| 1. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(author)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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In: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Burrascano, S., et al.
(author)
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Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?
- 2023
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In: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207. ; 284
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were repre-sented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multi-taxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other develop-mental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were over-represented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM stra-tegies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM in-dicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information.
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| 4. |
- Boretzky, K., et al.
(author)
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NeuLAND: The high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectrometer for R 3 B at FAIR
- 2021
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1014
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is the next-generation neutron detector for the R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). NeuLAND detects neutrons with energies from 100 to 1000 MeV, featuring a high detection efficiency, a high spatial and time resolution, and a large multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency. This is achieved by a highly granular design of organic scintillators: 3000 individual submodules with a size of 5 × 5 × 250 cm3 are arranged in 30 double planes with 100 submodules each, providing an active area of 250 × 250 cm2 and a total depth of 3 m. The spatial resolution due to the granularity together with a time resolution of σt≤ 150 ps ensures high-resolution capabilities. In conjunction with calorimetric properties, a multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency of 50% to 70% for four-neutron events will be achieved, depending on both the emission scenario and the boundary conditions allowed for the reconstruction method. We present in this paper the final design of the detector as well as results from test measurements and simulations on which this design is based.
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| 5. |
- Lihtar, I., et al.
(author)
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RELATIVISTIC COULOMB EXCITATION OF 124 Sn
- 2024
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement. - 1899-2358. ; 17:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Coulomb excitation of 124, 128, 130, 132, 134Sn isotopes in the electric field of a Pb target have been studied using the R3B setup as a part of the FAIR Phase-0 program. The experiment was motivated by the possibility of using the nuclear dipole response to infer valuable information on the slope of the symmetry energy of the nuclear equation of state. Measurements were performed in inverse kinematics at relativistic energies of 750 MeV/u and 904 MeV/u. The analysis method and preliminary results for the decay channel with a single outgoing neutron for 124Sn are reported.
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| 6. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Mantovani, G, et al.
(author)
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Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Related Disorders: An Updated Practical Tool for Physicians and Patients
- 2020
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In: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 93:3, s. 182-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) or related disorders are characterized by physical findings that may include brachydactyly, a short stature, a stocky build, early-onset obesity, ectopic ossifications, and neurodevelopmental deficits, as well as hormonal resistance most prominently to parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition to these alterations, patients may develop other hormonal resistances, leading to overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and growth hormone (GH) deficiency, impaired growth without measurable evidence for hormonal abnormalities, type 2 diabetes, and skeletal issues with potentially severe limitation of mobility. PHP and related disorders are primarily clinical diagnoses. Given the variability of the clinical, radiological, and biochemical presentation, establishment of the molecular diagnosis is of critical importance for patients. It facilitates management, including prevention of complications, screening and treatment of endocrine deficits, supportive measures, and appropriate genetic counselling. Based on the first international consensus statement for these disorders, this article provides an updated and ready-to-use tool to help physicians and patients outlining relevant interventions and their timing. A life-long coordinated and multidisciplinary approach is recommended, starting as far as possible in early infancy and continuing throughout adulthood with an appropriate and timely transition from pediatric to adult care.
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| 9. |
- Rodriguez-Sancheza, J. L., et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive investigation of fission yields by using spallation- and (p,2p)induced fission reactions in inverse kinematics
- 2023
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In: 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ND2022. - 2100-014X. ; 284
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the last decades, measurements of spallation, fragmentation and Coulex induced fission reactions in inverse kinematics have provided valuable data to accurately investigate the fission dynamics and nuclear structure at large deformations of a large variety of stable and non -stable heavy nuclei. To go a step further, we propose now to induce fission by the use of quasi -free (p,2p) scattering reactions in inverse kinematics, which allows us to reconstruct the excitation energy of the compound fissioning system by using the four-momenta of the two outgoing protons. Therefore, this new approach might permit to correlate the excitation energy with the charge and mass distributions of the fission fragments and with the fission probabilities, given for the first time direct access to the simultaneous measurement of the fission yield dependence on temperature and fission barrier heights of exotic heavy nuclei, respectively. The first experiment based on this methodology was realized recently at the GM/FAIR facility and a detailed description of the experimental setup is given here.
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| 10. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ghetti, R., et al.
(author)
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Influence of multiple sources on the two-neutron correlation function in Ni-induced, intermediate energy, heavy ion reactions
- 2001
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 64:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The strength of the neutron-neutron correlation function from the E=45AMeV58Ni+27Al, natNi, and 197Au reactions depends on the neutron parallel velocity. This indicates the presence of multiple sources of neutron emission. We find these sources consistent with a dissipative, binary reaction mechanism as it is described by, e.g., Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lazaridis, Iosif, et al.
(author)
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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- 2014
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 409-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We sequenced the genomes of a similar to 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight similar to 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes(1-4) with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians(3), who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had similar to 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(author)
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The globalizability of temporal discounting
- 2022
-
In: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 6:10, s. 1386-1397
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.
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| 17. |
- Urrata, M, et al.
(author)
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Neutron-neutron Intensity Interferometry in E/A = 45 MeV 58Ni + 27Al, 58Ni and 197Au Reactions
- 2000
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small angle neutron-neutron correlations have been measured for the E/A=45 MeV 58Ni+27Al, natNi, and 197Au reactions. Two-neutron correlation functions, both integrated and gated on the total momentum of the neutron pair, have been constructed. In order to explain these data, a fraction of fast "dynamical" emission is needed in addition to slower evaporative emission. The overall emission time scale is shorter for the symmetric system, indicating that the dynamical component is stronger in this case.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ghetti, R, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of nuclear sources via two-neutron intensity interferometry
- 1999
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In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 660:1, s. 20-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The neutron energy spectrum and the two-neutron correlation function have been measured for the E/A = 45 MeV Ni + Al reaction in order to assess the space-time characteristics of the neutron emitting source. When comparing the data to a statistical model,
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ghetti, Roberta, et al.
(author)
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Two-particle correlation functions in projectilelike emission experiments at very forward angles
- 2004
-
In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 70:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Projectilelike fragment emission is studied via two-particle correlation functions, constructed from coincidence data detected at very forward angles (0.7degreesless than or equal totheta(lab)less than or equal to7degrees) in the E/A=44 and 77 MeV Ar-40+Al-27 reactions. The shape of the proton-proton correlation function is unexpected. Possible origins of this effect are discussed and a way to reestablish the expected shape is presented.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Martelotto, L. G., et al.
(author)
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Genomic landscape of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
- 2015
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In: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417. ; 237:2, s. 179-189
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare type of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) characterized by the presence of the MYB-NFIB fusion gene. The molecular underpinning of breast AdCCs other than the MYB-NFIB fusion gene remains largely unexplored. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of breast AdCCs. We performed whole-exome sequencing, followed by orthogonal validation, of 12 breast AdCCs to determine the landscape of somatic mutations and gene copy number alterations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse-transcription PCR were used to define the presence of MYB gene rearrangements and MYB-NFIB chimeric transcripts. Unlike common forms of TNBC, we found that AdCCs have a low mutation rate (0.27 non-silent mutations/Mb), lack mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA and display a heterogeneous constellation of known cancer genes affected by somatic mutations, including MYB, BRAF, FBXW7, SMARCA5, SF3B1 and FGFR2. MYB and TLN2 were affected by somatic mutations in two cases each. Akin to salivary gland AdCCs, breast AdCCs were found to harbour mutations targeting chromatin remodelling, cell adhesion, RNA biology, ubiquitination and canonical signalling pathway genes. We observed that, although breast AdCCs had rather simple genomes, they likely display intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity at diagnosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the mutational burden and mutational repertoire of breast AdCCs are more similar to those of salivary gland AdCCs than to those of other types of TNBCs, emphasizing the importance of histological subtyping of TNBCs. Furthermore, our data provide direct evidence that AdCCs harbour a distinctive mutational landscape and genomic structure, irrespective of the disease site of origin. Copyright (c) 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 24. |
- Qvirist, Linnea, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Isolation, identification and characterization of yeasts from fermented goat milk of the Yaghnob Valley in Tajikistan
- 2016
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 7:1690
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geographically isolated region of the Yaghnob Valley, Tajikistan, has allowed its inhabitants to maintain a unique culture and lifestyle. Their fermented goat milk constitutes one of the staple foods for the Yaghnob population, and is produced by backslopping, i.e., using the previous fermentation batch to inoculate the new one. This study addresses the yeast composition of the fermented milk, assessing genotypic, and phenotypic properties. The 52 isolates included in this study revealed small species diversity, belonging to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and one Kazachstania unispora. The K. marxianus strains showed two different genotypes, one of which never described previously. The two genetically different groups also differed significantly in several phenotypic characteristics, such as tolerance toward high temperatures, low pH, and presence of acid. Microsatellite analysis of the S. cerevisiae strains from this study, compared to 350 previously described strains, attributed the Yaghnobi S. cerevisiae to two different ancestry origins, both distinct from the wine and beer strains, and similar to strains isolated from human and insects feces, suggesting a peculiar origin of these strains, and the existence of a gut reservoir for S. cerevisiae. Our work constitutes a foundation for strain selection for future applications as starter cultures in food fermentations. This work is the first ever on yeast diversity from fermented milk of the previously unexplored area of the Yaghnob Valley.
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| 25. |
- Valorosi, Filippo, et al.
(author)
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Graphene and related materials in hierarchical fiber composites: Production techniques and key industrial benefits
- 2020
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In: Composites Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538. ; 185
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) are nowadays one of the most widely used class of high-tech materials. In particular, sporting goods, cars and the wings and fuselages of airplanes are made of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC). CFRC are mature commercial products, but are still challenging materials. Their mechanical and electrical properties are very good along the fiber axis, but can be very poor perpendicular to it; interfacial interactions have to be tailored for specific applications to avoid crack propagation– and delamination; fiber production includes high-temperature treatments of adverse environmental impact, leading to high costs. Recent research work shows that the performance of CFRC can be improved by addition of graphene or related 2-dimensional materials (GRM). Graphene is a promising additive for CFRC because: 1) Its all-carbon aromatic structure is similar to the one of carbon fiber (CF). 2) Its 2-dimensional shape, high aspect ratio, high flexibility and mechanical strength allow it to be used as a coating on the surface of fiber, or as a mechanical/electrical connection between different fiber layers. 3) Its tunable surface chemistry allows its interaction to be enhanced with either the fiber or the polymer matrix used in the composite and 4) in contrast to carbon fibers or nanotubes, it is easily produced on a large scale at room temperature, without metal catalysts. Here, we summarize the key strategic advantages that could be obtained in this way, and some of the recent results that have been obtained in this field within the Graphene Flagship project and worldwide.
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| 26. |
- Zhou, Yang, et al.
(author)
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How Photogenerated I2 Induces I-Rich Phase Formation in Lead Mixed Halide Perovskites
- 2023
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In: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bandgap tunability of lead mixed halide perovskites (LMHPs) is a crucial characteristic for versatile optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, LMHPs show the formation of iodide-rich (I-rich) phase under illumination, which destabilizes the semiconductor bandgap and impedes their exploitation. Here, it is shown that how I-2, photogenerated upon charge carrier trapping at iodine interstitials in LMHPs, can promote the formation of I-rich phase. I-2 can react with bromide (Br-) in the perovskite to form a trihalide ion I2Br- (I delta--I delta+-Br delta-), whose negatively charged iodide (I delta-) can further exchange with another lattice Br- to form the I-rich phase. Importantly, it is observed that the effectiveness of the process is dependent on the overall stability of the crystalline perovskite structure. Therefore, the bandgap instability in LMHPs is governed by two factors, i.e., the density of native defects leading to I-2 production and the Br- binding strength within the crystalline unit. Eventually, this study provides rules for the design of chemical composition in LMHPs to reach their full potential for optoelectronic devices.
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