| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kuschmierz, Paul, et al.
(author)
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European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it : A standardized European cross-country assessment
- 2021
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In: Evolution. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1936-6426 .- 1936-6434. ; 14:1, s. 1-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Investigations of evolution knowledge and acceptance and their relation are central to evolution education research. Ambiguous results in this field of study demonstrate a variety of measuring issues, for instance differently theorized constructs, or a lack of standardized methods, especially for cross-country comparisons. In particular, meaningful comparisons across European countries, with their varying cultural backgrounds and education systems, are rare, often include only few countries, and lack standardization. To address these deficits, we conducted a standardized European survey, on 9200 first-year university students in 26 European countries utilizing a validated, comprehensive questionnaire, the “Evolution Education Questionnaire”, to assess evolution acceptance and knowledge, as well as influencing factors on evolution acceptance. Results: We found that, despite European countries’ different cultural backgrounds and education systems, European first-year university students generally accept evolution. At the same time, they lack substantial knowledge about it, even if they are enrolled in a biology-related study program. Additionally, we developed a multilevel-model that determines religious faith as the main influencing factor in accepting evolution. According to our model, knowledge about evolution and interest in biological topics also increase acceptance of evolution, but to a much lesser extent than religious faith. The effect of age and sex, as well as the country’s affiliation, students’ denomination, and whether or not a student is enrolled in a biology-related university program, is negligible. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, despite all their differences, most of the European education systems for upper secondary education lead to acceptance of evolution at least in university students. It appears that, at least in this sample, the differences in knowledge between countries reflect neither the extent to which school curricula cover evolutionary biology nor the percentage of biology-related students in the country samples. Future studies should investigate the role of different European school curricula, identify particularly problematic or underrepresented evolutionary concepts in biology education, and analyze the role of religious faith when teaching evolution.
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| 6. |
- Cvetkovic, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Transport and retention from single to multiple fractures in crystalline rock at Aspo (Sweden) : 1. Evaluation of tracer test results and sensitivity analysis
- 2010
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In: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 46, s. W05505-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluate the breakthrough curves obtained within a comprehensive experimental program for investigating the retention properties of crystalline rock, referred to as Tracer Retention Understanding Experiments (TRUE). The tracer tests were conducted at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden) in two phases jointly referred to as TRUE Block Scale (TBS); the TBS tests comprise a total of 17 breakthrough curves with nonsorbing and a range of sorbing tracers. The Euclidian length scales are between 10 and 30 m, compared to 5 m for the earlier tests TRUE-1. The unlimited diffusion model is consistent with measured breakthrough curves and is adopted here for evaluation. The model has four independent parameters, two of which are related to advection and dispersion, one which is related to diffusion-sorption, and one which is related to surface sorption; the individual retention parameters or properties cannot be inferred from breakthrough curves alone and require additional constraints. The mean water residence times for the TBS tests are in the range 15-250 h, whereas the coefficient of variation of the water residence times is in the range 0.4-0.6. A consistent trend is found in the calibrated retention parameters with the sorption affinities of the tracers involved. Using Bode sensitivity functions, it is shown that sensitivity increases for the retention parameter with increasing sorption affinity; for nonsorbing tracers, diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion are shown to "compete," exhibiting similar effects; hence, their estimates are uncertain. The analysis presented here exposes a few fundamental limitations and sensitivities when evaluating diffusion-controlled retention in the subsurface; it is general and applicable to any site with comparable tracer test data. In part 2, it will be shown how discrete fracture network simulations based on the hydrostructural information available can be used for further constraining individual retention parameters, in particular, the active specific surface area (s(f)) and the rock matrix porosity (theta).
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| 7. |
- Didenko, Victor, et al.
(author)
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Approximate solution of boundary integral equations for biharmonic problems in non-smooth domains
- 2013
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In: Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - : Wiley. - 1617-7061. ; 13:1, s. 435-438
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper deals with approximate solutions to integral equations arising in boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation in simply connected piecewise smooth domains. The approximation method considered demonstrates excellent convergence even in the case of boundary conditions discontinuous at corner points. In an application we obtain very accurate approximations for some characteristics of two-dimensional Stokes flow in non-smooth domains.
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| 8. |
- Painter, S. L., et al.
(author)
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Effect of kinetic limitations on colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport at the field scale
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM. - 0894486918 - 9780894486913 ; , s. 323-329
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sorption onto natural groundwater colloids, a process that may enhance field-scale transport of radionuclides in the subsurface, is typically modeled in studies of potential high-level waste repositories using equilibrium partitioning assumptions. A new streamline-based model suggests that kinetic limitations on radionuclide sorption/desoption may significantly enhance field-scale radionuclide transport in some situations. Specifically, the leading edge of mass breakthrough curves may be enhanced if the kinetic rate constants are in a critical range as quantified by a Damkohler-type number. Application of the model to plutonium transport in the alluvial aquifer near Yucca Mountain, Nevada indicates that the bulk of the uncertain parameter space is in the equilibrium range. However, a small parameter region is in the kinetic regime. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that this kinetic region of the parameter space may cause early breakthrough for a small fraction of migrating plutonium, but the effect on peak breakthrough is minimal.
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| 9. |
- Painter, S. L., et al.
(author)
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Time-domain random walk algorithms for simulating radionuclide transport in fractured porous rock
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference. - 0894486918 - 9780894486913 ; , s. 293-300
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-domain random walk (TDRW) algorithms are efficient methods for simulating solute transport along one-dimensional pathways. New extensions of the TDRW algorithm accommodate decay and in-growth of radionuclides in a decay chain and time-dependent transport velocities. Validation tests using equilibrium sorption and matrix diffusion retention models demonstrate that the extended TDRW algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. When combined with stochastic simulation of transport properties, the resulting algorithm, Particle On Random Streamline Segment (PORSS), also captures the effects of random spatial variations in transport velocities, including the effects of very broad velocity distributions. When used in combination with discrete fracture network simulations, the PORSS algorithm provides an accurate and practical method for simulating radionuclide transport at the geosphere scale without invoking the advection-dispersion equation.
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| 10. |
- Painter, Scott L., et al.
(author)
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Time-domain random-walk algorithms for simulating radionuclide transport in fractured porous rock
- 2008
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In: Nuclear Technology. - 0029-5450 .- 1943-7471. ; 163:1, s. 129-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-domain random-walk (TDRW) algorithms are efficient methods for simulating solute transport along one-dimensional pathways. New extensions of the TDRW algorithm accommodate decay and ingrowth of radionuclides in a decay chain and time-dependent transport velocities. Tests using equilibrium sorption and matrix diffusion retention models demonstrate that the extended TDRW algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. When combined with stochastic simulation of transport properties, the resulting algorithm, Particle on Random Streamline Segment (PORSS), also captures the effects of random spatial variations in transport velocities, including the effects of very broad velocity distributions. When used in combination with discrete fracture network simulations, the PORSS algorithm provides an accurate and practical method for simulating radionuclide transport at the geosphere scale without invoking the advection-dispersion equation.
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| 11. |
- Sanglas, Jordi, et al.
(author)
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Significance of Low-Velocity Zones on Solute Retention in Rough Fractures
- 2024
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In: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 60:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural fractures are characterized by high internal heterogeneity. This internal variability is the cause of flow channeling, which in turn leads to contaminant transport taking place primarily along the high-velocity channels. Mass exchange between the high-velocity channels and the low-velocity zones has the potential to enhance contaminant retention, due to solute diffusion into the low-velocity zones and subsequent exposure to additional surface area for diffusion into the bordering rock matrix. Here, we derive a random walk particle tracking method for heterogeneous fractures, which includes an additional term to account for the aperture gradient. The method takes into account advection, diffusion in the fracture and matrix diffusion. The developed numerical framework is applied to assess the effect of low-velocity zones in rough self-affine fractures. The results show that diffusion into low-velocity zones has a visible but modest impact on contaminant retention. The magnitude of this impact does not change considerably, regardless of whether diffusion into the rock matrix is considered in the model, and increases for a decreasing average Peclet number of the fracture. Natural fractures are highly heterogeneous, comprising flowing channels and lower-velocity zones We study the effects that diffusion into low-velocity zones has in contaminant transport through rough fractures Accounting for diffusion in low-velocity zones has a relatively modest impact on contaminant retention
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Trinchero, P., et al.
(author)
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A Particle-Based Conditional Sampling Scheme for the Simulation of Transport in Fractured Rock With Diffusion Into Stagnant Water and Rock Matrix
- 2020
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In: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 56:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In situ experiments and field-scale characterization studies have pointed out that, in fractured crystalline media, groundwater flow is highly channelized. This implies that, at the scale of a single fracture, only part of the fracture surface area is in contact with flowing water, while the rest of in-plane water is essentially stagnant and can be accessed by solutes via molecular diffusion. Despite their importance for contaminant retention, to date, there are no numerical or analytical approaches that could be used to assess the implication of stagnant water zones on solute transport in realistic large-scale Discrete Fracture Network-based models. Here, we present an efficient and flexible algorithm for the simulation of transport in fractured rock with diffusion into stagnant water and rock matrix. The algorithm is a generalization of a previously developed numerical framework for time domain particle tracking in sparsely fractured rock. The key of the generalization is that total time in fracture (τf) is first evaluated using a Monte Carlo sampling and then a second sampling is performed conditioned on τf. The algorithm has been successfully validated against existing independent solutions and the implication of diffusion into stagnant water and secondary diffusion into the matrix has been assessed for a realistic modeling scenario. The results show that, due to diffusion into stagnant water, contaminants are more strongly retarded. This increased retention is more significant for sorbing species, as a larger number of sorption sites is accessible. A high sensitivity to the flowing channel/stagnant water zone geometry has also been observed.
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| 15. |
- Widestrand, H., et al.
(author)
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Sorbing tracer experiments in a crystalline rock fracture at Aspo (Sweden) : 1. Experimental setup and microscale characterization of retention properties
- 2007
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In: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 43:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- [ 1] Mineralogical and retardation properties of rock materials responsible for water-rock interaction in in situ migration experiments with sorbing radioactive tracers were studied in laboratory experiments. The porosity was studied by water saturation measurements and the PMMA method was used for detailed porosity characterization of heterogeneity distributions and porosity profiles toward the fracture surface. Mylonite and altered diorite sampled in the rim zone of the fracture and representative bulk rock types were investigated by batch sorption measurements with crushed materials and through-diffusion and in-diffusion experiments in intact rock pieces. Autoradiography was used for visualization of in-diffusion profiles of sorbing tracers. The use of detailed porosity information and quantitative data on heterogeneity in porosity is shown to significantly improve the interpretation and evaluation of laboratory-scale diffusion experiments. We show through the combined approach of detailed porosity characterization and laboratory sorption and diffusion investigations that we can distinguish retention properties of bulk rock and altered rock and provide qualitative and quantitative data of heterogeneous rock properties that expand the possibility for including relevant processes in the interpretation of the results of in situ tracer tests.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, L., et al.
(author)
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Socioecological informed comparative modeling to promote sustainable urban policy transitions : Case study in Chicago and Stockholm
- 2021
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adapting successes of policy transition from one city to another has been more difficult than single case of successful sustainability-driven projects and developments. A thorough understanding of local biophysical and socio-economic conditions is essential in formulating effective development plans and policies. Here, we propose the use of a social-ecological model as a comparative tool to help understand these critical components in order to inform sustainability-driven strategic interventions and best practice learning. We use the cities of Chicago and Stockholm as our comparison cases, and explore the spatial relationships between development patterns and accessibility attractors such as employment, transportation, and recreational opportunities. Potential environmental impacts are evaluated for comparison using ecosystem service value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results indicate that although each city exhibits distinctive patterns of development, there are commonalities to build on for potential adaption strategies. For example, to mitigate the high ecosystem service and NDVI losses of Chicago from urban development, what can be learned from Stockholm are: 1) promoting infill for future residential development; and 2) stronger restrictions on both commercial and residential developments on buffer zones of valuable ecosystem services, especially waterways. These findings help us to understand the driving forces of different patterns of urban growth and to give suggestions on city-specific sustainability policies.
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| 17. |
- Zou, L., et al.
(author)
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Impacts of dead-ends on flow and transport in fractured rocks
- 2018
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In: 2nd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference, DFNE 2018. - : American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detailed simulation of flow and transport through a rough-walled fracture-matrix system with fracture dead-ends is performed. The analysis demonstrates a significant impact of fracture dead-ends on fluid flow and solute transport processes in the modelled system. Two 2D representative rock fracture-matrix models with and without fracture dead-ends are constructed based on high-resolution laser-scanned measurements of a granite rock fracture surface. Simulations of flow and transport with three Péclet numbers (Pe) ranging from 0.1 to 10 are conducted using a code implementing the finite volume method (FVM) to solve the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) for water flow in the fracture, and the advection-diffusion equation (ADE) is adopted to solve for transport in the whole fracture-matrix system, also accounting for matrix diffusion. The features of the velocity fields and evolution of concentration distributions as well as breakthrough curves of the two modelled cases are presented and analyzed, with results showing that fracture dead-ends significantly affect solute transport processes and cause important retardation of transport in the fracture. This indicates that overly conservative assessments of solute mass arrivals may be made when fracture dead-ends are ignored in discrete fracture network modelling.
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