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- Keshavarz, Samara, et al.
(author)
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Layer-resolved magnetic exchange interactions of surfaces of late 3d elements : Effects of electronic correlations
- 2015
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 92:16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results of an ab initio study of the magnetic properties of Fe, Co, and Ni surfaces. In particular, we discuss their electronic structure and magnetic exchange interactions (J(ij)), as obtained bymeans of a combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory. All studied systems have a pronounced tendency to ferromagnetism both for bulk and surface atoms. The presence of narrowband surface states is shown to enhance the magnetic moment as well as the exchange couplings. The most interesting results were obtained for the Fe surface where the atoms have a tendency to couple antiferromagnetically with each other. This interaction is relatively small when compared to interlayer ferromagnetic interaction, and it depends strongly on the lattice parameter. Local correlation effects are shown to lead to strong changes of the overall shape of the spectral functions. However, they seem not to play a decisive role in the overall picture of magnetic couplings studied here. We have also investigated the influence of correlations on the spin and orbital moments of bulklike and surface atoms. We found that dynamical correlations in general lead to enhanced values of the orbital moment.
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| 5. |
- Locht, Inka L. M., et al.
(author)
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Standard model of the rare earths analyzed from the Hubbard I approximation
- 2016
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950. ; 94:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we examine critically the electronic structure of the rare-earth elements by use of the so-called Hubbard I approximation. From the theoretical side all measured features of both occupied and unoccupied states are reproduced, without significant deviations between observations and theory. We also examine cohesive properties like the equilibrium volume and bulk modulus, where we find, in general, a good agreement between theory andmeasurements. In addition, we have reproduced the spin and orbital moments of these elements as they are reflected from measurements of the saturation moment. We have also employed the Hubbard I approximation to extract the interatomic exchange parameters of an effective spin Hamiltonian for the heavy rare earths. We show that the Hubbard I approximation gives results which are consistent with calculations where 4f electrons are treated as core states for Gd. The latter approach was also used to address the series of the heavy/late rare earths. Via Monte Carlo simulations we obtained ordering temperatures which reproduce measurements within about 20%. We have further illustrated the accuracy of these exchange parameters by comparing measured and calculated magnetic configurations for the heavy rare earths and the magnon dispersion for Gd. The Hubbard I approximation is compared to other theories of the electronic structure, and we argue that it is superior. We discuss the relevance of our results in general and how this makes it possible to treat the electronic structure of materials containing rare-earth elements, such as permanent magnets, magnetostrictive compounds, photovoltaics, optical fibers, topological insulators, and molecular magnets.
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- Bood, JR, et al.
(author)
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Urinary excretion of lipid mediators in response to repeated eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea in asthmatic subjects
- 2015
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In: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 119:3, s. 272-279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction displays refractoriness manifested as a decreased response to repeated exercise challenge within hours. The refractoriness may be attenuated by inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG). The aim of the study was to determine which PGs and other lipid mediators are excreted during the refractory period. First, 16 subjects with mild stable asthma performed two repeated 4-min challenges with eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) 1 and 3 h apart. There was a similar degree of refractoriness in both protocols (∼15% protection). The 1-h interval was too short to study mediator excretion because the urinary levels did not return to baseline before the second challenge. With the 3-h protocol, there was increased urinary excretion of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and metabolites of the mast cell product PGD2after both challenges. Next, another eight subjects performed two 6-min challenges with EVH 3 h apart, which produced a greater bronchoconstrictor response than the 4-min protocol (30.0 ± 5.4 vs. 17.7 ± 1.5%; P = 0.0029) and a greater degree of refractoriness (∼30%). Analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry confirmed excretion of the bronchoconstrictor cysteinyl-leukotrienes and PGD2during both challenges. In addition, there was increased excretion of the bronchoprotective PGE2, and also of the main metabolite of PGI2. This is the first report of excretion of PGE2and PGI2during the refractory period to EVH challenge, suggesting that they may mediate the refractoriness. Maintained excretion of PGD2and leukotriene E4following the repeat challenge argues against mast cell mediator depletion as the mechanism of refractoriness.
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- Cardias, Ramon, et al.
(author)
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Comment on "Proper and improper chiral magnetic interactions"
- 2022
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In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a recent paper by dos Santos Dias et al. [Phys. Rev. B 103, L140408 (2021)], a critique of earlier works analyzing low-energy spin Hamiltonians is put forth. To be precise, it is the large noncollinear contributions to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that is the main concern of dos Santos Dias et al. In this Comment, we clarify the microscopic mechanisms for the large DMI that can be found in noncollinear magnets. Furthermore, we outline the complementary nature of the different parametrizations of a spin Hamiltonian, with strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. Specifically, we stress the physical insight in the interpretation of the DMI, when decomposed in microscopic electron and spin densities and currents.
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- Gaber, Flora, et al.
(author)
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Saliva is one likely source of leukotriene B4 in exhaled breath condensate
- 2006
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 28:6, s. 1229-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leukotriene (LT)B4 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been reported to be elevated in airway inflammation. The origin of leukotrienes in EBC is, however, not established. The aims of this study are to measure LTB4 levels in EBC collected in two challenges characterised by a strong neutrophilic airway inflammation and to compare LTB4 levels in EBC with levels in sputum and saliva. LTB4 and alpha-amylase were measured in EBC from 34 healthy subjects exposed in a pig confinement building or to a lipopolysaccharide provocation. These markers were also measured in induced sputum in 11 of the subjects. For comparison, LTB4 and alpha-amylase were measured in saliva from healthy subjects. Only four out of 102 EBC samples had detectable LTB4 (28-100 pg x mL(-1)). alpha-amylase activity was detected in the LTB4-positive samples. In contrast, LTB4 was detected in all examined sputum supernatants in the same study (median 1,190 pg x mL(-1)). The median LTB4 level in saliva was 469 pg x mL(-1). High levels of leukotriene B4 in saliva and the presence of leukotriene B4 in exhaled breath condensate only when alpha-amylase was detected, indicate that leukotriene B4 found in exhaled breath condensate is the result of saliva contamination. As leukotriene B4 was consistently present in sputum supernatants, exhaled breath condensate may be inappropriate for monitoring airway leukotriene B4.
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- Panda, Swarup K., et al.
(author)
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A charge self-consistent LDA plus DMFT study of the spectral properties of hexagonal NiS
- 2014
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In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 16, s. 093049-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electronic structure and spectral properties of hexagonal NiS have been studied in the high temperature paramagnetic phase and low temperature anti-ferromagnetic phase. The calculations have been performed using charge self-consistent density-functional theory in local density approximation combined with dynamical mean-field theory (LDA+DMFT). The photoemission spectra (PES) and optical properties have been computed and compared with the experimental data. Our results show that the dynamical correlation effects are important to understand the spectral and optical properties of NiS. These effects have been analyzed in detail by means of the computed real and imaginary part of the self-energy.
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| 16. |
- Panda, S. K., et al.
(author)
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Effect of spin orbit coupling and Hubbard U on the electronic structure of IrO2
- 2014
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 89:15, s. 155102-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied in detail the electronic structure of IrO2 including spin orbit coupling (SOC) and electronelectron interaction, both within the generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard U (GGA+ U) and GGA plus dynamical mean field theory (GGA+ DMFT) approximations. Our calculations reveal that the Ir t(2g) states at the Fermi level largely retain the J(eff) = 1/2 character, suggesting that this complex spin orbit entangled state may be robust even in metallic IrO2. We have calculated the phase diagram for the ground state of IrO2 as a function of U and find a metal insulator transition that coincides with a magnetic phase change, where the effect of SOC is only to reduce the critical values of U necessary for the transition. We also find that dynamic correlations, as given by the GGA+ DMFT calculations, tend to suppress the spin- splitting, yielding a Pauli paramagnetic metal for moderate values of the Hubbard U. Our calculated optical spectra and photoemission spectra including SOC are in good agreement with experiment, demonstrating the importance of SOC in IrO2.
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| 17. |
- Pankratova, M., et al.
(author)
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Heat-conserving three-temperature model for ultrafast demagnetization in nickel
- 2022
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In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 106:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multireservoir models are widely used for modeling and interpreting ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Here we introduce an alternative formulation to existing three-temperature models for the treatment of spin, electron, and lattice temperatures in magnetization dynamics simulations. In contrast to most existing models of calculations of energy transfer between reservoirs in these types of simulations, the heat distribution of the spin and lattice subsystems is evaluated during the simulation instead of being calculated a priori. The model is applied to investigate the demagnetization and remagnetization of fcc Ni, when subjected to a strong laser pulse. In particular, our model results in a fast interplay between the electron and spin subsystems which reproduces the main features of experimental data for fcc Ni significantly better than most reported three-temperature models. We also show that the way in which the electron, spin, and lattice heat capacities are described can have a significant impact on the simulated ultrafast dynamics. By introducing spin-lattice couplings in the simulation, it is shown that these explicit interactions only have a marginal impact on the magnetization dynamics of fcc Ni, albeit it is more pronounced for higher laser pulse powers.
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| 18. |
- Peters, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Magnetism and exchange interaction of small rare-earth clusters; Tb as a representative
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we follow, both experimentally and theoretically, the development of magnetism in Tb clusters from the atomic limit, adding one atom at a time. The exchange interaction is, surprisingly, observed to drastically increase compared to that of bulk, and to exhibit irregular oscillations as a function of the interatomic distance. From electronic structure theory we find that the theoretical magnetic moments oscillate with cluster size in exact agreement with experimental data. Unlike the bulk, the oscillation is not caused by the RKKY mechanism. Instead, the inter-atomic exchange is shown to be driven by a competition between wave-function overlap of the 5d shell and the on-site exchange interaction, which leads to a competition between ferromagnetic double-exchange and antiferromagnetic super-exchange. This understanding opens up new ways to tune the magnetic properties of rare-earth based magnets with nano-sized building blocks.
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| 19. |
- Peters, L., et al.
(author)
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Valence and spectral properties of rare-earth clusters
- 2015
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 92:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rare earths are known to have intriguing changes of the valence, depending on the chemical surrounding or geometry. Here, we aim at predicting the transition of valence when passing from the atomic divalent limit to the bulk trivalent limit. This transition is analyzed by addressing clusters of various size for selected rare-earth elements, i.e., Sm, Tb, and Tm, via a theoretical treatment that combines density functional theory with atomic multiplet theory. Our results show that Tm clusters change from pure divalent to pure trivalent at a size of six atoms, while Tb clusters are already divalent for two atoms and stay so until eight atoms and the bulk limit. Instead, Sm clusters are respectively purely divalent up to eight atoms. For larger Sm clusters, a transition to a trivalent configuration is expected and likely accompanied by a regime of mixed valence. The valence of all rare-earth clusters, as a function of size, is predicted from the interpolation of our calculated results. These predictions are argued to be best investigated by spectroscopic measurements. To ease experimental analysis, we provide theoretical spectra, based on dynamical mean-field theory in the Hubbard I approximation.
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| 25. |
- Streib, Simon, et al.
(author)
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Exchange constants for local spin Hamiltonians from tight-binding models
- 2021
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In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 103:22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the mapping of tight-binding electronic structure theory to a local spin Hamiltonian, based on the adiabatic approximation for spin degrees of freedom in itinerant-electron systems. Local spin Hamiltonians are introduced in order to describe the energy landscape of small magnetic fluctuations, locally around a given spin configuration. They are designed for the linear response near a given magnetic state and, in general, are insufficient to capture arbitrarily strong deviations of spin configurations from the equilibrium. In order to achieve this mapping, we include a linear term in the local spin Hamiltonian that together with the usual bilinear exchange tensor, produces an improved accuracy of effective magnetic Weiss fields for noncollinear states. We also provide examples from tight-binding electronic structure theory, where our implementation of the calculation of exchange constants is based on constraining fields that stabilize an out-of-equilibrium spin configuration. We check our formalism by means of numerical calculations for iron dimers and chains.
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