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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Alimena, Juliette, et al.
(author)
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Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2020
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In: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 47:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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| 3. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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In: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 4. |
- Cao, Zhi, et al.
(author)
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Adherence to a healthy lifestyle counteracts the negative effects of risk factors on all-cause mortality in the oldest-old
- 2019
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In: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 11:18, s. 7605-7619
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the study, we examined the extent to which the harmful effects of risk factors on all-cause mortality can be counteracted by healthy lifestyle practices in the oldest-old (80 years of age and older). A total of 17,660 oldest-old from China were followed up for up to 10 years. The data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model with adjustment for potential confounders. We found that having a rural residence, not being married, having lower economic status, physical disability, impaired cognitive function, or comorbidity were all associated with an elevated risk of mortality. Using these factors, we computed a weighted risk score. Because never smoking, never drinking, doing physical exercise, having an ideal diet, and a normal weight were independently associated with lower mortality, we also combined them to compute a weighted protection score. Both scores were divided into lowest, middle, and highest groups using their tertiles. In joint effect analyses, participants with the combined highest-risk score and lowest-protection score profile had a nearly threefold higher joint death risk. These analyses show that adherence to a healthy lifestyle counteracts the negative effect of risk factors on all-cause mortality in the oldest-old by more than 20%.
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| 5. |
- Cao, Zhi, et al.
(author)
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Role of Cognitive Impairment, Physical Disability, and Chronic Conditions in the Association of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality Among Very Old Adults
- 2020
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In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 21:10, s. 1458-1463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality, and to assess the role of cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions on this association among very old adults.Design: A prospective cohort study.Setting and Participants: Within the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys, 17,637 oldest-old aged 80-105 years were followed up to 10 years (2005- 2014).Measures: Data on sleep duration at baseline were based on self-report and were categorized as short (<7 hour), moderate (7-9 hours), and long sleep (>9 hours). Information on cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), physical disability using Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and chronic conditions including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, asthma, and cancer were collected at baseline based on a structured questionnaire. Information about vital status was ascertained and confirmed by a close family member or village doctor of the participant during the follow-up. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: During the follow-up of 10 years, 11,067 (62.7%) participants died. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality were 1.03 (0.98-1.09) for short sleep and 1.13 (1.08-1.18) for long sleep compared with moderate sleep duration. In stratified analysis by cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions, the risk of morality was present only among people with MMSE scores <= 24 but did not differ much when stratified by physical disability and chronic conditions. There was a statistically significant interaction between long sleep and cognitive impairment on mortality (P for interaction = .002).Conclusions and Implications: Long sleep duration is associated with higher risk of mortality in very old adults independently of health conditions. Cognitive impairment may enhance this association. These findings suggest that health practitioners and families should be aware of the potential adverse prognosis associated with long sleep.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Yaqi, et al.
(author)
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Insight into the Extreme Side Reaction between LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 during Cosintering for All-Solid-State Batteries
- 2023
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In: Chemistry of Materials. - 1520-5002 .- 0897-4756. ; 35:22, s. 9647-9656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All-solid-sate batteries (ASSBs) with a NASICON-type solid-state electrolyte (SSE) of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) can be accepted as a promising candidate to significantly improve safety and energy density due to their high oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity. However, thermodynamic instability between the cathode and LATP is scarcely investigated during cosintering preparation for the integrated configuration of ASSBs. Herein, the structural compatibility between commercially layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and LATP SSE was systematically investigated by cosintering at 600 °C. It is noticeable that an extreme side reaction between Li from NCM523 and phosphate from LATP happens during its cosintering process, leading to a severe phase transition from a layered to a spinel structure with high Li/Ni mixing. Consequently, the capacity of NCM523 is lost during the preparation of the NCM523-LATP composite cathode. Based on this, we suggested that the interface modification of the NCM523/LATP interface is valued significantly to inhibit this extreme side reaction, quickening the application of LATP-based ASSBs.
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| 7. |
- Jiao, Xingxing, et al.
(author)
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Crumpled Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Wrapped Phosphorus Composite as a Promising Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2019
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In: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8252 .- 1944-8244. ; 11:34, s. 30858-30864
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Red phosphorus (P) has recently gained wide attention because of the high theoretical capacity of 2596 mA h/g, which has been regarded as promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the actual application of red P in LIBs is hampered by the huge expansion of volume and low electronic conductivity. Herein, we design a kind of red phosphorus/crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene (P/CNG) nanocomposites with high capacity density and great rate performance as anode material for LIBs. This anode material was rationally fabricated through the scalable ball-milling method. The nanocomposite structure of P/CNG improves the electron conductivity and alleviates volume change of raw red P because of the three-dimension (3D) framework, massive defects and active sites of CNG sheets. As expected, the P/CNG composite shows excellent electrochemical performances, including high capacity (2522.6 mA h/g at 130 mA/g), remarkable rate capability (1340.5 mA h/g at 3900 mA/g), and great cyclability (1470.1 mA h/g at 1300 mA/g for 300 cycles). This work may provide a broad prospect for a great rate performance of P-based anode material for LIBs.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Yangyang, et al.
(author)
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UHRF2 promotes DNA damage response by decreasing p21 via RING finger domain
- 2018
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In: Biotechnology letters. - : SPRINGER. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 40:8, s. 1181-1188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the interaction of E3 ubiquitin ligase UHRF2 with p21 and the mechanism of UHRF2 in repairing DNA damage caused by hydroxyurea (HU) in HEK293 cells. Western blotting indicated that the overexpression of UHRF2 reduced the level of p21, particularly in HEK293 cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining reveled that UHRF2 combined with p21 in the nucleus. In addition, UHRF2 degraded p21 through ubiquitination and shortened the half-life of p21. UHRF2 could repair DNA damage caused by HU treatment, which was impaired by the inhibition of p21 in HEK293 cells. UHRF2 may negatively modulate p21 to regulate DNA damage response, suggesting a novel pathway of UHRF2 repairing DNA damage through the partial regulation of p21.
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| 9. |
- Yangyang, Zhao, et al.
(author)
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Irregular Demand Pattern Analysis Under Unplanned Disruptions in Urban Rail Systems
- 2024
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stations’ irregular demand evolutions exhibit different patterns under unplanned disruptions given the disruption types, operation management, and passenger travel choices. Existing studies mainly focus on irregular demand detection, but lack a deep analysis of its patterns that are essential in guiding targeted countermeasure development, such as train timetable adjustment and emergency evacuation planning. Daily demand fluctuations and imbalanced disruption types make clustering and analyzing irregular demand patterns a challenging task. To address the problem, this paper presents a robust demand decomposition and clustering model for irregular demand pattern analysis under unplanned disruptions. It consists of, an irregular demand detection model, i.e., a robust principal component analysis (RPCA)-based model, and an irregular demand pattern clustering model, i.e., a robust discretization-based clustering model. The RPCA-based model is used to identify irregular demand by decomposing observed demand into regular and irregular demand. The robust discretization-based clustering model, which considers the non-sparse issue and the imbalanced issue of irregular demand sequences (caused by the daily demand fluctuations and imbalanced disruption types, respectively), is developed with a customized discrete input module, distance metric module, and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (H-DBSCAN) module, to identify irregular demand patterns. We validate the proposed model using synthetic and real-world data from the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway system. Compared with other baseline models, the results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively identify irregular demand patterns rather than wrongly mixing them or classifying them as outliers. The factors that lead to each identified entry/exit irregular demand pattern are analyzed at a station level and illustrated through binary tree-based architectures, which enable operators to predict irregular demand patterns under unplanned disruptions.
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