| 1. |
- Marklinder, Ingela, et al.
(author)
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Food safety knowledge, sources thereof and self-reported behaviour among university students in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Food Control. - : Elsevier. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- International studies have noted shortcomings in food safety knowledge and behaviour among university students. In general students do not constitute a pronounced risk group but there are wider implications. In a foreseeable future some of them will become pregnant and a majority will be responsible for vulnerable groups in their near environment. A crucial question exists, therefore, about their food safety knowledge and safe food handling practices. The aim of this study is to investigate food safety knowledge, sources thereof and self-reported food safety behavior among university students in Sweden. A quantitative study design using a web-based questionnaire was chosen as the data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed through social media and e-mail. Among the 606 respondents from 24 Swedish universities 80% were 18-30 years and 78% were women. The average number of correct answers on the knowledge questions was 7.61 out of 12 (63.4%). The foremost source of food safety knowledge was "Family and friends" (45%). Just 21.1% reported Food safety education as a source, although 35.6% had experience of a course in food hygiene/safety and/or microbiology. Respondents who reported "Family and friends" to be the foremost food safety source of knowledge also got a significantly lower rate of correct answers. Students who estimated their food safety knowledge to be good also had more correct answers. Experience of food safety education at secondary school/university/working place/polytechnic school significantly correlated with more correct answers on the knowledge questions and indicated a safer self-reported behaviour. Those with fewer correct answers also reported more unfavourable behaviours. The present study indicates that education promotes more optimal behaviors. The authors would suggest a more systematic food safety education at younger ages.
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| 2. |
- Beausang, Angela, et al.
(author)
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"Möjligheten att rädda några av dessa kvinnors liv har inte vägts in"
- 2014
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In: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Namnet på Socialstyrelsens vägledning lyder: Hur upptäcka våldsutsatthet? Ja, det kan man verkligen fråga sig efter att ha läst detta föga vägledande dokument, skriver ett stort antal kritiska debattörer.
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| 3. |
- Al-Chalabi, Ammar, et al.
(author)
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July 2017 ENCALS statement on edaravone
- 2017
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In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2167-8421 .- 2167-9223. ; 18:7-8, s. 471-474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
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| 4. |
- Babula, Oksana, et al.
(author)
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Altered distribution of mannose-binding lectin alleles at exon I codon 54 in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome
- 2004
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In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - St Louis : Mosby. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 191:3, s. 762-766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is active in the innate immune defense against microorganisms. In this study, we determined whether vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, a disorder of unknown etiology, was associated with an altered distribution of MBL alleles.Study design: Buccal swabs were obtained from women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome in New York (62) and from 2 cities in Sweden (60), as well as control women in New York (48) and Sweden (51). DNA was tested for a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 54 in exon I by polymerase chain reaction, endonuclease digestion, and gel electrophoresis. Blood samples were also obtained from the New York women and tested by ELISA for plasma MBL concentrations. The relationships between genotype, allele frequencies, blood MBL levels, and diagnosis were analyzed by Fisher exact test and one-way analysis of variance.Results: The variant MBL allele, MBL*B, was detected in 35.5% and 26.7% of vulvar vestibulitis patients from New York and Sweden, respectively. Only 12.5% of New York controls (P = .007) and 9.8% of Swedish controls (P = .01) were MBL*2-positive. All women, with one exception, who were positive for MBL*B were MBL*A/MBL*B heterozygotes. Women who carried MBL*B had almost a 10-fold reduction in median plasma MBL concentrations (278 ng/mL), as opposed to women who were MBL*A homozygotes (1980 ng/mL) (P < .0001).Conclusion: MBL*B carriage and reduced plasma MBL levels are more common in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome than in control patients, and may contribute to symptomatology in a subset of patients.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsdotter, H., et al.
(author)
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Ongoing or previous mental disorders predispose to adverse mood reporting during combined oral contraceptive use
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 23:1, s. 45-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Previous studies have emphasised that women with pre-existing mood disorders are more inclined to discontinue hormonal contraceptive use. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on mood in women with previous or ongoing mental disorders. Materials and methods: This is a supplementary analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial during which 202 women were treated with either a COC (1.5mg estradiol and 2.5mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo during three treatment cycles. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to collect information on previous or ongoing mental disorders. The primary outcome measure was the total change score in five mood symptoms on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scale in the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle. Results: Women with ongoing or previous mood, anxiety or eating disorders allocated to COC had higher total DRSP -scores during the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle in comparison with corresponding women randomised to placebo, mean difference 1.3 (95% CI 0.3-2.3). In contrast, among women without mental health problems, no difference in total DRSP -scores between COC- and placebo users was noted. Women with a risk use of alcohol who were randomised to the COC had higher total DRSP -scores than women randomised to placebo, mean difference 2.1 (CI 95% 1.0-3.2). Conclusions: Women with ongoing or previous mental disorders or risk use of alcohol have greater risk of COC-induced mood symptoms. This may be worth noting during family planning and contraceptive counselling.
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| 6. |
- Blom, Helena, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Multiple violence victimisation associated with sexual ill health and sexual risk behaviours in Swedish youth
- 2016
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In: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 21:1, s. 49-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To address the associations between emotional, physical and sexual violence, specifically multiple violence victimisation, and sexual ill health and sexual risk behaviours in youth, as well as possible gender differences.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey among sexually experienced youth using a questionnaire with validated questions on emotional, physical, and sexual violence victimisation, sociodemographics, health risk behaviours, and sexual ill health and sexual risk behaviours. Proportions, unadjusted/adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: The participants comprised 1192 female and 1021 male students aged 15 to 22 years. The females had experienced multiple violence (victimisation with two or three types of violence) more often than the males (21% vs. 16%). The associations between multiple violence victimisation and sexual ill health and sexual risk behaviours were consistent for both genders. Experience of/involvement in pregnancy yielded adjusted ORs of 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.7) for females and 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-3.4) for males, and early age at first intercourse 2.2 (95% CI 1.6-3.1) for females and 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.0) for males. No significantly raised adjusted ORs were found for non-use of contraceptives in young men or young women, or for chlamydia infection in young men.Conclusions: Several types of sexual ill health and sexual risk behaviours are strongly associated with multiple violence victimisation in both genders. This should be taken into consideration when counselling young people and addressing their sexual and reproductive health.
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| 7. |
- Blom, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Strong association between earlier abuse and revictimization in youth
- 2014
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14:14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Violence victimization among youth is recognized as a public health problem. The objective was to analyze the risk pattern of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during the past 12 months by gender, sociodemographic factors, health risk behaviors, and exposure to abuse before the age of 15, among young men and women attending youth health centers in Sweden.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a nationally representative sample of youth health centers. A total of 2,250 young women and 920 young men aged 15-23 completed a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI were calculated.Results: A consistent and strong association was noted between exposure to all types of violence during the past year and victimization before the age of 15 for all types of violence for both women and men. The only exceptions were childhood sexual victimization and sexual violence during the past year for men. Younger age was associated with all violence exposure for the women and with emotional violence for the men. For the women, drug use was associated with all types of violence, while the association with hazardous alcohol use and not living with parents was restricted to physical and sexual violence exposure, present smoking was restricted to emotional and physical violence exposure, and partnership and living in urban areas were restricted to sexual violence. For men, not being partnered, hazardous alcohol consumption, and drug use meant increased risk for physical violence, while smoking and living in urban areas were associated with sexual violence. After adjustment, immigration had no association with violence exposure.Conclusions: Violence victimization in young men and women is often not a single experience. Findings underline the importance of early interventions among previously abused youth.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blom, Helena, 1970-
(author)
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Violence exposure among Swedish youth
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundViolence is a global public health problem and violence among youth is a matter of high priority. Adolescence and young adulthood are important periods for the foundation of future health. Youth victimization may have serious health consequences, making it important to address the occurrence and socio-medical context for possible interventions against violence.AimsTo analyze prevalence, risk patterns and gender differences in emotional, physical, sexual, and multiple-violence victimizations and the associations between violence victimization and sexual ill health, sexual risk behaviors and mental health in Swedish youth.MethodsA cross sectional study using two samples, a national sample from nine youth health centers in Sweden and a population-based sample from a middle-sized Swedish city. The questionnaire included standardized instruments addressing violence exposure (NorAQ), socio-demographics, mental and sexual ill-health and sexual risk behaviors, alcohol and substance use. Proportions and crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% CI were calculated.ResultsA total of 2,250 young women and 920 men, aged 15-23, answered the questionnaire at the youth health centers. In upper secondary school, 1,658 women and 1,589 men, aged 15-22, answered the questionnaire.High prevalence rates with gendered differences both in rates and in co-occurrence of different types of violence were found. Women were more often exposed to emotional violence and sexual violence than men, while men were more often physically victimized. For both women and men, violence victimization before the age of 15 was strongly associated with all types of violence victimizations during the past year.Strong associations were found between multiple-violence victimization and poor mental health in both genders. Among the sexually experienced students, consistent associations between lifetime multiple-violence victimization and various sexual ill-health and sexual risk behaviors were found in both genders, except for non-contraceptive use.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of violence victimization in youth and strong associations between victimization, especially multiple victimization, and poor mental and sexual health were found. This needs to be recognized and addressed in social and medical settings.
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| 10. |
- Danielsson, Ingela, et al.
(author)
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Gendered patterns of high violence exposure among Swedish youth
- 2009
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In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 88:5, s. 528-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The WHO describes violence as a global public health problem. In contrast to domestic violence, violence against youth has been little explored. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence and gender differences in relation to emotional, physical and sexual abuse among young men and women attending youth health centers in Sweden, the current adverse effects of the abuse and the perpetrators of the abuse. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nationally representative youth health centers in Sweden. POPULATION AND METHODS: In total, 2,250 women and 920 men aged 15-23 years answered a validated questionnaire about emotional, physical and sexual abuse. RESULTS: A total of 33% (CI: 31-35) of the young women and 18% (CI: 16-21) of the young men had been exposed to emotional abuse during the past year. For physical abuse, 18% (CI: 17-20) of the women and 27% (CI: 24-30) of the men stated that they had been abused during the past year. The gender differences for sexual abuse were pronounced, with 14% (CI: 12-15) of the young women and 4.7% (CI: 3.3-6.0) of the men stating that they had been abused during the past 12 months. The young women reported more severe adverse effects from all types of abuse and were more often abused by a person close to them. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure to violence among young people is alarming and presents prominent gender differences, and should be taken into serious consideration as it is a matter of health, democracy and human rights.
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| 11. |
- Danielsson, Ingela, et al.
(author)
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Tydliga könsskillnader i ungdomars utsatthet för våld : Också stora skillnader mellan olika studier
- 2010
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:18, s. 1230-1234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare has declared that violence is a public health issue and also that young people aged 16-24 years are the category most exposed to violence. In this article the large differences in prevalence rates for exposure to different forms of violence, as reported in various Swedish studies, are presented and discussed. In most studies it was evident that young women were more often exposed to psychological and sexual violence than young men, while young men were more often exposed to physical violence. Young women's reporting of current suffering from the violence they had experienced was more pronounced than that reported by young men. A question for discussion is whether the violence exposure of young men and women might be a reason for the decline in psychological and physical health among youth, as reported in Swedish national health surveys over the past 15-20 years.
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| 12. |
- Danielsson, Ninni, et al.
(author)
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WAP privacy with P3P : Some user tests of P3P vocabulary and privacy preferences menu hierarchies in small displays
- 2004
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This thesis examines usability issues of P3P relative to WAP. Through the WAP-technology, people have the possibility to access the Internet from their mobile phones. This technique makes users more vulnerable as they expose their personal information. P3P is a technical specification, designed to help users gain more control over the use of their personal information on Internet sites they visit.To be able to utilise the P3P functionality, it is important that users comprehend P3P vocabulary and also that they understand how to make privacy preference settings. A vocabulary test and a usability test were performed. The interface investigated in the usability test was a multiple-level menu design for privacy settings for mobile phones. The vocabulary test was performed on 87 students at Karlstad University, by using a self-completion questionnaire. The usability test was performed on six people in the Ozlab at Karlstad University. The conclusions from the tests are that sub-menus have to be distinct from each other and most terms have to be explained. Some users do not perceive underlining in a WAP user interface as indication of links, in spite of their familiarity with web standards.
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Anita, et al.
(author)
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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Child Neuropsychological Assessment With a Collaborative and Therapeutic Approach : A Preliminary Study
- 2016
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In: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2162-2965 .- 2162-2973. ; 5:2, s. 97-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This preliminary study explored if a collaborative and therapeutic approach (CTA) could reduce self-reported psychiatric symptoms (Beck Youth Inventories [BYI]) in children referred for neuropsychological assessment. Participants included 11 children (M-age=12.4 years) receiving CTA, 11 (M-age=12.6 years) receiving parent support, and 9 (M-age=12.3 years) remaining on a waiting list. Contrary to both comparison groups, the CTA group reported fewer psychiatric symptoms on most BYI subscales after intervention, and this decrease was sustained for the Anger and Anxiety subscales at 6-month follow-up. Findings support a potential effectiveness of CTA in the neuropsychological assessment of children in a child psychiatric setting.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hognert, Helena, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Ecological study on the use of hormonal contraception, abortions and births among teenagers in the Nordic countries
- 2018
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In: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 8:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RESULTS: Both annual birth rates and abortion rates fell in all the Nordic countries during the study period. The highest user rate of hormonal contraceptives among 15-19-year-olds was observed in Denmark (from 51% to 47%) followed by Sweden (from 39% to 42%) and Norway (from 37% to 41%). Combined oral contraceptives were the most commonly used methods in all countries. The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), implants and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, were increasing, especially in Sweden and Norway. In the subgroup of 18-19-year-old teenagers, the user rates of hormonal contraceptives varied between 63% and 61% in Denmark, 56% and 61% in Norway and 54% and 56% in Sweden. In the same subgroup, the steepest increase of LARC was seen, from 2% to 6% in Denmark, 2% to 9% in Norway and 7% to 17% in Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: Birth and abortion rates continuously declined in the Nordic countries among teenagers. There was a high user rate of hormonal contraceptives, with an increase in the use of LARC especially among the oldest teenagers. OBJECTIVES: Compare hormonal contraceptive use, birth and abortion rates among teenagers in the Nordic countries. A secondary aim was to explore plausible explanations for possible differences between countries. DESIGN: Ecological study using national registry data concerning births and abortions among all women aged 15-19 years residing in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden 2008-2015. Age-specific data on prescriptions for hormonal contraceptives for the period 2008-2015 were obtained from national databases in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. SETTING: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Women 15-19 years old in all Nordic countries (749 709) and 13-19 years old in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (815 044). © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 17. |
- Hognert, Helena, 1973, et al.
(author)
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High birth rates despite easy access to contraception and abortion : a cross-sectional study.
- 2017
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In: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 96:12, s. 1414-1422
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to describe and compare contraceptive use, fertility, birth and abortion rates in the Nordic countries.National data on births, abortions, fertility rate (1975-2013), redeemed prescriptions of hormonal contraceptives and sales figures of copper intrauterine devices (2008-2013) among women 15-49 years of age in the Nordic countries were collected and analysed.Use of hormonal contraceptives and copper intrauterine devices varied between 31-44%. The highest use was in Denmark (39-44%) and Sweden (40-42%). Combined hormonal contraception followed by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system were the most common methods. During 1975-2013 abortion rates decreased in Denmark (27-15/1000 women aged 15-44) and Finland (20-10), remained stable in Norway (≈16) and Sweden (≈20) and increased in Iceland (6 -15). Birth rates remained stable around 60/1000 women aged 15-44 in all countries except for Iceland where the birth rate decreased from 95-65. Abortion rates were highest in the age group 20-24 years. In the same age group Sweden had a lower contraceptive use (51%) compared to Denmark (59%) and Norway (56%) and a higher abortion rate 33/1000 compared to Denmark (25/1000) and Norway (27/1000).In contrast to the declining average fertility and birth rates in Europe, rates in the Nordic countries remain high and stable despite high contraceptive use and liberal access to abortion on womens' request. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Hognert, Helena, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Immediate versus delayed insertion of an etonogestrel releasing implant at medical abortion-a randomized controlled equivalence trial
- 2016
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 31:11, s. 2484-2490
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Does a progestin releasing subdermal contraceptive implant affect the efficacy of medical abortion if inserted at the same visit as the progesterone receptor modulator, mifepristone, at medical abortion? A etonogestrel releasing subdermal implant inserted on the day of mifepristone did not impair the efficacy of the medical abortion compared with routine insertion at 2-4 weeks after the abortion. The etonogestrel releasing subdermal implant is one of the most effective long acting reversible contraceptive methods. The effect of timing of placement on the efficacy of mifepristone and impact on prevention of subsequent unintended pregnancy is not known. This multicentre, randomized controlled, equivalence trial with recruitment between 13 October 2013 and 17 October 2015 included a total of 551 women with pregnancies below 64 days gestation opting for the etonogestrel releasing subdermal implant as postabortion contraception. Women were randomized to either insertion at 1 hour after mifepristone intake (immediate) or at follow-up 2-4 weeks later (delayed insertion). An equivalence design was used due to advantages for women such as fewer visits to the clinic with immediate insertion. The primary outcome was the percentage of women with complete abortion not requiring surgical intervention within 1 month. Secondary outcomes included insertion rates, pregnancy and repeat abortion rates during 6 months follow-up. Analysis was per protocol and by intention to treat. Women aged 18 years and older who had requested medical termination of a pregnancy up to 63 days of gestation and opted for an etonogestrel releasing contraceptive implant were recruited in outpatient family planning clinics in six hospitals in Sweden and Scotland. Efficacy of medical abortion was 259/275 (94.2%) in the immediate insertion group and 239/249 (96%) in the routine insertion group with a risk difference of 1.8% (95% CI -0.4 to 4.1%), which was within the +/- 5% margin of equivalence. The insertion rate was 275/277 (98.9%) in the immediate group compared to 187/261 (71.6%) women in the routine group (P < 0.001). At 6 months of follow-up significantly fewer women in the immediate group had become pregnant again (2/277, 0.8%) compared to the routine group (10/261, 3.8%) P = 0.018. For the main outcome loss to follow-up data was minimized through access to patient records. Efforts were made to reduce loss to follow-up also for secondary outcomes. The results of the sensitivity analysis did not differ from the intention to treat or per protocol analysis. Guidelines on postabortion contraception should be amended to include insertion of the etonogestrel releasing implant at the time of mifepristone intake for medical abortion up to and including a gestation of 63 days. This study was funded by the Swedish Research Council (2012-2844), Stockholm City County and Karolinska Institutet (ALF). The contraceptive implants were provided by Merck and supplied by MSD Sweden. HKK and KGD have received honorariums for giving lectures for MSD/Merck and have participated in the national (HKK and KGD) and international (KGD) medical advisory boards for MSD/Merck. The other authors have nothing to declare.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kåbjörn-Gustafsson, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Cell Senescence in Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma
- 2014
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In: Sarcoma. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1357-714X .- 1369-1643. ; 2014:Article ID 208786
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MLS/RCLS) is the second most common liposarcoma type and characterized by the fusion oncogenes FUS-DDIT3 or EWSR1-DDIT3. Previous analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins revealed a prominent expression of G1-cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases and their inhibitors but very few cells progressing through the G1/S boundary. Here, we extend the investigation to proteins involved in cell senescence in an immunohistochemistry based study of 17 MLS/RCLS cases. Large subpopulations of tumor cells expressed the RBL2 pocket protein and senescence associated heterochromatin 1γ and IL8 receptor β. We conclude that MLS/RCLS tissues contain major populations of senescent tumor cells and this may explain the slow growth rate of this tumor type.
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| 23. |
- Lange, Maria, et al.
(author)
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För lite hemkunskap ökar risken för matförgiftningar
- 2017
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In: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; Tisdag 15 augusti, s. 6-6
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN.DebattRunt 500 000 människor drabbas enligt beräkningar av matförgiftning i Sverige varje år. Bristande hygienkunskaper i hushållen är en av orsakerna. Nu är det dags för en utökad timplan i hemkunskap för att Sverige skall få medvetna konsumenter, minskat matsvinn och färre fall av matförgiftningar, skriver en grupp experter inom området.
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| 24. |
- Lindh, Ingela, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Contraceptive use in the Nordic countries.
- 2017
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In: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 96:1, s. 19-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to compare contraceptive use in the Nordic countries and to assess compliance with recommendations from the European Medicines Agency regarding the use of combined oral contraception containing low-dose estrogen and levonorgestrel, norethisterone or norgestimate.Data on hormonal contraceptive prescriptions and sales figures for copper intrauterine devices were obtained from national databases and manufacturers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden in 2010-2013.Contraceptive use was highest in Denmark (42%) and Sweden (41%), followed by Finland (40%). Combined oral contraception was the most used method in all countries, with the highest use in Denmark (26%). The second most used method was the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, with the highest use in Finland (15%) and ≈10% in the other countries. Copper intrauterine devices (7%) and the progestin-only pill (7%) were most often used in Sweden. Combined oral contraception use decreased with increasing age and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and progestin-only pills use increased. The use of long-acting reversible methods of contraception (=levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, copper intrauterine devices, and implants) increased with time and was highest in Sweden (20%) and Finland (18%). The highest use of European Medicines Agency recommended combined oral contraception was in Denmark, increasing from 13 to 50% between 2010 and 2013. In Finland, recommended combined oral contraception remained below 1%.Contraceptive use was highest in Denmark and Sweden, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use was highest in Finland and all long-acting methods were most common in Sweden. The use of combined oral contraception recommended by the European Medicines Agency was highest in Denmark.
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| 25. |
- Lindh, Ingela, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Reproductive changes among women in their 40s: A cross-sectional study
- 2022
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In: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 101:42, s. 248-255
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The aim was to describe and compare changes in the reproductive pattern of women in their 40s observed over a decade in Scandinavia. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study using the total population of women aged 40-49 years between 2008-2018 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (on average n = 1.5 million). Aggregated data concerning birth and induced abortion rate were collected and analyzed from national health registers. National data on redeemed prescriptions of hormonal contraceptives in the three countries were collected from prescription registers. Births after spontaneous and assisted conceptions were identified by using cross-linked data on deliveries from the Medical Birth Registers and National Registers of Assisted Reproduction in the three countries. Results: Use of hormonal contraception increased among women aged 40-44 years in Denmark from 24% to 31%, in Sweden from 27% to 30%, and in Norway from 22% to 24%. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device was the most frequently used method in all countries. Birth rates among women 40-44 years increased continuously from 9.5 to 12/1000 women in Denmark and from 11.7 to 14.3/1000 in Sweden, but remained stable in Norway at similar to 11/1000 women. There was a doubling of assisted conceptions in Denmark from 0.71 to 1.71/1000 women, Sweden from 0.43 to 0.81/1000 and Norway from 0.25 to 0.53/1000 women 40-49 years of age. Sweden had the highest induced abortion rate (7.7 to 8.1/1000 women) in women aged 40-49 years during the study period. Conclusions: From 2008 to 2018, birth rates continuously increased among women aged 40-49 years in Denmark and Sweden and births resulting from assisted reproductive technology doubled in all three countries.
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| 26. |
- Lopez-Valladares, Gloria, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Human isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in Sweden during half a century (1958-2010)
- 2014
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In: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 142, s. 2251-2260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes (n=932) isolated in Sweden during 1958–2010 from human patients with invasive listeriosis were characterized by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (AscI). Of the 932 isolates, 183 different PFGE types were identified, of which 83 were each represented by only one isolate. In all, 483 serovar 1/2a isolates were distributed over 114 PFGE types; 90 serovar 1/2b isolates gave 32 PFGE types; 21 serovar 1/2c isolates gave nine PFGE types; three serovar 3b isolates gave one PFGE type; and, 335 serovar 4b isolates gave 31 PFGE types. During the 1980s in Sweden, several serovar 4b cases were associated with the consumption of European raw soft cheese. However, as cheese-production hygiene has improved, the number of 4b cases has decreased. Since 1996, serovar 1/2a has been the dominant L. monocytogenes serovar in human listeriosis in Sweden. Therefore, based on current serovars and PFGE types, an association between human cases of listeriosis and the consumption of vacuum-packed gravad and cold-smoked salmon is suggested.
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| 27. |
- Lundin, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Combined oral contraceptive use is associated with both improvement and worsening of mood in the different phases of the treatment cycle-A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial
- 2017
-
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 76, s. 135-143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Ever since the introduction of combined oral contraception (COC), one of the major reasons for discontinuing the pill use has been mood-related side effects. Moreover, women who discontinue the pill turn to less effective methods whereby the probability of an unintended conception increases. Approximately 4-10% of COC users complain of depressed mood, irritability or increased anxiety, but drug-related causality has been difficult to prove. Given the lack of randomized controlled trials in this area, we aimed to prospectively estimate the severity of adverse mood in COC users that would be as representative of general users as possible. Methods: This investigator-initiated, multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study included 202 healthy women. Women were randomized to a COC (1.5 mg estradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo for three treatment cycles. Main outcome measure was the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP), which was filled out daily during one baseline cycle and the final treatment cycle. Results: Results from 84 women in the COC group and 94 women in the placebo group were analysed. COC use was associated with small, but statistically significant, increases in mean anxiety (0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.37, p = 0.003), irritability (0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.38, p = 0.012), and mood swings scores (0.15; 95% CI: 0.00-0.31, p = 0.047) during the intermenstrual phase, but a significant premenstrual improvement in depression (-0.33; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.05, p = 0.049). Secondary analyses showed that women with previous adverse hormonal contraceptive experience reported significantly greater mood worsening in the intermenstrual phase in comparison with healthy women, p <0.05. The proportion of women who reported a clinically relevant mood deterioration did not differ between those allocated to COC (24.1%) or placebo (17.0%), p = 0.262. Conclusion: COC use is associated with small but statistically significant mood side effects in the inter menstrual phase. These findings are driven by a subgroup of women who clearly suffer from COC-related side effects. However, positive mood effects are noted in the premenstrual phase and the proportion of women with clinically relevant mood worsening did not differ between treatment groups. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Lundin, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Sexual function and combined oral contraceptives : a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
- 2018
-
In: Endocrine Connections. - : Bioscientifica. - 2049-3614. ; 7:11, s. 1208-1216
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on female sexuality has long been a matter of discussion, but placebo-controlled studies are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if an oestradiol-containing COC influences sexual function.Design: Investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial where 202 healthy women were randomised to a combined oral contraceptive (1.5 mg oestradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate) or placebo for three treatment cycles.Methods: Sexual function at baseline and during the last week of the final treatment cycle was evaluated by the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire. Serum and hair testosterone levels were assessed at the same time points.Results: Compared to placebo, COC use was associated with a small decrease in sexual interest (COC median change score: -2.0; interquartile range (IQR): -5.0 to 0.5 vs placebo: -1.0; IQR: -3.0 to 2.0, P=0.019), which remained following adjustment for change in self-rated depressive symptoms (B= -0.80 +/- 0.30, Wald =7.08, P=0.008). However, the proportion of women who reported a clinically relevant deterioration in sexual interest did not differ between COC or placebo users (COC 18 (22.2%) vs placebo 16 (17.8%), P=0.47). Change in other measured aspects of sexual function as well as total score of sexual function did not differ between the two treatments.Conclusions: This study suggests that use of oestradiol-based COCs is associated with reduced sexual interest. However, the changes are minute, and probably not of clinical relevance.
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| 29. |
- Lundin, C., et al.
(author)
-
Sexual function and combined oral contraceptives: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
- 2018
-
In: Endocrine Connections. - : Bioscientifica. - 2049-3614. ; 7:11, s. 1208-1216
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on female sexuality has long been a matter of discussion, but placebo-controlled studies are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if an oestradiol-containing COC influences sexual function. Design: Investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial where 202 healthy women were randomised to a combined oral contraceptive (1.5 mg oestradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate) or placebo for three treatment cycles. Methods: Sexual function at baseline and during the last week of the final treatment cycle was evaluated by the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire. Serum and hair testosterone levels were assessed at the same time points. Results: Compared to placebo, COC use was associated with a small decrease in sexual interest (COC median change score: -2.0; interquartile range (IQR): -5.0 to 0.5 vs placebo: -1.0; IQR: -3.0 to 2.0, P=0.019), which remained following adjustment for change in self-rated depressive symptoms (B= -0.80 +/- 0.30, Wald =7.08, P=0.008). However, the proportion of women who reported a clinically relevant deterioration in sexual interest did not differ between COC or placebo users (COC 18 (22.2%) vs placebo 16 (17.8%), P=0.47). Change in other measured aspects of sexual function as well as total score of sexual function did not differ between the two treatments. Conclusions: This study suggests that use of oestradiol-based COCs is associated with reduced sexual interest. However, the changes are minute, and probably not of clinical relevance.
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| 30. |
- Marklinder, Ingela, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
A Structural Equation Model Demonstrating the Relationship between Food Safety Background, Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour among Swedish Students
- 2022
-
In: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 11:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditionally, food safety knowledge has been seen as a factor in improving food safety behaviour. However, the relationship between knowledge and behavior is complex. The aim of the present study was to investigate self-reported data from 408 university students regarding food safety background, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to examine the influence of different factors on food safety behaviour. The SEM was applied to four factors derived from the data: Background, Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour. The novelty of this current investigation is the inclusion of the Background factor (genus; experience of cooking and handling different food items; experience of a food safety education course; the foremost sources of food safety knowledge). The factors were constructed from variables with sufficient factor loadings and set up in a predetermined structure confirmed to be valid in previous studies. The results, demonstrated as regression coefficients between factors, confirm that the Background factor strongly influenced Knowledge (0.842). The Knowledge factor, in turn, strongly affected Attitude (0.605), while it did not directly affect Behaviour (0.301) in the same way as Attitude. Attitude had a stronger influence on Behaviour (0.438) than Knowledge. Thus, the Attitude factor seemed to play a mediating role between Knowledge and Behaviour. This indicates that students ' attitudes towards the importance of food safety may have an impact on their food safety behavior, which should have implications for the development of food safety education. This warrants further investigation and practical development.
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| 31. |
- Marklinder, Ingela, et al.
(author)
-
Attitudes Related to Food Safety Behavior Among Students in Sweden
- 2021
-
In: IAFP:s European Symposium on food safety. Virtual meeting 27-28 April 2021.. ; , s. 65-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: It has earlir been shown through an online questionnaire performed on 606 students from 24 different Swedish universities that the foremost sources of food safety knowledge were family and friends. However, more than a third of the students had experienced food safety education which was shown to provide knowledge and promoted more optimal food safety behavior.Purpose: Self-reported food safety attitudes, knowledge and behaviour among university students in Sweden were investigated through multivariate path analysis in order to identify factors' influence on behavior.Methods: A nationwide web-based questionnaire targeting university students in Sweden was distributed through social media, email and various university contacts. A structural equation model was applied on statistics from the questionnaire. Four factors: Background, Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior were derived from the data. The factors, built up from variables with sufficient factor loadings were set up in a predetermined structure. The structure was based on whether background affects knowledge and whether knowledge affects behavior and attitude, and whether attitude affects behavior. The structure has been confirmed valid in previous studies done.Results: The factor loadings were ranging from -1 to 1 where the closer to 1 indicates a stronger loading. Background affected knowledge (0.841). Attitude has a stronger influence on the Behavior (0.457) than Knowledge (0.278). However, Knowledge has directly a strong effect on Attitude (0.606). Out of 606 respiondents, 408 answers were deemed usable for the analysis. More than half of the variables have sufficient loadings to their respective factors to be included. The goodness-of-fit indices, indicated that the model had a good fit to the data, and this including hypothesis testing with a significance of < 0.005.Significance: It can be confirmed that background such as attending a food safety education strongly influenced knowledge. Knowledge in turns strongly affects attitudes but it does not directly affect bahavior. Thus, attitudes seemed to have a mediating role between food safety knowledge and behavior.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Marklinder, Ingela, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Food safety knowledge, sources thereof and self-reported behaviour among university students in Sweden
- 2020
-
In: Food Control. - : Elsevier. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 113
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- International studies have noted shortcomings in food safety knowledge and behaviour among university students. In general students do not constitute a pronounced risk group but there are wider implications. In a foreseeable future some of them will become pregnant and a majority will be responsible for vulnerable groups in their near environment. A crucial question exists, therefore, about their food safety knowledge and safe food handling practices.The aim of this study is to investigate food safety knowledge, sources thereof and self-reported food safety behavior among university students in Sweden.A quantitative study design using a web-based questionnaire was chosen as the data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed through social media and e-mail.Among the 606 respondents from 24 Swedish universities 80% were 18-30 years and 78% were women. The average number of correct answers on the knowledge questions was 7.61 out of 12 (63.4%). The foremost source of food safety knowledge was "Family and friends" (45%). Just 21.1% reported Food safety education as a source, although 35.6% had experience of a course in food hygiene/safety and/or microbiology. Respondents who reported "Family and friends" to be the foremost food safety source of knowledge also got a significantly lower rate of correct answers. Students who estimated their food safety knowledge to be good also had more correct answers. Experience of food safety education at secondary school/university/working place/polytechnic school significantly correlated with more correct answers on the knowledge questions and indicated a safer self-reported behaviour. Those with fewer correct answers also reported more unfavourable behaviours. The present study indicates that education promotes more optimal behaviors. The authors would suggest a more systematic food safety education at younger ages.
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| 34. |
- Nilses, Carin, et al.
(author)
-
40 procent av gymnasieelever riskbrukar alkohol : Starkt samband med utsatthet för fysiskt eller sexuellt våld
- 2011
-
In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:34, s. 1556-1559
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Violence against youth and its association with alcohol use was explored among secondary school students in Sweden. AUDIT-C was used to assess hazardous consumption of alcohol; for exposure to violence, NorVold Abuse Questionnaire was used. Hazardous consumption was common, about 40%, with no gender differences. This consumption pattern was associated with exposure to physical and sexual violence during the past year for both boys and girls. In general the association with physical violence was stronger for boys and sexual violence was stronger for girls. Boys were more often influenced by alcohol or other drugs regarding exposure to violence. For physical violence during the past year about 50% of the boys compared to about 30% of the girls had been influenced by alcohol or other drugs the latest reported event.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Olhager, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Different feeding regimens were not associated with variation in body composition in preterm infants
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 35:25, s. 6403-6410
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim was to determine body composition and growth in preterm infants based on two different feeding regimens and to assess how standard and individual fortification (IF) affect energy and protein intake. Body composition was assessed at full term and at four months corrected age. Methods: Sixty preterm infants born before gestational week 32 were randomized either to IF of mother’s breast milk after it had been analyzed or to standard fortification (SF) of mother’s breast milk based on the average protein and energy content of breast milk. Body composition was measured at full term and at four months corrected age, using air displacement plethysmography. Growth rate and nutritional intake analyses were also conducted. Results: At 40 weeks gestational age, there was no difference between weight (g) (IF 3056 ± 472 vs. SF 3119 ± 564), body fat (%) (IF 19 ± 3.3 vs. SF 21 ± 5.6), fat mass, or fat-free mass between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference between the groups in weight, length, head circumference, or body composition at four months corrected age. Conclusions: Fortification based on breast milk analysis may not improve growth in preterm infants compared to SF. However, both groups were smaller and had a different body composition at term corrected age compared to infants born at term.
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| 37. |
- Olofsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Fear of crime and psychological and physical abuse associated with ill health in a Swedish population aged 65-84 years
- 2012
-
In: Public Health. - : WB Saunders. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 126:4, s. 358-364
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To assess the association between fear of crime and/or psychological and/or physical abuse in relation to self-reported physical and psychological health, using a large representative sample of elderly women and men in Sweden. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanStudy design: Cross-sectional national survey. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Data were taken from a nationwide representative public health survey (2006). Men and women between the ages of 65 and 84 years were selected for the present analyses (4386 men and 4974 women). The response rate for this age group was 59% for men and 70% for women. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Psychological and physical abuse against elderly women and men led to higher odds ratios for negative health outcomes, independently of socio-economic status. Strong correlation was found between psychological abuse and negative health outcomes in both men and women, while the correlation was less strong for physical abuse, especially among women. The men had high odds ratios for suicidal thoughts and even for attempted suicide in connection with physical and psychological abuse and fear of crime. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The study provides representative results addressing an extensive negative health outcome panorama caused by fear of crime and exposure to abuse.
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| 38. |
- Olofsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Higher Risk of Violence Exposure in Men and Women With Physical or Sensory Disabilities : Results From a Public Health Survey
- 2015
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In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 30:10, s. 1671-1686
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The World Health Organization has declared that violence is a global public health problem. The prevalence of violence exposure among adults with intellectual and unspecific disabilities has been demonstrated in several studies, whereas only a few articles on people with sensory disabilities have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk for exposure to physical violence, psychological offence, or threats of violence in people with physical and/or sensory disabilities, compared with people with no such disabilities, controlling for socioeconomic data. Data from a public health survey were analyzed. A nationally representative sample of women and men aged 16 to 84 years had answered a questionnaire. In the present study, the whole sample, comprised of 25,461 women and 21,545 men, was used. Women with auditory disabilities were generally more often violence exposed than non-disabled women, whereas men with physical disabilities were more often violence exposed than non-impaired men. Some age groups among both women and men with visual disabilities had higher prevalence rates than women and men without disabilities. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly higher among the auditory impairment group for exposure to physical (OR = 1.4, confidence interval [CI] = [1.1, 1.9]) and psychological (OR = 1.4, CI = [1.1, 1.8]) violence among women. Men with physical disabilities had raised odds ratios for physical violence (OR = 1.7, CI = [1.2, 2.4]) and psychological violence (OR = 1.4, CI = [1.0, 2.0]) compared with the non-disabled group. Both men and women with a physical or sensory disability showed higher odds of being exposed to violence than men and women without a disability. The results indicated that socioeconomic situation, smoking, and hazardous drinking strengthened the association between impairment and violence.
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| 39. |
- Olofsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Long-term health consequences of violence exposure in adolescence : A 26–year prospective study
- 2012
-
In: BMC Public Health. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12:411
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Violence victimization represents a serious risk factor for health related symptoms, for both men and women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of violence exposure in late adolescence and early adulthood on adult health, physical as well as mental, using a long-term prospective population-based study, with a follow up of 9, 19, and 26 years.Methods: The primary data source is a longitudinal panel from one of the longest running social science surveys in the world, the Swedish Level-of-Living surveys (LNU). We analyzed three cohorts, individuals aged 15-19 in 1974 and 1981, and individuals aged 18-19 in 1991 which were followed up 2000. Structured interviews on childhood, family relationships, life-events, living conditions, health history and status, working conditions, behavioral, psychosocial, and demographic variables were repeatedly used in all cohorts.Results: Multivariate models of violence exposures in adolescence in the 1974-91 cohorts as predictors of adult health in 2000 are reported for both men and women. Women exposed to violence had raised odds ratios for ill health, measured as heavy illness burden, and poor self rated health, after controlling for possible confounders. No such associations were found for men.Conclusions: This study’s findings provide additional empirical support for the importance of policies and practices to identify and prevent violence exposure in adolescence and young adulthood and to supply treatments for adolescence exposed to violence and above all the young women.
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| 40. |
- Olofsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Physical and psychological symptoms and learning difficulties in children of women exposed and non-exposed to violence : a population-based study
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Public Health. - : Birkhäuser Verlag. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 56:1, s. 89-96
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To analyse the association between violence against mothers and the health of their children as reported by the mothers. Methods: The data originate from a multistage sampling health-questionnaire survey, distributed to a representative sample of women in Sweden. The health of 283 children (aged 0-18 years), as reported by women who had been exposed to violence at home or outside home during the past 12 months, was compared with that of 4,664 children of non-exposed mothers. Results: Odds ratios regarding most registered physical symptoms showed that children of violence-exposed mothers had a significant higher risk of ill health than children of non-exposed mothers. Regarding psychological symptoms and learning difficulties, the odds were raised for girls for most symptoms, but not for boys. A twofold increase in health-care utilisation and an overall general increase in the risk of pharmaceutical consumption were shown for both girls and boys of exposed mothers. Conclusions: This population-based study shows an increased risk of poorer health amongst boys and girls aged 0-18 years, as reported by mothers exposed to violence.
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| 41. |
- Olofsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
-
Violence Against Young Men and Women: A Vital Health Issue
- 2009
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In: The Open Public Health Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-9445. ; 2, s. 1-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Violence is regarded as a major health issue in an increasing amount of literature and is known as an important factor in women's ill health. Little however is known about violence against young men and women and its impact on their health. The principal aim of this study was to analyze health outcomes and health care utilization as reported among men and women aged 18-25 exposed and not exposed to physical and/or emotional violence. Study design: A cross-sectional national health survey in Sweden. Methods: Postal questionnaires were sent to nearly 3,000 men and women. Three questions were used to ask about violence. Sociodemographic characteristics for those exposed to violence during the past 12 months were analyzed and compared to those not exposed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for health outcomes and medical care utilization. Results: Increased odds ratios were found for most health outcomes, and health care utilization for those exposed to violence compared to non-exposed. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, smoking, and use of alcohol and cannabis, most variables were principally unchanged for women but considerably lower for men. Socioeconomic factors, smoking, and the use of drugs were all correlated to victimization. Conclusions: A strong association between those exposed to violence and physical and mental ill health was demonstrated also after adjusting for possible confounders, specifically for women. It is time to include questions about violence in public health questionnaires aimed at young people, but also to start asking about it more frequently in health care settings.
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| 42. |
- Olofsson, Niclas
(author)
-
Violence through the life cycle : A public health problem
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Violence has probably always been part of the human experience. Its impact can be seen, in various forms, in all parts of the world. In 1996, WHO:s Forty-Ninth World Health Assembly adopted a resolution , declaring violence a major and growing public health problem around the world. Public health work centers around health promotion and disease prevention activities in the population and public health is an expression of the health status of the population taking into account both the level and the distribution of health. Exposure to violence can have many aspects, differing throughout the life course — deprivation of autonomy, financial exploitation, psychological and physical neglect or abuse — but all types share common characteristics: the use of destructive force to control others by depriving them of safety, freedom, health and, in too many instances, life; the epidemic proportions of the problem, particularly among vulnerable groups; a devastating impact on individuals, families, neighborhoods, communities, and society.Methods: Three different data sources were used in the four articles, three cross-sectional studies (“Life and Health in Norrland” and “Health on Equal Terms 2004 and 2006”) and one longitudinal (“Level-of-Living Survey”).Results: We present an important picture of the strong association between exposure to violence and ill health through the life cycle. A population-based study showed an increased risk of poorer physical and psychological health among boys and girls aged 0-18, as reported by their mothers exposed to violence. Further, a strong association between those exposed to violence and physical and mental ill health was demonstrated in young adults aged 18-25, also after adjusting for possible confounders, specifically for women. Even in an elder group aged 65-84, representative results showed an extensive negative health outcome panorama caused by fear of crime and exposure to abuse both in elderly men and women. Lastly, in trying to provide additional empirical support for the association between exposure to violence and ill health the prospective study demonstrated that violence exposure in adolescence and young adulthood presented a negative association to severe illness burden in adulthood for women but not men.Conclusion: Exposure to violence among both men and women is an important risk factor for ill health and should receive greater attention in public health work. A strong association between violence and various health outcomes was demonstrated in different time periods through the life cycle.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Palm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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How do youth with experience of violence victimization and/or risk drinking perceive routine inquiry about violence and alcohol consumption in Swedish youth clinics? : A qualitative study
- 2017
-
In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 13, s. 51-57
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore perceptions and experiences among youth who underwent structured questions about violence victimization and alcohol consumption when visiting Swedish youth clinics.Methods: This study is part of a larger research project examining the effect of including routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption for youth visiting youth clinics. Fifteen youth with experiences of victimization and/or risk drinking (AUDIT-C >= 5) were interviewed. Content analysis was used.Results: The findings were grouped into three main categories: The first; "Disclosure talking about violence" reflected the participants' experiences of being asked about victimization. Participants were in favor of routine inquiry about violence victimization, even when questions caused distress. The questions helped participants reflect on prior victimization and process what had happened to them. The second; "Influence on the life situation" demonstrated that many of the participants still were effected by prior victimization, but also how talking about violence sometimes led to the possibility of initiating change such as leaving a destructive relationship or starting therapy. In the third; "One's own alcohol consumption in black and white" participants considered it natural to be asked about alcohol consumption. However, most participants did not consider their drinking problematic, even when told they exceeded guidelines. They viewed risk drinking in terms of immediate consequences rather than in quantity or frequency of alcohol intake.Conclusion: Routine inquiry about violence victimization and risk drinking at youth clinics was well received. Questions about violence helped participants to interpret and process prior victimization and sometimes initiated change.
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| 45. |
- Palm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Motivational interviewing does not affect risk drinking among young women : A randomised, controlled intervention study in Swedish youth health centres
- 2016
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:6, s. 611-618
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse risk and binge drinking at 12-month follow-up in young women with risk drinking who received motivational interviewing compared with controls.Methods: Young women attending Swedish youth health centres were randomised into intervention or control groups. The intervention group members were asked about their alcohol consumption by a midwife/social worker using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption. A score of 5 was used as the cut-off value for risk drinking. Participants with risk drinking in the intervention group received motivational interviewing within the same visit. Participants in the control group had a regular visit with a midwife/social worker and answered the same questions about alcohol consumption in a questionnaire after their visit. A questionnaire with the same questions was administered to participants 12 months after baseline.Results: Of 1445 eligible young women, 1051 (73%) consented to randomisation and were enrolled in the study. The follow-up rate was 54%. There was a significant decrease in risk- and binge drinking, from baseline to follow-up, in both the intervention and the control groups. Generalised estimating equation analyses demonstrated no significant effect between groups. Of participants who did not have risk drinking at baseline, about 20% in both groups had developed high-risk drinking by the 12-month follow-up.Conclusions: No significant differences in risk drinking between young women who received motivational interviewing and controls were found. There was a large intra-individual mobility in young women's risk drinking behaviour. This highlights the importance of finding reliable screening tools that can capture the mobility in drinking behaviour in youth. More research is needed before recommendations can be made.
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| 46. |
- Palm, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
No Differences in Health Outcomes After Routine Inquiry About Violence Victimization in Young Women : A Randomized Controlled Study in Swedish Youth Health Centers
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:1-2, s. 77-99
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Youth is a period in life when the risk of violence victimization is high and association between victimization and ill health is well established. Youth rarely reveal violence victimization to health professionals if not directly asked but favor health professionals asking about victimization. The study’s primary aim was to examine health outcomes in young women being routinely asked about violence victimization and offered subsequent support, compared with controls, at 12-month follow-up. Secondary aims were to examine to what extent routine inquiry altered the consultation and re-victimization rates during the study period. A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted at Swedish youth health centers. Participants assigned to the intervention group were asked structured questions about violence. Victimized participants received empowering strategies and were offered further counseling. Participants in the control group completed questionnaires about victimization after the visit. Both groups answered questions about sociodemographics and health, constructed from validated instruments. A questionnaire was administered to all participants 12 months after baseline. Of 1,445 eligible young women, 1,051 (73%) participated, with 54% of the participants completing the 12-month follow-up. Lifetime violence victimization was reported by 53% in the intervention group and 60% in the control group, ns. There were no significant differences in health outcomes, between baseline and 12-month follow-up, within either group or between groups. Re-victimization rates were 16% in the intervention group and 12% in the control group, ns. Of victimized young women in the intervention group, 14% wanted and received further counseling. Routine inquiry about violence victimization and empowering strategies were feasible within ordinary consultations at youth health centers but did not demonstrate improved health outcomes at 12-month follow-up compared with controls. Questions about violence led to a high degree of disclosure, and 14% of victimized young women in the intervention group received further counseling as a result.
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| 47. |
- Palm, Anna, 1969-
(author)
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Studies on routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption in youth clinics
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives: Violence victimization is common in youth, and the association between victimization and ill-health is well established. Youth is also the period when alcohol risk drinking is most prevalent. At youth clinics in Västernorrland, Sweden, a randomized controlled intervention was conducted examining health outcomes and risk drinking after implementing routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption.Methods: Participants in the intervention group underwent routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption. Victimized participants received empowering strategies and were offered further counseling. Risk drinkers received motivational interviewing (MI). All participants answered questionnaires about sociodemography and health at baseline, at 3 months and at 12 months. Of 1,445 eligible young women, 1,051 (73%) participated, with 54% of them completing the 12-month follow-up. Males were excluded from the quantitative analysis owing to the low number of male participants. Fifteen research interviews examining the experience of routine inquiry were conducted.Results: Violence-victimized young women reported more ill health than non-victimized women did. This was especially evident for those who had been multiply victimized. There were no differences in health outcomes between the baseline and the 12-month follow-up for the intervention group and for the control group. Of the victimized women in the intervention group, 14% wanted and received further counseling. There was a significant decrease in risk drinking from baseline to follow-up, but no differences between the MI group and the controls. There was a large intra-individual mobility in the young women’s drinking behavior.In interviews, the participants described how questions about violence had helped them to process prior victimization. For some, this initiated changes such as leaving a destructive relationship or starting therapy. The participants considered risk drinking in terms of consequences and did not find unit-based guidelines useful.Conclusion: Violence victimization, especially multiple victimization, was strongly associated with ill health in young women. Routine inquiry about violence and subsequent follow-up led to a high degree of disclosure but did not improve self-reported health. However, victimized participants described talking about prior victimization as very helpful. Participants viewed risk drinking in terms of consequences rather than in quantity or frequency of alcohol, which may render unit-based drinking guidelines less useful when addressing risk drinking in youth.
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| 48. |
- Palm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Symptoms after obstetric sphincter injuries have little effect on quality of life
- 2013
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In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:1, s. 109-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To compare the prevalence of anal incontinence and dyspareunia in women with or without obstetric sphincter injury after standardizing the suture technique. Design. Retrospective casecontrol study. Setting. Regional hospital, Sweden. Population. 305 women with an obstetric sphincter injury and 297 women with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods. In order to standardize and improve the repairing skills of sphincter injuries, collaboration between obstetricians and colorectal surgeons was begun in 2000. Inner and external sphincters were repaired in two layers with continuous monofilament polidioxane sutures. The participating women received a questionnaire with validated questions on anal incontinence, dyspareunia and quality of life. The follow-up time was 15 months to 8 years. Main outcome measures. Anal incontinence, dyspareunia and quality of life. Results. Of the sphincter group, 72% returned the questionnaire, as did 67% in the control group. Significantly more women in the sphincter group suffered from incontinence of flatus and loose stool compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference of incontinence of solid stool, soiling, or fecal urgency between the groups. The quality of life questions showed no significant difference between the groups. In the sphincter group, there was significantly more superficial coital pain compared to controls (p= 0.02). Significantly more women with complete sphincter injury reported anal incontinence than women with a partial sphincter injury. Conclusion. In spite of increased rate of anal incontinence and dyspareunia after anal sphincter rupture, there was no statistically significant reduction in the women's quality of life.
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| 49. |
- Palm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Violence victimisation-a watershed for young womens mental and physical health
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:5, s. 861-867
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The association between victimisation and adverse health in children is well established but few studies have addressed the effect of victimisation, especially multiple victimisations, in older adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported health in young women (15-22 years) victimised to one or more types of violence, compared with non-victimised.aEuro integral Methods: Young women visiting youth health centres in Sweden answered a questionnaire constructed from standardised instruments addressing violence victimisation (emotional, physical, sexual and family violence), socio-demographics, substance use and physical and mental health. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and attributable risk (AR) were assessed.aEuro integral Results: Of 1051 women (73% of eligible women), 25% were lifetime victims of one type of violence and 31% of two or more types of violence. Sexual-minority young women were more victimised than heterosexual women. Violence victimisation increased the risk for adverse health outcomes, especially evident for those multiply victimised. Victims of two or more types of violence had AOR 11.8 (CI 6.9-20.1) for post-traumatic stress symptoms, 6.3 (CI 3.9-10.2) for anxiety symptoms and 10.8 (CI 5.2-22.5) for suicide ideation. The AR of victimisation accounted for 41% of post-traumatic stress symptoms, 30% of anxiety symptoms and 27% of suicide ideation. Stratified analyses showed that lower economic resources did not influence health negatively for non-victimised, whereas it multiplicatively reinforced ill-health when combined with violence victimisation.aEuro integral Conclusion: Violence victimisation, and particularly multiple victimisations, was strongly associated with mental ill-health in young women, especially evident in those with low economic resources.
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| 50. |
- Palm, Stig, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Therapeutic efficacy of astatine-211-labeled trastuzumab on radioresistant SKOV-3 tumors in nude mice.
- 2007
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In: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016. ; 69:2, s. 572-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the potential use of astatine-211 (211At)-labeled trastuzumab for the treatment of HER-2-positive, radioresistant ovarian carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four-week-old nude mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5 . 10(6) SKOV-3 cells in 0.4 mL saline on Day 0. The endpoint was the total tumor weight in each mouse on Day 63. Three experiments were performed in which the response to single-dose and fractionated treatment with unlabeled and 211At-labeled antibody was evaluated. RESULTS: Experiment 1 showed, for the same total amount of trastuzumab, a dose-response relationship between 211At activity (0-400 kBq on Day 7) and therapeutic efficacy (p = 0.001). The effect of varying the amount of unlabeled trastuzumab was studied in Experiment 2. All mice, except for the controls, received 400 kBq 211At-trastuzumab, and different groups received 5, 50, or 500 microg trastuzumab on Day 7. The increase from 5 to 50 microg trastuzumab reduced the tumors by 78% in weight. No tumors were present in mice given 500 microg trastuzumab. In Experiment 3, the effect of a fractionated treatment regimen was studied. Mice that received 100 kBq 211At-trastuzumab on Days 7 and 8 had a 42% smaller tumor burden than did controls. Groups of mice injected with 200 + 100 kBq on Days 7 and 21 and mice injected with 100 kBq on Days 7, 8, and 21 both had 24% less tumor weight than the corresponding controls. CONCLUSION: The combination of 500 microg trastuzumab and 400 kBq 211At-trastuzumab had the greatest effect, with complete eradication of the tumors in this nude mouse model.
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