| 1. |
- Burigana, Carlo, et al.
(author)
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Recent results and perspectives on cosmology and fundamental physics from microwave surveys
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Modern Physics D. - 0218-2718. ; 25:6
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) data in temperature and polarization have reached high precision in estimating all the parameters that describe the current so-called standard cosmological model. Recent results about the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect from CMB anisotropies, galaxy surveys, and their cross-correlations are presented. Looking at fine signatures in the CMB, such as the lack of power at low multipoles, the primordial power spectrum (PPS) and the bounds on non-Gaussianities, complemented by galaxy surveys, we discuss inflationary physics and the generation of primordial perturbations in the early universe. Three important topics in particle physics, the bounds on neutrinos masses and parameters, on thermal axion mass and on the neutron lifetime derived from cosmological data are reviewed, with attention to the comparison with laboratory experiment results. Recent results from cosmic polarization rotation (CPR) analyses aimed at testing the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) are presented. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of next radio facilities for the improvement of the analysis of future CMB spectral distortion experiments.
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| 2. |
- Abazajian, Kevork, et al.
(author)
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CMB-S4 : Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.
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| 3. |
- Di Valentino, Eleonora, et al.
(author)
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Dark radiation and inflationary freedom after Planck 2015
- 2016
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In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010. ; 93:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The simplest inflationary models predict a primordial power spectrum (PPS) of the curvature fluctuations that can be described by a power-law function that is nearly scale invariant. It has been shown, however, that the low-multipole spectrum of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies may hint at the presence of some features in the shape of the scalar PPS, which could deviate from its canonical power-law form. We study the possible degeneracies of this nonstandard PPS with the active neutrino masses, the effective number of relativistic species, and a sterile neutrino or a thermal axion mass. The limits on these additional parameters are less constraining in a model with a nonstandard PPS when including only the temperature autocorrelation spectrum measurements in the data analyses. The inclusion of the polarization spectra noticeably helps in reducing the degeneracies, leading to results that typically show no deviation from the Lambda CDM model with a standard power-law PPS. These findings are robust against changes in the function describing the noncanonical PPS. Albeit current cosmological measurements seem to prefer the simple power-law PPS description, the statistical significance to rule out other possible parametrizations is still very poor. Future cosmological measurements are crucial to improve the present PPS uncertainties.
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| 4. |
- Tricase, Angelo, et al.
(author)
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Water-Based Conductive Ink Formulations for Enzyme-Based Wearable Biosensors
- 2024
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In: Advanced Sensor Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2751-1219. ; 3:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herein, this work reports the first example of second-generation wearable biosensor arrays based on a printed electrode technology involving a water-based graphite ink, for the simultaneous detection of l-lactate and d-glucose. The water-based graphite ink is deposited onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate sheet, namely stencil-printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, and further modified with [Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] as an osmium redox polymer to shuttle the electrons from the redox center of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOx) and gluocose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx). The proposed biosensor array exhibits a limit of detection as low as (9.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 m for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−6 m for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10], a sensitivity as high as 1.32 μA mm−1 for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and 28.4 μA mm−1 for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10]. The technology is also selective when tested in buffer and artificial sweat and is endowed with an operational/storage stability of ≈80% of the initial signal retained after 20 days. Finally, the proposed array is integrated in a wristband and successfully tested for the continuous monitoring of l-lactate and d-glucose in a healthy volunteer during daily activity. This is foreseen as a real-time wearable device for sport-medicine and healthcare applications.
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| 5. |
- Yang, Weiqiang, et al.
(author)
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Listening to the sound of dark sector interactions with gravitational wave standard sirens
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider two stable Interacting Dark Matter-Dark Energy models and confront them against current Cosmic Microwave Background data from the Planck satellite. We then generate luminosity distance measurements from O(10(3)) mock Gravitational Wave events matching the expected sensitivity of the proposed Einstein Telescope. We use these to forecast how the addition of Gravitational Wave standard sirens data can improve current limits on the Dark Matter-Dark Energy coupling strength (xi). We find that the addition of Gravitational Waves data can reduce the current uncertainty by a factor of 5. Moreover, if the underlying cosmological model truly features Dark Matter-Dark Energy interactions with a value of xi within the currently allowed 1 sigma upper limit, the addition of Gravitational Wave data would help disentangle such an interaction from the standard case of no interaction at a significance of more than 3 sigma.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Weiqiang, et al.
(author)
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Tale of stable interacting dark energy, observational signatures, and the H0 tension
- 2018
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In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the observational consequences of a novel class of stable interacting dark energy (IDE) models, featuring interactions between dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE). In the first part of our work, we start by considering two IDE models which are known to present early-time linear perturbation instabilities. Applying a transformation depending on the dark energy equation of state (EoS) to the DM-DE coupling, we then obtain two novel stable IDE models. Subsequently, we derive robust and accurate constraints on the parameters of these models, assuming a constant EoS w(x) for the DE fluid, in light of some of the most recent publicly available cosmological data. These include Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Planck satellite, a selection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements, Supernovae Type-Ia luminosity distance measurements from the JLA sample, and measurements of the Hubble parameter up to redshift 2 from cosmic chronometers. Our analysis displays a mild preference for the DE fluid residing in the phantom region (w(x) < -1), with significance up to 95% confidence level, while we obtain new upper limits on the coupling parameter between the dark components. The preference for a phantom DE suggests a coupling function Q < 0, thus a scenario where energy flows from the DE to the DM. We also examine the possibility of addressing the H-0 and sigma(8) tensions, finding that only the former can be partially alleviated. Finally, we perform a Bayesian model comparison analysis to quantify the possible preference for the two IDE models against the standard concordance ACDM model, finding that the latter is always preferred with the strength of the evidence ranging from positive to very strong.
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