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| 2. |
- Antonsen, Simen, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric Chemistry of tert-butylamine and AMP
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. Volume 114, 2017, Pages 1026-103213th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT 2016; Lausanne; Switzerland; 14 November 2016 through 18 November 2016. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors. The atmospheric chemistry of (CH 3 ) 3 CNH 2 (tert-butylamine, tBA) and (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 OH)CNH 2 (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, AMP) has been studied by quantum chemistry methods and in photo-oxidation experiments in the EUPHORE chamber in Valencia (Spain). Aerosol formation and composition has been quantified. Yields of nitramines and other products in the photo-oxidations have been determined and complete photo-oxidation schemes including branching between the major reaction routes have been obtained. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Kangasniemi, Oskari, et al.
(författare)
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Volatility of a Ship’s Emissions in the Baltic Sea Using Modelling and Measurements in Real-World Conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - 2073-4433. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipping emissions are a major source of particulate matter in the atmosphere. The volatility of gaseous and particulate phase ship emissions are poorly known despite their potentially significant effect on the evolution of the emissions and their secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential. An approach combining a genetic optimisation algorithm with volatility modelling was used on volatility measurement data to study the volatility distribution of a ship engine’s emissions in real-world conditions. The fuels used were marine gas oil (MGO) and methanol. The engine was operated with 50% and 70% loads with and without active NOx after-treatment with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The volatility distributions were extended to higher volatilities by combining the speciation information of the gas phase volatile organic compounds with particle phase volatility distributions and organic carbon measurements. These measurements also provided the emission factors of the gas and particle phase emissions. The results for the particle phase volatility matched well with the existing results placing most of the volatile organic mass in the intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOC). The IVOCs also dominated the speciated gas phase. Partitioning of the emissions in the gas and particle phases was affected significantly by the total organic mass concentration, underlining the importance of the effect of the dilution on the phase of the emissions.
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| 4. |
- Salo, Kent, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal characterization of aminium nitrate nanoparticles.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The journal of physical chemistry. A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215 .- 1089-5639. ; 115:42, s. 11671-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amines are widely used and originate from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Recently, there is, in addition, a raised concern about emissions of small amines formed as degradation products of the more complex amines used in CO(2) capture and storage systems. Amines are bases and can readily contribute to aerosol mass and number concentration via acid-base reactions but are also subject to gas phase oxidation forming secondary organic aerosols. To provide more insight into the atmospheric fate of the amines, this paper addresses the volatility properties of aminium nitrates suggested to be produced in the atmosphere from acid-base reactions of amines with nitric acid. The enthalpy of vaporization has been determined for the aminium nitrates of mono-, di-, trimethylamine, ethylamine, and monoethanolamine. The enthalpy of vaporization was determined from volatility measurements of laboratory generated aerosol nanoparticles using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer set up. The determined enthalpy of vaporization for aminium nitrates range from 54 up to 74 kJ mol(-1), and the calculated vapor pressures at 298 K are around 10(-4) Pa. These values indicate that aminium nitrates can take part in gas-to-particle partitioning at ambient conditions and have the potential to nucleate under high NO(x) conditions, e.g., in combustion plumes.
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| 5. |
- Tan, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 122:18, s. 4470-4480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 American Chemical Society. The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH 3 ) 3 CNH 2 , was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH 3 ) 3 CNHNO 2 , and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH 3 ) 3 CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH 3 ) 3 CN=NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and the (CH 3 ) 3 Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10 -6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10 -12 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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