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| 2. |
- Kalman, L. V., et al.
(author)
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Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting
- 2016
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In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 99:2, s. 172-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article provides nomenclature recommendations developed by an international workgroup to increase transparency and standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) result reporting. Presently, sequence variants identified by PGx tests are described using different nomenclature systems. In addition, PGx analysis may detect different sets of variants for each gene, which can affect interpretation of results. This practice has caused confusion and may thereby impede the adoption of clinical PGx testing. Standardization is critical to move PGx forward.
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| 3. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(author)
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AMANDA : status report from the 1993-94 campaign and optical properties of the South Pole ice
- 1995
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In: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - : Elsevier. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 38:1-3, s. 287-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the first results of the AMANDA detector. During the antarctic summer 1993-94 four strings were deployed between 0.8 an 1 km depth, each equipped with 20 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). A laser source was used to investigate the optical properties of the ice in situ. We find that the ice is intrinsically extremely transparent. The measured absorption length is 59 ± 3 m, i.e. comparable with the quality of the ultra-pure water used in the IMB and Kamiokande proton-decay and neutrino experiments [1,2] and more than two times longer than the best value reported for laboratory ice [3]. Due to a residual density of air bubbles at these depths, the motion of photons in the medium is randomized. For spherical, smooth bubbles we find that, at 1 km depth, the average distance between collisions is about 25 cm. The measured inverse scattering length on bubbles decreases linearly with increasing depth in the volume of ice investigated. © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(author)
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On the age vs depth and optical clarity of deep ice at South Pole
- 1995
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In: Journal of Glaciology. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 41:139, s. 445-454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first four strings of phototubes for the AMANDA high-energy neutrino observatory are now frozen in place at a depth of 800 to 1000 m in ice at the South Pole. During the 1995-96 season an additional six strings will be deployed at greater depths. Provided absorption, scattering, and refraction of visible light are sufficiently small, the trajectory of a muon into which a neutrino converts can be determined by using the array of phototubes to measure the arrival times of \v{C}erenkov light emitted by the muon. To help in deciding on the depth for implantation of the six new strings, we discuss models of age vs depth for South Pole ice, we estimate mean free paths for scattering from bubbles and dust as a function of depth, and we assess distortion of light paths due to refraction at crystal boundaries and interfaces between air-hydrate inclusions and normal ice. We conclude that the depth interval 1600 to 1800 m will be suitably transparent for the next six AMANDA strings and, moreover, that the interval 1600 to 2100 m will be suitably transparent for a future 1-km 3 observatory except possibly in a region a few tens of meters thick at a depth corresponding to a peak in the dust concentration at 60 kyr BP.
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| 5. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(author)
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Optical properties of the South Pole ice at depths between 0.8 and 1 kilometer
- 1995
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In: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 267:5201, s. 1147-1150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The optical properties of the ice at the geographical South Pole have been investigated at depths between 0.8 and 1 kilometer. The absorption and scattering lengths of visible light (∼515 nanometers) have been measured in situ with the use of the laser calibration setup of the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) neutrino detector. The ice is intrinsically extremely transparent. The measured absorption length is 59 ± 3 meters, comparable with the quality of the ultrapure water used in the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven and Kamiokande proton-decay and neutrino experiments and more than twice as long as the best value reported for laboratory ice. Because of a residual density of air bubbles at these depths, the trajectories of photons in the medium are randomized. If the bubbles are assumed to be smooth and spherical, the average distance between collisions at a depth of 1 kilometer is about 25 centimeters. The measured inverse scattering length on bubbles decreases linearly with increasing depth in the volume of ice investigated.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- ASKEBJER, P, et al.
(author)
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ON THE AGE VS DEPTH AND OPTICAL CLARITY OF DEEP ICE AT THE SOUTH-POLE
- 1995
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In: JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY. - : INT GLACIOL SOC. - 0022-1430. ; 41:139, s. 445-454
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first four strings of phototubes for the AMANDA high-energy neutrino observatory are now frozen in place at a depth of 800-1000 m in ice at the South Pole. During the 1995-96 season, as many as six more strings will be deployed at greater depths. Prov
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- ASKEBJER, P, et al.
(author)
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AMANDA - STATUS-REPORT FROM THE 1993-94 CAMPAIGN AND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF THE SOUTH-POLE ICE
- 1995
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In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213. ; , s. 287-292
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We report the first results of the AMANDA detector. During the antarctic summer 1993-94 four strings were deployed between 0.8 an 1 km depth, each equipped with 20 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). A laser source was used to investigate the optical properties
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| 10. |
- ASKEBJER, P, et al.
(author)
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OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF THE SOUTH-POLE ICE AT DEPTHS BETWEEN 0.8 AND 1 KILOMETER
- 1995
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In: SCIENCE. - : AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE. - 0036-8075. ; 267:5201, s. 1147-1150
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The optical properties of the ice at the geographical South Pole have been investigated at depths between 0.8 and 1 kilometer. The absorption and scattering lengths of visible light (similar to 515 nanometers) have been measured in situ with the use of th
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Pierot, L, et al.
(author)
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Standards of Practice in Acute Ischemic Stroke Intervention International Recommendations
- 2019
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In: The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0317-1671 .- 2057-0155. ; 46:3, s. 269-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- After five positive randomized controlled trials showed benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acute ischemic stroke with emergent large-vessel occlusion, a multi-society meeting was organized during the 17th Congress of the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology in October 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. This multi-society meeting was dedicated to establish standards of practice in acute ischemic stroke intervention aiming for a consensus on the minimum requirements for centers providing such treatment. In an ideal situation, all patients would be treated at a center offering a full spectrum of neuroendovascular care (a level 1 center). However, for geographical reasons, some patients are unable to reach such a center in a reasonable period of time. With this in mind, the group paid special attention to define recommendations on the prerequisites of organizing stroke centers providing medical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, but not for other neurovascular diseases (level 2 centers). Finally, some centers will have a stroke unit and offer intravenous thrombolysis, but not any endovascular stroke therapy (level 3 centers). Together, these level 1, 2, and 3 centers form a complete stroke system of care. The multi-society group provides recommendations and a framework for the development of medical thrombectomy services worldwide.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Nicoletti, Paola, et al.
(author)
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Association of Liver Injury From Specific Drugs, or Groups of Drugs, With Polymorphisms in HLA and Other Genes in a Genome-Wide Association Study
- 2017
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In: Gastroenterology. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 152:5, s. 1078-1089
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for druginduced liver injury (DILI) from licensed drugs without previously reported genetic risk factors. METHODS: We performed a GWAS of 862 persons with DILI and 10,588 population-matched controls. The first set of cases was recruited before May 2009 in Europe (n = 137) and the United States (n = 274). The second set of cases were identified from May 2009 through May 2013 from international collaborative studies performed in Europe, the United States, and South America. For the GWAS, we included only cases with patients of European ancestry associated with a particular drug (but not flucloxacillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate). We used DNA samples from all subjects to analyze HLA genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. After the discovery analysis was concluded, we validated our findings using data from 283 European patients with diagnosis of DILI associated with various drugs. RESULTS: We associated DILI with rs114577328 (a proxy for A* 33: 01 a HLA class I allele; odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 - 3.8; P = 2.4 x 10(-8)) and with rs72631567 on chromosome 2 (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6 - 2.5; P = 9.7 x 10(-9)). The association with A* 33: 01 was mediated by large effects for terbinafine-, fenofibrate-, and ticlopidine-related DILI. The variant on chromosome 2 was associated with DILI from a variety of drugs. Further phenotypic analysis indicated that the association between DILI and A* 33: 01 was significant genome wide for cholestatic and mixed DILI, but not for hepatocellular DILI; the polymorphism on chromosome 2 was associated with cholestatic and mixed DILI as well as hepatocellular DILI. We identified an association between rs28521457 (within the lipopolysaccharide-responsive vesicle trafficking, beach and anchor containing gene) and only hepatocellular DILI (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6 - 2.7; P = 4.8 x 10(-9)). We did not associate any specific drug classes with genetic polymorphisms, except for statin-associated DILI, which was associated with rs116561224 on chromosome 18 (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.0 - 9.5; P = 7.1 x 10(-9)). We validated the association between A* 33: 01 terbinafine-and sertraline-induced DILI. We could not validate the association between DILI and rs72631567, rs28521457, or rs116561224. CONCLUSIONS: In a GWAS of persons of European descent with DILI, we associated HLA-A* 33: 01 with DILI due to terbinafine and possibly fenofibrate and ticlopidine. We identified polymorphisms that appear to be associated with DILI from statins, as well as 2 non-drug-specific risk factors.
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