| 1. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(author)
-
The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(author)
-
The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
-
In: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
|
|
| 3. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(author)
-
The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
|
|
| 4. |
- de Vries, Paul S., et al.
(author)
-
Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions
- 2019
-
In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 188:6, s. 1033-1054
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies in stage 1 (genome-wide discovery) and 66 studies in stage 2 (focused follow-up), for a total of 394,584 individuals from 5 ancestry groups. Analyses covered the period July 2014-November 2017. Genetic main effects and interaction effects were jointly assessed by means of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) test, and a 1-df test was used to assess the interaction effects alone. Variants at 495 loci were at least suggestively associated (P < 1 x 10(-6)) with lipid levels in stage 1 and were evaluated in stage 2, followed by combined analyses of stage 1 and stage 2. In the combined analysis of stages 1 and 2, a total of 147 independent loci were associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8) using 2-df tests, of which 18 were novel. No genome-wide-significant associations were found testing the interaction effect alone. The novel loci included several genes (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC1) complementation factor (A1CF)) that have a putative role in lipid metabolism on the basis of existing evidence from cellular and experimental models.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 6. |
- Lange, Leslie A, et al.
(author)
-
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Rare and Low-Frequency Coding Variants Associated with LDL Cholesterol.
- 2014
-
In: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 94:2, s. 233-245
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a treatable, heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 157 variants associated with lipid levels but are not well suited to assess the impact of rare and low-frequency variants. To determine whether rare or low-frequency coding variants are associated with LDL-C, we exome sequenced 2,005 individuals, including 554 individuals selected for extreme LDL-C (>98(th) or <2(nd) percentile). Follow-up analyses included sequencing of 1,302 additional individuals and genotype-based analysis of 52,221 individuals. We observed significant evidence of association between LDL-C and the burden of rare or low-frequency variants in PNPLA5, encoding a phospholipase-domain-containing protein, and both known and previously unidentified variants in PCSK9, LDLR and APOB, three known lipid-related genes. The effect sizes for the burden of rare variants for each associated gene were substantially higher than those observed for individual SNPs identified from GWASs. We replicated the PNPLA5 signal in an independent large-scale sequencing study of 2,084 individuals. In conclusion, this large whole-exome-sequencing study for LDL-C identified a gene not known to be implicated in LDL-C and provides unique insight into the design and analysis of similar experiments.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(author)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Asselbergs, Folkert W., et al.
(author)
-
Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-analysis across 32 Studies Identifies Multiple Lipid Loci
- 2012
-
In: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 91:5, s. 823-838
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many SNPs underlying variations in plasma-lipid levels. We explore whether additional loci associated with plasma-lipid phenotypes, such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs), can be identified by a dense gene-centric approach. Our meta-analysis of 32 studies in 66,240 individuals of European ancestry was based on the custom similar to 50,000 SNP genotyping array (the ITMAT-Broad-CARe array) covering similar to 2,000 candidate genes. SNP-lipid associations were replicated either in a cohort comprising an additional 24,736 samples or within the Global Lipid Genetic Consortium. We identified four, six, ten, and four unreported SNPs in established lipid genes for HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TGs, respectively. We also identified several lipid-related SNPs in previously unreported genes: DGAT2, HCAR2, GPIHBP1, PPARG, and FTO for HDL-C; SOCS3, APOH, SPTY2D1, BRCA2, and VLDLR for LDL-C; SOCS3, UGT1A1, BRCA2, UBE3B, FCGR2A, CHUK, and INSIG2 for TC; and SERPINF2, C4B, GCK, GATA4, INSR, and LPAL2 for TGs. The proportion of explained phenotypic variance in the subset of studies providing individual-level data was 9.9% for HDL-C, 9.5% for LDL-C, 10.3% for TC, and 8.0% for TGs. This large meta-analysis of lipid phenotypes with the use of a dense gene-centric approach identified multiple SNPs not previously described in established lipid genes and several previously unknown loci. The explained phenotypic variance from this approach was comparable to that from a meta-analysis of GWAS data, suggesting that a focused genotyping approach can further increase the understanding of heritability of plasma lipids.
|
|
| 9. |
- Clift, Roland, et al.
(author)
-
The Challenges of Applying Planetary Boundaries as a Basis for Strategic Decision-Making in Companies with Global Supply Chains
- 2017
-
In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 9:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework represents a significant advance in specifying the ecological constraints on human development. However, to enable decision-makers in business and public policy to respect these constraints in strategic planning, the PB framework needs to be developed to generate practical tools. With this objective in mind, we analyse the recent literature and highlight three major scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the PB approach in decision-making: first, identification of thresholds or boundaries with associated metrics for different geographical scales; second, the need to frame approaches to allocate fair shares in the 'safe operating space' bounded by the PBs across the value chain and; third, the need for international bodies to co-ordinate the implementation of the measures needed to respect the Planetary Boundaries. For the first two of these challenges, we consider how they might be addressed for four PBs: climate change, freshwater use, biosphere integrity and chemical pollution and other novel entities. Four key opportunities are identified: (1) development of a common system of metrics that can be applied consistently at and across different scales; (2) setting 'distance from boundary' measures that can be applied at different scales; (3) development of global, preferably open-source, databases and models; and (4) advancing understanding of the interactions between the different PBs. Addressing the scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the planetary boundaries needs be complemented with progress in addressing the equity and ethical issues in allocating the safe operating space between companies and sectors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals
- 2011
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 478:7370, s. 476-482
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering similar to 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for similar to 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate-and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.
|
|
| 11. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(author)
-
Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events : A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
- 2019
-
In: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk.METHODS: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD.RESULTS: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUSCHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; P for interaction < 0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09).CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
|
|
| 12. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(author)
-
Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease : Design and Rationale of the GENIUS-CHD Consortium
- 2019
-
In: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium was established to facilitate discovery and validation of genetic variants and biomarkers for risk of subsequent CHD events, in individuals with established CHD.METHODS: The consortium currently includes 57 studies from 18 countries, recruiting 185 614 participants with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. All studies collected biological samples and followed-up study participants prospectively for subsequent events.RESULTS: Enrollment into the individual studies took place between 1985 to present day with a duration of follow-up ranging from 9 months to 15 years. Within each study, participants with CHD are predominantly of self-reported European descent (38%-100%), mostly male (44%-91%) with mean ages at recruitment ranging from 40 to 75 years. Initial feasibility analyses, using a federated analysis approach, yielded expected associations between age (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) per 5-year increase, male sex (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21) and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51) with risk of subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction and differing associations with other individual and composite cardiovascular endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: GENIUS-CHD is a global collaboration seeking to elucidate genetic and nongenetic determinants of subsequent event risk in individuals with established CHD, to improve residual risk prediction and identify novel drug targets for secondary prevention. Initial analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a federated analysis approach. The consortium now plans to initiate and test novel hypotheses as well as supporting replication and validation analyses for other investigators.
|
|
| 13. |
- Werren, John H, et al.
(author)
-
Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species.
- 2010
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 327:5963, s. 343-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.
|
|
| 14. |
- Willeit, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Natriuretic peptides and integrated risk assessment for cardiovascular disease : an individual-participant-data meta-analysis
- 2016
-
In: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 4:10, s. 840-849
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases focus on prediction of coronary heart disease and stroke. We assessed whether or not measurement of N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration could enable a more integrated approach than at present by predicting heart failure and enhancing coronary heart disease and stroke risk assessment. Methods: In this individual-participant-data meta-analysis, we generated and harmonised individual-participant data from relevant prospective studies via both de-novo NT-proBNP concentration measurement of stored samples and collection of data from studies identified through a systematic search of the literature (PubMed, Scientific Citation Index Expanded, and Embase) for articles published up to Sept 4, 2014, using search terms related to natriuretic peptide family members and the primary outcomes, with no language restrictions. We calculated risk ratios and measures of risk discrimination and reclassification across predicted 10 year risk categories (ie, <5%, 5% to <7.5%, and >= 7.5%), adding assessment of NT-proBNP concentration to that of conventional risk factors (ie, age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol concentrations). Primary outcomes were the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke, and the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Findings: We recorded 5500 coronary heart disease, 4002 stroke, and 2212 heart failure outcomes among 95617 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease in 40 prospective studies. Risk ratios (for a comparison of the top third vs bottom third of NT-proBNP concentrations, adjusted for conventional risk factors) were 1.76 (95% CI 1.56-1.98) for the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke and 2.00 (1.77-2.26) for the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Addition of information about NT-proBNP concentration to a model containing conventional risk factors was associated with a C-index increase of 0.012 (0.010-0.014) and a net reclassification improvement of 0.027 (0.019-0.036) for the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke and a C-index increase of 0.019 (0.016-0.022) and a net reclassification improvement of 0.028 (0.019-0.038) for the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Interpretation: In people without baseline cardiovascular disease, NT-proBNP concentration assessment strongly predicted first-onset heart failure and augmented coronary heart disease and stroke prediction, suggesting that NT-proBNP concentration assessment could be used to integrate heart failure into cardiovascular disease primary prevention.
|
|
| 15. |
- Yu, Bing, et al.
(author)
-
Supplemental Association of Clonal Hematopoiesis With Incident Heart Failure
- 2021
-
In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097. ; 78:1, s. 42-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), defined as clonally expanded leukemogenic sequence variations (particularly in DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, and JAK2) in asymptomatic individuals, is associated with cardiovascular events, including recurrent heart failure (HF). Objectives: This study sought to evaluate whether CHIP is associated with incident HF. Methods: CHIP status was obtained from whole exome or genome sequencing of blood DNA in participants without prevalent HF or hematological malignancy from 5 cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models were performed within each cohort, adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors, followed by fixed-effect meta-analyses. Large CHIP clones (defined as variant allele frequency >10%), HF with or without baseline coronary heart disease, and left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated in secondary analyses. Results: Of 56,597 individuals (59% women, mean age 58 years at baseline), 3,406 (6%) had CHIP, and 4,694 developed HF (8.3%) over up to 20 years of follow-up. CHIP was prospectively associated with a 25% increased risk of HF in meta-analysis (hazard ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.38) with consistent associations across cohorts. ASXL1, TET2, and JAK2 sequence variations were each associated with an increased risk of HF, whereas DNMT3A sequence variations were not associated with HF. Secondary analyses suggested large CHIP was associated with a greater risk of HF (hazard ratio: 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-1.44), and the associations for CHIP on HF with and without prior coronary heart disease were homogenous. ASXL1 sequence variations were associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: CHIP, particularly sequence variations in ASXL1, TET2, and JAK2, represents a new risk factor for HF.
|
|
| 16. |
- Zhao, Chaoyang, et al.
(author)
-
A massive expansion of effector genes underlies gall-formation in the wheat pest Mayetiola destructor
- 2015
-
In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 25:5, s. 613-620
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gall-forming arthropods are highly specialized herbivores that, in combination with their hosts, produce extended phenotypes with unique morphologies [1]. Many are economically important, and others have improved our understanding of ecology and adaptive radiation [2]. However, the mechanisms that these arthropods use to induce plant galls are poorly understood. We sequenced the genome of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a plant parasitic gall midge and a pest of wheat (Triticum spp.), with the aim of identifying genic modifications that contribute to its plant-parasitic lifestyle. Among several adaptive modifications, we discovered an expansive reservoir of potential effector proteins. Nearly 5% of the 20,163 predicted gene models matched putative effector gene transcripts present in the M. destructor larval salivary gland. Another 466 putative effectors were discovered among the genes that have no sequence similarities in other organisms. The largest known arthropod gene family (family SSGP-71) was also discovered within the effector reservoir. SSGP-71 proteins lack sequence homologies to other proteins, but their structures resemble both ubiquitin E3 ligases in plants and E3-ligase-mimicking effectors in plant pathogenic bacteria. SSGP-71 proteins and wheat Skp proteins interact in vivo. Mutations in different SSGP-71 genes avoid the effector-triggered immunity that is directed by the wheat resistance genes H6 and H9. Results point to effectors as the agents responsible for arthropod-induced plant gall formation.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Andersson, Christopher B., et al.
(author)
-
Conceptualizing the diverse values of nature and their contributions to people
- 2022
-
In: The Methodological Assessment Report on The Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature. - : Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. ; , s. 55
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Humanity confronts multiple socio-environmental crises that are also a values crisis (e.g., biodiversity loss, climate change, emergent diseases) {2.1.1; 2.1.2}. There is consensus that environmental decision-making can be enhanced by being more inclusive of nature’s diverse values {2.1.1}. Yet, understanding nature’s values requires grasping different conceptualizations of the ways people interpret and experience human-nature relationships, such as worldviews informed by different knowledge systems, cultures, languages and disciplines. Better engagement of this diversity offers opportunities to make policies more rigorous, effective and inclusive {2.1.2}. Chapter 2 aims to help decision-makers characterize and assess different conceptualizations of the diverse values of nature and how they are expressed, formed and changed (Figure 2.1). It uses scoping, systematic and critical reviews, complemented with regionally- and thematically balanced case studies to assess academic literature, government policies and indigenous and local knowledge (ILK). Findings provide conceptual background for subsequent chapters and insights for decision-makers to engage, manage and incorporate the conceptual diversity of values in governance frameworks that have impact on nature and its contributions to people (Figure 2.2). Key messages highlight (i) concepts that help diagnose policy-relevant challenges and opportunities and (ii) guidance to use these concepts in solutions to achieve better conceptual, practical and ethical outcomes {2.1}.
|
|
| 21. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
|
|
| 22. |
- Bolton, Kim, et al.
(author)
-
SimChemistry as an active learning tool in chemical education
- 2008
-
In: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - : University of Ioannina. - 1756-1108. ; 9:3, s. 277-284
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The publicly available free computer program, SimChemistry, was used as an active learning tool in the chemical engineering curriculum at the University College of Borås, Sweden. The activity involved students writing their own simulation programs on topics in the area of molecular structure and interactions. Evaluation of the learning experience was done using interviews and by comparing learning outcomes with previous teachings of the topics. Overall, the outcome was interactively engaging group work, high quality construction of simulations, and a much better ability to explain molecular-level chemical concepts and their relations. An interesting perception that emerged during the interviews was that many of the students were unable to explicitly describe the improvement in learning that they had experienced. However, they did recognize that learning had occurred, and all firmly and positively recommended that the initiative be continued for subsequent courses.
|
|
| 23. |
- Bolton, Kim, 1964, et al.
(author)
-
SimChemistry as an active learning tool in chemical education.
- 2008
-
In: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1756-1108 .- 1109-4028. ; 9:3, s. 277-284
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The publicly available free computer program, SimChemistry, was used as an active learning tool in the chemical engineering curriculum at the University College of Borås, Sweden. The activity involved students writing their own simulation programs on topics in the area of molecular structure and interactions. Evaluation of the learning experience was done using interviews and by comparing learning outcomes with previous teachings of the topics. Overall, the outcome was interactively engaging group work, high quality construction of simulations, and a much better ability to explain molecular-level chemical concepts and their relations. An interesting perception that emerged during the interviews was that many of the students were unable to explicitly describe the improvement in learning that they had experienced. However, they did recognize that learning had occurred, and all firmly and positively recommended that the initiative be continued for subsequent courses.
|
|
| 24. |
- Büntgen, Ulf, et al.
(author)
-
Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE
- 2022
-
In: Science Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-9273. ; 67:22, s. 2336-2344
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23 forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89 Blue Rings (lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings (cell deformation and collapse), and 93 Light Rings (reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and 548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
A model for the supervision of PhD students
- 2006
-
In: Shifting paradigms in Engineering Education / publ. by Chalmers Strategic Effort on Learning and Teaching (C-SELT), Chalmers University of Technology, Chapter 28. ; , s. 289-298
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 28. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Adult Education: a guestion of values
- 1997
-
In: Proceedings of the 37th APACE National COnference, University of South Australia, Adelaide 24-26 September 1997.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Asking the right questions about assessment
- 2001
-
In: EPE conference on tomorrow's education in electrical technologies, Liége Belgium, 14-16 March 2001.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946
(author)
-
Australia 's immigration policy: a can of soup
- 1998
-
In: International conference on European migration to Australia and New Zealand, Stockholm and Åbo, 3-6 June 1998.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 35. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Barriers to innovation in online pedagogy
- 2009
-
In: European Journal of Engineering Education. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd.. - 0304-3797 .- 1469-5898.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, the authors report on a study that was carried out at the University College of Boras. Teachers using an online learning platform (WebCT) were surveyed to see to what extent they made use of the various features available to them on the learning platform. The extent to which teachers employed all the features was low. The article provides comparative details about the use of the various features (chat, discussion forums, assessment etc) and analyses reasons for their underutilisation. This case study is used to make more general points about pedagogy of online learning and discusses the need for greater cooperation between all the stakeholders involved in putting courses online. It can be counter productive for a university to simply impose a learning management system upon its teaching staff and decree that they put their courses online. If a university is concerned with quality and innovation in the education it offers its students, then a great deal of groundwork needs to be done if teachers and students are going to get the most out of a move to blended or online learning. This article offers a number of recommendations for ensuring that teachers embrace rather than resist a move to innovative and quality assured online education. (Contains 1 note and 2 figures.)
|
|
| 36. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Barriers to innovation in online pedagogy
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the SEFI conference, Aalborg, Denmark, 2-5 July 2008.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper was based on research into the extent to which teachers at a small Swedish university made use of the learning management system (LMS) available to them (WebCT). The research indicated that teachers used a very small number of the tools offered in the learning platform and the paper argued that there were a number of reasons for this. Responses from a questionnaire that was administered it was clear that the barriers to more effective use of the LMS had much to do with lack of technical and pedagogical support and the failure to create a forum where more experienced users could help those who were novices at online teaching and learning.
|
|
| 37. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Becoming a doctoral student. Why students decide to do a PhD
- 2006
-
In: Shifting Perspectives in Engineering Education / publ. Chalmers Strategic Effort on Learning and Teaching (C-SELT), Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg. ; , s. 320-331
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 38. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Becoming physicists
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Arts & Humanities, Hawaii. - 1541-5899. ; , s. 1993-2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper makes use of research into group work in a first year physics course to raise questions and argue a case concerning the induction of young scientists into the discipline of physics. In doing so it focuses our attention on academic disciplines in general, how they have been constructed, how power within them is maintained, their affect on knowledge building and how, if power is abused and knowledge stunted, they might be deconstructed. Data from videotapes of the group work is analysed to see how young physicists take their first steps within their discipline, both intellectually, in terms of subject matter, and socially, in terms of a community of practice. We make use of the work of Jan Nespor (1994) to argue that the way the first year physics students work is different from small groups in other disciplines. By investigating the ‘storylines’ that emerge in the group work (Harre and van Langenhove, 1999; Linehan and McCarthy, 2000) we are able to synthesise the various plots inherent in the students’ interaction and better understand how they situate themselves as novice physicists.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946-, et al.
(author)
-
Creative ways of developing teaching competencies at the university level
- 2010
-
In: The proceedings of XXIV CESE Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, 16-18 August 2010.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2003, a change was made in the Swedish Higher Education Ordinance, stating that those who want to be employed as a senior lecturer or as a subject teacher must be able to show evidence of pedagogical training. Today, most universities in Sweden have pedagogical development units that offer a ten week course in pedagogy for university teachers. The dilemma we face as academic developers is that the teachers are not always convinced that it is necessary to take such a course and they do not always have the time. In this paper, we describe some creative ways in which we have reformed and improved the pedagogy course we run at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to meet this challenge. The reform was undertaken as an action research project and we have tracked the progress of one hundred full and part time teachers who have completed the course. At the end of the course the teachers were asked to write about what they had learned and how they had applied it in their own practice. Based on the written data, we draw a number of conclusions that can help others increase the competence of university teachers and assist them to teach and supervise in a more creative way. We discuss some of the reasons why many university teachers are locked into traditional teaching methods, starting with the architecture of teaching and learning, and we describe a four-stage ‘conceptual change’ model we have used to help teachers improve their practice. By expanding their repertoire as teachers they will make the learning process for their students more effective and their own job more enjoyable.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946
(author)
-
Critical moments in college teaching
- 2000
-
In: The Selected Papers from the Eleventh International Conference on College Teaching and Learning,Florida Community College,Jacksonville, USA 2000.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 45. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Cross disciplinary research in engineering and educational sciences. A Swedish case study
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of the 37th SEFI Annual Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1-4 July, 2009.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this position paper the authors argue the benefits and the pitfalls in carrying out cross disciplinary PhDs thatcombine studies in the Engineering sciences with pedagogical studies. The paper traces the history of suchstudies in Sweden and provides a specific case study to illustrate key aspects of their argument. In 2002 the thirdauthor defended his thesis, half of which was a conventional physics study and half a pedagogical analysis of aspects of physics education. In 2005 the second author successfully defended her thesis which also comprisedtwo parts. The first part, defended at the licentiate level, consisted of research into InAS quantum dots for laser applications. The second part was an analytical, critical, reflective study of the pedagogical, gender andmulticultural issues that confronted her as a woman migrant studying to be an engineer. Both theses began asconventional physics theses but for professional and personal reasons the candidates to focus on engineeringeducation. They received assistance from pedagogical experts who in fact, if not on paper, became their mainsupervisors. The resultant PhDs caused a good deal of controversy. This was partly because they were unconventional and crossed the science/social science boundaries. In Ferdos case there was another element. Thepedagogical part of her thesis included a critique of sexism within engineering education and was reported in thepress. Her findings contributed to a reform of workplace practices, especially in the area of doctoral studies atChalmers. Those who felt threatened by some of the findings sought to discredit the work by arguing that the thesis lacked rigor. The fact that both theses were ‘hybrids’ assisted those who were opposed to the mixing ofscience and humanities at the doctoral level in an engineering university. Their opposition, and the assumptions underlying it, highlights the need for a more carefully structured engineering education research process, one that, hopefully, will open up a career path for engineers who are interested in improving engineering education by carrying out research into how engineers learn best. This paper offers some possible ways of solvingproblems that arise when new and innovative PhDs, such as mixed engineering and education PhDs are attempted.
|
|
| 46. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Developing creative researchers
- 2007
-
In: Thinking Conference, Norköping, Sweden 28 August-2 September, 2007.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 47. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946
(author)
-
Driving online education. The Swedish Net University a case study in purpose and pedagogy
- 2006
-
In: Who's Learning? Whose Technology? Proceedings. - 9781920898489 ; 1-2, s. 131-135
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper maps the development of the Swedish Net University and raises theoretical and practical questions about its purpose and its effect on pedagogically sound e-learning. The paper analyses what happens when e-learning is driven from the top and universities are rewarded with money for putting their courses online. It also studies the effects of online availability of university courses for marginalised groups in society. It is clear from research undertaken for this paper that mature age, remote area, immigrant and female students have more opportunity to study because of the establishment of the Net University in Sweden. The extent to which social engineering was a factor in the government's decision to create the Net University is discussed in relation to this broadening of recruitment. The fact that the Net University is a virtual organisation which acts as a broker for courses is also studied. Some courses are specially designed to be offered online while others are traditional courses that are simply downloaded to the net. Contrasting the two enables the author to argue for a pedagogy of e-learning.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Christie, Michael, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Engendering good learning in group-work
- 2004
-
In: EARLI Higher Education SIG conference,Tallin Estonia 18-21 June 2004.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
