-Ab initio studies and experimental verification
- 2006
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In: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 54:8, s. 1491-1495
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental determination of the cobalt solubility in the three-phase triangle face-centered cubic + Cr7C3 + graphite have been carried out. In the present work these results are compared with atomistic calculations of the solubility of Co in Cr7C3 phase based on ab initio cohesive energies and lattice inversion method. Comparisons are also made with the literature data reported earlier [Koster W, Sperner F. Arch Eisenhuttenwesen 1955;26:555; Thompson ER, Lemkey FD, Metall Trans 1970-1:2799; Sabin PR, Watts DJ. Metall Trans 1971;2:1260; Sahm PR, Lorenz M, Hugi W, Fruhauf V. Mettal Trans 19723:1022; Tuma H, Lobl K. Kovove Mater 1971;9:221; Fritscher K. Thermochim Acta 1979;29:357].
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| 8. |
- Sun, Sun, et al.
(author)
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Experience-based VAS values for EQ-5D-3L health states in a national general population health survey in China
- 2015
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In: Quality of Life Research. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet University Library. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of deriving experience-based visual analogue scale (VAS) values for EQ-5D-3L health states using national general population health survey data in China. METHODS: The EQ-5D-3L was included in the National Health Services Survey (n = 120,709, aged 15-103 years) to measure health-related quality of life. The respondents reported their current health status on a VAS and completed the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, enabling modelling of the association between the experience-based VAS values and self-reported problems on EQ-5D dimensions and severity levels. RESULTS: VAS values were generally negatively associated with problems reported on the EQ-5D dimensions, and the anxiety/depression dimension had the greatest impact on VAS values. A previously obtained value for dead allowed the values for all 243 EQ-5D-3L health states to be transformed to the 0-1 scale (0 = dead, 1 = full health). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the feasibility of deriving an experience-based VAS values for EQ-5D-3L health states in China. The analysis of these VAS data raises more fundamental issues concerning the universal nature of the classification system and the extent to which Chinese respondents utilise the same concepts of health as defined by this classification system.
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| 9. |
- Sun, Sun, et al.
(author)
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Population health status in China : EQ-5D results, by age, sex and socio-economic status, from the National Health Services Survey 2008
- 2011
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In: Quality of Life Research. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics. - 1573-2649 .- 0962-9343.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To measure and analyse national EQ-5D data and to provide norms for the Chinese general population by age, sex, educational level, income and employment status. Methods: The EQ-5D instrument was included in the National Health Services Survey 2008 (n = 120,703) to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL). All descriptive analyses by socio-economic status (educational level, income and employment status) and by clinical characteristics (discomfort during the past 2 weeks, diagnosed with chronic diseases during the past 6 months and hospitalised during the past 12 months) were stratified by sex and age group. Results: Health status declines with advancing age, and women reported worse health status than men, which is in line with EQ-5D population health studies in other countries and previous population health studies in China. The EQ-5D instrument distinguished well for the known groups: positive association between socio-economic status and HRQoL was observed among the Chinese population. Persons with clinical characteristics had worse HRQoL than those without. Conclusions: This study provides Chinese population HRQoL data measured by the EQ-5D instrument, based on a national representative sample. The main findings for different subgroups are consistent with results from EQ-5D population studies in other countries, and discriminative validity was supported.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Sun, et al.
(author)
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Regional differences in health status in China : population health-related quality of life results from the National Health Services Survey 2008
- 2011
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In: Health & Place. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics. - 1873-2054 .- 1353-8292.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: to measure, describe and analyse regional differences in health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D in China. Data were obtained via face-to-face interviews on a national representative sample (n=120,703, 15-103 years). The EQ-5D instrument was used to measure health status. Results: Rural areas had worse health status than urban areas. Health status was worst in western areas and best in eastern areas, and such disparities were profounder in rural areas. In urban areas, health status was best in middle-sized cities. In rural areas, health status increased with the economic development level of a county. Conclusion: Our study enhances understanding of the urban-rural differences and east-middle-west differences in health and sheds light on inequalities in health status between different city categories in the urban areas and county categories in the rural areas.
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| 11. |
- Sun, Sun, et al.
(author)
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Subjective well-being and its association with subjective health status, age, sex, region, and socio-economic characteristics in a Chinese population study
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Happiness Studies. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Public Health Sciences. - 1573-7780 .- 1389-4978.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyse how subjective well-being (SWB) in a Chinese population varies with subjective health status, age, sex, region and socio-economic characteristics. In the Household Health Survey 2010, face-to-face interviews were carried out in urban and rural counties in eastern, middle and western areas of China (n = 8,000, aged 15–102 years). To measure subjective health status, a global self-rated health question, the EQ-5D descriptive system, and a visual analogue scale of health status was included. To measure SWB, a validated Chinese version of a question on self-reported happiness, adopted from the World Values Survey, was included. SWB increased with socio-economic status (income and education), and was lower among unemployed individuals and divorced individuals. SWB also increased strongly with subjective health status. When health status was divided into different dimensions using the EQ-5D, the anxiety/depression dimension was the most important dimension for SWB. The reported SWB was also higher in rural counties than in urban counties in the same area, after controlling for socio-economic characteristics and subjective health status
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| 12. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Atomistic simulation on the structural properties and phase stability for Cr23C6 and Mn23C6
- 2006
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In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 420:1-2, s. 269-272
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on the successful applications of lattice inversion method in many fields, the crystal structure and phase stability of Cr23C6 and Mn23C6 are investigated using the interatomic potentials obtained by lattice inversion method in this research. The calculated atomic coordinates and crystal parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results and the phase stability of Cr23C6 and Mn23C6 are tested by random atom shifts and global deformations. The calculated energy also indicates that the Cr23C6 is more stable than Mn23C6.
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| 13. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Atomistic study on the site preference and thermodynamic properties for Cr23-xFexC6
- 2005
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 53:20, s. 5305-5312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The site preference of Fe in Cr23-xFexC6 is investigated based on the interatomic potentials obtained by the lattice inversion method. The calculated results show that Fe atoms preferentially Substitute For Cr at 4a sites first and then 8c sites. The structural parameters of Cr23-xFexC6 With content x are calculated and the results are consistent with experimental results. The calculated cohesive energies indicate that the increase in x value is accompanied by the decrease in the stability of Cr23-xFexC6. The thermodynamic properties of Cr23C6, such as the phonon density of states and vibrational entropy, as well as the bulk modulus of Cr23-xFexC6 are evaluated. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results. This work provides a simple and promising method for Studying the properties of carbides with complex structures
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| 14. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Atomistic study on the structure and thermodynamic properties of Cr7C3, Mn7C3, Fe7C3
- 2005
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 53:9, s. 2727-2732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The crystal structures and stabilities of Cr7C3, Mn7C3, Fe7C3 have been investigated using the interatomic potentials obtained by the lattice inversion method. The calculated structures of Cr7C3, Mn7C3 and Fe7C3 are proposed to be hexagonal with P6(3)mc space group and the calculated lattice constants are in basic agreement with the experimental data. The calculated cohesive energies indicate that the increase in the atomic number of the metal is accompanied by the decrease in the stability of its carbides. The phonon density of states and vibrational entropy related to dynamic phenomena are also evaluated. This work provides a new method for studying the properties of carbides with complex structure.
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| 15. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Site preference and mechanical properties of Cr23-xTxC6 and Fe21T2C6 (T = Mo, W)
- 2006
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 54:18, s. 4653-4658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The site preference, stability, crystal structure and mechanical properties of Cr23-xTxC6 and Fe21T2C6 (T = Mo, W) carbides have been investigated using inverted pair potentials. Among the four different kinds of metal sites in these compounds, the most preferential sites for Mo atoms or W atoms are 8c sites. The result of stability indicates that each of the Mo atoms and W atoms significantly increases the stability of Cr23C6 and Fe23C6. The stability of Fe21T2C6 is lower than that of Cr21T2C6 and the carbides containing W atoms are more stable than those containing Mo atoms. The calculated structural properties are in good agreement with experimental data. Further-more, the mechanical properties have also been evaluated and the results indicate that Mo atoms or W atoms can improve the hardenability of the systems.
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| 16. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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STING activation in TET2-mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased self-renewal and neoplastic transformation
- 2023
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In: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 37:12, s. 2457-2467
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the dioxygenase Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) occur frequently in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These common hematopoietic disorders can be recapitulated in mouse models. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the deficiency in TET2 promotes these disorders remain unclear. Here we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is activated to mediate the effect of TET2 deficiency in dysregulated hematopoiesis in mouse models. DNA damage arising in Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway which in turn promotes the enhanced self-renewal and development of CH. Notably, both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of STING suppresses Tet2 mutation-induced aberrant hematopoiesis. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, STING inhibition specifically attenuates the proliferation of leukemia cells from TET2-mutated individuals. These observations suggest that the development of CH associated with TET2 mutations is powered through chronic inflammation dependent on the activated cGAS-STING pathway and that STING may represent a potential target for intervention of relevant hematopoietic diseases.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Thermodynamic studies of the Fe-Cr-C-N system by EMF measurements
- 2007
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In: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5615 .- 1543-1916. ; 38:1, s. 93-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, the Fe-Cr-C-N alloys were synthesized by nitriding the Fe, Cr, and C powder mixtures at 1573 K in the N-2 gas (101 325 Pa). The nitrogen content and phase relationships at 1173 K in the alloys were investigated by the use of an equilibration technique. The thermodynamic activities of chromium in the alloys were studied using the solid-state galvanic cell method with CaF2 as the solid electrolyte in the temperature range 973 to 1173 K in an atmosphere of N-2 gas (101 325 Pa). The activities of chromium in the Fe-Cr-C-N alloys were calculated and compared with those of the corresponding Fe-Cr-C ternary alloys with pure bcc-Cr as standard state. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were used to identify the equilibrium phases and microstructures of the investigated alloys. The experimental results show that a Cr2N-based nitride was formed during the nitriding procedure in the alloys. The nitrogen content in the alloys decreases with the decreasing chromium content, as well as the increasing temperature. The addition of nitrogen to the ternary Fe-Cr-C alloy was found to have a strong negative impact on the Cr activity in the Fe-Cr-C-N system.
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| 19. |
- Zhuo, Lang, et al.
(author)
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Time Trade-Off Value Set for EQ-5D-3L Based on a Nationally Representative Chinese Population Survey
- 2018
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In: Value in Health. - : Elsevier. - 1098-3015 .- 1524-4733. ; 21:11, s. 1330-1337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To obtain a nationally representative Chinese three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire value set based on the time trade-off (TTO) method.Methods: A multistage, stratified, clustered random nationally representative Chinese sample was used. The study design followed an adapted UK Measurement and Valuation of Health protocol. Each respondent valued 11 random states plus state 33333 and "unconscious" using the TTO method in face-to-face interviews. Three types of models were explored: ordinary least squares, general least squares, and weighted least squares models.Results: In total, 5939 inhabitants aged 15 years and older were interviewed. Of these, 5503 satisfactorily interviewed participants were included in constructing models. An ordinary least squares model including 10 dummies without constant and N3 had a mean absolute error of 0.083 and a correlation coefficient of 0.899 between the predicted and mean values. Goodness-of-fit indices of two models based on split subsample were similar.Conclusions: TTO values were higher in our study compared with those in a study carried out in urban areas, which is mirrored by the higher values in rural areas. Several other aspects, in addition to the valuation procedure, might have influenced the results, such as factors beyond demographic factors such as view on life and death and believing in an afterlife, which need further investigation. Future studies using the three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire should consider using this value set based on a nationally representative sample of the Chinese population.
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