| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(author)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Perez-Alonso, Aranzazu, et al.
(author)
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Outbreak of silicosis in Spanish quartz conglomerate workers
- 2014
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In: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 20:1, s. 26-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of an outbreak of occupational silicosis and the associated working conditions. Methods: Cases were defined as men working in the stone cutting, shaping, and finishing industry in the province of Cadiz, diagnosed with silicosis between July 2009 and May 2012, and were identified and diagnosed by the department of pulmonology of the University Hospital of Puerto Real (Cadiz). A census of workplaces using quartz conglomerates was carried out to determine total numbers of potentially exposed workers. A patient telephone survey on occupational exposures and a review of medical records for all participants were conducted. Results: Silicosis was diagnosed in 46 men with a median age of 33 years and a median of 11 years working in the manufacturing of countertops. Of these cases, 91.3% were diagnosed with simple chronic silicosis, with an abnormal high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scan. One patient died during the study period. Employer non-compliance in prevention and control measures was frequently reported, as were environmental and individual protection failures. Conclusions: The use of new construction materials such as quartz conglomerates has increased silicosis incidence due to intensive occupational exposures, in the context of high demand fuelled by the housing boom. This widespread exposure poses a risk if appropriate preventive measures are not undertaken.
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| 5. |
- Salloum, Fadi N., et al.
(author)
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Priorities in Cardio-Oncology Basic and Translational Science : GCOS 2023 Symposium Proceedings: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review
- 2023
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In: JACC: CardioOncology. - 2666-0873. ; 5:6, s. 715-731
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite improvements in cancer survival, cancer therapy–related cardiovascular toxicity has risen to become a prominent clinical challenge. This has led to the growth of the burgeoning field of cardio-oncology, which aims to advance the cardiovascular health of cancer patients and survivors, through actionable and translatable science. In these Global Cardio-Oncology Symposium 2023 scientific symposium proceedings, we present a focused review on the mechanisms that contribute to common cardiovascular toxicities discussed at this meeting, the ongoing international collaborative efforts to improve patient outcomes, and the bidirectional challenges of translating basic research to clinical care. We acknowledge that there are many additional therapies that are of significance but were not topics of discussion at this symposium. We hope that through this symposium-based review we can highlight the knowledge gaps and clinical priorities to inform the design of future studies that aim to prevent and mitigate cardiovascular disease in cancer patients and survivors.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Amini, Shahram, et al.
(author)
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On the Stability of Mg Nanograins to Coarsening after Repeated Melting
- 2009
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In: NANO LETTERS. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 9:8, s. 3082-3086
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herein we report on the extraordinary thermal stability of similar to 35 nm Mg-nanograins that constitute the matrix of a Ti2AlC-Mg composite that has previously been shown to have excellent mechanical properties. The microstructure is so stable that heating the composite three times to 700 degrees C, which is 50 degrees C over the melting point of Mg, not only resulted in the repeated melting of the Mg, but surprisingly and within the resolution of our differential scanning calorimeter, did not lead to any coarsening. The reduction in the Mg melting point due to the nanograins was similar to 50 degrees C. X-ray diffraction and neutron spectroscopy results suggest that thin, amorphous, and/or poorly crystallized rutile, anatase, and/or magnesia layers separate the Mg nanograins and prevent them from coarsening. Clearly that layer is thin enough, and thus mechanically robust enough, to survive the melting and solidification stresses encountered during cycling. Annealing in hydrogen at 250 degrees C for 20 h, also did not seem to alter the grain size significantly.
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| 8. |
- Ballem, Mohamed A., et al.
(author)
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Influence of synthesis temperature on morphology of SBA-16 mesoporous materials with a three-dimensional pore system
- 2010
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In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 129, s. 106-111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spherical particles of mesoporous silica SBA-16 with cubic Im3m structure were synthesized at low pH using Pluronic F127 as template and TEOS as silica source. The diameter of the spherical particles can be controlled in the range of 0.5–8 μm by varying synthesis temperature from 1 °C up to 40 °C. A sharp transition from large particle sizes at approximately 20 °C to smaller ones is observed when the temperature is increased. It is suggested that this morphology transition is due to a change in hydrolysis and condensation rate of the silica source and as a result the assembly of F127 micelles will differ. The SBA-16 samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption techniques.
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| 9. |
- Ballem, Mohamed A., et al.
(author)
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Low Temperature Nanocasting of Ultrafine Hematite Nanoparticles using Mesoporous Silica Molds
- 2012
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In: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 217, s. 269-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with very small size, high crystallinity, and narrow size distribution were synthesized by infiltration of Fe(NO3)3.9H2O as an oxide precursor into mesoporous silica (SBA-15 and SBA-16) molds using a wetimpregnation technique. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that during the hydrothermal treatment of the precursor at 140 °C for 2 days, stable α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles inside the silica pores are formed. Subsequent leaching out of the silica template by NaOH resulted in well dispersed nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~ 4 nm.
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| 10. |
- Ballem, Mohamed A., et al.
(author)
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Mesoporous silica templated zirconia nanoparticles
- 2011
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In: Journal of nanoparticle research. - : SpringerLink. - 1388-0764 .- 1572-896X. ; 13:7, s. 2743-2748
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanoparticles of zirconium oxide (ZrO2)were synthesized by infiltration of a zirconia precursor(ZrOCl28H2O) into a SBA-15 mesoporous silicamold using a wet-impregnation technique. X-raydiffractometry and high-resolution transmission electronmicroscopy show formation of stable ZrO2nanoparticles inside the silica pores after a thermaltreatment at 550 C. Subsequent leaching out of thesilica template by NaOH resulted in well-dispersedZrO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of*4 nm. The formed single crystal nanoparticles arefaceted with 110 surfaces termination suggesting it tobe the preferred growth orientation. A growth modelof these nanoparticles is also suggested.
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| 11. |
- Ballem, Mohamed A.
(author)
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Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica and their Use as Templates for Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis covers the synthesis and characterization of two types of mesoporous silica, SBA-15 silica with two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement, and SBA-16 silica with three-dimensional cubic arrangement. The obtained mesoporous materials were then used as hard templates for synthesizing of different types of nanostructures. In the first part, the effects of some synthesis parameters on the morphology and texture properties of the mesoporous silica have been studied. By varying the synthesis temperature solid spheres of SBA-16 with different sizes were synthesized and by additions of heptane as a swelling agent, SBA-16 in a hollow-sphere morphology with a large pore size was obtained. In the case of SBA-15, dispersed rods were synthesized in the presence of heptane and NH4F in a low-temperature synthesis. The length of the rods was varied by changing the concentration of HCl, and the pore size was tuned by changing the hydrothermal treatment time and temperature. Furthermore, the reaction time was decreased with a well-retained pore size and morphology. This work has resulted in SBA-15 rods with large pore sizes for this morphology. In the second part, SBA-15 and SBA-16 silica were used to synthesize different nanostructured materials such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In fact, most of the work in this part is focused on the use of mesoporous silica as hard templates for synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. The synthesis of these nanoparticles was carried out by infiltration of a suitable precursor in the pores of the silica template. The mesoporous frameworks act as molds controlling the size and the final shape of the formed nanostructures. Subsequent dissolution of the silica templates by NaOH resulted in e.g., monodispersed zirconia, hematite, and cobalt nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Functionalization of the SBA-15 surfaces was carried out in the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. This functionalization plays a crucial role on the infiltration and reaction of the reagents in the pores of the silica. By functionalization of the external surface, a highly hydrophobic surface was achieved, which proved to be sufficient to avoid formation of large cobalt particles outside the silica channels, while the internal functionalization enhances the attraction of cobalt ions to the silica pores, and as a result the nanoparticles grew inside these pores.
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| 12. |
- Ballem, Mohamed, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of hollow silica spheres SBA-16 with large-pore diameter
- 2011
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In: Materials letters (General ed.). - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0167-577X .- 1873-4979. ; 65:7, s. 1066-1068
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hollow silica SBA-16 spheres with cubic ordered mesoporous shells were synthesized by an emulsion-templating method, using Pluronic F127 as a structure-directing agent. tetraethyl orthosilicateas as a silica source and heptane as a cosolvent in the presence of NH4F. The size of these spheres is in the range of 10 to 30 mu m. The shell is about 700 nm thick and consists of large pores, similar to 9 nm in diameter, arranged in a cubic order. After calcination, the spheres maintain their mesoporosity and show a high surface area of 822 m(2)/g. The formation mechanism of the silica hollow spheres is discussed.
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| 13. |
- Björk, Emma M., 1981-
(author)
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Mesoporous Building Blocks : Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Particles and Films
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Catalyst supports, drug delivery systems, hosts for nanoparticles, and solar cells are just some examples of the wide range of exciting applications for mesoporous silica. In order to optimize the performance of a specific application, controlling the material’s morphology and pore size is crucial. For example, short and separated particles are beneficial for drug delivery systems, while for molecular sieves, the pore size is the key parameter.In this thesis, mesoporous silica building blocks, crystallites, with hexagonally ordered cylindrical pores were synthesized, with the aim to understand how the synthesis parameters affect the particle morphology and pore size. The synthesis of the particles is performed using a sol-gel process, and in order to increase the pore size, a combination of low temperature, and additions of heptane and NH4F was used. By variations in the amounts of reagents, as well as other synthesis conditions, the particle morphology and pore size could be altered. Separated particles were also grown on or attached to substrates to form films. Also, a material with spherical pore structure was synthesized, for the first time using this method.It was found that a variation in the heptane concentration, in combination with a long stirring time, yields a transition between fiber and sheet morphologies. Both morphologies consist of crystallites, which for the fibers are joined end to end, while for the sheets they are attached side by side such that the pores are accessible from the sheet surface. The crystallites can be separated to a rod morphology by decreasing the stirring time and tuning the HCl concentration, and it was seen that these rods are formed within 5 min of static time, even though the pore size and unit cell parameters were evolving for another 30 min. Further studies of the effects of heptane showed that the shape and mesoscopic parameters of the rods are affected by the heptane concentration, up to a value where the micelles are fully saturated with heptane. It was also observed that the particle width increases with decreasing NH4F concentration, independent of heptane amount, and a platelet morphology can be formed. The formation time of the particles decrease with decreasing NH4F, and the growth mechanism for platelets was further studied. The pore sizes for various morphologies were altered by e.g. variations in the hydrothermal treatment conditions, or the method for removing the surfactants.The separated particles can be attached to substrates, either during the particle synthesis or by post grafting prior to calcination. The film formation during the one-pot-synthesis was studied and a formation mechanism including nucleation of elongated micelles on the substrate was suggested. During the post grafting film synthesis, the medium in which the particles are dispersed, as well as functionalization of both particle and substrate are crucial for the post grafting process. The pores are easily accessible independent of the method, even though they are aligned parallel to the substrate when the one-pot-method is used, while post grafting gives a perpendicular pore orientation.In summary, this work aims to give an understanding for the formation of the synthesized material, and how to tune the material properties by alterations in parameter space. Successful syntheses of four different particle morphologies and two new types of films were performed, and the pore size could easily be tuned by various methods.
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| 14. |
- Cordoba Gallego, Jose Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Growth and characterization of electroless deposited Cu films on carbon nanofibers
- 2009
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In: SURFACE and COATINGS TECHNOLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972. ; 203:22, s. 3459-3464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon nanofibers with two different microstructures, herringbone and platelet have been used as substrates to study the influence of electroless deposition parameters on the growth of Cu deposits. Flat glassy carbon and graphite powder substrates were also included in the study for comparison. Samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in terms of microstructure and chemical composition. The specific surface area was determined by sorption techniques. High quality copper films can be grown on carbon nanofibers at room temperature if carbon nanofibers pretreatment is properly adjusted. The optimized process is easily up scaled to larger batches of carbon nanofibers.
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| 15. |
- Cordoba Gallego, Jose Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Growth of single crystalline dendritic Li(2)SiO(3) arrays from LiNO(3) and mesoporous SiO(2)
- 2011
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In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 184:7, s. 1735-1739
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A solution based wet chemistry approach has been developed for synthesizing Li(2)SiO(3) using LiNO(3) and mesoporous silica as starting materials at 550 degrees C. A reaction path where NO and O(2) are formed as side-products is proposed. The crystals synthesized exhibit dendritic growth where the as-prepared nanodendrite is a typical 1-fold nanodendrite composed of one several microns long and some tenth of nanometers wide trunk with small branches, which are several hundreds of nanometers long and up to 70 nm in diameter. The effect of the structure of the mesoporous silica for the final morphology is discussed.
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| 16. |
- Cordoba Gallego, Jose Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Morphology influence of the oxidation kinetics of carbon nanofibers
- 2009
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In: CORROSION SCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 51:4, s. 926-930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports the stability and oxidation rate of five types of carbon nanofiber (CNF) with distinctly different orientation of their graphite sheets based on conversion to CO2 when heated in the presence of oxygen. A non-isothermal technique was used to determine the oxidation kinetic parameters including the activation energy (E-a) Graphite shows a similar activation energy (E-a = 158 kJ/mol(-1)) to CNF with longitudinal alignment (E-a = 156kJ/mol(-1)). CNF type herringbone (E-a = 126kJ/mol(-1)) and platelet (E-a = 145 kJ/mol(-1)) show the lowest oxidation resistance which improved dramatically after a heat treatment at 3023 K of the herringbone (E-a = 216 kJ/mol(-1)) and platelet (E-a = 174 kJ/mol(-1)) structures.
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| 17. |
- Cordoba Gallego, Jose Manuel, et al.
(author)
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New production of TiCxN1−x-based cermets by one step mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction : Powder synthesis and pressureless sintering
- 2008
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In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 28:10, s. 2085-2098
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TiCxN1−x-based powdered cermets were synthesized by a one step mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR) process from mixtures of elemental powders, and subsequently sintered by a pressureless method. The composition and microstructure of the ceramic and binder phases before and after the sintering process were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The powdered cermets showed excellent binder dispersion and a nanometer character for the ceramic and binder particles. The TiCxN1−x stoichiometry was consistently richer in carbon than expected from the raw powder composition. An important amount of titanium was present in the binder after MSR synthesis, and intermetallic Ti-Ni or Ti-Co phases were obtained in some cases. After sintering, the binder phase was always constituted by intermetallic compounds. The morphology of the ceramic phase in the final bodies was dependent on the C/N ratio of TiCxN1−x and its growth primarily occurred through a coalescence process. The presence of titanium in the binder reduced hard particle solubility in the melted binder and its grain growth.
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| 18. |
- Cordoba Gallego, Jose Manuel, 2000-, et al.
(author)
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Nitriding study of titanium silicide intermetallics obtained by mechanical alloying
- 2008
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In: Intermetallics (Barking). - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-9795 .- 1879-0216. ; 16:8, s. 948-954
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Titanium and silicon powder blends were ball-milled under an inert atmosphere and subsequently annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere. Ti62.5Si37.5, Ti55.6Si44.4, and Ti50Si50 mixtures suffered a mechanically induced self-propagating reaction during milling. The products of the combustion were Ti5Si3 for the Ti62.5Si37.5 mixture and a combination of intermetallic phases for the Ti55.6Si44.4 and Ti50Si50 mixtures. The Ti33.3Si66.7 blend did not show an MSR process, but prolonged milling allowed the formation of a mixture of stable C54-TiSi2 and metastable C49-TiSi2 by a diffusion reaction. The nitriding study showed a different behaviour for C54-TiSi2 and Ti5Si3. C54-TiSi2 nitriding took place in a two-step process: the first corresponded to the formation of TiN and Si and the second to the silicon nitriding leading to the formation of a- and b-Si3N4. However, silicon and titanium nitriding primarily occurred simultaneously during the annealing of Ti5Si3, and the final product was a mixture of TiN and a-Si3N4.
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| 19. |
- Córdoba-Jabonero, Carmen, et al.
(author)
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Cirrus-induced shortwave radiative effects depending on their optical and physical properties : Case studies using simulations and measurements
- 2020
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In: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cirrus (Ci) clouds play an important role in the atmospheric radiative balance, and hence in Climate Change. In this work, a polarized Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL), standard NASA/Micro Pulse NETwork (MPLNET) system, deployed at the INTA/El Arenosillo station in Huelva (SW Iberian Peninsula) is used for Ci detection and characterization for the first time at this site. Three days were selected on the basis of the predominantly detected Ci clouds in dependence on their cloud optical depth (COD). Hence, three Ci cloud categories were examined at day-times for comparison with solar radiation issues: 19 cases of sub-visuals (svCi, COD: 0.01–0.03) on 1 October 2016, 7 cases of semitransparents (stCi, COD: 0.03–0.30) on 8 May 2017, and 17 cases of opaques (opCi, COD: 0.3–3.0)on 28 October 2016. Their radiative-relevant optical, macro- and micro-physical properties were retrieved. The mean COD for the svCi, stCi and opCi groups was 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.08 and 0.93 ± 0.40, respectively; in overall, their lidar ratio ranged between 25 and 35 sr. Ci clouds were detected at 11–13 km height (top boundaries) with geometrical thicknesses of 1.7–2.0 km. Temperatures reported at those altitudes corresponded to lower values than the thermal threshold for homogenous ice formation. Volume linear depolarization ratios of 0.3–0.4 (and normalized backscattering ratios higher than 0.9) also confirmed Ci clouds purely composed of ice particles. Their effective radius was within the interval of 9–15 μm size, and the ice water path ranged from 0.02 (svCi) to 9.9 (opCi) g m−2. The Cirrus Cloud Radiative Effect (CCRE) was estimated using a RT model for Ci-free conditions and Ci-mode (Ci presence) scenarios. RT simulations were performed for deriving the CCRE at the top-of atmosphere (TOA) and on surface (SRF), and also the atmospheric CCRE, for the overall shortwave (SW) range and their spectral sub-intervals (UV, VIS and NIR). A good agreement was first obtained for the RT simulations as validated against solar radiation measurements under clean conditions for solar zenith angles less than 75° (differences were mainly within ±20 W m−2 and correlation coefficients close to 1). By considering all the Ci clouds, independently on their COD, the mean SW CCRE values at TOA and SRF were, respectively, −30 ± 26 and − 24 ± 19 W m−2, being the mean atmospheric CCRE of −7 ± 7 W m−2; these values are in good agreement with global annual estimates found for Ci clouds. By using linear regression analysis, a Ci-induced enhancing cooling radiative effect was observed as COD increased for all the spectral ranges, with high correlations. In particular, the SW CCRE at TOA and SRF, and the atmospheric CCRE, presented COD-dependent rates of −74 ± 4, −55 ± 5, −19 ± 2 W m−2τ−1, respectively. Additionally, increasing negative rates are found from UV to NIR for each Ci category, reflecting a higher cooling NIR contribution w.r.t. UV and VIS ranges to the SW CCRE, and being also more pronounced at the TOA w.r.t. on SRF, as expected. The contribution of the SW CCRE to the net (SW + LW) radiative balance can be also potentially relevant. Results are especially significant for space-borne photometric/radiometric instrumentation and can contribute to validation purposes of the next ESA's EarthCARE mission, whose principal scientific goal is focused on radiation-aerosol-cloud interaction research.
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| 20. |
- Escalera, Edwin, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of homogeneously dispersed cobalt nanoparticles in the pores of functionalized SBA-15 silica
- 2012
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In: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 221:S1, s. 359-364
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cobalt nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature by reducing cobalt sulfate heptahydrate with sodium borohydride and using functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica as a hard template. It was found that both external and internal fuctionalization of silica walls play a crucial role on the infiltration and reaction of the reagents in the silica framework. Subsequent heat treatment of the impregnated silica at 500 °C in air or nitrogen atmospheres leads to growth of crystals of the deposited cobalt and formation of cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles, respectively. Dissolution of the silica template by NaOH resulted in well dispersed Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles ranging in size from 2 to 4 nm. The functionalization of the silica was studied by FTIR, N2-physisorption, and thermogravimetric techniques and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM and EDX analysis.
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| 21. |
- Frodelius, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Annealing of thermally sprayed Ti2AlC coatings
- 2011
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In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY. - : Blackwell. - 1546-542X. ; 8:1, s. 74-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phase transformations during annealing of coatings sprayed with the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel technique using Ti2AlC powder have been investigated by in-situ x-ray diffraction. The asdeposited coatings, consisting of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2, TiC, Ti-Al, and oxides, are stable up to 500 °C. Ti3AlC2 forms above 550 °C and Ti2AlC forms above 700 °C by intercalation of Al into TiCx. For temperatures between 900 and 1100 °C, Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC decompose by losing Al to the surrounding matrix resulting in TiCx, and Al2O3. The thermal expansion coefficient between ambient and 700°C is 11.9·10-6 K-1. The thermal diffusivity at room temperature is 1.9·10-6 m2/s.
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| 22. |
- Gustafsson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Magnetic and Electron Spin Relaxation Properties of (GdxY1-x)(2)O-3 (0 <= x <= 1) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Combustion Method. Increased Electron Spin Relaxation Times with Increasing Yttrium Content
- 2011
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:13, s. 5469-5477
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (CA) depends on several factors, including the relaxation times of the unpaired electrons in the CA. The electron spin relaxation time may be a key factor for the performance of new CAs, such as nanosized Gd2O3 particles. The aim of this work is, therefore, to study changes in the magnetic susceptibility and the electron spin relaxation time of paramagnetic Gd2O3 nanoparticles diluted with increasing amounts of diamagnetic Y2O3. Nanoparticles of (GdxY1-x)(2)O-3 (0 <= x <= 1) were prepared by the combustion method and thoroughly characterized (by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements). Changes in the electron spin relaxation time were estimated by observations of the signal line width in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it was found that the line width was dependent on the concentration of yttrium, indicating that diamagnetic Y2O3 may increase the electron spin relaxation time of Gd2O3 nanoparticles.
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson, Håkan, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Magnetic and Electron Spin Relaxation Properties of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Combustion Method. Increased Electron Spin Relaxation Times with Increasing Yttrium Content
- 2011
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - United States : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:13, s. 5469-5477
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (CA) depends on several factors, including the relaxation times of the unpaired electrons in the CA. The electron spin relaxation time may be a key factor for the performance of new CAs, such as nanosized Gd2O3 particles. The aim of this work is, therefore, to study changes in the magnetic susceptibility and the electron spin relaxation time of paramagnetic Gd2O3 nanoparticles diluted with increasing amounts of diamagnetic Y2O3. Nanoparticles of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 e x e 1) were prepared by the combustion method and thoroughly characterized (by X-ray di.raction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements). Changes in the electron spin relaxation time were estimated by observations of the signal line width in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it was found that the line width was dependent on the concentration of yttrium, indicating that diamagnetic Y2O3 may increase the electron spin relaxation time of Gd2O3 nanoparticles.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Emma M.
(author)
-
Controlling the Pore Size and Morphology of Mesoporous Silica
- 2010
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mesoporous silica with a hexagonally ordered pore structure (SBA-15) has been synthesized. Through variations in the synthesis conditions several morphologies, such as fibers, sheets and separate rods, have been realized. Furthermore, additions of heptane and NH4F make it possible to synthesize SBA-15 with pores as large as 18 nm in the sheet morphology. Mechanisms for the formation of different morphologies have been suggested. In the case of fibers and sheets, the amount of heptane present during the synthesis determines the final morphology. For low concentrations, the heptane enters the micelles and increases the pore size while the particles (crystallites) attaches to each other end to end. When the heptane concentration increases, the heptane droplets increase in size, and above a critical droplet size the crystallites attach with one short end towards the droplet, forming the sheet morphology. The crystallites can also be separated. This is the case of the rod morphology. The separation is performed by shortening the stirring time and increasing the HCl concentration. The increased amount of HCl increases the hydration rate of the silica precursor, which can be used to control the thickness and length of the rods. Furthermore, the reaction time has been decreased from 20 h for all morphologies to less than 4 hours. The materials have been characterized with nitrogen sorption, electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Also, thermogravimetric analysis and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy have been used for studying the removal of surfactants.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Rapid Synthesis of SBA-15 Rods with Variable Lengths, Widths, and Tunable Large Pores
- 2011
-
In: Langmuir. - : ACS American Chemical Society. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:8, s. 4994-4999
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dispersed SBA-15 rods have been synthesized with varying lengths, widths, and pore sizes in a low-temperature synthesis in the presence of heptane and NH4F. The pore size of the material can systematically be varied between 11 and 17 nm using different hydrothermal treatment times And/or temperatures. The particle length (400-600 nm) and width (100-400 nm) were tuned by varying the HCl concentration. All the synthesized materials possess a large surface area of 400-600 m(2)/g And a pore volume of 1.05-1.30 cm(3). A, mechanism for the effect of the HCl concentration on the particle morphology is suggested. Furthermore, it is shown that the reaction time an be decreased to 1 h, with well-retained pore size and morphology. This work has resulted in SBA-15 rods with the largest pore size reported for this morphology.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and characterization of large mesoporous silica SBA-15 sheets with ordered accessible 18 nm pores
- 2009
-
In: Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-577X. ; 63:24-25, s. 2129-2131
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mesoporous silica SBA-15 in the form of 10-30 μm sized sheets with unusually large ordered pores has been synthesized using heptane as a cosolvent in the presence of NH4F. The resulting morphology of 400 nm thick sheets that contain easily accessed, hexagonally arranged, 18 nm sized pores running parallel to sheet normal has not been previously reported. The material has a BET surface area of 541 m2/g, large pore volume of 1.69 cm3/g and ordered mesopore structure with a narrow pore size distribution around 18 nm. A mechanism for sheet formation based on heptane droplets acting as sites for self assembling of silica crystallites is suggested.
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| 27. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
The effects on pore size and particle morphology of heptane additions to the synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15
- 2010
-
In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 133:01-Mar, s. 66-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of heptane on the particle morphology and pore size in the synthesis of SBA-15 is presented. Heptane in the presence of NH4F works as a pore swelling agent, resulting in 13-18 nm sized pores in 400 nm long and 200-1000 nm wide crystallites. The pores are hexagonally arranged and run through the crystallites. Increasing the heptane to P123 molar ratio changes the morphology of SBA-15 from fibers to sheets when the crystallites rearrange during the synthesis. The pore order in the sheets is controlled by changing the molar ratio of water to P123. The surface areas of these materials are 500-800 m(2)/g with pore volumes of 1.2-1.7 cm(3)/g. The sheets have accessible pores with a size of 18 nm running parallel to the sheet normal, which makes them suitable for membranes.
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| 28. |
- Mora, Ana M., et al.
(author)
-
Blood and hair manganese concentrations in pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Costa Rica
- 2014
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 48:6, s. 3467-3476
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manganese (Mn), an essential nutrient, is a neurotoxicant at high concentrations. We measured Mn concentrations in repeated blood and hair samples collected from 449 pregnant women living near banana plantations with extensive aerial spraying of Mn-containing fungicide mancozeb in Costa Rica, and examined environmental and lifestyle factors associated with these biomarkers. Mean blood Mn and geometric mean hair Mn concentrations were 24.4 μg/L (8.9-56.3) and 1.8 μg/g (0.05-53.3), respectively. Blood Mn concentrations were positively associated with gestational age at sampling (β = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.2), number of household members (β = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.6), and living in a house made of permeable and difficult-to-clean materials (β = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.0); and inversely related to smoking (β = -3.1; 95% CI: -5.8 to -0.3). Hair Mn concentrations were inversely associated with gestational age at sampling (% change = 0.8; 95% CI: -1.6 to 0.0); and positively associated with living within 50 m of a plantation (% change = 42.1; 95% CI: 14.2 to 76.9) and Mn concentrations in drinking water (% change = 17.5; 95% CI: 12.2 to 22.8). Our findings suggest that pregnant women living near banana plantations aerially sprayed with mancozeb may be environmentally exposed to Mn.
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| 29. |
- Mora, Ana María, et al.
(author)
-
Prenatal Mancozeb Exposure, Excess Manganese, and Neurodevelopment at 1 Year of Age in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Study
- 2018
-
In: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 126:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although growing evidence suggests that early-life excess manganese (Mn) impairs neurodevelopment, data on the neurodevelopmental effects of mancozeb, a fungicide containing Mn, and its main metabolite ethylenethiourea (ETU) are limited. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether prenatal mancozeb exposure and excess Mn were associated with neurodevelopment in 355 1-y-old infants living near banana plantations with frequent aerial mancozeb spraying in Costa Rica. METHODS: We measured urinary ETU, hair Mn, and blood Mn concentrations in samples collected 1-3 times during pregnancy from mothers enrolled in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study. We then assessed neurodevelopment in their 1-y-old infants using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (BSID-III). We estimated exposure-outcome associations using linear regression models adjusted for maternal education, parity, gestational age at birth, child age, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score, and location of neurodevelopmental assessment. RESULTS: Median (P25-P75) urinary ETU, hair Mn, and blood Mn measured during pregnancy were 3.3 μg/L (2.4-4.9; specific gravity-corrected), 1.7 μg/g (0.9-4.1), and 24.0 μg/L (20.3-28.0), respectively. Among girls, higher ETU was associated with lower social-emotional scores [β per 10-fold increase=-7.4 points (95% CI: -15.2, 0.4)], whereas higher hair Mn was associated with lower cognitive scores [-3.0 (-6.1, 0.1)]. Among boys, higher hair Mn was associated with lower social-emotional scores [-4.6 (-8.5, -0.8)]. We observed null associations for blood Mn, language, and motor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that maternal exposure to mancozeb and excess Mn during pregnancy may have adverse and sex-specific effects on infant neurodevelopment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1955.
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| 30. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(author)
-
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 31. |
- Spencer, C B, et al.
(author)
-
Phase Evaluation in Al(2)O(3) Fiber-Reinforced Ti(2)AlC During Sintering in the 1300 degrees C-1500 degrees C Temperature Range
- 2011
-
In: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 94:10, s. 3327-3334
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, the reactivity of Ti(2)AlC powders, with 3 and 10 mu m alumina, Al(2)O(3), fibers during pressure-assisted sintering is explored. Samples were fabricated by hot-isostatic-pressing (HIPed) or hot-pressing (HPed), and characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and electron microscopy-both scanning and transmission-equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopes. Samples prepared at 1300 degrees C were fully dense, with no apparent reaction between fiber and matrix. In samples HPed to 1500 degrees C, even pure Ti(2)AlC powders dissociated to Ti(3)AlC(2) according to: 2 Ti(2)AlC = Ti(3)AlC(2) + TiAl(x) (l) + (1-x) Al (l/v), with x andlt; 1. More severe Al loss results in the formation of TiC(y). The presence of the Al(2)O(3) fibers delayed densification enough to allow most of the Al and some of the Ti to escape into the vacuum of the hot press or react with the encapsulating glass during HIPing a resulting in a more intensive dissociation of the Ti(2)AlC. Although, in principle Ti(2)AlC can be reinforced with Al(2)O(3) fibers, the processing/use temperature will have to be kept below 1500 degrees C, as, at that temperature the fibers, used here, sinter together.
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| 32. |
- Spencer, Charles B, et al.
(author)
-
The Reactivity of Ti2AlC and Ti3SiC2 with SiC Fibers and Powders up to Temperatures of 1550 degrees C
- 2011
-
In: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0002-7820. ; 94:6, s. 1737-1743
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reactivities of commercially available Ti2AlC or Ti3SiC2 powders with uncoated SiC fibers or SiC powders were evaluated in this paper. When Ti2AlC-SiC samples were hot pressed or hot isostatically pressed at temperatures up to 1500 degrees C, fully dense composites were obtained. The latter were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning and transmission electron microscope. Differential thermal analysis up to 1550 degrees C was also carried out. In all cases, SiC reacted with the Ti2AlC powder resulting in the formation of Ti-3(Al1-xSix)C-2 TiC and Al1+xTi1-x, where x ranges from 0 to 1. In the limit x=1, pure Al forms. Conversely, Ti3SiC2 samples, reinforced with uncoated SiC fibers or powders, can be hot pressed in vacuum at temperatures as high as 1500 degrees C to produce fully dense composites with no apparent reaction between the matrix and fibers. Based on these results, Ti3SiC2 can, but Ti2AlC cannot, be reinforced with SiC. Such reinforcements will be needed if the MAX phases are to be used as structural materials at very high temperatures.
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| 33. |
- Tamayo-Ariztondo, J., et al.
(author)
-
Effect of heat treatment of carbon nanofibres on electroless copper deposition
- 2010
-
In: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 70:16, s. 2269-2275
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cu is a well known heat sink material due to its high thermal conductivity. However, its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is high. One of the most promising solutions for reducing it is to reinforce copper with carbon nanofibres (CNF) because of their low CTE. To exploit the properties of the CNFs a good dispersion of the reinforcement within the matrix must be achieved. One of the processing methods used to obtain a homogeneous CNF distribution is coating the CNF with Cu using electrochemical deposition. In this paper, the effect of the carbon structure on electroless deposition technique is studied. Different CNF have been compared: herringbone (HB), platelet (PL) and longitudinally aligned (previously heat treated) (LAHT). Herringbone and Platelet CNF were heat treated at 2750 °C for 30′ which resulted in a structure resembling graphite with loops at the fibre surface. These loops are responsible for an enhancement of the copper coating. It is shown that the Cu coverage in electroless deposition is high for the graphene plane and poor at the edges of the plane.
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| 34. |
- Till, Christine, et al.
(author)
-
Caregiving and infants' neurodevelopment in rural Costa Rica : Results from the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA)
- 2019
-
In: NeuroToxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-813X. ; 74, s. 100-107
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early caregiving is one of the strongest influences on children's development, and among the most significant modifiable environmental factor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between quality of caregiver-infant interactions and neurodevelopment of infants living in banana-growing communities in rural Costa Rica characterized as having environmental toxic exposures. Home visits were conducted with 94 caregiver-infant dyads from the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA), living within Matina county, Limón province. One-year infant neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development®, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Quality of caregiver-infant interaction was assessed with a standardized observational task: Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Teaching scale (NCATS) at around two years of age. Multiple regression analyses examined associations between components of caregiver-infant interactions and neurodevelopmental outcomes, adjusting for mancozeb and manganese exposure and other potential confounders. Compared to NCATS normative data for U.S. Hispanic mothers, 35% of the sample had overall caregiving interaction scores ≤10th percentile cut-off, indicating less than optimal interactions. Higher quality of caregiver-infant interaction was associated with higher expressive communication ability in infants [ß = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06)], controlling for pesticide exposure and confounders. Aspects of caregiving such as stimulation and growth-fostering of infants were most strongly associated with language outcomes. Results suggest an association between positive caregiving on language development for infants living in a rural agricultural area in Costa Rica, and highlight aspects of caregiving that could be targeted to improve resilience of these children who live in vulnerable conditions.
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| 35. |
- Tsai, H T, et al.
(author)
-
Silica SBA-15 Template Assisted Synthesis of Ultrasmall and Homogeneously Sized Copper Nanoparticles
- 2011
-
In: JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY. - : AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS, 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA. - 1533-4880. ; 11:4, s. 3493-3498
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles with extremely narrow size distribution by electroless copper deposition on mesoporous silica support is described. The materials were characterized by nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The copper nanoparticles have a cubic crystalline structure and an average particle size of 5.5 +/- 0.8 nm. The copper nanoparticles are stable, without detectable oxidation or further agglomeration under ambient conditions even after months. These results demonstrate that electroless copper reduction can be conducted and constrained within the mesoporous silica framework, which pave the way for engineered mesoreactors.
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| 36. |
- Ullbrand, Jennifer, et al.
(author)
-
Thermomechanical properties of copper-carbon nanofibre composites prepared by spark plasma sintering and hot pressing
- 2010
-
In: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 70:16, s. 2263-2268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several types of carbon nanofibres (CNF) were coated with a uniform and dense copper layer by electroless copper deposition. The coated fibres were then sintered by two different methods, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot pressing (HP). The Cu coating thickness was varied so that different volume fraction of fibres was achieved in the produced composites. In some cases, the CNF were pre-coated with Cr for the improvement the Cu adhesion on CNF. The results show that the dispersion of the CNF into the Cu matrix is independent of the sintering method used. On the contrary, the dispersion is directly related to the efficiency of the Cu coating, which is tightly connected to the CNF type. Overall, strong variations of the thermal conductivity (TC) of the composites were observed (20-200 W/mK) as a function of CNF type, CNF volume fraction and Cr content, while the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in all cases was found to be considerably lower than Cu (9.9-11.3 ppm/K). The results show a good potential for SPS to be used to process this type of materials, since the SPS samples show better properties than HP samples even though they have a higher porosity, in applications where moderate TC and low CTE are required.
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| 37. |
- Yazdi, Gholamreza, et al.
(author)
-
Free standing AIN single crystal grown on pre-patterned and in situ patterned 4H-SiC substrates
- 2010
-
In: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 645-648. - : Transtec Publications; 1999. ; , s. 1187-1190
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Free standing AIN wafers were grown on pre-patterned and in situ patterned 4H-SiC substrates by a physical vapor transport method. It is based on the coalescence of AIN microrods, which evolve from the apex of SiC pyramids grown on the SIC substrate during a temperature ramp up for in situ patterned substrate and SiC pyramids formed by reactive ion etching (RIE). This process yields stress-free (according XRD and Raman results) AIN single crystals with a thickness up to 400 mu m and low dislocation density.
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